Momwe mungayambire kulumala ndi matenda a shuga a 2 komanso mtundu 1 wa shuga

Ngakhale kuti mankhwala akupita patsogolo nthawi zonse, matenda ashuga akadali osatheka kuchiritsa kwathunthu.

Anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli nthawi zonse amayenera kukhalabe athanzi lamthupi, kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso zakudya. Izi ndizodula kwambiri.

Chifukwa chake, funso loti ndizotheka komanso momwe mungakhalire wolumala mu mtundu woyamba wa 2 ndikulembani matenda ashuga 2 kuti mupeze phindu lina. Tidzakambirana pambuyo pake.

Atalandira matenda a shuga, munthu ayenera kutsatira zakudya zapadera moyo wake wonse, komanso kutsatira njira yoikidwa.

Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mulamulire kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikutchingira kupatuka kuzololeka zovomerezeka. Kuphatikiza apo, odwala ambiri oterewa amadalira insulin. Chifukwa chake, amafunika jakisoni wa panthawi yake.

Zinthu ngati izi zimapangitsa kuti moyo ukhale wopindulitsa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, funso la momwe ungakhalire wolumala wa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 ndi mtundu woyamba wa shuga ndilofunika kwambiri kwa wodwalayo ndi abale ake. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha matendawa, munthu amalephera kugwira ntchito, nthawi zambiri amadwala matenda ena chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha matenda ashuga m'thupi lathunthu.

Nanga chimaphatikizira kupeza gulu ndi chiyani?

Tisanayankhe funso la momwe tingalembetsere kulumala mu matenda a shuga 2 ndi mtundu 1, ndikofunikira kulingalira za nthawi zomwe zimakhudza kulandiridwa kwa gulu. Kukhalapo kwa matendawo sikupereka ufulu wa kulumala kwa matenda ashuga.

Izi zimafunikira mikangano ina, pamaziko omwe Commissionyo idzapange chisankho choyenera. Komanso, kusowa kwa zovuta zazikulu ngakhale chitukuko cha matenda osachiritsika sichikhala chinthu chololeza kulumala.

Mukamagawa gulu lolumala, zotsatirazi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa:

pali kudalira insulini iliyonse
mtundu wabwinobwino kapena matenda a shuga,
malire a moyo wabwinobwino,
Kodi ndizotheka kulipirira kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi,
kupezeka kwa matenda ena
kupeza kwa zovuta chifukwa cha matendawa.

Kafukufuku wamaphunziro amatithandizanso kuti munthu akhale wolumala. Zimachitika:

Kuyang'ana odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga

Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya endocrine pathology. Mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga ndi mtundu womwe munthu amadwala insulin. Matendawa amapanga kuwonekera kwake mwa ana ndi achinyamata. Kuperewera kwake kwa mahomoni ake mu zochuluka zokwanira kumapangitsa kufunikira kuti mupeze jakisoni. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mtundu 1 umatchedwa insulin-wodwala kapena wowononga insulin.

Odwala oterowo nthawi zambiri amapita kukaonana ndi endocrinologist ndikuwapatsa insulin, mizere yoyesera, miyendo ku glucometer. Kuchuluka kwa makonda angayang'anire ndi adokotala omwe amapita nawo: amasiyanasiyana m'malo osiyanasiyana. Matenda a 2 a shuga amakula mwa anthu opitilira zaka 35. Zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchepa kwa chidwi cha maselo kuti apange insulin, kupanga mahomoni sikusokonezedwa poyambirira. Odwala otere amakhala moyo waufulu kuposa anthu odwala matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba.

Maziko a chithandizo ndikuwongolera zakudya komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa shuga. Wodwalayo amatha kulandira chisamaliro panthawiyi kapena chifukwa cha mankhwala. Ngati munthu akudwala yekha ndikupitilizabe kugwira ntchito kapena kusamalira mwana yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, amalandila pepala lolemala kwakanthawi.

Maziko opereka tchuthi chodwala atha kukhala awa:

mayiko omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga,
wodwala matenda ashuga
hemodialysis
kusokonezeka pachimake kapena kuchulukitsa kwa matenda osachiritsika,
kufunika kogwirira ntchito.

Matenda a shuga ndi Olumala

Ngati matendawa akuyenda limodzi ndi kuwonongeka m'moyo, kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo zina, kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa ntchito komanso luso lodzisamalira, amalankhula za kulumala. Ngakhale ndi chithandizo, wodwalayo angakulire. Pali madigiri atatu a shuga mellitus:

Zosavuta. Mkhalidwewo umalipiriridwa pokhapokha pokhazikitsa chakudya, mulingo wa kusala kudya kwa glycemia sunapitirire 7.4 mmol / l. Kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi, impso kapena dongosolo lamanjenje la 1 degree ndikotheka. Palibe kuphwanya ntchito zolimbitsa thupi. Odwala awa sapatsidwa gulu lolumala. Wodwala akhoza kulembedwa kuti sangathe kugwira ntchito yayikulu, koma atha kukagwira ntchito kwina.
Yapakatikati. Wodwala amafunikira chithandizo cha tsiku ndi tsiku, kuwonjezeka kwa shuga mpaka 138 mmol / l ndikotheka, kuwonongeka kwa retina, zotumphukira zamitsempha, komanso impso mpaka 2 digiri. Mbiri yakale komanso yonyansa siyikupezeka. Odwala oterewa ali ndi zilema komanso olumala, mwina olumala.
Zovuta. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, kukwera kwa shuga pamwamba pa 14.1 mmol / L kumawerengedwa, matendawa amatha kukulira ngakhale motsutsana ndi maziko a mankhwala omwe asankhidwa, pali zovuta zina. Kuopsa kwa kusintha kwa ma pathological mu ziwalo zoberekera kumatha kukhala koopsa, ndipo matendawa (mwachitsanzo, kulephera kwa aimpso) akuphatikizidwanso. Samalankhulanso za mwayi wogwira ntchito, odwala sangathe kudzisamalira. Amapatsidwa matenda a shuga.

Ana amafunikira chisamaliro chapadera. Kuzindikira matendawa kumatanthauza kufunikira kopitilira chithandizo ndi kuwunika kwa glycemia. Mwanayo amalandira mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuchokera ku bajeti yakomweko. Pambuyo polemala polemala, akuti amapindulanso zina. Lamulo la federal "Pension pension in the Russian Federation" limapereka kuperekera penshoni kwa munthu amene akusamalira mwana wotere.

Kodi kulumala

Wodwalayo kapena womupangira amafunsira wachikulire kapena wa ana endocrinologist kumalo komwe amakhala. Maziko otumizira ITU (Health Expert Commission) ndi awa:

kubwezeredwa kwa matenda ashuga osagwira ntchito bwino,
matenda oopsa
magawo a hypoglycemia, ketoacidotic coma,
kuwoneka kwa kuphwanya ntchito za ziwalo zamkati,
kufunika kwamalingaliro antchito kuti asinthe machitidwe ndi mtundu wa ntchito.

Dokotala adzakuuzani njira zomwe muyenera kuchita kuti mumalize zolemba zanu. Nthawi zambiri, odwala matenda ashuga amayeserera:

kuyezetsa magazi konse
Kuyeza magazi m'mawa ndi masana,
maphunziro a biochemical omwe akuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa malipiro: glycosylated hemoglobin, creatinine ndi urea wamagazi,
muyeso wa cholesterol
urinalysis
kutsimikiza mkodzo wa shuga, mapuloteni, acetone,
mkodzo malinga ndi Zimnitsky (vuto laimpso)
electrocardiography, kuyesa kwa maola 24 kwa ECG, kuthamanga kwa magazi kuti ayesetse mtima,
EEG, kuwerenga kwa ziwiya zamagulu a khansa pakupanga matenda a shuga.

