Matenda a shuga ndi chilichonse chokhudza izi

Mu shuga mellitus wokhala ndi glucose wosakhazikika, amathandizanso odwala matenda ashuga. Matendawa amadziwika ndi kuyendetsa ma mandala pang'onopang'ono ndi kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe. Pamene matenda atanyalanyazidwa, khungu lathunthu limachitika.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa

Kuphatikiza kwa matenda ashuga ndi amphaka ndi zochitika zodziwika. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, kufalikira kwa mandala kumbuyo kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga kumachitika m'zaka khumi zilizonse.

Madokotala amatulutsa mitundu iwiri yamatenda a shuga:

1. Metabolic, kapena wodwala weniweni. Mtunduwu umayambika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chakudya m'thupi mu shuga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwamitsempha yamaaso ndi ziwalo zina.
2. Senile kapena senile. Mtunduwu umakula chifukwa cha kusintha kwachilengedwe komwe kumachitika mwa anthu, kuphatikiza odwala matenda ashuga. Kusintha kumagwirizana ndi zaka, koma osati matenda ashuga.

Limagwirira a chitukuko cha matenda a shuga chikugwirizana ndi kwambiri shuga ndi insulin kuchepa. Kuphwanya carbohydrate kagayidwe kumayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa microcirculation, kuchuluka kwa fragility kwamitsempha yamagazi, kudzikundikira kwa zinthu zowola. Kusintha kumeneku kumayambitsa matendawo kuwonekera.

Matenda a matenda ashuga amawonetsedwa ndi zizindikiro zakufa kwa mandimu, pokhapokha pali zochitika zina zachitukuko - chizolowezi cha kupita patsogolo kwa matenda. Mawonekedwe amankhwala amaphatikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwa mawonekedwe a mandala amdiso, kusokonekera kwa kuwala kwa kuwala.

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga:

• Maso owoneka bwino, mawonekedwe a chotchinga choyera pamaso pa maso.
• masomphenya osalala
• maonekedwe akuda bii, malo owoneka bwino pamaso,
• zovuta zamagetsi akamagwiritsa ntchito zazing'ono,
• kupotoza,
• masomphenya apawiri
• kuchuluka kwa zithunzi,
• wophunzirayo amakhala wazungu.

Njira zoyesera

Kuzindikira kwa matenda amitsempha ya matenda ashuga kumaphatikizapo kuwunika kwa kusintha kwa morphological ndi magwiridwe antchito a ocular organ. Kuti muchite izi:

• biomicroscopy (kufufuza kosungirako),
• masekitala (kuwunika kwa maonedwe owoneka),
• zoyipa (kutsimikiza kwamalire ammunda wamawonekedwe),
• kusinthika (kutsimikiza kwa IOP),
• fluorescence angiography kuti ayesere kuyesa.

Mtundu wa matenda ashuga am'matumbo umakhazikitsidwa malinga ndi kutsimikiza kwa endocrinologist wokhudza kukhalapo kwa matenda osokoneza bongo.

Chithandizo cha zovuta za shuga

Matenda a shuga a shuga amayambitsidwa ndi othandizira ndi ophthalmologist ndi endocrinologist. An endocrinologist amachititsa zomwe zimayambitsa, ndipo ophthalmologist amatenga zotsatirapo zake.

Njira yokhayo yochizira matenda ashuga ndikuwachotsa mankhwalawo. Opereshoni imachitidwa malinga ndi zochitika zingapo:

• shuga yolipidwa ndi shuga wokhazikika,
• masomphenya amasungidwa pa 50% kapena kupitirira,
• Palibe zotupa pa retina,
• palibe zombo zatsopano zopangira iris,
• kusowa kwa njira zotupa,
• kusowa kwa contraindication kuchokera ziwalo zina ndi machitidwe.

Ntchito yotchuka ndi FEC ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa IOL. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa phacoemulsification kwa mandala kumachitika mofulumira, popanda kusapeza bwino, nthawi yobwezeretsa mosavuta.

Chinsinsi cha phacoemulsification ndikugawika kwa mandala ndi ultrasound kapena laser to emulsion state. Kenako, emulsion imalakalaka (kuyamwa ndi zida zapadera). Pambuyo pake, mandala okumba, IOL, imayambitsidwa m'maso.

Anthu omwe amakana kulandira opaleshoni amatha prophylactically kugwiritsa ntchito madontho amaso "Catalin", "Katachrom". Amasintha kagayidwe kachakudya, kumachepetsa kudutsa kwa matendawa. Koma matenda amtundu wa shuga sangathe kuchiritsidwa ndi njira zamankhwala kapena wowerengeka.

Njira zopewera

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kukhala ndi 2 r / g kuyesedwa ndi a ophthalmologist. Dokotala azitha kudziwa matenda a matenda adakali koyambirira, zomwe zingathandize pakukula kwa mankhwalawa. Popewa, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito madontho omwe amasintha machitidwe a metabolic.

Chofunikira ndikuwunika kwa endocrinologist, kutsatira malangizo a zakudya, zolimbitsa thupi, mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Shuga wosasunthika ndiye chinsinsi cha kupezeka kwa zovuta za shuga.

Kuchotsa opaleshoni yamatumbo a shuga kumakupatsani mwayi wokonzanso masomphenya anu patatha masiku angapo atachitidwa opareshoni. Pathology iyenera kuzindikirika molawirira ndipo opaleshoni iyenera kuchitidwa, chifukwa matendawa pambuyo pake sakulandira chithandizo cha opaleshoni.

Tikupangira kuwonjezera kuyang'ana chiwembu chokhudza matenda a matenda ashuga:

Gawani nkhaniyo pamasamba ochezera ndipo siyani ndemanga zanu zamatsenga awa. Samalani ndi maonekedwe anu. Zabwino zonse.

Kodi chiwopsezo cha thupi kusuta ndi shuga ndi chiani?

OWERENGA ATHANDIZA!

Pochizira mafupa, owerenga athu adagwiritsa ntchito DiabeNot bwino. Kuwona kutchuka kwa malonda, tidaganiza zoperekera chidwi chanu.

Kusuta fodya komanso matenda amtundu wa 2 ndizovuta zina zomwe sizigwirizana. Nicotine, yemwe amagwera nthawi zonse m'magazi, amakulitsa zovuta zambiri, ndipo kusiya chizolowezi chochita zoipa kumakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pa thanzi lonse la odwala matenda ashuga.

Odwala omwe amasuta amakhala pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda amtima, kuchepetsa mphamvu ya magazi m'magawo otsika. Kuphatikizidwa kwa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 komanso kusuta fodya pang'onopang'ono kumawonjezera chiwopsezo chotenga matenda awa.

Kugwirizana pakati pa kusuta ndi shuga

Nikotini yomwe ilipo m'thupi imapangitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, imathandizira kupanga cortisol, catecholamines. Mofananamo, pali kuchepa kwa chidwi cha glucose, pansi pake.

M'maphunziro azachipatala, zidatsimikizika kuti odwala omwe amamwa ndudu imodzi ndi theka patsiku amakhala ndi matenda a shuga kawiri kuposa kanthawi kuposa omwe sanadalire fodya.

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo a Nikotine ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga, kukhazikika kwa zovuta zingapo (ndi matenda omwe anakhazikitsidwa kale), kupatula kwake, kudziwika bwino kwa odwala kumawonjezereka.

Akuchepetsa mphamvu ya insulin

Kukhudzana ndi utsi wa fodya nthawi zonse, zinthu zomwe zimapezekaponso zimapangitsa kuti pasakhale shuga. Kafukufuku wapeza kuti kupangika kwa chikonga kumawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi matenda ashuga.

Kuwonjezeka kwakanthawi kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumapangitsa kuchepa kwa chidwi cha minofu ndi ziwalo za thupi pakuchita insulin. Mtundu wovuta wa kudalira kwa fodya umabweretsa kusamva pang'ono. Mukakana kugwiritsa ntchito ndudu, kuthekera uku kumabweranso mwachangu.

