Insulin Syringe singano: Makulidwe Aakulu

Aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga amadziwa zomwe singano zama cell a insulini ali, ndipo amadziwa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito, popeza iyi ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yamatendawo. Ma syringes a insulin makonzedwe nthawi zonse amatayika komanso osabala, omwe amawatsimikizira otetezeka pakuchita kwawo. Amapangidwa ndi pulasitiki wazachipatala ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe apadera.

Mukamasankha syringe ya insulini, muyenera kuyang'anira kwambiri kuchuluka kwake ndi gawo la magawidwe ake. Gawo kapena mtengo wogawa ndiye kusiyana pakati pa mtengo womwe ukuwonetsedwa pamawu oyandikana nawo. Chifukwa cha kuwerengera kumene, wodwala matenda ashuga amatha kuwerengetsa bwino kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ofunikira.

Poyerekeza ndi jakisoni wina, insulini iyenera kuperekedwa pafupipafupi komanso kutengera njira inayake, poganizira kuya kwa kayendetsedwe, mafupa a khungu amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo malo owonetsera jakisoni.

Mitundu yatsopano

"Singano zamakono zayamba kuchepa komanso kufupika," atero a Julie Arel, oyang'anira malonda a insulin ku Can-Am Care Syringe Pens. - Tekinoloje yapadera yamagetsi imachotsa mapampu, ndipo mafuta opangitsa kuti singano idutse mosavuta komanso mosasuntha pakhungu. Ma syringe amakono a insulin amabwera ndi singano yokhazikitsidwa yomwe idayikidwa kale kutalika, makulidwe ndi mavoliyumu.

Mukamasankha mainchesi akunja (chidebe), kumbukirani kuti kukulira, kuchuluka kwa singano - singano ya 31G ndi yocheperako kuposa 28G. Zingwe za ma syringe pensulo, zotayika kapena zosinthika, zimagulidwa kapena kuperekedwa pansi pa pulogalamu ya DLO ndipo zimakulungidwa pa ulusi wa syringe nthawi yomweyo musanagwiritse ntchito. Ma cholembera a syringe amatha kukhala ndi kusiyana kwa ulusi. Onetsetsani kuti zikuyenderana bwanji cholembera ndi singano yanu. Pazomwezi, mndandanda wa zolembera zomwe zimagwirizana zimasonyezedwa phukusi lililonse la singano.

Samalani kwambiri ndi malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito ndi chidziwitso pakugwirizana kwa singano ndi zolembera za syringe zomwe zikuwonetsedwa pa phukusi. Wopanga cholembera amaikanso mayina a singano omwe amagwirizana ndi chipangizochi. Masingano omwe ali ndi mgwirizano wapadziko lonse amakwaniritsa zofunikira za ISO zapadziko lonse lapansi.

Kugwirizana komwe kumayesedwa ndi mayeso odziimira pawokha kumayikidwa ngati ISO "TYPE A" EN ISO 11608-2: 2000 ndipo zikuwonetsa kuti cholembera cha sindano ndi TYPE A singano ndizophatikizika. Kugwiritsa ntchito singano zomwe sizigwirizana ndi cholembera kungapangitse insulin kutulutsa.

Kukula kwa singano kolondola

Singano yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi 8 mm x 0,25 mm kutalika (30-31G), koma si onse omwe ali olingana. Kodi mungasankhe bwanji bwino? Ryan adati: "Tsoka ilo, anthu ambiri salandila malingaliro amtundu uliwonse wa kutalika kwa singano," akutero Ryan. "Mankhwala akuti 'insulin syringe' ndipo ndi chifukwa chake, odwala amagula zomwe zili palafini la mankhwala."

Chisankho chabwino masiku ano ndi singano zazifupi 4-5 mm kutalika kwa magulu onse, kuphatikiza ana ndi anthu onenepa kwambiri. Ryan anati: "Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti singano zazifupi komanso zopyapyala, monga 4-5 mm (32-31G), zimalepheretsa kupweteka ndikukulolani kuti mukhale ndi jakisoni," akutero Ryan. Chofunika kwambiri, singano zazifupi zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha kubaya insulin mwangozi.