Madokotala amawunika ntchito zokhudzana ndi izi: ophthalmologist, neurologist, opaleshoni, urologist. Kusokonezeka kwakukulu kwa ntchito zamunthu wazidziwitso ndi mawonekedwe ndi chizindikiro cha kafukufuku woyeserera wamaganizidwe ndi kufunsira kwa wamisala. Atatha mayeso, wodwalayo amapita kuchipatala komwe amamuwonera.

Ngati zizindikiro za kulemala kapena kufunika kopanga pulogalamu yothandiziramo anthu ena zapezeka, dokotala wopezekapo amalowetsa zidziwitso zonse zokhudza wodwalayo mu fomu ya 088 / у-06 ndikutumiza ku ITU. Kuphatikiza pa kunena za ntchitoyo, wodwalayo kapena abale ake amatenga zikalata zina. Mndandanda wawo umasiyana malinga ndi omwe amadwala matenda ashuga. ITU imawunika zolembedwazo, zimawunika ndikusankha ngati sangapatse gulu la olumala kapena ayi.

Njira zopangira

Akatswiri amawunika kukula kwa kuphwanya malamulo ndikugawa gulu linalake lazolumala. Gulu lachitatu limapangidwira odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ofatsa kapena olimbitsa. Zowonongeka zimaperekedwa ngati zikulephera kukwaniritsa ntchito yawo yopanga pantchito yomwe ilipo, ndipo kusamutsidwira kumachitidwe kosavuta kumabweretsa chiwongola dzanja chachikulu.

Mndandanda wazoletsa ntchito zalembedwa mu Order No. 302-n wa Unduna wa Zaumoyo wa Russia. Gulu lachitatu lilinso ndi achinyamata omwe akuphunzitsidwa. Gulu lachirema lachiwiri limapangidwira mozungulira matenda. Mwa zina mwa njira:

kuwonongeka kwammbuyo kwa digiri ya 2 kapena 3,
Zizindikiro zoyambira kulephera kwa impso,
dialysis aimpso kulephera,
ma neuropathies a madigiri 2,
encephalopathy mpaka madigiri 3,
Kuphwanya kosuntha mpaka madigiri 2,
kuphwanya kudzisamalira mpaka madigiri 2.

Gululi limaperekedwanso kwa odwala matenda ashuga omwe amawonetsa matendawa moyenera, koma ndi kulephera kukhazikika panjira ndi chithandizo chanthawi zonse. Munthu amadziwika kuti ndi olumala wa gulu 1 ndi kuthekera kwa kudzisamalira. Izi zimachitika ngati chiwopsezo chachikulu cha ziwalo zomwe zikuwadwala matenda ashuga:

khungu m'maso onse
kukula kwa ziwalo ndi kuwonongeka kwa kuyenda,
kuphwanya kwakukulu kwamalingaliro,
kukula kwa mtima kulephera 3 madigiri,
matenda ashuga kapena ovulala am'munsi,
kulephera kwa impso,
pafupipafupi chikomokere ndi vuto la hypoglycemic.

Kupanga chilema cha mwana kudzera pa ITU ya ana. Ana otere amafunika jakisoni wa insulin nthawi zonse komanso kuwongolera glycemic. Kholo kapena kholo la mwana limapereka chithandizo ndi chithandizo chamankhwala. Gulu lolemala pamenepa limaperekedwa mpaka zaka 14. Pofika zaka zino, mwanayo amawunikiranso. Amakhulupilira kuti wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga kuyambira zaka 14 amatha kubayira jekeseni ndikuwongolera shuga, motero, safunika kuwonedwa ndi munthu wamkulu. Ngati izi zikutsimikiziridwa, kulumala kumachotsedwa.

Pafupipafupi kukonzanso kwa odwala

Pambuyo pakufufuzidwa ndi ITU, wodwalayo amalandila malingaliro pazomwe amamuzindikira munthu wolumala kapena kukana ndi malingaliro. Pakupereka penshoni, wodwala matenda ashuga amadziwitsidwa kwa nthawi yayitali kuti amadziwika kuti sangathe. Mwachizolowezi, kulumala koyambirira kwa magulu 2 kapena 3 kumatanthauza kuyesedwanso chaka chimodzi pambuyo polembetsedwa kwatsopano.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa gulu la 1 la olumala m'matenda a shuga kumayenderana ndi kufunikira kwa zaka ziwiri, pamaso pamavuto akulu mu terminal siteji, penshoni imatha kuperekedwa mwachangu. Mukamayang'ana penshoni, kulumala kumachitika nthawi zambiri. Ngati matendawo akuipiraipira (mwachitsanzo, kukula kwa encephalopathy, kukula kwa khungu), dokotala yemwe amapezekapo angamuperekeze kuti ayang'anenso kuti awonjezere gululo.

Dongosolo lokonzanso komanso kusanja anthu

Pamodzi ndi satifiketi yakulemala, wodwala matenda a shuga amalandira pulogalamu yamanja m'manja mwake. Amapangidwa pamaziko a zosowa zaumunthu mu mtundu wina kapena wina wa zamankhwala, zothandizira anthu. Pulogalamuyi ikuwonetsa:

Olimbikitsidwa pafupipafupi azachipatala okonzekera chaka chilichonse. Bungwe la azaumoyo lomwe wodwala amayang'aniridwa ndi amene amachititsa izi. Ndi kukula kwa aimpso kulephera, malingaliro a dialysis akuwonetsedwa.
Kufunika kolembetsa njira zaukadaulo ndi zaukhondo. Izi zikuphatikiza maudindo onse opangidwira mapepala a ITU.
Kufunika kwa chithandizo chaukadaulo, mwa quota (ma prosthetics, opangidwira ziwalo zamasomphenya, impso).
Malangizo othandizira paubwenzi ndi ovomerezeka.
Malangizo pazofunsidwa ndi mtundu wa ntchito (mndandanda wazokonzekera, mtundu wa maphunziro, momwe mulili ndi mtundu wa ntchito).

Zofunika! Mukamagwiritsa ntchito zomwe zalimbikitsidwa kwa wodwala, IPRA zamankhwala ndi mabungwe ena amaika chizindikiro pakukhazikitsa ndi sitampu yawo. Ngati wodwala akukana kukonzanso: kuchipatala chomwe wakonzekera, sapita kwa dokotala, samamwa mankhwala, koma akuumirira kuti azindikire munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo ngati nthawi yayitali kapena kukweza gulu, ITU ikhoza kusankha kuti nkhaniyi siyabwino.

Phindu la olumala

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amawononga ndalama zambiri kugula kwawo mankhwala osokoneza bongo othandizira glycemic control (glucometer, lancets, strips test). Anthu olumala sikuti ali ndi ufulu kulandira chithandizo chamankhwala kwaulere, komanso mwayi wodziyerekeza kukhazikitsa pampu ya insulin ngati gawo lokapereka chithandizo chamankhwala apamwamba kwambiri kudzera mu inshuwaransi yokakamiza yachipatala.