Kudalira ndudu kumayenderana mwachindunji ndi kupezeka kwa kunenepa kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwamafuta acid omwe akupezeka m'thupi la wodwalayo ndiye gwero lamphamvu lamphamvu minofu yamatenda, yoletsa kupindulitsa kwamphamvu kwa glucose.

Cortisol yotulutsa imalepheretsa insulini yachilengedwe yomwe ilipo m'thupi, ndipo zinthu zomwe zimakhala mu utsi wa fodya zimachepetsa kutuluka kwa magazi kupita ku minofu, ndikupangitsa kuphatikiza kwa oxidative.

Metabolic syndrome

Ndi kuphatikiza kwamavuto osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo:

• Kulekerera kwa shuga m'magazi,
• Mavuto a metabolism,
• Kunenepa kwambiri ndi gawo laling'ono,
• Nthawi zonse kukwezedwa kwa magazi.

Chomwe chimayambitsa metabolic syndrome ndikuphwanya insulin chiwopsezo. Ubwenzi pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito fodya ndi kukana insulin kumayambitsa kusokonekera kwa mitundu yonse mthupi.

Kuchepetsa cholesterol yapamwamba kwambiri mumtsinje wamagazi, kuchuluka kwa ma triglycerides kumapangitsa kuwonjezeka kwambiri kwa thupi.

Zotsatira zodalira nthawi zonse

Kusuta fodya nthawi zonse kumadzetsa mavuto ndipo kumachulukitsa matenda omwe alipo.

1. Albuminuria - imayambitsa kuwoneka kwa kulephera kwa impso chifukwa cha mapuloteni omwe amapezeka mumkodzo.
2. Gangrene - mu mtundu wa matenda ashuga a 2, amadziwonekera kumadera otsika chifukwa cha kuzungulira kwa magazi. Kuchulukitsa kwamitsempha yamagazi, kuchepetsedwa kwa lumen yamitsempha yamagazi kumatha kudulira gawo limodzi kapena miyendo yonse iwiri - chifukwa cha kukula kwa minofu yayikulu ya necrosis.
3. Glaucoma - amawonetsedwa ngati chiwonetsero chaumwini cha kuphatikizika kwa chikonga komanso matenda ashuga. Mitsempha yamagazi yaying'ono ya maso chifukwa cha matenda omwe alipo sakhala bwino ndi kagwiritsidwe kawo. Vuto lodana ndi ziwalo zamasomphenya limabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha. Retina imawonongeka pang'onopang'ono, zombo zatsopano (zosaperekedwa ndi mawonekedwe oyambira) zimamera mu iris, ngalande zamadzi zimasokonekera, ndipo kukakamiza kwazinthu kumakwera.
4. Kusabala - kulephera kugonana kumadziwonetsera motsutsana ndi maziko amtsempha wamagazi opatsirana mpaka ziwalo zogonana mwa mwamunayo.
5. Mphaka ndimatenda osakhazikika, kuperewera kwa mandala amaso kumatha kudwalitsa nthawi iliyonse. Miyezi yambiri ya shuga m'magazi a magazi, kusokonekera kwa magazi mkati mwazomwe ndizomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga.
6. Ketoacidosis - yodziwika ndi mawonekedwe a acetone mu mkodzo. Pakusuta, thupi siligwiritsa ntchito glucose kuti lipangitse kuchepa mphamvu (insulin N imakhudzana ndi kuwonongeka kwake). Ma ketones omwe amapezeka pakukonzekera mafuta (matenda ophatikizika a metabolism amawagwiritsa ntchito ngati maziko a mphamvu ya metabolism) amachititsa poizoni wambiri m'thupi.
7. Neuropathy - imachitika motsutsana ndi kuwonongedwa kwa ziwiya zazing'ono zamagetsi zamagetsi, zomwe zimadziwikanso ndi kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa minyewa yamitsempha yama ziwalo zosiyanasiyana. Neuropathies ndizomwe zimatsogolera pakukula kwa mavuto ndi mphamvu yogwira ntchito, kupeza gulu lolumala, m'malo ovuta, ndikupangitsa kuti wodwalayo afe.
8. Periodontitis ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa chophwanya kagayidwe kachakudya m'thupi, kamene kamayambitsa matenda a mano. Kutayika kwawo kungawonedwe asanafike mtundu wa 2 matenda a shuga. Ndi zowonongeka kale komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi kwa fodya, matendawo amatuluka ndikuwopseza kutayika kwa mano onse omwe alipo.
9. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamikwingwirima - pafupipafupi pakuchepetsa, vasodilation panthawi yakusuta, kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwamakoma a mtima. Makina anu osawerengeka samalimbana ndi kugwira ntchito molimbika, amaswa yokha. Zida zowonongeka mu ubongo zimayambitsa kukula kwa hemorrhagic stroke, ndikutsatira kukoka kwa minofu yake. Ma capillaries omwe amachepetsedwa motsutsana ndi maziko a atherosclerosis yokhazikika panthawi yopuma amachititsa mtundu wamtundu wa ischemic.
10. Endarteritis ndi njira yotseka makoma amitsempha yamagazi yamagazi chifukwa cha kukhudzika kwa zinthu zomwe zili mu utsi wa fodya. Zombo zochepetsedwa kwambiri zimayambitsa vuto la kuperewera kwa minofu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kupweteka komanso khansa.

Kukhazikika kwa zovuta komanso kuthamanga kwa kupezeka kwake zimadalira momwe zilili ndi matenda ashuga, komanso kutengera kwa chibadwa cha mitundu ina yamatenda. Mukamathetsa vuto la kudalira fodya, chiopsezo chachilengedwe chimatsika kangapo.

Kuthetsa mavuto

Kusuta fodya ndi matenda ashuga sizinthu zosagwirizana kwenikweni ndipo zilibe kanthu kuti wodwalayo wakhala akudya fodya zaka zingati. Ngati akukana kudalira kwambiri, mwayi wa wodwalayo wokhala ndi vuto lalikulu, ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa chiyembekezo cha moyo.

Matenda omwe alipo pakali pano a digiri yachiwiri amafunika kuti athetse vuto losokoneza bongo, kusintha kwa moyo. Pali njira zambiri komanso zochitika zambiri zomwe zingathandize munthu yemwe ali ndi vuto lamankhwala. Mwa njira zodziwika bwino ndiosimbidwa:

• Kulemba mothandizidwa ndi narcologist (wokhala ndi izi ndi chiphaso),
• Chithandizo cha phytotherapy,
• Matumba
• Chungamu,
• Inhalers
• Zolemba mitundu ya mankhwala.

Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuti oponya masewera amaphatikizapo masewera munthawi zonse. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kukumbukira kuti kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kuyenera kukhala ndi malire omatha - kuchuluka kwambiri kwa thupi kungayambitse matenda.

Mikhalidwe yovuta imakhudza kugwira ntchito kwa thupi lonse ndipo kusuta ndi gawo lina, osati chida chothandizira kwa iwo. Mukamakana chizolowezi choyipa, odwala nthawi zambiri amawona kuwonjezeka kwa thupi, komwe kumatha kuyendetsedwa ndi zakudya zapadera ndikuyenda pafupipafupi (zolimbitsa thupi).

Kulemera kwambiri sikuti ndi chifukwa chokana kuthana ndi vuto la kusuta kwa chikumbumtima. Amadziwika kuti osuta ambiri amalemera kwambiri ndipo ndudu sizimamuyendera.