"Anthu onenepa kwambiri nthawi zina amalangizidwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito singano zazitali, koma sizikhala choncho nthawi zonse," atero a Mary Pat Lormann, alangizi a shuga ku Veterans Medical Center. "Gulu lathu linayamba kugwiritsa ntchito singano zazifupi (4-5 mm) kwa odwala onse - singano zazitali nthawi zina zimalowa m'misempha m'malo mwa mafuta ochepa, omwe akuya malilimita 1.5 mpaka 3 okha."

Zochepa kuposa momwe mumaganizira

Ngati mulibe jakisoni wina kupatula katemera, dziyerekezereni nokha kuti syringe yocheperako ndiyotani kuposa, mwachitsanzo, syringe ya katemera wa chimfine. Phula la Syringe: Mapulogalamu a Pros ndi Consulin a insulin ndi njira ina yosagwirizana ndi syringe yachilendo. Mitundu yambiri ya insulin (ndi mankhwala ena ochepetsa kuti muchepetse magazi) imapezeka kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito m'mapensulo a syringe. Pali mitundu iwiri ya zolembera: zolembera zomwe zingagwiritsenso ntchito katemera wamankhwala, ndi zolembera zomwe zimatayidwa mutazigwiritsa ntchito bwino. Singano zimayikidwa pamitundu yonseyi. Ngati mukumwa insulin yogwira ntchito mwachangu ndi insulin yayitali yomwe siyiyenera kusakanikirana, mudzafunika ma cholembera awiri ndi jakisoni awiri (chimodzimodzi ndi syringes).

Ma syringe wokhala ndi singano yokhazikika (yolumikizidwa) amatha kuchepetsa chiwopsezo cha kutayika kwa insulin m'malo "akufa", chifukwa chake amalimbikitsidwa kuti ayendetsedwe ka insulin. Samalani ndi insulin ndende mukamagula syringe ya insulin. Ma syringe okhala ndi chilembo chomwecho amayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira insulin ya U-100.

Zolemba za singano ya insulin

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amayeserera kugwiritsa ntchito masingano otayika a insulin, popeza kugwiritsa ntchito syringe imodzi kumabweretsa microtrauma pakhungu. Majakisoni atsopano opyapyala amachitika popanda kupweteka. Ma singano a ma cholembera a insulini amagulitsidwa mosiyanasiyana, amaikidwa kumapeto kwa jakisoni ndi kunyoza kapena kulowerera.

Opanga zida za anthu odwala matenda ashuga amapanga cannulas omwe amatha kuthana ndi mankhwalawa osakanikirana ndi minyewa popanda kukhudza minofu yamatenda. Kukula kwa malonda kumasiyana kuchokera pa 0,4 mpaka 1.27 cm, ndipo kachulukidwe sikupitilira 0,23 mm (singano za insulin zodziwika bwino zimakhala ndi mulifupi wa 0.33 mm). Chochepera komanso chofupikitsa nsonga ya cholembera, jakisoni amatha.

Insulin singano

Mankhwala a insulin, ma singano ayenera kusankhidwa omwe ndi oyenera msinkhu, kulemera kwa thupi ndi njira yomwe angafune pakayamwa. Muubwana, jakisoni amapangidwa ndi singano yayifupi 0.4-0.6 masentimita. Kwa akulu, zida zomwe zili ndi masentimita 0.8-1 ndizoyenera, chifukwa kunenepa kwambiri, ndibwino kupaka jakisoni ndi syringes wamba. Mutha kugula ma singano a zolembera zama syringe pamalo aliwonse azamankhwala kapena mupeze mankhwala pa intaneti.

Zinthu zopangidwa mwaluso zopangira zida zamankhwala zokhala ndi mbiri yakale ndizodziwika kwambiri pakati pa odwala matenda ashuga. Kampani ya Micro Fine imatulutsa masingano osiyanasiyana a singano omwe amagwirizana ndi zida zopangidwa kwambiri. Zogulitsa zamakampani zimatengedwa kuti:

dzina lachitsanzo: database ya Micro Fine Plus,
mtengo: 820 r,
mawonekedwe: makulidwe 0,3 mm, kutalika 8 mm,
maula: ulusi wa screw universal,
Cons: sanapezeke.