Njira zaukadaulo ndi zaukhondo zimakonzedwera palokha. Muyenera kuzolowera mndandanda wa malo omwe analimbikitsidwa musanatumize zikalata zakulemala muofesi ya akatswiri. Kuphatikiza apo, wodwala amalandira thandizo: penshioni yodwala, ntchito yanyumba yochitira ntchito yantchito, kulembetsa zothandizidwa ndi ngongole zothandizira, chithandizo chaulere cha spa

Kuti athane ndi vuto lopewa chithandizo cha spa, ndikofunikira kufotokozera m'thumba la Insurance Fund komwe magulu omwe anthu olumala angathe kuwapatsa chilolezo. Nthawi zambiri, kupita ku sanatorium kwaulere kumaperekedwa m'magulu 2 ndi 3 a olumala. Odwala omwe ali ndi gulu 1 amafunikira wothandizira yemwe sadzapatsidwa tikiti yaulere.

Thandizo kwa ana olumala ndi mabanja awo limaphatikizapo:

kulipiritsa penshoni yapa mwana,
malipiro kwa amene amasamalira omwe akukakamizidwa kuti asagwire ntchito,
kuphatikiza nthawi yochoka pantchito,
kuthekera kosankha sabata lalifupi,
kuthekera kwa mayendedwe aulere kudzera m'njira zosiyanasiyana zoyendera,
phindu la msonkho,
kupanga magawo ophunzirira kusukulu, kupasa mayeso ndi mayeso,
kuvomerezedwa mwachisangalalo ku yunivesite.
malo okhalamo anthu, ngati banja liziwoneka kuti likufunika nyumba yabwino.

Kulembetsa kwakukulu kwa kukalamba muukalamba nthawi zambiri kumayenderana ndi matenda a shuga a 2. Odwala oterewa akufunsa ngati angapatsidwe phindu lililonse. Njira zoyambira zothandizira sizosiyana ndi za anthu odwala omwe ali ndi zilema. Kuphatikiza apo, ndalama zowonjezera zimaperekedwa kwa iwo opuma pantchito, kuchuluka kwake komwe kumatengera kutalika kwa ntchito ndi gulu la olumala.

Komanso, munthu wokalamba amatha kukhalabe ndi mwayi wogwira ntchito, wokhala ndi ufulu wofupikitsa tsiku logwirira ntchito, kupatsidwa tchuthi chapachaka cha masiku 30 komanso mwayi wopumira tchuthi osasunga miyezi iwiri. Kulembetsa kulemala kwa matenda opatsirana a shuga kumalimbikitsidwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la matendawa, kusowa kwa chipukutiro nthawi yamankhwala, ngati ndizosatheka kupitiliza kugwira ntchito pazomwe zidachitika kale, komanso kwa ana ochepera zaka 14 chifukwa chakufunika koyang'anira chithandizo. Anthu olumala amapeza mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito maubwino ndikufunsira chithandizo chamtengo wapatali chautali.

Dongosolo La Kukhazikitsidwa

Ngati munthu akudwala matenda a shuga obwera chifukwa cha matenda a shuga, ndipo matendawa akupita patsogolo ndipo amakhudza kwambiri moyo wake, amatha kufunsa dokotala kuti amupatse mayeso angapo ndikulembetsa kulemala kwamatenda. Poyamba, wodwalayo amayendera othandizira omwe amatumiza zothandizira kukakumana ndi akatswiri opapatiza (endocrinologist, Optometrist, Cardiologist, neurologist, Opaleshoni, etc.). Kuchokera pamavuto a labotale ndi othandizira, wodwala amatha kupatsidwa:

kuyesa kwamagazi ndi mkodzo,
kuyezetsa magazi
Ultrasound ya ziwiya zam'munsi zokhala ndi dopplerography (ndi angiopathy),
glycated hemoglobin,
kusanthula mwachangu, zoyambira (kutsimikiza kwa kukwanira kwa zowoneka),
kuyesa kwamkodzo kuti mupeze shuga, mapuloteni, acetone,
electroencephalography ndi rheoencephalography,
mbiri ya lipid
kuyesa kwamwazi wamagazi,
Ultrasound yamtima ndi ECG.

Kulembetsa kulemala, wodwala adzafunika zikalata:

pasipoti
Kutuluka zipatala komwe wodwala adalandira chithandizo,
Zotsatira za maphunziro onse a labotale ndi othandizira,
malingaliro othandizira ndi zisindikizo ndikuzindikira madokotala onse omwe wodwalayo adayendera panthawi yoyesedwa kuchipatala,
ntchito odwala kulembera kulemala ndi kutumiza kwa ochiritsira ku ITU,
khadi lapaulendo
buku lantchito ndi zikalata zotsimikizira maphunziro omwe alandiridwa,
satifiketi yalemala (ngati wodwalayo atsimikiziranso gululi).

Wodwala akamagwira ntchito, ayenera kulandira satifiketi kwa abwana, omwe amafotokoza momwe ntchitoyo ilili komanso mtundu wake. Ngati wodwalayo akuphunzira, ndiye kuti chikalata chofananira chikufunika kuchokera ku yunivesite. Ngati lingaliro la Commissionyo ndi labwino, wodwalayo amalandila satifiketi yalemala, yomwe imawonetsa gululi. Kubwereza mobwerezabwereza kwa ITU sikofunikira kokha ngati wodwala ali ndi gulu limodzi. M'magulu achiwiri ndi achitatu omwe ali olumala, ngakhale kuti matenda ashuga ndi osachiritsika komanso matenda osachiritsika, wodwalayo amayenera kumayesedwa pafupipafupi.

Zoyenera kuchita ngati lingaliro la ITU loipa?

Ngati ITU ipanga chisankho cholakwika ndipo wodwalayo sanalandire gulu lina lokhala ndi vuto, ali ndi ufulu wopempha chisankho. Ndikofunikira kuti wodwalayo amvetsetse kuti iyi ndi njira yayitali, koma ngati ali ndi chitsimikizo pakuwona momwe thanzi lake limayendera, ayenera kuyesa kutsimikizira zotsalazo. Wodwala matenda ashuga atha kukopa zotsatira zake polumikizana ndi ofesi yayikulu ya ITU patangotha mwezi umodzi ndi mawu olembedwa, pomwe kumachitika mobwerezabwereza.

Wodwalayo akakananso kulumala komweko, atha kulumikizana ndi Federal Bureau, yomwe imakakamizidwa kupanga bungwe lake pakatha mwezi umodzi kuti apange chisankho. Nthawi yomaliza yomwe odwala matenda ashuga angakhudze ndi khothi. Itha kukhudzanso zotsutsana ndi zotsatira za ITU zochitidwa ku Federal Bureau molingana ndi njira yomwe boma limakhazikitsa.

Mawonekedwe a shuga

Kodi matenda ashuga ndi chiani ndipo ndi chiani? Matenda a shuga ndi kuphwanya mphamvu ya thupi yogwiritsira ntchito shuga kapena, ndendende, shuga - gulu lochokera ku gulu la mashuga osavuta lomwe limakhala gwero lamphamvu lamankhwala ambiri. Kuchepa kumeneku kumakhudzana kwambiri ndi vuto lina - kuchepa kwa ntchito ya insulin ya mahomoni, yomwe imalimbikitsa kuyamwa kwa shuga.