Chithandizo cha Cataract a shuga

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda omwe mawonekedwe ake amakhudzana ndi pafupifupi ziwalo zonse za anthu ndi machitidwe ake. Kutengera mawonekedwe amomwe matendawa amatengera, mawonekedwe owoneka ndi ziwalo zam'maso amapezeka pafupifupi onse odwala. Mafuta am'magazi samadutsa popanda kufunafuna ziwiya za fundus. Vutoli ndikuti chithandizo chamankhwala othandizira odwala matenda ashuga chimakhala chovuta chifukwa Zizindikiro zomwe zimawoneka m'matenda achichepere, kulimba kwawo kumakula kwambiri. Kulipiritsa kutayika kwamaso, kuonetsetsa kuti moyo wabwino wokwanira, nthawi zambiri, opaleshoni yochotsa mandala opepuka ndi njira yayikulu yothandizira.

Zoyambitsa Cataract

Cataract ndikusintha kwa mandala amaso, yomwe ndi mandala omwe amasintha chithunzicho kuti chiwone ndi gawo lake lamkati lakuwona mu ubongo. Kusintha kwa mawonekedwe a mandala a ophthalmic kumatha kuchitika pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Ndi matenda amtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga, amphaka amkati amakula kangapo mwachangu kuposa matenda ashuga a 2. Koma zomwe zimayambitsa mitundu yonse ya matenda ndizofanana.

Mphaka ndi matenda a shuga amayamba chifukwa cha zotsatirazi.

1. Mlingo wa glucose m'magazi umachulukirachulukira, zochuluka zimatha kuyikiridwa mthupi la mandalawo ngati ma flakes. Ngakhale maphunziro ena adakana kuti pali mgwirizano pakati pa shuga ndi kuyambika kwa matenda amishuga, chifukwa ichi tsopano chikuwoneka kuti ndi chodalirika.
2. Mwazi kumaso umakulirakumwa, zotengera zimakhala zopanda mphamvu, mandimu amakhala amitambo.
3. Milingo ya insulin yokwanira imayambitsa kusintha koyambirira kwa kuwala kwa mandala, makamaka kwa achinyamata omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2.

Zizindikiro za Cataract

Kuwonekera kwa lens opacity mu shuga mellitus ali ndi mawonekedwe ena poyerekeza ndi omwe ali ndi vuto laukalamba. Zizindikiro zimayamba kukhala zazing'ono, kupangika kwamatumbo okhwima ndikotheka asanakwanitse zaka 35- 40, ndipo mawonetseredwe a matendawa amatha kukulitsidwa msanga.

Kodi wodwala amakhala ndi mitundu yotani?

1. Kuwona koperewera, ngati kuti kuphimbidwa pamaso.Zizindikiro zoyambirira zimatha kuwonekera kale mwa odwala omwe ali ndi zaka 25, makamaka odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu woyamba.
2. Mkhalidwe wa chithunzichi. Ndikosavuta kuyang'ana pa chithunzi cha nkhaniyo, kuwonjezerera chithunzicho.
3. Mwakuwala kowala, zinthu zomwe zikufufuzidwa zimataya mawonekedwe ake omveka, lakuthwa kwa zithunzi limachepetsedwa kwambiri.
4. Chithunzicho chimataya mitundu yowala, zinthu zonse zimakhala zopanda utoto.
5. Atafufuza, ophthalmologist akuwonetsa kusintha kwa mwana kuchokera ku mandala akuda (oyera makhiristo) kupita pamtambo, wopanda mitambo.
6. Kuthekera kwa katswiri wofufuza momwe fundus iliri zovuta ndizovuta, chifukwa chifukwa cha kutha kwa mawonekedwe a mandala, simalimbitsa kuwala kumbuyo kwa diso.
7. Wodwala ali ndi zizindikiro zamavuto amanjenje: kukwiya, nkhawa zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kuchepa kwa kuthekera koyenda mokhazikika m'malo, kuchita njira yokhazikika yanthawi yopanda thandizo lakunja.

Ngati pali kumverera kwazinthu zakutha kwa nkhaniyo pamafunso, chophimba pamaso pa maso, kulephera kuyang'ana bwino masomphenyawo, limodzi ndi kupsyinjika kwa maso kuti mufufuze nkhaniyo, muyenera kulumikizana ndi a ophthalmologist kuti mupeze upangiri, ndipo mukalandire chithandizo.

Dokotala adzasanthula wodwalayo mosamala, atoletsa anamnesis, kuti apereke mayeso ofunikira, ngati zotsatira zakuwunika kwathunthu zimayambitsa matenda a matenda ashuga, dokotala aganizirani za opaleshoni yomweyo kapena kulandira chithandizo chamankhwala chokhazikika, kuphatikizapo ndi endocrinologist.

Opaleshoni yamatumbo lero lero yakhala chinthu chapadera. Kuthandizira kochenjera kumeneku kwachitika m'chipatala cha microsuction ophthalmologic kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kwa odwala osiyanasiyana. Kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a shuga pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimakhudzana ndi chithandizo cha matendawa, kuphatikizapo kudzera pa opaleshoni.

Kuyambira pachiyambi chake ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti ntchito yayikulu ndikuchiza matenda oyamba, matenda ashuga. Lotsatira:

• kulitsa milingo ya shuga,
• Sankhani mtundu wokwanira wa mankhwala a insulin kapena kutsitsa shuga,
• zakudya zabwino kwambiri
• Khazikitsani kagayidwe koyenera
• khalani ndi moyo wathanzi
• kusiya zizolowezi zoipa: kusuta fodya, kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa.

Tsoka ilo, kuthekera kwa kugwiranso ntchito kwa matenda amtundu wa matenda ashuga popanda opaleshoni kumakhala kotsika kwambiri, chifukwa zizindikiro zowonekera zimachulukirachulukira. Odwala ochepa omwe ali ndi zaka zakubadwa amadwala matendawa, chifukwa chake akatswiri ambiri, posankha chithandizo, amalankhula mochitira opaleshoniyo.

Dokotala wamaso opezeka ndi matenda a shuga amathandizana kwambiri ndi endocrinologist. Wodwala amatumizidwa kukalandira chithandizo ndi opaleshoni pokhapokha ngati zotsatirazi zikumana.

1. Mlingo wa shuga m'magazi umakhazikika pamlingo wovomerezeka.
2. Kuwonongeka kwamawonedwe ndikochepera makumi anayi mpaka makumi asanu.
3. Matenda a wodwalayo amakalipiridwa, ma concomitant pathologies sangakhale cholepheretsa kukonzanso kwa postoperative.

Mukachotsa mandala amtambo, njira zotsatirazi za opaleshoni zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: phacoemulsification pogwiritsa ntchito mtanda wa laser kapena ultrasound. M'magwiridwe onse awiriwa, mandalawo amaphwanyidwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kudzera gawo limodzi yaying'ono ndikuchotsa gawo lachiwiri la cornea.

Zinthu Zogwira Ntchito

Ndi maopaar othandizira odwala matenda ashuga pali zinthu zingapo. Pankhani yopezeka ndi matenda a shuga, sikofunikira kuyembekezera kukhwima kwake kwathunthu, ndiko kuti, kuyang'ana mwamphamvu kwa mandala kuti muchotse. Izi zimachitika chifukwa, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, matendawa amapita patsogolo ndipo masomphenya amachepa mwachangu.

Koma, kuwonjezera apo, matenda a shuga amathandizika ndi kusintha kwamatenda m'matumbo a retina la diso - retinopathy, dziko lomwe liyenera kuyang'aniridwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Ma mandala opaque amataya katswiri wa mwayi wotere, chifukwa chake uyenera kulowedwa m'malo mwachangu ndi wowonekeratu, wokumbira. Matenda a retina mu matenda a shuga amatsogolera pakuwonongeka kwathunthu kwamawonedwe, makamaka ngati palibe chithandizo choyenera komanso kubwezeretsa boma la ziwiya.

Ntchito ya mandala phacoemulsification sakhala yoopsa, yofunikira makamaka kwa odwala matenda a shuga mellitus. Amadziwika kuti kuchiritsa mabala mwa odwala koteroko kumakhala kovuta, chifukwa chake opaleshoni yama microsuction ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yochizira matenda amtunduwu. Opaleshoniyo imatha osapitirira mphindi 10-30, ikuchitika pansi pa opaleshoni yodwalayo, wodwalayo amakhala kuchipatala osaposa tsiku limodzi.