Ma singano otsatirawa a mapensulo a insulini ndi abwino kwa ana komanso odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi khungu lowopsa, pakati pazinthu zake zazikulu ndizodziwika:

dzina lachitsanzo: DB Micro Fine Plus 32G No. 100
mtengo: 820 r,
mawonekedwe: kukula 4 mm, makulidwe 0,23 mm,
ma plusi: lakuthwa laser, zidutswa zana pa paketi iliyonse,
Cons: sanapezeke.

Lantus Solostar

Kuti adziwitse mankhwalawo, kampaniyi Lantus Solostar inakonza cholembera chaimvi cha dzina lomwelo ndi batani la lilac. Pambuyo pa jekeseni aliyense, muyenera kuchotsa syringe yomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito, kutseka chida ndi chipewa. Pamaso pa jakisoni wotsatira, ikani nsonga yatsopano yosabala. Ma cannulas otsatirawa amagwirizana ndi mtundu uwu wa zida za matenda ashuga:

dzina lachitsanzo: Insupen,
mtengo: 600 r,
mawonekedwe: kukula 0,6 cm, kuzungulira 0.25 mm,
ma plusi: lakuthwa mbali zitatu,
palibe: palibe.

Lantus Solostar yankho limapikisidwa kuyambira ubwana, chifukwa chake singano zazitali komanso zazing'ono ndizoyenera kubayitsa. Pakhungu la subcutaneous ndi mtundu wa insulin, mtundu wina wa syringe umagwiritsidwa ntchito:

dzina lachitsanzo: Insupen,
mtengo: 600 r,
Makhalidwe: Insupen, kukula 0.8 cm, kukula kwa 0.3 mm,
pluses: ulusi wopindika, kuvulala kochepa panthawi ya jakisoni,
Cons: sanapezeke.

Ma singano owonjezera owonda kwambiri a insulin a kampaniyi amaphatikizidwa ndi machitidwe onse a jakisoni wotsekemera. Matekinoloje amakono opangira, kuphatikiza miyeso yambiri, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kupewetsa kuwonongeka pakhungu, mawonekedwe a mabala ndi kutupa. Mtundu wotsatira wa singano za NovoFine ndizofala pakati pa odwala achikulire:

dzina lachitsanzo: 31G,
mtengo: 699 p.
mawonekedwe: zidutswa zana, kukula kwa 0.6 cm, kugwiritsa ntchito kamodzi,
maula: kupukuta zamagetsi, kuphimba kwa silicone,
Chuma: mtengo wokwera.

NovoFine ilinso ndi mitundu ingapo ya ma cannulas a insulin input zida zawo. Zogulitsazo zimapangidwira odwala matenda ashuga akuluakulu omwe thupi lawo limaposa lililonse. Mawonekedwe amtunduwu ndi awa:

dzina lachitsanzo: 30G No. 100,
mtengo: 980 r,
mawonekedwe: kukula 0,8 cm, m'lifupi 0.03 cm,
pluses: insulini yachangu,
Chiletso: zaka zoletsa.

Momwe mungasankhire singano za zolembera za insulin

Pofufuza zida zabwino zotayikira, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti zokulirapo ndi singano, mwachitsanzo, 31G, yaying'ono mulifupi mwake. Pogula cannulas, ndikofunikira kufotokoza bwino momwe zinthu zimagwirizana ndi syringe yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Izi zitha kuwerengeka pamapaketi. Ndikofunika kuti mankhwalawa apakisidwe ndikulowetsedwa m'mafuta osakanikirana osalowa m'matumbo a minofu, omwe ndi owopsa chifukwa cha hypoglycemia. Kugwirizana ndi chikhalidwe ichi kumatheka pogwiritsa ntchito kutalika kwa singano.

Christina, wazaka 40 Wakhala akudalira insulin kwa zaka ziwiri. Mwezi watha ndakhala ndikugwiritsa ntchito syringe ya Novopen, komwe ndidagulira singano ya Microfine. Mosiyana ndi zinthu wamba, zimakhala zowonda, zimabayidwa pafupifupi popanda kupweteka, ndipo palibe zomangira kapena ma cones omwe amapangidwa pamalo opangira jekeseni. Pali phukusi lokwanira kwa nthawi yayitali.