Matenda a shuga amakhalanso m'magulu awiri. Pamaso pa matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba, kapamba amasiya kutulutsa insulini, ndipo amangosowa m'thupi. Ndipo chifukwa chosowa insulini, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kulibe chilichonse chowongolera, ndipo kumawonjezera nthawi zonse.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, palibe insulini m'magazi, koma maselo amakana kuyanjana nawo pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana.

Zotsatira zake zonse ziwiri ndizofanana. Shuga lopanda mwini, mmalo mwake kulowa m'maselo, limatsalira m'magazi, limayamba kutseka thupi, limayikidwa mu minofu momwe limapangidwira, ndipo limayambitsa kukanika kwa ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za mthupi.

Matenda a shuga a Type 1 ndi matenda osowa kwambiri. Matenda ofanana ndi shuga amapezeka pafupifupi 10% ya odwala. Matenda a shuga 1 amayamba msanga ndipo nthawi zambiri amabweretsa zovuta. Mtunduwu wa shuga umapezeka kwambiri mwa odwala achichepere (mpaka zaka 30) ndi ana.

Matenda a 2 a shuga ndi matenda ofala kwambiri. 90% ya anthu odwala matenda ashuga ali ndi matenda amtunduwu. Type 2 shuga mellitus nthawi zambiri amakula pang'onopang'ono zaka zingapo. Komabe, ndi mtundu wamtunduwu wa shuga, kutsimikizika kwa matendawa kumatchulidwa kwambiri, chifukwa nthawi zambiri munthu samasamala za kuwonongeka kwa vuto lakelo, nati zonse zimachitika chifukwa cha zinthu zina zakunja. Milingo yokwezeka ya shuga imatha kupezeka mwamwayi panthawi yoyeserera. Chifukwa chake, mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga ungayambitsenso zovuta zina.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya matenda ashuga komanso njira yochizira. Pankhani ya matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba, njira yokhayo yolimbikitsira shuga m'magazi ndi kudzera mu jakisoni wa insulin. Njira yothandizira yamankhwala ndi chakudya chochokera pakuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga. Komabe, mtundu 1 wa shuga umawoneka ngati matenda osachiritsika. Ngakhale nthawi zambiri sizimabweretsa imfa ndi chithandizo choyenera.

Njira zochizira matenda ashuga a 2 ndizosiyanasiyana. Izi zimaphatikizapo chithandizo chamankhwala, masewera olimbitsa thupi kuti muchepetse thupi, komanso mankhwala ochepetsa shuga. Ndi matenda a mtundu 2, insulin imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha masoka oopsa. Matenda a 2 a shuga amakhalanso osachiritsika. Komabe, pa nthawi yake komanso chithandizo choyenera, nthawi zambiri zimapereka zotsatira mu mawonekedwe a shuga komanso zimachedwetsa kukula kwa matendawa pamlingo wokhutitsidwa.

Momwe shuga imachepetsa mphamvu ndi luso la munthu kugwira ntchito

Kodi matenda ashuga amapereka ufulu kwa odwala kuti alandire munthu wopunduka? Kuti mudziwe, muyenera kudziwa kaye chomwe chimayambitsa matenda. Izi zokha sizokwanira kuchuluka kwa shuga, koma zovuta za matendawa. Ndikovuta kwambiri kutchula zovuta zonse zomwe shuga limapereka. Palibe ziwalo zomwe sangachite. Choyamba, ndi:

Chachikulu mavuto kwa odwala matenda ashuga:

retinopathy (kuwonongeka kwa retina),
matenda a mtima
matenda oopsa
encephalopathy (kuwonongeka kwa minofu ya muubongo),
neuropathy (kukomoka kwa mitsempha),
Micro- ndi macroangiopathy (kuwonongeka kwa mtima).

Zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha matenda ashuga:

matenda a shuga (hypo- ndi hyperglycemic),
khungu
dementia
kupuwala kapena paresis,
mikwingwirima
kugunda kwamtima ndi mtima
aakulu aimpso kulephera
zilonda ndi necrosis ya miyendo, zikubweretsa kudzicheka.

Magawo a shuga

Pali magawo atatu a zovuta zam shuga. Mu gawo loyamba, shuga wamagazi saposa 8 mmol / L. Palibe matupi a ketone m'magazi ndi mkodzo, ndipo glucosuria samawonedwa. Pakadali pano, munthu sangakhale wolumala, ngakhale gulu lachitatu.

Matenda a 2 a shuga amadziwika ndi shuga m'magazi a 8-15 mmol / L. Odwala odwala matenda ashuga, zizindikiro monga:

shuga mkodzo
kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe chifukwa cha retinopathy,
matenda aimpso (nephropathy),
mantha dongosolo (neuropathy),
angiopathy.

Zonsezi zimapereka zotsatira monga kuphwanya mphamvu ya munthu yogwira ntchito komanso kuthekera kwake kusuntha. Kuthekera kwakuti wodwala alandire kulemala kwa magulu osachepera atatu ndiokwera kwambiri.

Gawo lovuta limakhazikika pamene shuga m'magazi apitirira 15 mmol / L. Mu mkodzo ndi magazi, kuchuluka kwamatumbo a ketone kulembedwa. Maso ndi impso zimakhudzidwa kwambiri, mpaka kulephera kwathunthu, ndipo miyendo imakutidwa ndi zilonda. Matenda amtundu uliwonse amatha. Odwala a shuga amalephera kugwira ntchito, kusuntha pawokha ndikusamalira okha. Pakadali pano, wodwala azilandira magulu a 1 kapena osachepera awiri.

Zomwe muyenera kuchita kuti mukhale ndi zilema

Chifukwa chake, ndi matenda a shuga, kulumala ndikotheka. Molondola, kuphatikiza kwa shuga komanso zovuta zingapo.

Komabe, kulumala ndi matenda a shuga kumachitika pokhapokha pena paliponse. Choyamba, chifukwa cha ichi ndikofunikira kupita kwa dokotala kuti athe kukayesa wodwala ndikupereka mayeso opita kuchipatala ndi mayeso a anthu (ITU). Mutha kupemphanso zomwezo kwa akatswiri azachipatala wamba kuchipatala. Commission yomwe imayesa mayeso azachipatala ndi azachipani imakhala ndi madotolo oyenerera. Ndi iye yekha amene ali ndi ulamuliro wopereka malingaliro othandiza kuzindikira kuti munthu ndi wolumala ndi kusankha gulu lomwe wolumala ayenera kupatsidwa.

Pamene dokotala ayenera kupereka wodwala kuti apite ku ITU:

ngati pali gawo la kubwezeretsa shuga,
ngati pali ziwalo zamkati - mtima, nephropathy, angiopathy, neuropathy ndi encephalopathy,
ngati zochitika za hypoglycemia ndi ketoacidosis zimachitika kawirikawiri,
ngati matendawa amafunikira chida chogwira ntchito kwambiri kapena waluso.

Zofunika kusanthula ndi kufufuza za ITU:

kuyezetsa magazi konse
kusala kudya kwa magazi,
glucose katundu mayeso
kuyezetsa magazi kwa cholesterol, creatinine, hemoglobin, urea, acetone, matupi a ketone,
glycated hemoglobin test,
urinalysis
ECG
Ultrasound wamtima,
Kufufuza ndi maso
kuyesedwa ndi katswiri wamitsempha
kufufuza kwa dokotala
kuyesedwa ndi urologist.

Ngati maluso a machitidwe ena a thupi apezeka, kulumikizidwa kwa mayeso ena owonjezera kungaperekedwe:

ndi nephropathy - kuyesa kwa Zimnitsky-Reberg,
ndi encephalopathy - EEG,
ndi diabetesic phazi matenda - dopplerografia ziwiya am'munsi malekezero.