Mavuto amabuka pambuyo pakuchita opaleshoni nthawi zina. Chithandizo cha opaleshoni ndiyo njira yabwino yochotsera matenda a shuga, makamaka kwa odwala azaka zazing'ono komanso ogwira ntchito.

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga a shuga

Matenda a shuga ndi amodzi mwa matenda ofala kwambiri padziko lapansi. Chiwerengero cha odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtunduwu wa endocrine chikuwonjezeka chaka chilichonse. Ndipo choopsa kwambiri ndikuti zaka zawo ndizocheperako.

Ndi matenda a shuga, pamakhala kusokonezeka komwe kumachitika pafupi ndi machitidwe ndi ziwalo zonse za munthu, koma makamaka kachitidwe kazungulira magazi. Zida, mtima, ubongo, kuphatikizapo retina, zimavutika. Ngati zizindikiro zake sizinatchulidwe, matendawa amapezeka kuti amachedwa kwambiri, kusintha mthupi kumakhala kosasintha ndipo nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa kufa.

Chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa magazi, kusokonezeka kwa metabolic komanso kuchepa kwa chitetezo chokwanira, ziwalo zam'maso nthawi zambiri zimadwala matenda ashuga. Odwala amadandaula za conjunctivitis, blepharitis (balere), pomwe matendawa ndi oopsa komanso otupa, samayankha bwino pakalandira chithandizo.

Matenda a shuga a retinopathy ndi omwe amafala kwambiri pamatenda a matenda a maso.

Komanso nthawi zambiri conjunctivitis imadutsa mu glaucoma kapena matenda a cataract. Nthawi zina zizindikiro za matendawa zimakhala zokhazo zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga kwa wodwala.

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Kodi matenda a shuga amayambika bwanji?

Ndi zovuta za metabolic m'thupi, zosintha zimachitika m'maso amaso, zimakhala mitambo. Izi zimatchedwa matenda a shuga.

Chizindikiro cha matenda othandizira odwala matenda ashuga ndi chitukuko chachangu, matendawa amatuluka mwachangu ndipo nkovuta kuchiza.

Nthawi zina ngakhale opareshoni sipereka mphamvu.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za matendawa odwala matenda a shuga:

• Masomphenya otsika
• "Nkhungu" pamaso,
• Kusweka kwa masomphenya - mizere ndiyosamveka pakuwerenga,
• Mafuta a turbid mu phunziroli.

Ngakhale ngati zizindikirazi sizikupezekabe, koma kuzindikira kwake ndi matenda a shuga, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mupimidwe ndi ophthalmologist posachedwa. Izi zikuthandizira kupewa kukula kwa matenda a shuga.

Kodi matenda a shuga amathandizira bwanji?

Endocrinologist amatumiza wodwalayo kuti akamufufuze kwa ophthalmologist. Ngakhale pakhale kuwonekera kwa matenda a cataract, ophthalmologist azichita maphunziro ndi machitidwe awa:

• Kudziwitsa zamphamvu za maso,
• Kudziwitsa za kukakamiza kwa intraocular,
• Kufotokozera malire a masomphenya.

Kenako, pogwiritsa ntchito zida zamakono, adokotala amawunika ma lens, retina ndi fundus. Pambuyo pozindikira kuti wapezeka, chithandizo cha matendawa chimayamba.

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga a shuga nthawi zonse amachitidwa limodzi ndi mankhwalawa matenda oyambitsidwa ndi matenda ashuga. Popanda kubwezeretsa kagayidwe, popanda kukhazikika m'magazi a shuga, ndizosatheka kuti muthane ndi matenda amtundu, ngakhale opareshoni singathandize.

Njira zotsatirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:

1. Mankhwala a insulin (a matenda a shuga a 2).
2. Mankhwala othandizira pakudya (ngati matenda a shuga samadalira insulin).
3. Physiotherapy ndi kukonza moyo - zochitika zolimbitsa thupi ndizofunikira.

Mphaka angachiritsidwe kokha. Matendawa akamakula msanga, zimatha kuchititsa kuti anthu asamaone bwino komanso azikhala ndi zovuta zina, monga matenda ashuga a retinopathy, opareshoni imachitika mwachangu.

Kodi ngongole imachotsedwa bwanji? Masiku ano, njira yodulira matenda a cataract ndi ultrasound imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Ndemanga za odwala zimatsimikizira kupweteketsa konse kogwira ntchito.

Palibenso zofanana ndi ma lens pambuyo pake, ndipo zotulukanso ndizosowa.

Opaleshoniyo ikuchitika m'magawo otsatirawa:

• Tiziwalo tosiyidwa tadulidwa - m'malo mwa odulidwa, ma punctures awiri oonda amapangidwa,
• Kudzera pamakutu awa pogwiritsa ntchito ma ultrasound, madera omwe akhudzidwa ndi mandala awonongedwa,
• Kenako, pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chapadera, zotsalira zimachotsedwa.

Ma lens owonongeka atachotsedwa, lens yofewa imayambitsidwa kudzera ma punctures omwewo - cholowa m'malo mwa mandala. Nthawi yokonzanso atachitidwa opaleshoni mwa njirayi imachepetsedwa kwambiri, chifukwa minofu ndi ziwiya za maso sizimavulala.

Pa chifukwa chomwechi, anesthesia sofunika. Asanakhalepo kapena atachitidwa opaleshoni, wodwalayo ayenera kuchipatala. Njira yonseyi imatenga osaposa theka la ola.

Ubwino wina wakuchotsa kwapa ndi ultrasound ndikuti ukhoza kuchitidwa ngakhale nguluweyo isanakhale.

Izi zimapewa zovuta zomwe zingachitike komanso zimachepetsa chiopsezo chokana lenileni yokumba.

Gulu

Ophthalmologists amatha kudziwa kagayidwe ka metabolic kapena senile. Momwe metabolic mtundu wa nthendayo amatanthauza chikhodzodzo cha maso a matenda ashuga momwe mandimu amasanduka mitambo. Matendawa amakwiya chifukwa chophwanya njira za metabolic mkati mwa mawonekedwe a maso.

Zovuta zamkati za senile zimatchedwa kuti kusintha kwa senile: ndi zaka, zotengera za m'mimba ndi zovuta zam'magazi zimawonekera m'maso. Matenda amtunduwu amapezeka m'mitundu yonse ya odwala matenda ashuga komanso odwala omwe alibe carbohydrate metabolism.

Zifukwa zakukhalira kwa vutoli

Mkati mwa zola yamaso ndi mandala. Ili ndiye thupi lamphamvu lomwe kuwala kudutsa. Zikomo kwa iye, ma ray amagwera pa retina ndikupanga fano.

Ndi shuga wambiri ndi magazi, glucose owonjezera amalowa m'maso, amawapanga mu fructose ndipo amakankhidwa ndi ma cell a ma cell. Njirayi imayendera limodzi ndi kupanga kwapakatikati mankhwala a metabolism metabolism - sorbitol. Katunduyu amachititsa kuti magazi azikhala mwamphamvu komanso kuti azitha kusokonekera. Chifukwa cha izi, kufalikira kwa mandala kumayamba.

Zoyambitsa zazikulu zamkati:

• kuchuluka kwa mitsempha yamagazi, kukulira kwa zovuta zamagazi m'maso,
• kusowa kwa insulin
• shuga wamagazi ochulukirapo, omwe ambiri amadziunjikira mu mandala.

Pokhala ndi matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin, ma catara amakula msanga.

Kukula kwa matenda amamba kumachitika pang'onopang'ono.