Victor, wazaka 24 Ndine wodwala matenda ashuga kuyambira zaka 20, kuyambira pamenepo ndiyenera kuyesera zinthu zambiri kuyang'anira insulin. Popeza pali vuto ndi kupezeka kwa ma syringe aulere m'chipatala chathu, ndinayenera kuwagulira ndekha. Malangizo a Novofine adabwera pa chipangizo changa cha jakisoni. Ndimakondwera kwambiri ndi zinthu zomwe kampaniyi ili nayo, kokha seti ndi yotsika mtengo pang'ono.

Nataliya, wazaka 37. Mwana wamkazi wamkazi ali ndi matenda ashuga (wazaka 12); amafunika kubaya jakisoni wa insulin tsiku lililonse kuti amve bwino. Pa upangiri wathu wa endocrinologist, adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wa Humapen Luxur. Michere Yabwino yopyapyala idadza kwa iye. Mwanayo amapangira jakisoni yekha, samva ululu, samva ululu.

Kusankhidwa kwa singano ya insulin

Popeza mankhwalawa amalowetsedwa m'thupi nthawi zambiri tsiku lonse, ndikofunikira kusankha kukula kwa singano yoyenera kuti insulini ipweteke. Hormoni imalowetsedwa mu subcutaneous mafuta, kupewa chiopsezo cha mankhwala intramuscularly.

Ngati insulin ilowa m'matumbo a minofu, izi zimatha kuyambitsa kukula kwa hypoglycemia, chifukwa timadzi timene timayamba kugwira ntchito mwachangu mu minofu iyi. Chifukwa chake, kukula ndi kutalika kwa singano kuyenera kukhala koyenera.

Kutalika kwa singano kumasankhidwa, kumayang'ana machitidwe a thupi, zathupi, zamankhwala komanso zamaganizidwe. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, kukula kwa gawo locheperako kumatha kusintha, kutengera kulemera, msinkhu komanso jenda ya munthu.

Nthawi yomweyo, makulidwe amafuta onunkhira m'malo osiyanasiyana amatha kusiyanasiyana, motero tikulimbikitsidwa kuti munthu yemweyo agwiritse ntchito singano ziwiri zazitali zosiyanasiyana.

Singano ya insulin ikhoza kukhala:

Mwachidule - 4-5 mm,
Kutalika kwapakati - 6-8 mm,
Kutalika - zoposa 8 mm.

Ngati anthu odwala matenda ashuga kale amagwiritsa ntchito singano 12,7 mm, masiku ano madokotala salimbikitsa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kuti asagwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa. Ponena za ana, kwa iwo singano ya 8 mm ndi yayitali kwambiri.

Kuti wodwalayo athe kusankha bwino kutalika kwa singano, tebulo lapadera lokhala ndi malingaliro lakhazikitsidwa.

Ana ndi achinyamata akulangizidwa kuti asankhe mtundu wa singano wokhala ndi kutalika kwa 5, 6 ndi 8 mm ndikapangidwe kakhola khungu ndikukhazikitsa mahomoni. Jakisoni imachitika pakona kwa madigiri 90 pogwiritsa ntchito singano ya 5 mm, madigiri 45 a singano 6 ndi 8 mm.
Akuluakulu amatha kugwiritsa ntchito ma syringes a 5, 6 ndi 8 mm. Poterepa, khola lakhanda limapangidwa mwa anthu ochepa thupi komanso ndi singano kutalika kopitilira 8 mm. Makona otsogolera insulin ndi madigiri 90 a singano 5 ndi 6 mm, madigiri 45 ngati masingano atali kuposa 8 mm amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Ana, odwala oonda komanso odwala matenda ashuga omwe amalowetsa insulin m'khutu kapena m'mbali mwake amalimbikitsidwa kuti apinditse khungu ndikubaya pakona madigiri 45 kuti muchepetse vuto la jakisoni wa intramuscular.
Singano yochepa ya insulin 4-5 mm imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala pazaka zilizonse za wodwalayo, kuphatikizapo kunenepa kwambiri. Sikoyenera kupanga khola pakhungu mukamagwiritsa ntchito.