Komanso, MRI, CT ndi radiology ya ziwalo zosiyanasiyana, kuwunika tsiku ndi tsiku kukakamiza ndi zochita zamtima nthawi zambiri kumaloledwa.

Kugonekedwa kuchipatala kungafunike kuti mumupime mokwanira.

Zolemba zotsatirazi ziyenera kuperekedwa ku ITU:

kukopera ndi chiphaso choyambirira,
kuchotsedwa kwa dokotala
mawu oleza mtima
kuphatikiza pa chithandizo chakunja kapena kwachipatala,
Maganizo a akatswiri othandiza odwala
mbiri yodwala
koperani ndi choyambirira cha buku la ntchito,
Kufotokozera zamikhalidwe yogwira ntchito kuchokera kumalo antchito.

Ngati kubwerezanso kumachitika, ndiye kuti setifiketi ya omwe sanakhazikike pantchito ndi khadi yokonzanso ikufunika.

Zotsatira zake, wodwalayo angadalire zabwino za matenda ashuga. Kodi ndingapeze gulu liti? Chilichonse - zimatengera kuopsa kwa matendawa.

Ngati munthu ali ndi vuto la matenda ashuga, ndiye kuti ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa kamodzi pazaka ziwiri zilizonse chifukwa cha kulumala kwa gulu 1. Pa madigiri a 2 ndi 3 akuyenera kuchita izi chaka chilichonse. Mwa ana, kuyambiranso kumachitika atakula.

Wodwala akapatsidwa gulu la olumala chifukwa cha matenda ashuga, amayenera kutsatira dongosolo lothandizira odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Amayamba kuchitapo kanthu kuyambira pomwe adzalandire ngati ali ndi chilema mpaka pomwe adzamuyambiranso.

Ngati dotolo wakana kukana kuperekanso ku ITU, ndiye kuti wodwalayo ali ndi ufulu wolumikizana ndi komitiyi mwachindunji.

Njira Zakulembetsera Matenda A shuga

Malinga ndi malamulo aposachedwa aku Russia, kulumala kumaperekedwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kuchepa kwa ntchito zina za thupi osachepera 40%. Kapena pali kuphatikiza kwa matenda angapo omwe amachepetsa magwiridwe antchito a machitidwe ena amthupi ndi oposa 10%. Kodi izi kapena gulu lolumala lingaperekedwe liti?

Gulu loyamba

Gulu loyamba la olumala m'matenda a shuga nthawi zambiri limaperekedwa kwa anthu omwe sangathe kudzipenda pawokha kapena kudzisamalira. Mwachitsanzo, iwo omwe adasiya kuwona kapena miyendo chifukwa cha matenda ashuga.

Makamaka, pankhani zachipatala, gulu loyamba la olumala limaperekedwa kwa anthu:

ndi mtundu wa retinopathy, womwe umapangitsa khungu limodzi kapena onse awiri,
ndi neuropathy yayikulu kwambiri,
kukanika kwambiri kwa chapakati mantha dongosolo (kulephera kugwira ntchito za manja anu mwakufuna kwanu, minyewa yolumikizana),
matenda oopsa a mtima (3)
ndimatenda amisala kapena nzeru zamavuto zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha encephalopathy,
ndi matenda ashuga a nephropathy, olemedwa ndi matenda omwe amadza chifukwa cha matenda a impso,
kukumana pafupipafupi hypoglycemic chikomokere,
ndi zovuta za matenda ashuga, monga phazi la Charcot ndi mitundu ina yayikulu ya angiopathy, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale pang'onopang'ono komanso kuduladula malekezero.

Njira zina zofunika kuti pakhale gulu limodzi la olumala:

kulephera kudzipangira,
kuthekera kwazoyenda pawokha,
kusakhoza kuyankhula,
kuthekera kwakudziyang'ana,
kulephera kuwongolera machitidwe awo.

Anthu oterewa nthawi zambiri amakhala gulu la olumala. Matenda a shuga, mwatsoka, amatha kubweretsa zotsatirapo zomvetsa chisoni ngati izi.

Gulu lachiwiri

Kodi digiri 2 imaperekedwa liti? Palinso njira zina pankhaniyi.

Gulu 2 limaperekedwa, choyamba, ndi magawo awiri a retinopathy. Izi zikutanthauza kukhalapo kwa venous and intraretinal microangiopathies, glaucoma, preretinal hemorrhages.

Komanso, chizindikiritso chodwala 2 digiri ya kukomoka ndi matenda a shuga. Komabe, mkhalidwe wodwala umakhazikika chifukwa cha hemodialysis. Kapenanso wodwalayo amamuchita opaleshoni ya impso.

Zizindikiro zopeza digiri yachiwiri ya kulumala imatchulidwa paresis kapena kuwonongeka kwakumisala kwa chapakati mantha dongosolo, neuropathy ya digiri yachiwiri.

Kuphatikiza apo, payenera kukhala zoletsa pazomwe zimatha kugwira ntchito ndikuyenda. Wodwala sangathe kugwira ntchito, kapena mikhalidwe yapadera ndiyofunikira pantchito. Wodwala amatha kusunthira pawokha, koma mothandizidwa ndi zida zothandizira kapena anthu ena.

Odwala omwe amafunsira digiri yachiwiri akhoza kudzisamalira okha mothandizidwa ndi zida zapadera, kapena anthu ena. Komabe, odwala safuna chisamaliro chokhazikika.

Gulu lachitatu

Ndiosavuta kupeza. Zizindikiro za matendawa zimatha kukhala zofatsa, komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ziwalo ndi kocheperako. Pankhaniyi, wodwalayo amatha kudzipulumutsa yekha mothandizidwa ndi luso. Komabe, luso lake logwira ntchito likuchepa, ndipo sangathenso kugwira ntchito yake yapadera. Wopunduka wa degree 3 amatha kugwira ntchito komwe pamafunika luso lochulukirapo komanso zipatso.

Kulephera kwa Matenda a Ana

Matenda a shuga a Type 1 ndi matenda omwe amadziwonekera makamaka ali aang'ono. Nthawi zambiri ana ake amadwala. Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga amtunduwu zimatha kukhala matenda oyamba ndi ma virus omwe amakhudza kapamba - rubella, matenda a enterovirus. Nthawi zambiri matenda amtunduwu amapezekanso chifukwa cha njira za autoimmune.

Ana omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 shuga nawonso amapatsidwa zilema ndi zina zomwe amapeza. Kupatula apo, ana oterowo amafunikira chisamaliro chokhazikika ndi chisamaliro kuchokera kwa akuluakulu. Ali aang'ono, kulumala kumaperekedwa popanda kudziwa kukula kwake. Mwana akafika zaka 14, udindo wa munthu wolumala umatha kukulitsidwa kapena kudzipatula. Zimatengera momwe zovuta za shuga zimachepetsa munthu kuchita kapena kuphunzira kwathunthu.

Kuti mwana akhale ndi vuto la matenda ashuga amtundu 1, makolo ake kapena omwe amawasamalira ayenera kulumikizana ndi dokotala wa ana.