1. Pachigawo choyamba, masinthidwe samasinthika, palibe zizindikiro zakusintha kwamaso. Pathology imatha kupezeka pokhapokha pakuwunika kofufuza mwamphamvu.
2. Gawo lachiwiri ndi loipa. Amadziwika ndi maonekedwe a mavuto ammaso. Njira ya pathological imakhudza gawo lapakati pa lens, lomwe limayang'anira gawo la kuwala.
3. Gawo lachitatu limadziwika ndi kufalikira kwathunthu kwa thupi lowonekera. Magalasiwo amakhala imvi, kuona kumakhala kotsekeka kwathunthu. Kutengeka kwakuthupi kotsalira kumatsalira, ndipo kupenyerera kowonekera kumatsikira ku 0-0-0.2.
4. Mu gawo lachinayi, kuphatikizika kwa shuga kumeneku kumayambitsa khungu: ulusi wa mandala achilengedwe umabuka.

Mlingo wazowonongeka ukhoza kutsimikizika potengera madandaulo a wodwala ndi deta yoyeserera.

Zizindikiro za vuto la maso

Mtundu wa 1 komanso wa 2 matenda ashuga ayenera kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga. Mu magawo oyamba, wodwala azindikire:

• kuwonekera kwa chophimba m'maso (nthawi zambiri odwala matenda ashuga omwe amadalira insulin amakumana ndi chizindikiro ichi),
• Kusintha kwa maonekedwe: Mitundu imayamba kuzimiririka,
• maonekedwe a cheza m'maso
• mzukwa
• kuwoneka kwa mavuto mukamagwira ntchito ndi magawo ang'onoang'ono.

Chifukwa chake matenda am'kati ayamba kuwonekera. Pakapita nthawi, zizindikiro zina zimawonekera:

• zithunzi zowoneka
• masinthidwe akunja a mandala (mitundu isintha kukhala imvi),
• kusowa kwanzeru kusiyanitsa pakati pazithunzi ndi zinthu.

Katundu aliyense wowonekera pamatope amakhala osamvetseka: ndizovuta kuti wodwalayo awerenge, azindikire zambiri pazenera. Anthu amabwera kwa akatswiri odziwa khungu ndi madandaulo a zithunzi zosalala, mdima wake, mawonekedwe amtambo.

Zizindikiro

Njira yolondola kwambiri yodziwira matenda ashuga ndi kuwunika kwa ophthalmologist ndi biomicroscopy. Palinso njira yodziwira matendawa kunyumba.

Kuti mupewe mawonekedwe a mandala, muyenera kutenga pepala loyera ndikupanga ma punctri awiri ndi singano mkati mwake. Mtunda pakati pawo uli pafupifupi 2 mm. Kupyola mabowo awa, muyenera kuyang'ana malo owoneka bwino ndi diso lililonse. Ngati palibe zovuta, ndiye kuti malembedwewo aphatikizika ndipo chithunzicho chikhala choyera. Ngati pali mawanga, pali chifukwa chokayikira kuti mandala ayamba kutambo.

Njirayi silipereka chitsimikizo chokwanira, koma chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakudziyesa nokha pakati pa mayeso okonzedwa ndi ophthalmologist.

Magawo a chithandizo

Mukazindikira matenda a shuga a m'magazi, ophthalmologist ndi endocrinologist ayenera kuyang'ana wodwalayo. Ndikofunika kulipira shuga ndikukhazikika wodwalayo. Pazifukwa izi ndizofunikira:

• sinthani ndondomeko ya metabolic,
• sankhani zakudya zoyenera
• muchepetse shuga m'magazi popereka chithandizo chokwanira cha insulin kapena kusankha mankhwala ochepetsa shuga,
• kuwonjezera zolimbitsa thupi.

Izi zimalola kuti chiwongola dzanja cha shuga chikule kwambiri. Zinthu zikayamba kuyenda bwino, mutha kupita kuchipatala mwachangu. Opaleshoniyo ikulimbikitsidwa kuti ichitike koyambirira kwa matenda, matenda asanakwane.

Opaleshoni

Amva za matenda amkati, odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la metabolism wamagazi amayamba kuda nkhawa kuti mwina angathe kuchitidwa opaleshoni ya maso chifukwa cha matenda ashuga. Chithandizo cha opaleshoni ndiyo njira yokhayo yochotsa matenda amkati. Koma adotolo adzalembera opaleshoniyo pokhapokha pazinthu zingapo:

• shuga ndizabwinobwino, chiphuphu cha shuga chimapezeka,
• Kuwonongeka kwamaso sikudutsa 50%,
• wodwalayo alibe matenda osachiritsika omwe amasokoneza kuyambiranso odwala.

Ambiri amalangizidwa kuti asachedwetse opareshoni, chifukwa ndi momwe matenda amatithandizira, matendawa amatha kukulirakulira. Mwa odwala matenda ashuga, retinopathy amayamba, zomwe zimatsogolera ku khungu lathunthu. Ndipo ngati pali contraindication, dokotala amakana kuchita opareshoni.

Sadzasintha mandala pamene:

• matenda ashuga osawerengeka
• magawo omaliza a matendawa, pamene masomphenya atayika kwathunthu,
• zovuta zamagazi m'maso ndi mapangidwe a zipsera ku retina,
• mawonekedwe a mitsempha yamagazi m'maso amaso,
• matenda a maso.

Ngati vutolo litalola, sankhani mtundu wa phacoemulsification:

Opaleshoniyo ikuchitika motere.

1. Mu mandala, ma punctures a 2 amapangidwa ndipo ma catarices amadulidwa kudzera mwa iwo ndi laser kapena ultrasound.
2. Pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera, mbali zotsalazo za mandala ndizofunikira.
3. Magala okumba amawaika pakatikita mu diso.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito njirazi pochotsa ndi kupangira ma mandala akhungu, siwotengera kapena zofunikira, kuvutikira sikofunikira. Opaleshoniyo imagwira ntchito molondola, kuwunikira sikofunika. Chifukwa cha izi, kuchira kumathamanga. Masomphenya amabwerera masiku 1-2.

Mukazindikira matenda am'matenda a shuga, ndikwabwino kuvomereza opaleshoniyo nthawi yomweyo. M'magawo oyamba, adotolo angalimbikitse kugwiritsa ntchito madontho, koma samachiritsa matendawa, koma amaletsa kukula kwake kwakanthawi.

Cataract: zoyambitsa ndi mawonetsedwe azachipatala

Matendawa amakula pomwe ma mandala a kuwala amatenga mitambo. Ndilenzi yomwe imasintha chithunzi, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yogwirizana ndi gawo lam'maso muubongo.

Kusokonekera mu mawonekedwe a mandala a ophthalmic kumatha kuyambitsidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Komanso, ndi matenda amtundu woyamba 1, matendawa amakula msanga kwambiri kuposa matenda a shuga 2.

Ngakhale zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa onsewa ndizofanana. Chifukwa chake, odwala matenda ashuga amatha kukhala ndi zifukwa zotsatirazi:

1. Kuwonongeka kwa magazi kwambiri kumaso, komwe kumapangitsa mitambo yamagalasi, ndipo mitsempha yamagazi imakhala yosalimba.
2. Kuperewera kwa insulini m'magazi kumabweretsa kusintha kwamwadzidzidzi m'ziwalo zowoneka, makamaka, zotere zimadziwika mu odwala matenda ashuga omwe amadalira insulin.

Komanso, kuwonjezereka kwamphamvu kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, zochulukirapo zimayikidwa mu mawonekedwe a flakes mthupi la mandala. Koma lero, madokotala ambiri amakangana ngati pali ubale weniweni pakati pa shuga wambiri ndi chitukuko cha matenda amtundu wa shuga.