Ngati wodwalayo akubaya insulin kwa nthawi yoyamba, ndibwino kuti mutenge singano yayifupi 4-5 mm. Izi zimathandiza kupewa kuvulala komanso jekeseni yosavuta. Komabe, mitundu iyi ya singano imakhala yodula, nthawi zambiri odwala matenda ashuga amasankha masingano ataliitali, osangoyang'ana pa thupi lawo komanso malo oyang'anira. Pankhani imeneyi, adotolo ayenera kuphunzitsa wodwalayo kuti apetse jakisoni kumalo aliwonse ndikugwiritsa ntchito singano zazitali zosiyanasiyana.

Anthu ambiri odwala matenda ashuga amakonda kudziwa ngati zingatheke kubaya khungu ndi singano yowonjezera pambuyo pa insulin.

Ngati syringe ya insulini imagwiritsidwa ntchito, singano imagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi komanso jakisoniyo atasinthidwa ndi wina, koma ngati kuli kotheka, musagwiritsenso ntchito nthawi zopitilira kawiri.

Kapangidwe ka insulin

Ma insulin ma insulin amapangidwa ndi pulasitiki wapamwamba kwambiri, yemwe samayenderana ndi mankhwalawo ndipo sangathe kusintha kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala. Kutalika kwa singanoyo kunapangidwa kuti mahomoniwo ailowetsedwe ndendende m'timabowo tosinjirira, osalowa mu minofu. Ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa insulin m'misempha, nthawi yamachitidwe a mankhwalawa imasintha.

Mapangidwe a syringe kuti apange jakisoni amabwereza kapangidwe kagalasi kapena mnzake pulasitiki. Muli zigawo izi:

singano yofupikirako komanso yopyapyala kuposa syringe yokhazikika,
silinda pomwe adaikapo mawonekedwe a sikelo yogawika,
pisitoni yomwe ili mkati mwa cylinder ndi kukhala ndi chidindo cha mphira,
flange kumapeto kwa silinda, komwe kumayikidwa jekeseni.

Singano yopyapyala imachepetsa kuwonongeka, chifukwa chake matendawa khungu. Chifukwa chake, chipangizochi ndichotetezeka kuti chizigwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku lililonse ndipo chinapangidwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti odwala amachigwiritsa ntchito paokha.

Syringes U-40 ndi U-100

Pali mitundu iwiri ya ma insulin:

U - 40, wowerengeka pa mlingo 40 wa insulin pa 1 ml,
U-100 - mu 1 ml ya mayunitsi 100 a insulin.

Nthawi zambiri, odwala matenda ashuga amangogwiritsa ntchito syringes u 100. Zipangizo zomwe sizogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magulu 40.

Mwachitsanzo, ngati mumadzipukusa nokha ndi insulin zana la 20 la insulin, ndiye kuti muyenera kudula ma EDs makumi awiri ndi makumi anayi (kuchulukitsa 40 ndi 20 ndikugawa ndi 100). Ngati mutha kumwa mankhwalawo molakwika, pamakhala chiopsezo chotenga hypoglycemia kapena hyperglycemia.

Kuti muzigwiritsa ntchito mosavuta, mtundu uliwonse wa chipangizocho chili ndi zipewa zoteteza mumitundu yosiyanasiyana. U - 40 amasulidwa ndi kapu wofiyira. U-100 imapangidwa ndi kapu yoteteza malalanje.

Kodi singano ndi ziti?

Ma insulin omwe amapezeka mu mitundu iwiri ya singano:

zochotsa
wophatikizidwa, ndiye kuti, wophatikizidwa ndi syringe.

Zipangizo zokhala ndi singano zochotseka zimakhala ndi zoteteza. Amaonedwa kuti ndi otayikira ndipo ukatha kugwiritsa ntchito, malinga ndi malingaliro, chipewa chikuyenera kuyikidwa pa singano ndi syringe yotaya.