Potumiza mayeso azachipatala ndi azikhalidwe, zilembo zotsatirazi ziyenera kutumizidwa:

pasipoti (ya achinyamata azaka zopitilira 14),
satifiketi yakubadwa (kwa ana ochepera zaka 14),
mawu a makolo (woimira mwana),
kutumiza kwaana
khadi lapaulendo
zotsatira za kafukufuku
Makhalidwe ochokera kumalo ophunzirira (ngati mwana aphunzirira).

Kodi kulumala komwe kungayambike kungawunikenso?

Inde, ngati pakubwereza kotsatira kwapezeka kuti mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo wayenda bwino, ndiye kuti gululi lingachotsedwe kapena kusinthidwa kukhala lopepuka. Kuunikira momwe zinthu ziliri kumachitika pofufuza momwe wodwalayo akuwonera ndikuwunika.

Zolumala zitha kuunikidwanso ngati wodwala satsata dongosolo lokonzanso lomwe adamupangira.

Zachidziwikire, nthawi zotsutsana zimachitika - mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo udakulirakulira, ndipo kuchuluka kwake kwa kulumala kudasinthidwa kukhala kwakukulirapo.

Zopindulitsa

Ngati wodwala wapatsidwa digiri yachitatu ya kulumala, ndiye kuti ali ndi ufulu kukana kusintha kwa usiku, maulendo ataliatali a bizinesi ndi magawo antchito osagwirizana. Wodwala yemwe wapezeka ndi matenda a shuga amamugwira ntchito m'makampani owopsa, ntchito zomwe zimafunikira chidwi (mwachitsanzo, woyendetsa kapena wogulitsa)

Kuletsa kwina kumalumikizidwa ndi kufooka kwa ziwalo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati wodwala akudwala matenda a shuga, ndiye kuti ayenera kusiya ntchito, ndipo ngati ali ndi vuto loona, kuchokera kuntchito yokhudzana ndi vuto la maso. Digiri yoyamba imatanthawuza kulumala kwathunthu kwa wodwala.

Komanso, kwa wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ndipo wakumana ndi zovuta, maubwino angapo amayikidwa:

zabwino zogulira mankhwala ochepetsa shuga, ogwiritsa ntchito poyang'anira shuga,
chisamaliro chaulere chamankhwala
mwayi wapamtunda,
ndalama zothandizira
chithandizo cha spa.

Kuchuluka kwa zothandizira zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa munthu wolumala kumakhazikitsidwa malinga ndi malamulo malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa kulumala.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya zolipira - inshuwaransi komanso chikhalidwe. Penshoni ya inshuwaransi imalipidwa ngati nzika yadutsa bwino ITU ndipo yapatsidwa mwayi wopunduka. Komanso, nzika yodwala iyenera kukhala ndi nthawi yayitali yogwirira ntchito. Kukula kwa penshoni kumatengera ndi anthu angati omwe agwira ntchito komanso kuchuluka kwa zomwe achotsera ndalama ku thumba la penshoni. Komanso kukula kwa zolipira kumadalira kuchuluka kwa omwe amadalira banja la munthu wolumala.

Pension limaperekedwa kwa okhawo omwe ali ndi zilema, omwe sazindikira. Ndalama zoperekedwa zimaperekedwa kwa nzika za Russian Federation zokha zomwe zimakhala mdziko muno.

Kwa 2018, olumala omwe ali ndi digiri yoyamba amalandila ndalama zapenshoni 10,000, ndipo ana olumala amalandira ma ruble 12,000. Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kulumikizidwa kwa digiri ya 2 kuyambira paubwana amafanana ndi olumala omwe ali ndi digiri yoyamba, ndipo anthu olumala omwe ali ndi gulu limodzi kuyambira ali mwana amapitilizabe kulandira penshoni yomwe ili yoyenera kwa ana olumala.

Boma limapereka chithandizo chokwanira kwa ana omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba. Ayenera:

penshoni, popeza m'modzi wa makolo ayenera kusamalira mwana wodwala nthawi zonse, ndipo sangathe kugwira ntchito chifukwa cha izi,
kuyenda kwaulere ndi zoyendera pagulu la mzinda, kupatula taxi (ndi olera kapena makolo),
50% kuchotsera paulendo pamaulendo a sitima ndi ndege,
Ulendo waulere kupita kuchipatala,
mwayi wowunika ndi kulandira chithandizo,
nsapato zaulere zamafungo,
zabwino zothandiza,
Kulandila mwadala ndalama zowunikira kuchuluka kwa shuga, syringes ndi insulin,
maulendo omasuka kupita ku ma sanatoriums.

Kukonzekera mwapadera komanso njira zowonetsera kwawo zimaperekedwa m'mafakitala a boma, muyezo wowerengeredwa mwezi wogwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mankhwala omwe amatha kupezeka kwaulere kwa anthu olumala chifukwa cha matenda ashuga:

Kulemala kudalira zovuta za matenda ashuga

Kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga sikuli koyenera kukhala wolumala komanso zoletsa zantchito. Munthu sangakhale ndi gawo lovutitsitsa la matendawo.

Zowona, izi sizinganenedwe za mtundu wake woyamba - anthu omwe amapezeka ndi omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi jakisoni wa insulin moyo wonse, ndipo izi palokha zimayambitsa zovuta zina. Koma, kachiwiri, iye yekhayo samakhala chowiringula kuti akhale wolumala.

Amayamba chifukwa cha zovuta:

Zophwanya zapakati pa magwiridwe antchito ndi ziwalo, ngati zimabweretsa zovuta pantchito kapena kudzichitira nokha ntchito,
Kulephera komwe kumabweretsa kutsika kwa ziyeneretso za munthu kuntchito kapena kuchepa kwa zokolola zawo
Kulephera kuchita ntchito wamba zapakhomo, kusowa kwakanthawi kapena kosowa thandizo kwa achibale kapena akunja,
Gawo lachiwiri kapena lachitatu la retinopathy,
Neuropathy, yomwe idatsogolera ku ataxia kapena ziwalo,
Mavuto amisala
Encephalopathy
Matenda a matenda ashuga odwala matenda am'mimba, gangren, angiopathy,
Kulephera kwakukulu kwaimpso.

Ngati chikomokere chimawonedwa mobwerezabwereza chomwe chimayambitsa machitidwe a hypoglycemic, mfundoyi ikhoza kukhalanso chifukwa chabwino.

Magawo a shuga

Kulephera kwamkaka kumatha kuchitika kwambiri.

Ngati retinopathy ilipo, ndipo zatsogolera kale khungu m'maso onse, munthu ali ndi ufulu gulu loyamba, lomwe limapereka chomasulidwa kwathunthu kuntchito. Mlingo woyamba, kapena wocheperako wa matenda amtunduwu umapereka kwa gulu lachiwiri. Kulephera kwa mtima kuyeneranso kukhala kwachiwiri kapena kachitatu zovuta.

Ngati zovuta zonse zikungoyamba kuwonekera, mutha kupeza gulu lachitatu, lomwe limapereka ntchito yanthawi yayitali.

Ntchito zotsutsana ndi matenda ashuga

Anthu odwala matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin amayenera kusamalira mosamala ntchito yomwe adzagwire. Tiyenera kupewa:

Ntchito yakuthupi pamavuto - monga, mufakitale kapena fakitale, komwe muyenera kuyimirira ndi mapazi anu kapena kukhala nthawi yayitali,
Kusintha kwa usiku. Mavuto ogona sangapindulitse wina aliyense, kupatula matenda opweteka omwe amaperekedwa,
Nyengo zovuta
Mafakitale omwe amagwira ntchito limodzi ndi zinthu zoopsa komanso zovulaza,
Zovuta zamanjenje.

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga saloledwa kuyenda maulendo atabizinesi, kapena kugwira ntchito yosasinthika. Ngati ntchito zamaganizidwe zimafunikira nkhawa yayitali komanso yamanjenje - muyenera kuyisiya.

Monga mukudziwa, matenda amtundu 1 amadalira insulin, choncho muyenera kumwa mankhwalawa pafupipafupi. Pankhaniyi, ntchito yolumikizidwa ndi chidwi chochulukirapo ndikuyankha mwachangu, kapena koopsa, kukupatsirani.

Ubwino wa shuga wodalira insulin

Mtundu wa 1 wodwala matenda ashuga omwe walandila gulu limodzi kapena linzake lolumala ali ndi ufulu osati chololeza china kuchokera kuboma, komanso chiphaso chamagulu, chomwe chimaphatikizapo:

Ulendo waulere m'mitima yamagetsi (mtawuni),
Mankhwala aulere amafunikira
Chithandizo chaulere mu sanatorium.

Komanso pali zotsatirazi:

Kuchotsedwa pa ntchito yaboma pakuchita nawo ntchito,
Masiku 30 amachoka chaka chilichonse
Kuchepetsa maola ogwirira ntchito sabata iliyonse,
Tchuthi mwanjira zanu mpaka masiku 60 pachaka,
Kuvomerezedwa ku mayunivesite chifukwa cha mpikisano,
Kuthekera kolipira misonkho,
Ntchito yodabwitsa m'mabungwe osiyanasiyana.

Komanso, anthu olumala amapatsidwa kuchotsera msonkho nyumba kapena nyumba.

Momwe mungapezere gulu loyimira matenda a shuga 1

Udindo uwu umaperekedwa kukayezetsa pawokha pazachipatala ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu - ITU. Musanakumane ndi bungwe ili, muyenera kutsimikizira kupezeka kwa zovuta.

Izi zitha kuchitika pochita izi:

Zidandaula kwa akatswiri azachipatala omwe angakukonzekeretseni, mutatha kuyesa mayeso onse ndikudutsa mayeso, mawonekedwe omaliza azachipatala a ITU,
Kudzipangira nokha - mwayi woterewu ulinso, mwachitsanzo, ngati dokotala akukana kuthana nanu. Mutha kutumiza pempho panokha komanso osapezeka,
Kupeza chilolezo kudzera khothi.

Chisankho chisanachitike - chabwino kapena chosayenera - muyenera:

Pimani kuyesedwa kwa ultrasound - impso, mtima, mitsempha yamagazi,
Yesani kukana kwa glucose,
Patsani mkodzo wapakati komanso kuyezetsa magazi.

Mungafunike kupita kuchipatala kwakanthawi, kapena kukaonana ndi katswiri wopapatiza - mwachitsanzo, wamisala, urologist, ophthalmologist, kapena mtima.

Onetsetsani kuti mukupimidwa pafupipafupi, kuyeza shuga ndi glucometer, yesani kudya moyenera komanso kupewa kukhala phee.

Dongosolo la portal sikuti limalimbikitsa kuti musamadzichiritse nokha, ndipo pazoyambitsa matendawa, akukulangizani kuti mukaonane ndi dokotala. Tsamba lathu limakhala ndi madokotala aluso kwambiri, omwe mungapange nthawi yokumana pa intaneti kapena pafoni. Mutha kusankha dokotala woyenera nokha kapena tidzakusankhirani inu mwamtheradi zaulere. Komanso pokhapokha pojambula kudzera mwa ife, Mtengo wakufunsira udzakhala wotsika kuposa chipatala chomwecho. Izi ndi mphatso yathu yaying'ono kwa alendo athu. Khalani athanzi!

Kulephera mu ana

Ana onse odwala matenda a shuga amapezeka kuti ali ndi vuto popanda gulu linalake. Akakwanitsa zaka zakubadwa (nthawi zambiri amakhala wamkulu), mwana ayenera kupita kukatsutsidwa ndi akatswiri, omwe amasankha zochita zina pagulupo. Malinga kuti wodwalayo sakadwala kwambiri, amakhala wathanzi ndipo amaphunzitsidwa kuwerengetsa mankhwala a insulin, kulumala ndi matenda a shuga 1 amachotsedwa.

Mwana wodwala wokhala ndi mtundu wina wodwala matenda a shuga amadziwika kuti ndi "mwana wolumala". Kuphatikiza pa khadi lapaulendo ndi zotsatira zakusaka, pakulembetsa kwake muyenera kupereka satifiketi yobadwa ndi chikalata cha m'modzi wa makolo.

Polembetseratu kulemala pakukafika zaka zambiri za mwana, zinthu zitatu ndizofunikira:

kulimbitsa thupi kosalekeza, kotsimikizika ndi makina ogwiritsa ntchito,
polekezera kapena pang'ono malire a kuthekera kwa kugwira ntchito, kucheza ndi anthu ena, kudzipereka tokha ndikumayang'ana zomwe zikuchitika,
kufunikira kwa chisamaliro chachitukuko ndikukonzanso (kukonzanso).

Zolemba pa Ntchito

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi gulu loyamba la olumala sangathe kugwira ntchito, chifukwa ali ndi zovuta zambiri zamatendawa komanso mavuto akulu azaumoyo. Amadalira kwathunthu anthu ena ndipo sangathe kudzithandiza okha, chifukwa chake, palibe zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pankhaniyi.

Odwala omwe ali ndi gulu lachiwiri ndi lachitatu amatha kugwira ntchito, koma nthawi yomweyo, magwiridwe antchito ayenera kusinthidwa ndikuyenera kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Odwala amaletsedwa:

gwiritsani ntchito kosinthana kwa usiku ndikukhala nthawi yowonjezera
gwira ntchito m'mabizinesi komwe amachotsa mankhwala oopsa komanso amwano.
kugwira ntchito molimbika,
pitani pamaulendo azamalonda.

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga sayenera kukhala m'malo omwe amakhudzana ndi kupsinjika kwa m'maganizo. Atha kugwira ntchito zamagulu anzeru kapena kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mopepuka, koma ndikofunikira kuti munthu asamagwire ntchito mopitirira muyeso komanso asakonze mopitilira muyeso. Odwala sangathe kugwira ntchito yomwe imayika moyo wawo kapena wa ena pachiwopsezo. Izi ndichifukwa chakufunika kwa jakisoni wa insulini komanso kuthekera kwa thebulo la zovuta zopezeka mwadzidzidzi za zovuta za matenda a shuga (mwachitsanzo hypoglycemia).

Kulephera ndi matenda a shuga 1 sikuti ndi sentensi, koma,, chitetezo chamtundu wa wodwala ndi thandizo lochokera ku boma. Mukadutsa ntchito, ndikofunikira kuti musabise chilichonse, koma kuwuza madokotala moona mtima za zomwe akuchita. Kutengera mayeso oyendera ndi zotsatira za mayeso, akatswiri amatha kupanga chisankho cholondola ndikukhazikitsa gulu lolumala lomwe limadalira pamenepa.

Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mukhale ndi matenda ashuga

Ngati mwapezeka ndi matenda ashuga, funso limadzuka nthawi yomweyo, ndipo matenda a shuga ndi olumala, amalumala mu mtundu 2 wa shuga kapena mtundu wa insulin wodalira 1. Ngakhale matendawa angamveke kukhala owopsa, komanso ndi mtundu wanji wa matenda ashuga, izi sizipereka gulu la opuwala. Poyerekeza ndi maziko a matenda am'thupi m'thupi, kukula kwa mawonekedwe owonekera kumachitika, komwe kumaphatikizapo kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito ofunikira a ziwalo ndi machitidwe. Ndizodwala zomwe zimayambitsa kulumala, zomwe zingakhale maziko omwe odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga azikhala nawo.

Kulephera ndi matenda a shuga a 2 kungaperekedwe, komabe, mfundo zotsatirazi zimayang'aniridwa:

mtundu wa matenda ashuga
zovuta - pali magawo angapo, owonetsedwa ndi kukhalapo, kusaperekera kubwezeretsa kwa glucose, munthawi yomweyo kuganizira zovuta zomwe zilipo,
kukhalapo kwa matenda - concomitant pathologies kumawonjezera mwayi wolumala,
pali zoletsa kuyenda, kulumikizana, kugwira ntchito popanda thandizo, magwiridwe.

Kuwunika kukula kwa matendawa

Kuti apatsidwe kulemala kwa matenda ashuga, mbiri ya wodwala iyenera kukhala ndi zizindikiro zina.
Pali magawo atatu a shuga.

Fomu yakuwala - pakadali pano, malo omwe wodwalayo amakhala ndi kalembedwe, ngati kuli kotheka kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa glycemic posintha zakudya. Palibe matupi a acetone mkodzo, mulibe magazi, glucose othamanga ali ndi mulingo wofika 7.6 mmol / l, mulibe shuga mkodzo. Mitsempha yamagazi, impso, dongosolo lamanjenje lama fomu 1 limatha kukhudzidwa. Nthawi zambiri gawo ili m'malo osowa kwambiri limapangitsa kuti ikhale yolumala. Wodwala matenda ashuga amakhala wolemala pantchito, pomwe amatha kupitiriza kugwira ntchito kudera lina.
Pakatikati - wodwalayo amafuna chithandizo cha tsiku ndi tsiku, kuwonjezeka kwa glucose mpaka 13.8 mol / l ndikotheka pamimba yopanda kanthu, kuwonongeka kwa retina, dongosolo lamanjenje, ndi impso za magawo awiri amawonedwa. Palibe mbiri ya com ndi prek. Odwala oterowo amakumana ndi zovuta zina pamoyo komanso ntchito.
Gawo lolimbitsa - lojambulidwa, ndi index ya sukari yopitilira 14, 1 mmol / l, kuwonongeka kwaubwino pakubwera kwanu ndikotheka chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe zasankhidwa, pali zovuta zina. Kuopsa kwa zovuta zam'magazi mu ziwalo zamunthu kumakhala ndizokhazikika. Odwala sangathe kudzipulumutsa okha, gulu limapangidwa ndi iwo.

Kuphatikiza pamagulu omwe akuwunenedwa, pali mwayi wapadera kwa anthu omwe amafunikira maubwino - awa ndi ana omwe amadalira insulin omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1. Ana apadera amafunikira chisamaliro chochuluka kuchokera kwa kholo, chifukwa samatha kulipiritsa shuga. Kuphatikiza apo, kulumala kwa mtundu woyamba wa shuga kumatha kuthandizidwanso ndi khomalo mwana akafika zaka 14. Kulemala kudzathetsedwa ngati zitsimikiziridwa kuti mwana amatha kudzisamalira.

Poyesa moyo wa odwala malinga ndi njira zomwe zilipo, madokotala amapatsa olumala aliyense payekhapayekha.

Kafukufuku wolemba zolemba mu MSEC

Kuti mumvetsetse ngati kulumala kwa matenda ashuga kuli koyenera, wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kudutsa njira zingapo.

Poyamba, kukadandaula kwa dotolo waku chigawo amafunika kuti apititse ku MSEC kuti akamupima mayeso.
Mndandanda wa zifukwa zomwe zimathandizira kupeza kulumala.

Kubwezera kwa matenda a shuga osagwiritsa ntchito njira zabwino zobwezeretsa.
Kukula kwambiri kwa matendawa.
Matenda a hypoglycemia, ketoacidotic chikomokere.
Kupezeka kwa kusintha kwa ntchito ya ziwalo zamkati.
Kufunika kwa upangiri pankhani yantchito kuti asinthe mikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe.

Nthawi zambiri, odwala matenda ashuga amapatsidwa mayeso:

kuyezetsa magazi konse
kuyeza shuga m'mawa komanso tsiku lonse,
kusanthula kwa zamankhwala amodzi, kuwonetsa gawo la kubwezeretsedwako - glycosylated hemoglobin, creatinine, urea m'magazi,
kuyeza mgwirizano wa cholesterol,
kusanthula kwa mkodzo
kudziwa shuga, mapuloteni, ma acetone mu mkodzo,
santhula mkodzo malinga ndi Zimnitsky, ngati pali kuphwanya impso.
do electrocardiography, kusanthula tsiku ndi tsiku kwa ECG, kuthamanga kwa magazi kuti aunike mtima wake,
EEG, kusanthula kwa ziwiya zaubongo chifukwa cha mapangidwe a matenda a shuga.

Kuti alembetse kulemala, wodwalayo amayesedwa ndi madokotala oyandikana nawo.

Ndi kusokonezeka kwakukulu kwa magwiridwe antchito ya luntha, machitidwe ndi chifukwa chofufuzira cholinga cha kuyesa-kuyendera komanso kuyendera katswiri wazamisala.

ITU imasanthula zolembedwazo, zimasanthula, ndikuganiza ngati gululi lapatsidwa kwa wodwala kapena ayi.
Mndandanda wamakalata.

Pasipoti - kukopera, choyambirira.
Kuwongolera, mawu kwa MSEC.
Buku la antchito - kukopera, choyambirira.
Mapeto a Dokotala ndi kusanthula kofunikira komwe kuli.
Mapeto a adotolo adadutsa.
Khadi lakunja la wodwalayo.

Wodwala akapatsidwa gulu, ndiye kuti madokotala a akatswiri odziwa zamankhwala ndi akatswiri amapanga pulogalamu yapadera yothandizira wodwalayo. Zochita zake zimayambira kuyambira pomwe amapatsidwa nthawi yopuma pantchito mpaka kukayambiranso.

Gulu loyamba limafunikira chitsimikiziro pambuyo pa zaka 2, ngati pali zovuta zazikulu mu fomu yodwala, penshoniyo imaperekedwa mpaka kalekale.

Ngati vuto la matenda ashuga likukula - encephalopathy ikayamba, khungu limayamba, ndiye kuti amatumizidwa ndi adotolo kuti akamuwunikenso kuti awonjezere gululo.

Mwana akamayesedwa, kulumala kumaperekedwa kwa nthawi zosiyanasiyana.

Mosasamala kanthu za chifukwa chokhazikitsira mkhalidwe wolephera kugwira ntchito, wodwalayo amadalira chithandizo cha boma ndi mapindu ake.
Anthu odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuthandizidwa kamodzi pachaka kwaulere. Dokotala wopezekapo amalemba mankhwala a mankhwala ofunikira, insulin, ngati mankhwala a insulin adachitidwa. Ubweya wa thonje waulere, ma syringe, ma bandeji.

Mndandanda wamankhwala omwe amaperekedwa kwa odwala matenda ashuga kwaulere.