Kuwala kwa matenda a diabetes kungakhale kovuta kusiyanitsa zaka ndi zinthu zina. Chifukwa chake, ngati pali zolephera mu endocrine system, zizindikiro za matenda amaso zimakula mudakali achichepere. Ndipo chimbale chokhwima chimapangidwa kale mpaka zaka 40, pomwe zizindikiro zake zimachulukira mwachangu.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira ndi chophimba pamaso, zimatha kuwonekera kwa odwala osakwanitsa zaka 25. Matendawa amaphatikizidwanso ndi mawonekedwe ena ambiri:

• Kumasulira kwa zinthu zowala,
• utatu wazithunzi
• zithunzi zakunyanja,
• Kusintha kwa mwana, komwe kumakhala mitambo ndikuwala, komwe kumapezeka pakufufuzidwa ndi ophthalmologist.

Cataract mu shuga mellitus imatha kuwonetsedwa ndi vuto la HC. Chifukwa chake, wodwalayo amakhala wopanda mpumulo, wosakwiya, chifukwa cha kusowa kwa kuyendetsa kayendedwe palokha m'malo.

Kuzindikira kwa matenda a cataract omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga kumachitika ndi ophthalmologist. Dokotala amatsimikiza

1. kuchuluka kwamawonekedwe,
2. kuchuluka kwa kukakamiza kwa intraocular,
3. chizindikiritso cha malire a masomphenya.

Kenako, pogwiritsa ntchito zida zamakono zamankhwala, adokotala amawunika fundus, retina ndi mandala. Matendawa amayamba kuthandizidwa pokhapokha atapezeka kuti ali ndi matendawo.

Kuchiza kwa Cataract kumachitika limodzi ndi kuchotsedwa kwa zomwe zimayambitsa ndi zizindikilo za matenda oyamba - matenda ashuga. Pachifukwachi, mankhwala a insulin amatha kulembedwa, wodwalayo amayeneranso kutsata zakudya zapadera, kudya zakudya zamagulu odwala matenda ashuga ndipo musaiwale za zolimbitsa thupi.

Chithandizo cha matenda amkati popanda opaleshoni ndizothandiza pokhapokha poyambira matendawa, komabe ndikofunikira kuganizira zomwe zimayambitsa. Pa mankhwala, madontho a maso amalembedwa kuti achepetse kukula kwa matenda, koma osasiya. Chifukwa chake, ndi matenda a shuga a shuga, Taurine (Taufon, Dibikor) ndi Adapentacen (Quinax) amakhazikika m'maso.

Ngati pali matenda a cataract ndi shuga, ndiye kuti ma lens ndi magalasi sizithandiza, chifukwa chake, mankhwalawo amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Cholinga cha opaleshoniyo ndikuchotsa kwamkati.

Mchitidwewo umachitika pansi pa mankhwala oletsa kugwiritsa ntchito ma microscope omwe amakulitsa ndikuwunikira malo opangira opaleshoni. Ngati maso onse akukhudzidwa, choyamba filimuyo imachotsedwa pachinthu chimodzi, ndipo pambuyo pa miyezi 3-4 mandala achiwiri amathandizidwa.

Pakakhala matenda a cataract, chithandizo chiyenera kukhala chofatsa momwe mungathere. Chifukwa chake, phacoemulsification nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuphatikizidwa ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa mandala okumba. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zithetse zovuta zamtundu uliwonse.

Kodi opaleshoni yamatumbo amachitika bwanji? Pogwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku wa ultrasound, dokotala wa opaleshoniyo amaphwanya mandala amiyala, kenako kufunsa kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kumachitika. Kudzera m'maso omwe adapangidwa kale, chikhazikitso chowoneka ngati chubu chimayikidwa m'diso ndi jakisoni wapadera wa syringe.

Kuchita opaleshoni kumatheka. Kutalika kwa njirayi mpaka mphindi 25.

Phindu la phacoemulsification limaphatikizapo:

• chitetezo ndi zopweteka,
• mwayi wochepa wobweretsa zovuta,
• kukula kochepa kufika mpaka 2,5 mm,
• Kutalika kwa njirayi
• kukonzanso mwachangu (masiku 30 apamwamba).

Kubwezeretsa masomphenya pambuyo pa opaleshoni, magalasi ochita kupanga amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ma IOL amaikidwira m'diso, ndikusintha chiwalocho. Njira yakuchiritsirayi imawonedwa ngati njira yothandiza kwambiri yokuthandizira, yomwe imakupatsani mwayi wobwerera kwambiri. Zowonadi, mawonekedwe a mandala a intraocular ali pafupi kwambiri ndi kuthekera kwa mandala achilengedwe.

Ma mandala opanga amapangidwa ndi zinthu zapadera zowonekera bwino zomwe zimalekeredwa bwino ndi minyewa ya chinthu chowoneka popanda kupangitsa kutulutsa. Koma IOL ya wodwala aliyense amasankhidwa payekhapayekha, kutengera mawonekedwe ndi kudziyang'anira kwa diso lake.

Pambuyo pa opaleshoniyo, kwa milungu inayi, maso ayenera kukhazikika ndi osagwiritsa ntchito ma steroidal ndi a steroidal. Nthawi zambiri Indocollir ndi Dexamethasone amadziwika (2 akutsikira 4 r. Patsiku). Pakupita masiku 10, mankhwala a antibacterial amaikidwa chimodzimodzi.

Mpaka pomwe machiritso amachira kwathunthu, mkati mwa masiku 14 ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa ukhondo kuti muchepetse matenda. Chifukwa chake, simungathe kukhudza diso ndikutsuka pansi pamadzi. Komanso, mukachira, ndikosayenera kugwiritsa ntchito zodzoladzola, masewera olimbitsa thupi ndikupita ku sauna.

Komabe, kodi ndizotheka kuchitidwa opaleshoni ndi retinopathy yotsogola ngati pali zipsera ku retina? Pankhaniyi, opaleshoni yamankhwala imapangidwa. Komanso, phacoemulsification sikuchitika ndi kutupa kwa m'maso ndi mapangidwe amitsempha yamagazi pa iris.

Kupewa

Kukula kwamatenda am'mayendedwe odwala matenda ashuga atha kupewedwa. Pachifukwa ichi, miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse, odwala amayenera kukaonana ndi ophthalmologist yemwe amayang'anitsitsa fundus, kudziwa momwe mandalawo adayang'aniridwe ndikuwona.

Pofuna kuteteza ziwalo zowoneka bwino ku glucose, madontho amaso ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, Catalin kapena Catachrome.

Kutalika kwa njira yodzitetezera ndi mwezi umodzi, ndipo tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mupumule kwa masiku 30 ndikubwereza gawoli. Komabe, nthawi zambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kwa moyo wonse ndikofunikira.

Avetotsian Forte ali ndi njira yokwanira yothetsera zovuta za matenda ashuga. Amakhala ndi zochuluka zachilengedwe (mbewu za mphesa, ma currants, ma buluu), kukonza ntchito zowoneka, kulimbitsa zida za ocular ndi mtima.

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda amtundu wa shuga sangakhale malingaliro ofananira ngati mumayang'anira zonse zomwe zili ndi shuga, kupewa kutumphuka kwake kwamphamvu. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kumwa mankhwala apadera omwe amasintha shuga wamagazi ndikuyambitsa metabolism. Izi zimaphatikizira maofesi a multivitamin, omwe amaphatikizapo amino acid, antioxidants ndi zina zomwe zimalimbitsa ndikuyeretsa dongosolo la mtima.

Vitamini C ndi njira yothandizira odwala matenda ashuga. Chifukwa chake, wodwalayo ayenera kulemeretsa chakudya chake ndi tsabola wa zipatso komanso mabulosi. Komanso, chinthuchi chimapezeka mu zipatso (blackcurrant, blueberries), zomwe sizimangongolera ntchito zowoneka, komanso kusunga mandala.

Riboflavin ndiwothandizanso thanzi. Itha kupezeka mbewu zonse, yisiti ndi mkaka. Komanso, kusintha masomphenya, muyenera kumwa tiyi wobiriwira wambiri. Kanemayo munkhaniyi amafotokoza za matenda amtundu wa shuga.

Zoyambitsa matenda a shuga

Ndi shuga yayikulu m'magazi, mitundu iwiri ya lens ya opaleshoni ingachitike:

• zoona matenda ashuga - mawonekedwe a matenda amtundu 1 ndi odwala achichepere omwe amafunikira waukulu insulin. Maso onse amakhudzidwa
• senile (senile) cataract - Nthawi zambiri zimachitika mwa odwala pambuyo zaka 45 ndi mtundu 2 matenda. Vuto losagwirizana la mandala limadziwika.

Mosasamala mtundu wa matenda ashuga, kufalikira kwa mandala kumapita patsogolo mwachangu ndipo kumayendetsedwa ndi zovuta. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusokonekera kwa kagayidwe ndi kagayidwe kazinthu:

• kuchuluka kwa mafuta oopsa a sorbitol chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'madzi akumwa,
• mapuloteni omanga ku glucose omwe amawonongeka,
• kuwonongeka kambiri kwa ma arterioles amaso (diabetesicangiangiopathy),
• hemorrhages angapo mu conjunctiva, varicose, kuchepa kwa mpweya mu ziphuphu,
• matenda opatsirana mu minyewa ya diso chifukwa cha chitetezo chochepa.

Ndipo pali zambiri zokhudza matenda ashuga a retinopathy.

Momwe mungadziwire matenda a shuga

Matendawa omwe amapezeka m'matenda a shuga ndi osiyana pang'ono ndi zovuta za catile.

Zizindikiro zimatha kuwoneka mwa anthu achichepere. Komanso, imakula kwambiri.

Cataract mu shuga mellitus amadzinena motere:

1. Wodwalayo amadandaula za chophimba pamaso pake. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu woyamba amakhala pachiwopsezo chawo.
2. Chithunzicho chimakhala chofanana. Kuyang'ana kwambiri nkhaniyo nkovuta.
3. Pakuwunikiridwa, kumveka bwino kwa malongosoledwe a zinthu kumatayika.
4. Kuwala kwa zithunzizi kumazimiririka.
5. Mwana wamkazi wakuda amasintha mtundu wake kukhala wopepuka ndi mitambo.
6. Mphamvu ya diso chifukwa cha kutha kwa mandala ndizovuta kuyipima.
7. Wodwalayo amayamba kuvutika ndi kukwiya, amakhala wopanda nkhawa, chifukwa amafunikira thandizo lakunja m'malo.

Ngati munthu akuwona kuti zikuvuta kuti ayang'ane maso ake (ngakhale kuti maso ake akufunika kuyang'aniridwa), kuti nkhani yomwe mukufunsayo ndi yopepuka, ndipo pamaso pake pali chophimba pamaso pake, simuyenera kusiya kupita kwa dokotala. Mankhwala akangoyamba, ndiye kuti angathe kubwereranso m'moyo wabwino.

Chinsinsi cha zochizira

Ngakhale mavuto omwe abuka, choyambirira, ndikofunikira kuchiza matenda omwe amayambitsa, ndiko kuti, matenda ashuga.

Chithandizo cha mankhwalawa chili:

• glucose matenda
• kusankha mlingo woyenera wa insulin kapena mankhwala omwe amathandiza kuchepetsa shuga,
• kukhazikitsidwa kwa kagayidwe kazinthu,
• dongosolo la moyo wathanzi,
• kusiya zizolowezi zovulaza thanzi.

Chilichonse chikuyenera kuchitika kuti magalasiwo asachitike. Anthu odwala matenda a shuga ayenera kuyesedwa ndi a ophthalmologist kamodzi pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.

Mawonekedwe amaso amakuthandizani kuthana ndi shuga wambiri (Katachrome, Quinax, Catalin). Mankhwala othandizira kupewa ayenera kukhala mwezi umodzi, ndiye kuti nthawi yopuma imatengedwa kwa masiku 30 ndipo maphunzirowo amabwerezedwa.

Pofuna kupewa opaleshoniyo, odwala ambiri amakakamizidwa kuchita mankhwala a maso moyo wawo wonse.

Inde, mankhwala osokoneza bongo sangathetse vutoli. Chifukwa cha madontho amaso, kukula kwa matendawa kumatha kuchepetsedwa, koma sikungayime. Madontho ena amatha kuthandiza kokha kumayambiriro kwa matendawa. Koma kugwiritsa ntchito magalasi kapena magalasi kulibe ntchito.

Zambiri za kulowererapo kwa opaleshoni

Matenda a matenda ashuga amachotsedwa kwathunthu kudzera pakuchita opareshoni. Palibe chithandizo china chomwe chingagwire ntchito. Ndipo ndikwabwino kuti kuchotsedwa kwa mandala kumachitika mofulumira.

M'pofunika kuti musamadikire mpaka nkhalangoyi itacha. Matendawa ali ndi katundu wopita patsogolo msanga, chifukwa cha ichi pamakhala kuwonongeka koopsa pakuwona.

Opaleshoni ikafunika, madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito phacoemulsification. Nthawi zambiri, chithandizo choterechi chimachitika koyambirira, pomwe masomphenya amachepa pafupifupi 50%. Kulimbitsa munthawi ya njirayi sikofunikira, komwe kumachotsa chiopsezo cha astigmatism.

Ophunzirawo amachitidwa motere:

1. Kudzera gawo laling'onoting'ono, ma nyukiliya amiyala omwe amachotsedwa amachotsedwa. Chikwama cha makapu chatsalira.
2. Ma lens omwe akhudzidwa amaloledwa ndi mandala owonjezera.

Pambuyo pa opaleshoni, kusintha koonekera kumatha kuoneka posachedwa. Koma kuchira kwathunthu kumatenga nthawi. Nthawi zambiri, kuchotsa mandala ndi analogue yokumba simupitilira mphindi 30, pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa ululu. Mavuto ndi osowa.

Ponena za zotsutsana, ndiye kuti ntchito sizichitika ngati:

• pali mtundu wina wa retinopathy,
• mapangidwe a mitsempha ya magazi pa iris (neovascularization)
• pali njira yotupa m'maso.

Kusamala ndi thanzi lanu kumakupatsani mwayi wodziwa kuphwanya malamulo osafunikira pakapita nthawi, kuti chiwopsezo cha zovuta zimachepetsedwa.

Mankhwala

Kumayambiriro kwa senile cataract, madontho amaso amapatsidwa. Sizingakhudze momwe amafunsa mandala kale, koma amathandizira kuti muchepetse kukula kwa matendawa kwakanthawi kochepa. Izi ndizoyenera chifukwa cha matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amakhala ndi matenda obowoleza ndipo nthawi ndiyofunikira kusintha zomwe zimayambitsa shuga, thandizirani mtima ndi kuwonongeka kwa impso.

Kuphatikizidwa kwa madontho kumaphatikizapo mavitamini, antioxidants (kuletsa kuwonongeka kwa maselo), metabolic stimulants (ATP, cytochrome), komanso zinthu zomwe zimathandizira kuyambiranso kwa mapuloteni osinthika. Njira zotchuka kwambiri:

Kudya mavitamini munthawi imodzi ndi lutein ndi mankhwala - Vitrum pono, Lutein zovuta, Spectrum. Ndi matenda ashuga, mabulosi abulu amathandizanso - Strix, Myrtilene forte. Zochita zamankhwala onsewa ndizosakhalitsa, chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri, odwala matenda ashuga amalimbikitsidwa kuchitidwa opaleshoni atangoona kumene.

Kuthekera kochita opaleshoni kwa matenda amtundu 1 komanso matenda ashuga 2

Kuchotsa mandala kumachitika ndikuwononga nyukiliya yake. Njira imeneyi imatchedwa phacoemulsification. Itha kukhala akupanga ndi laser. Mosiyana ndi njira zina, kupezeka kwa matenda omwe amafanana nawo sikuti ndi kutsutsana. Opaleshoniyo amadziwitsidwa mosasamala mtundu wa shuga komanso zaka za wodwalayo.

Ndikofunikira kuti pakhale kukhazikika kwa shuga wamagazi - chandamale. Kusamala kumeneku kumalumikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga mu postoperative nthawi yolepheretsa njira yobwezeretsanso masomphenyawo, kuchititsa zovuta. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali pa insulin akuwunikidwanso mlingo, pafupipafupi wa makonzedwe, zakudya. Pankhani ya matenda amtundu 2, jakisoni wa mahomoni amawonjezeredwa pamapiritsi, chakudya chamagulu omwe ali menyu amachepetsa.

Ngati mawonekedwe apamwamba a matenda a cataract apezeka, pali njira yotupa kapena chotupa, ndiye kuti phacoemulsification iyenera kusiyidwa. Zikatero, ntchito yotseguka imayikidwa, imafuna nthawi yayitali kuti ichiritse. Ndikovuta kwambiri kulekerera matenda ashuga osakanikirana; pamafunika odwala onse kupita ku regulen yolimbikitsidwa.

Onerani kanemayo pazosankha zamatenda a matenda a shuga:

Mphamvu ya matenda pa ntchito yochotsa

Ngakhale njira zamakono zamankhwala othandizira opaleshoni, sizimalola kuti zitheke. Izi ndichifukwa choti chifukwa chopangika ma media ambiri opaleshoni isanachitike, nkovuta kuzindikira kupezeka kwa vuto linalake la matenda ashuga - kuwonongeka kwa retina (retinopathy). Izi zimadziwika ndi:

• Zosintha za ndalama,
• kuchuluka kwa vitreous,
• kutumphuka kwa kuwala kwa m'maso,
• chizolowezi chotaya magazi kuchokera ku ziwiya zazing'ono (zatsopano),
• kulephera kukwaniritsa kuchepa kwamwana kwa mwana, chifukwa chomwe iris yokhala ndi kutupa komwe kumadzavulala pakhungu,
• kuchuluka kwa mapangidwe a intraocular (glaucoma yachiwiri) atachotsa mandala.

Kukonzekeretsa wodwala

Wodwala yemwe am'panga opaleshoni amapatsidwa:

• kutsimikiza kwamawonekedwe amaso ndi kupsinjika mkati mwa diso,
• kusanthula kwa ndalama
• biomicroscopy (kuunikira pansi pa mandala okukulitsa a michere ya diso, mandala, thupi lanyama, chipinda chakunja),
• kuphunzira kwa kusintha kwa kuwala kwamiyeso (Refraction).

Kuphatikiza pa iwo, compact tomography, ma ultrasound a diso amatha kulimbikitsidwa. Odwala amafunikanso kukakumana ndi ECG, kuyezetsa magazi kwa shuga, cholesterol, glycated hemoglobin, creatinine.

Ultrasound ya diso ndi fundus

Pofuna kupewa kutupa ndi matenda opatsirana, anti-yotupa mankhwala ndi maantibayotiki amagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku atatu asanachitidwe opareshoni. Panthawi ya phacoemulsization, kukulitsa okwanira kwa ophunzira kumakhala kofunikira. Akuyesera kukwaniritsa izi mothandizidwa ndi madontho apadera. Ngati zikulephera, ndiye kuti muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira yothandizira.

Komanso, pasadakhale, muyenera kusankha ndi kugula mandala, omwe adzalowe m'malo mwa mandala mutatha. Kusankha kwake kutengera kuyesedwa kwa wodwalayo komanso zowoneka bwino za zomwe akuchita (masomphenya omveka bwino kapena akutali amafunikira).

Onerani kanemayo pamatope a matenda ashuga:

Kubwezeretsa pambuyo pochotsa matenda

Chotsatira chambiri cha kuchotsa mandala m'matenda a shuga ndi kupitirira kwa retinopathy. Kuwonongeka kwa retina kumawonedwa ndi:

• Kutalika kwa matendawo komanso kuyang'anira insulin (zaka 10),
• kuwonongeka kwa impso,
• glaucoma (kuchuluka mkati mwa diso),
• odwala okalamba (zaka 65),
• ndi shuga wowola osintha mwadzidzidzi shuga.

Chifukwa chake, chosowa chowunika chikuwonetsedwanso ndi endocrinologist ndi opaleshoni, muyezo wamagulu a shuga, kuthamanga kwa magazi. Pofuna kupewa kutupa, kukhazikika kwa madontho okhala ndi dexamethasone, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, omwe si a antiidal. Mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya antibacterial omwe adayamba mu nthawi yaoperative amapitilizabe.

Kwa mwezi umodzi ndizoletsedwa:

• mawonekedwe owoneka ndi thupi
• kuchapa maso ndi madzi othamanga (amatsukidwa ndi kulowetsedwa kofooka kwa chamomile, calendula, tiyi),
• kusamba otentha, bafa, sauna, mankhwala othandizira,
• osayang'ana magalasi padzuwa lowala,
• gwiritsani zodzikongoletsera m'makutu,
• gwira maso ndi manja osasamba, pukuta matope.

Mwezi umodzi pambuyo pake, kuyeserera kwa dokotala wopanga opaleshoni kumachitika ndipo mfundo zowongolera zimasankhidwa.

Ndipo pali zambiri zokhudza matenda a shuga kwa ana.

Ma Cataracts amawoneka motsutsana ndi matenda osokoneza bongo chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mandala amaso, kusokonezeka kwa magazi. Zochizira kumayambiriro, madontho amaso amapatsidwa mankhwala, zomwe zimalepheretsa kukula kwa matendawa. Kuti tisunge masomphenya, ntchito imayikidwa.

Kwa njira yamakono ya phacoemulsification, shuga siwotsutsana, koma njira yake iyenera kulipidwa. Pambuyo pokonzekera preoperative, mandala amawonongeka ndi ultrasound, laser, ndipo mandala amaikidwa m'malo mwake. Chifukwa cha chiwopsezo cha kupitirira kwa matenda ashuga retinopathy, kuunika kowonjezereka ndikofunikira.

Ngati phazi la matenda ashuga limakula, ayenera kuyamba kulandira chithandizo mwachangu. Pa gawo loyamba, mafuta odzola, mankhwala achilengedwe ndi laser amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza magazi, gawo lamitsempha yamagazi. Chithandizo cha opaleshoni ndi mankhwala ena amakono ndi oyenera zilonda zam'mimba.

Matenda a shuga a retinopathy amapezeka kawirikawiri odwala matenda ashuga. Kutengera mtundu wa omwe adadziwika - pagululi kapena yosakulitsa - chithandizo chimadalira. Zifukwa zake ndi shuga wambiri, njira yolakwika. Zizindikiro sizowoneka kwambiri mwa ana. Kupewa kumathandiza kupewa zovuta.

Kutengera mtundu wa matenda ashuga retinopathy, chithandizo chimasankhidwa payekha. Itha kukhala yochulukirapo kapena yosachulukirachulukira. Chithandizo cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo chimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito madontho, jakisoni, mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Poyambirira, mankhwala wowerengeka azitsamba angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupewa. Mukayamba, opareshoni ndi laser.

Nthawi zambiri kubadwa kwa ana kuchokera kwa makolo omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo kumabweretsa kuti akudwala matenda. Zomwe zimatha kukhala mu matenda a autoimmune, kunenepa kwambiri. Mitundu imagawidwa pawiri - yoyamba ndi yachiwiri. Ndikofunikira kudziwa zomwe zili mu achinyamata ndi achinyamata kuti muzindikire ndikuthandizira panthawi. Pali kuletsa kubadwa kwa ana omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Ngati pheochromocytoma ikhazikitsidwa, chithandizo chitha kukhala mankhwala ndipo chimagwira ntchito. Palibe wowerengeka azitsamba omwe angathandize ngakhale kuchepetsa zizindikiro.