Kukula kwa singano:

G31 0.25mm * 6mm,
G30 0.3mm * 8mm,
G29 0.33mm * 12.7mm.

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito syringe mobwerezabwereza. Izi zimadzetsa ngozi pazifukwa zingapo:

Singano yophatikizika kapena yochotsera sinapangidwire kuti igwiritsenso ntchito. Imagunduka, yomwe imawonjezera ululu ndi microtrauma ya khungu pakubaya.
Ndi matenda a shuga, njira yosinthira imatha kukhala yovuta, kotero microtrauma iliyonse imakhala pachiwopsezo cha zovuta za jakisoni.
Pogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zida zomwe muli ndi singano zochotseka, gawo la insulin yomwe ingabayidwe imatha kulowa mkati,

Pogwiritsa ntchito mobwerezabwereza, singano za syringe zimakhala zopanda pake komanso zowawa pakubaya.

Zowonera

Syringe iliyonse ya insulin imakhala ndi chizindikiritso chosindikizidwa pamiyala. Gawoli wamba ndi gawo limodzi. Pali ma syringe apadera a ana, omwe amagawika mayunitsi 0,5.

Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe ali mgulu la insulin, muyenera kugawa manambala ndi 100:

1 unit - 0,01 ml,
20 PIECES - 0,2 ml, etc.

Mulingo pa U-40 wagawika magawo makumi anayi. Chiyerekezo cha gawo lililonse ndi mulingo wa mankhwalawa ndi motere:

Gawo limodzi ndi 0,025 ml,
Magawo awiri - 0,05 ml,
Magawo anayi akuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa 0,5 ml,
Magawo asanu ndi atatu - 0,2 ml ya mahomoni,
Magawo 10 ndi 0,25 ml,
Magawo 12 apangidwira mlingo wa 0,3 ml,
Magawo 20 - 0,5 ml,
Magawo 40 amagwirizana ndi 1 ml ya mankhwalawa.

Malangizo a jekeseni

Ma insulin oyang'anira algorithm azikhala motere:

Chotsani kapu yoteteza ku botolo.
Tengani syringe, ndikukhomera poyimitsa mphira pa botolo.
Tembenuzani botolo ndi syringe.
Kusunga botolo mozondoka, jambulani nambala yofunikira ya syringe, yoposa 1-2ED.
Dinani pang'ono pang'onopang'ono pa silinda, kuonetsetsa kuti magulu onse am'mlengalenga atuluke.
Chotsani mpweya wambiri mu silinda pang'onopang'ono piston.
Chiritsani khungu pamalo omwe jekeseni idakonzekera.
Pierce khungu pakona madigiri 45 ndikuyamwa mankhwalawo pang'onopang'ono.

Momwe mungasankhire syringe

Mukamasankha chida chachipatala, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti zolemba zake zili zomveka komanso zowoneka bwino, zomwe zimakhala zowona makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lowona. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mukamalemba mankhwalawa, kuphwanya Mlingo nthawi zambiri kumachitika ndi vuto la theka la magawo awiri. Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito syringe ya u100, ndiye kuti musagule u40.

Kwa odwala omwe akupatsidwa muyeso wochepa wa insulin, ndibwino kugula chida chapadera - cholembera chokhala ndi masentimita 0,5.

Mukamasankha chida, mfundo yofunika ndi kutalika kwa singano. Singano amalimbikitsidwa kwa ana omwe ali ndi kutalika kosaposa 0.6 cm, odwala okalamba amatha kugwiritsa ntchito masingano a akulu ena.

Pisitoni mu silinda iyenera kuyenda bwino, osayambitsa zovuta ndi kuyambitsa kwa mankhwala. Ngati wodwala matenda ashuga akhazikika ndipo amagwira ntchito, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti musinthe kugwiritsa ntchito pampu ya insulin kapena cholembera.

Cholembera

Chipangizo cha insulin cholembera ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zachitika posachedwa. Imakhala ndi cartridge, yomwe imathandizira kwambiri jakisoni kwa anthu omwe amakhala ndi moyo wakhama ndipo amakhala nthawi yayitali kunja kwa nyumba.

Ma hand agawidwa mu: