Matenda a pakhungu la anthu: zovuta za matenda a shuga (chithunzi ndi kufotokozera)

Madokotala a ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo ma endocrinologists, kusintha kwa khungu la nkhope. Zilonda za pakhungu zimatha kupeza mwangozi kapena zodandaula za wodwala. Zosavulaza poyang'ana koyamba, kusintha kwa khungu kungakhale chizindikiro chokhacho cha matenda akulu. Khungu ndiye chinthu chofikirika kwambiri pakufufuzira ndipo nthawi yomweyo ndiye gwero lazidziwitso zofunika kwambiri. Chotupa chikhoza kufotokozera za matendawa m'matenda ambiri amkati, kuphatikiza matenda a shuga a mellitus (DM).

Kusintha kwa khungu ku shuga. Kusokonezeka kwakukulu kwa metabolism komwe kumayambitsa matenda a shuga kumabweretsa kusintha pafupifupi ziwalo zonse ndi minyewa, kuphatikizapo khungu.

Zizindikiro zina zokhudzana ndi matenda a shuga zimachitika mwachindunji pakusintha kwa metabolic, monga hyperglycemia ndi hyperlipidemia 4, 7. Kuwonongeka pang'onopang'ono kwa minyewa, mantha kapena chitetezo chamthupi kumathandizanso kwambiri kukulitsa mawonekedwe owonekera a khungu. Malangizo a zotupa zina zokhudzana ndi matenda a shuga amakhalabe osadziwika 7, 20.

Hyperinsulinemia imathandizanso pakusintha khungu, monga momwe timawonera poyambira matenda a shuga a 2.

Komanso kukulitsa kwambiri njira ya pakhungu pamafupipafupi a shuga macro- ndi microangiopathy. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, pamakhala “kututumuka” kapena kuchuluka kwa khoma lamitsempha, kutsika kwamitsempha kukakhala kuthekera kwachisoni komanso kupanikizika kwa mtima 4, 43. Kuphatikiza ndi arteriosulinosis ya zombo zazikulu, zovuta zamtunduwu zimathandizira kupanga zilonda zam'mimba. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi matenda ashuga, kutayika kwa khungu kosatha kumayamba, komwe kumayambitsa matenda ndi kuwonongeka. Monga lamulo, zotupa za khungu la anthu odwala shuga zimakhala ndi njira yayitali komanso yolimbikira komanso yowonjezera pafupipafupi ndipo ndizovuta kuchiza.

Pali magawo angapo a zotupa za pakhungu m'matenda a shuga, zimatengera mawonekedwe azachipatala ndi zina mwazinthu za pathogenesis pakusintha kwa khungu. Malinga ndi gulu la Khlebnikova A.N., Marycheva N.V. (2011) matenda a pakhungu mu shuga amawagawa m'magulu akulu asanu:

1) dermatoses yolumikizana ndi matenda a shuga,

2) matenda a pakhungu omwe amayambitsidwa ndi matenda a shuga komanso insulin,

3) matenda a pakhungu omwe amagwirizana ndi angiopathy,

4) zotupa zapantopic,

5) matenda oyamba ndi bakiteriya.

M'magulu omwe anafotokozedwa ndi Andrea A. Kalus, Andy J. Chien, John E. Olerud (2012), magulu otsatirawa a zotupa zokhudzana ndi matenda a shuga amadziwika:

1) mawonetsedwe apakhungu a matenda a shuga omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi metabolic, mtima, minyewa kapena matenda okhudzana ndi matenda ashuga, kupweteka kwa khungu, kudwala matenda a shuga, kuletsa kuyanjana koyanjana ndi matenda am'mimba, xanthomas, matenda a pakhungu (bakiteriya, fungal, zilonda zam'mimba).

2) matenda omwe amayambitsidwa ndi matenda a shuga, omwe ali ndi pathogenesis yosadziwika bwino (lipoid necrobiosis, granuloma, matenda a chifuwa, matenda a shuga).

Zogawikazo sizosiyana ndipo zimangothandizana wina ndi mnzake.

Ku dermatoses yomwe imakhudzana ndi shuga imaphatikizapo matenda a shuga. Scleredema imakhala yofala kwambiri ndi matenda ashuga a nthawi yayitali kuphatikiza kunenepa kwambiri ndipo amawonetsedwa ndi kusintha kwamkati kwamalingaliro amkati makamaka khosi ndi kumtunda kwachitatu kumbuyo ngati peel ya lalanje. Malinga ndi olemba osiyanasiyana, pafupipafupi momwe zimachitikira odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ndi 2,5,5% 28, 25, 50.

Adanenanso kuti pathogenesis ya diabetesic scleredema imakhala yopangidwa mosagwirizana ndi maselo amtundu wa extracellular a microblasts, omwe amatsogolera kukulitsidwa kwa mitolo ya collagen ndikuwonjezereka kwa glycosaminoglycans (GAG). Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a diabetes a sclerodema amatha kumva kuchepa kwa ululu ndi kupepuka kwa gawo la khungu lakhudzidwa, komanso kudandaula za zovuta pakusunthika kwamiyendo ndi khosi. Mwazowopsa, matendawa angayambitse kuchepa kwathunthu kwa kuyenda kosagwirizana, komabe, kukhalapo kwa scleredema sikugwirizana ndi retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, kapena kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya zazikulu 4, 25.

ZITHUNZI 1. Matenda a shuga

Kulumikizana ndi insulin kukhudzana ndi kunenepa kwambiri kumatha kuwoneka wakuda acanthosis (acantosis nigricans), omwe amawonetsedwa m'malo omwe khungu limasokonekera kwambiri ndi makulidwe a papillomatous m'khosi ndi makola akulu. Ntchito yayikulu pakukula kwa acanthosis imaseweredwa ndi insulin. Amayi omwe ali ndi vuto la acanthosis, kuchepa kwa masinthidwe a insulin receptor kapena anti-insulin antiept receptor (mtundu A A ndi mtundu B) amatha kupezeka ndi zaka 18, 31. Akukhulupirira kuti kukondoweza kwambiri kwa chinthu chomwe chikukula pakhungu kumayambitsa kuwonjezereka kwa keratinocyte ndi ma fibroblasts, zomwe zimapangitsa kukula kwa mankhwalawa. mawonetseredwe akuda acanthosis. Mikhalidwe ya insulin kukaniza ndi hyperinsulinemia, acanthosis imatha kukhazikika chifukwa chomangiriza insulini kupita ku IGF-1 zolandilira pa keratinocyte ndi fibroblasts. Umboni wokomera gawo la kukula kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana mu pathogenesis yakuda acanthosis ukupitilizidwa.

ZITHUNZI 2. Black acanthosis

Matenda osadziwika bwino a shuga ndi matenda oopsa amatha kupweteka pakhungu 46, 46 pakhungu. Amakhala ndi mapale otyera kwambiri achikasu mpaka 1-4 mm, okhala pamiyendo ndi pamalo owonjezera a miyendo. Zinthu za m'matumbo zimawoneka ngati mbewu ndipo pakapita nthawi zimatha kuphatikizika ndikupanga zolembera. Poyamba, triglycerides imakhala yayikulu pakhungu, koma chifukwa amaphatikizana mosavuta ndi cholesterol, ndi kuwola kwawo, kolesterol yambiri imadziunjikira pakhungu.

Insulin ndiwowongolera wofunikira pazinthu za LDL. Mlingo wa kuchepa kwa enzyme komanso kuyeretsa kwa seramu triglycerides kumakhala kofanana ndi zizindikiro za insulin kuchepa komanso hyperglycemia. Kuwonekera kwa plopma lipoproteins kumadalira kuchuluka kwa insulin. Mu matenda osagwirizana a shuga, kulephera kotero kuti mumvetsetse ndikumamasula ma kylomicrons ochepa komanso ma lipoproteins omwe amakhala ndi triglycerides kungayambitse kuchuluka kwa plasma triglycerides mpaka zikwi zingapo. Matenda osavomerezeka a shuga amakhala chifukwa chachikulu cha hypertriglyceridemia 4, 26, 29.

ZITHUNZI 3 zolakwika xanthomas

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amakonda msanga kukula kwa matenda opatsirana a pakhungu, makamaka ndi kuyang'anira glycemic. Pamaso pa khungu la odwala matenda ashuga, maulendo ochulukirapo a 2,5 amapezeka kuposa anthu athanzi, ndipo zochita za pakhungu pakhungu la odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga zimatsitsidwa ndi pafupifupi 20%. Kuchepetsa kumeneku kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kuopsa kwa matenda ashuga. Matenda opatsirana komanso otupa amayambira pakhungu la m'munsi malekezero a angio ndi neuropathies. Zomwe zimayambitsa nthawi zambiri zimakhala matenda a polymicrobial: Staphylococcus aureus, magulu a Streptococcus A ndi B, bacteria wa aerobic gram-negative ndi anaerobes ambiri. Pyoderma imayimiridwa makamaka ndi folliculitis, ecthyma, erysipelas ndipo imatha kupanikizika ndi eczematization. Kuphatikiza apo, kukulitsa kwa furunculosis, carbuncle, paronychia, matenda ofewa a minofu ndikotheka.

Poyerekeza ndi matenda am'mimba a shuga, kuchuluka kwa matenda oyamba ndi fungus kumawonedwa, momwe kapangidwe ka matenda mwa odwala omwe ali mgululi, malinga ndi olemba osiyanasiyana, 32,5 - 45% 14, 9. Mikhalidwe ya hyperkalemia, bowa amagwiritsa ntchito shuga machitidwe awo a metabolic ndikuchulukitsa kwambiri, ndikupangitsa nthendayo. Mu shuga mellitus, ma cellcirculation m'matumbo am'munsi amawonedwa pafupipafupi ka 20 kuposa anthu omwe alibe endocrine matenda, omwe amathandizira kukulitsa matenda a fungal a mapazi ndi onychomycosis. Omwe amachititsa matenda oyamba ndi fungus ndi dermatophytes ndi Candida albicans. Kuphatikiza apo, mwa anthu wamba, zotupa zapakhungu zoyambitsidwa ndi C. albicans sizidutsa 20%, pomwe odwala omwe ali ndi zilembo zambiri akuwonetsa mpaka 80 - 90%. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti 80% ya kulembetsa kwa khungu candidiasis imapezeka mwa odwala matenda ashuga. The intertrigo yodziwika bwino (yowonongeka kwa axillary, inguinal, spdigital space), vulvovaginitis, balanitis, paronychia, glossitis ndi angular cheilitis. Kuphatikiza pa matenda yisiti yakumazi, chiwopsezo cha asymptomatic chimawonjezerekanso odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.

ZITHUNZI 4 Zolemba pama khola akuluakulu

Matenda omwe amakhalapo chifukwa cha matenda ashuga komanso kukhala ndi pathogenesis yosadziwika bwino amaphatikiza lipoid necrobiosis, granuloma ya annular, chikhodzodzo cha matenda ashuga komanso matenda a shuga.

Lipoid necrobiosis (matenda a Oppenheim-Urbach) ndi matenda osinthika osasintha a mtima, omwe ndi cholidosis chodziwika bwino cha lipid m'magawo a dermis komwe kuli kusokonekera kapena necrobiosis ya collagen. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za dermatosis nthawi zambiri zimachitika mgulu la zaka 20 mpaka 60. Muubwana, matenda a Oppenheim-Urbach ndi osowa. Pafupipafupi mwadzidzidzi lipoid necrobiosis pakati pa odwala matenda a shuga ndi 0,3% 38, 6.

Chithunzi cha chipatala cha matenda a Oppenheim-Urbach ndichosiyana kwambiri. Mchitidwewo ungakhudzidwe ndi madera osiyanasiyana a pakhungu, koma makamaka khungu lakumaso kwa miyendo. Izi zikhoza kufotokozedwa ndikuti mu shuga, kusintha kwa matenda kumachitika m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono am'munsi. Nthawi zambiri, lipoid necrobiosis imawoneka ngati malo amodzi otanthauzira bwino achikaso. Zida zimakhala ndi m'mphepete mwachikuda zomwe zimatha kukwera pamwamba pa khungu kapena kumawirira. Popita nthawi, zinthu zomwe zimalumikizana komanso dera lapakati achikasu kapena lalanje zimakhala atrophic; telangiectasias nthawi zambiri imatha kuwoneka, zomwe zimapangitsa madera omwe akhudzidwawo kuwala kwa "phula lokongoletsedwa". Kudera lamapepala pamakhala kuchepa kwa chidwi cha 44, 2, 42.

ZITHUNZI 5 Lipoid necrobiosis

Erular granuloma 20% ya odwala ndi chizindikiro choyamba cha mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga. Chibale cha granuloma wa shuga ndi matenda ashuga chimakhalabe chotsutsana, chifukwa chimatha kuphatikizidwa ndi matenda ena. Zotchuka, zowerengeka, komanso mitundu yodandaula yafungo lama granuloma la annular lomwe limayenderana ndi matenda a shuga 3, 37, 24 adawonedwa.

Mbiri yodziwika bwino ya granuloma ya annular imakhudzana ndi mapepala amodzi kapena zingapo zomwe zimakula pamphepete ndikuwongolera nthawi imodzi pakatikati. Mtunduwu umatha kusunga mtundu wamtundu wa khungu kapena kukhala erythematous kapena wofiirira. Makulidwe amtundu wanthawi zonse kuchokera ku 1 mpaka 5 cm. Granuloma yoboola ngati mphete, monga lamulo, ndi asymptomatic, kuyabwa pang'ono pakhungu ndi kotheka, foci yopweteka ndizosowa.

ZITHUNZI 6 granuloma woboola pakati

Diabetesic bullosis ndi subepidermal bullous dermatosis yomwe imapezeka mwa odwala matenda a shuga.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba, thovu ngati imodzi mwazosankha zotupa pakhungu linawonedwa ndi D. Kramer mu 1930. A. Cantwell ndi W. Martz adafotokoza izi ngati matenda a diabetes 23,11.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda odabwitsa kwambiri kwa odwala matenda ashuga sizikudziwika. Pali malingaliro okhudzana ndi gawo la microangiopathy ndi zovuta zam'magazi. Matenda a shuga a shuga amapezeka makamaka mwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga a nthawi yayitali, nthawi zambiri amakhala mwa azimayi. Zaka zoyambira matendawa zimachokera zaka 17 mpaka 79.

Ma Bubble okhala ndi kukula kuyambira mamilimita ochepa mpaka masentimita angapo (nthawi zambiri pakhungu la malekezero ena) amawoneka pakhungu losasinthika. Mitundu iwiri ya zotupa ndi yodziwika: mabala omwe ali mkati mwa mapangidwe omwe amawonongeka popanda kupangika, ndi matuza a subepidermal, pambuyo pake zipsera zopanda kanthu zimatsalira. Zowombera zimapangidwa makamaka pamapazi ndi miyendo, koma zimatha kuchitika m'manja ndi m'manja. Mabulosi amangozithetsa pakatha masabata 2-5, kuyambiranso nkotheka.

ZITHUNZI 7 kuwira kwa matenda ashuga

Kusintha kwa khungu la atrophic kumadera akumunsi, kapena "owoneka ngati shin," adayamba kufotokozedwa ndikuyimira chizindikiro cha matenda ashuga mu 1964. Posakhalitsa, Binkley adalemba mawu akuti matenda a shuga "dermopathy" kuti agwirizane ndi kusintha kwa matendawa ndi matenda a retinopathy, nephropathy, ndi neuropathy. Dermopathy ya shuga imakhala yodziwika bwino kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a nthawi yayitali ndipo amakhala ochulukirapo pakati pa amuna 29, 40. Mwakuthupi, ndi malo ocheperako (osakwana 1 cm) kuchokera ku pinki kupita bulauni ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi minyewa yokhala m'malo otetezeka. Zinthuzi zimakhala ndi njira ya asymptomatic ndipo zimatha pambuyo pa zaka 1-2, zikusiyira kuwongolera pang'ono. Kutuluka kwazinthu zatsopano kukusonyeza kuti pigment ndi atrophy ndizopitilira.

ZITHUNZI 8 Matenda a shuga

Mavuto osinthana-endocrine nthawi zambiri amakhala omwe amayambitsa chitukuko cha dermatoses zina. Ubwenzi wina pakati pa matenda ndi kupezeka kwa endocrinopathy umadziwika. Matenda akulu a shuga adapezeka mu 19% ya odwala omwe ali ndi lichen planus, mwa ena mwa iwo munasintha kwambiri mayeso ololera a glucose. Nthawi zambiri, kuwonongeka kwa mucous nembanemba wamkamwa ndi ndulu ya poliyo kumalumikizidwa ndi matenda ashuga komanso matenda oopsa (Potekaev-Grinshpan syndrome), ndipo totupa pa mucous membrane, monga lamulo, limakhala losokonekera komanso lacousative m'chilengedwe. Pakufufuza kwakukulu kuti athe kudziwa mgwirizano womwe ulipo pakati pa psoriasis ndi thanzi labwino, zidapezeka kuti azimayi omwe ali ndi psoriasis ali ndi mwayi wambiri wodwala matenda a shuga, poyerekeza ndi odwala omwe alibe dermatosis. Poyerekeza ndi shuga, Psoriasis imakhala yolimba, monga mitundu ya psoriasis, psoriatic polyarthritis, psoriasis yamafupa akuluakulu imawonedwa.

Chifukwa chake, kusintha kwa khungu kungagwirizanenso ndi kayendedwe ka matenda omwe amachititsa matenda ashuga. Chithunzi cha matenda ndi pathomorphological cha dermatoses ndi dermopathies omwe adatsogola kapena kukulitsa motsutsana ndi maziko a matenda a shuga zimakhazikitsidwa ndi metabolic, mtima, mitsempha komanso chitetezo cha m'thupi.

Ndemanga:

Valeeva F.V., dokotala wa sayansi ya zamankhwala, pulofesa, mutu. Inde, endocrinology, pulofesa wa dipatimenti yachipatala yakuchipatala wokhala ndi endocrinology GBOU VPO "Kazan State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation", Kazan.

Sergeeva I.G., MD, pulofesa wa Department of Fundamental Medicine, FSBEI HPE, Novosibirsk National Research State University, Novosibirsk.

Lipoatrophy ndi Lipohypertrophy

Lipoatrophy ndi Lipohypertrophy

Lipohypertrophy ndi zotupa zopumira komanso zopumira m'malo omwe amaperekedwa jakisoni pafupipafupi kapena kupumira. Kodi ma jakisoni a insulin ndi ofunikira bwanji? Izi zotupa zamafuta pakapita nthawi zimatha kuuma komanso kukhala zopweteka, komanso kuchepetsa mphamvu ya mankhwala a insulin. Lipohypertrophy imapezeka m'malo omwe insulin imakonda kupakidwa ndi cholembera kapena pampu ya insulin.

Lipoatrophy, m'malo mwake, imabweretsa kuchepa kwamafuta pamalo opangira jakisoni pafupipafupi.

Njira yayikulu yothanirana ndi kuchiza ndikutsitsa insulin m'malo osiyanasiyana amthupi ndikupewera mbali imodzi yammimba kapena ntchafu. Ngati zilibe kanthu kuti mawonekedwe a nodule amawonekera, ndiye kuti amafunika kupewa jakisoni mu gawo ili la thupi kwakanthawi, ndipo amatha kutha pakapita kanthawi. Yesani kukhala osachepera masentimita asanu pakati pa mfundo za jakisoni. Musabwereze jekeseniyo pamalo amodzimodzi kwa milungu iwiri. Ngati lipohypertrophy ikuwonekera msanga m'thupi lanu ndikusokoneza mayamwidwe a insulin, ndipo matupa a mankhwalawa ndi okulirapo, ndikwabwino kuchita liposuction. Njira zina zochiritsira sizingapereke zotsatira zomwe mukufuna.

Matenda a shuga

Dermopathy ya matenda ashuga ndi matenda ofala kwambiri pakhungu. Palibe vuto ndipo sifunikira chithandizo.

Dermopathy ya matenda ashuga amapezeka amtundu wa 1 ndipo amalemba matenda ashuga 2 chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi chifukwa cha hyperglycemia. Vutoli lodziwika bwino mu shuga limaphatikizidwanso ndi zovuta zina za matenda ashuga, monga retinopathy ndi nephropathy.

Zizindikiro ndi zofufumitsa zofiirira zofiirira zokhala ndi kukula kochepera sentimita imodzi yomwe imayamba kutuluka pang'onopang'ono. Amapezeka pamiyendo yakumunsi, ntchafu ndi mikono yakutsogolo.

Dermopathy sizimaphatikizapo kumwa mankhwala, chifukwa ndilibe vuto. Madera owonongeka samapweteka, koma kuyabwa ndi kuyabwa. Tsoka ilo, komabe, izi zitha kukhala zaka zambiri, ndipo chidwi cha lesion chimakula, makamaka ngati chiwongolero cha matenda ashuga sichokwanira. Vuto lalikulu mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda opatsirana a shuga ndi gawo lokongola pazinthuzi.

Black acanthosis

Black acanthosis ndi matenda apakhungu amayamba chifukwa cha hyperinsulinism (kupanga kwambiri insulin mthupi). Itha kuwoneka odwala matenda ashuga II, osakhala mtundu woyamba. Zotsatira zake, amatha kukhala ndi insulini komanso kunenepa kwambiri.

Black acanthosis ndi wart brown kapena brownish-imvi mu mtundu, pang'ono mawonekedwe. Amapezeka m'makola a pakhungu, pakhosi, m'khonde, kuzungulira groin, armpits kapena popliteal fossa.

Chithandizo chachikulu ndikufunika kuchepetsa thupi, zomwe zimathandizanso kudziwa insulin.

Khungu likufa

Awa ndi matenda osowa kwambiri omwe nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa amayi achikulire omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1. Nthawi zina anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 amakhudzidwanso. Khungu limamwalira nthawi zambiri zimakhala chizindikiro choyamba cha matenda ashuga. Chomwe chimapangitsa izi ndi kutha kwa mafuta pansi pakhungu, chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi.

Chizindikiro cha kufa kwa khungu lamafuta ndimtundu wa bulauni kapena wachikasu, zofanana ndi zomwe zimawonetsedwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amakhala ndi dermopathy, koma amakhala ochulukirapo. Mitsempha yamagazi imawonekera kwambiri. Mawanga amayamba kunyetha.

Chithandizo chachikulu cha khungu necrosis ndimachiza ndi corticosteroids, mwachitsanzo, macheso amchifuwa cha mahatchi kapena acetylsalicylic acid. Choyamba, madera owonongeka ayenera kutetezedwa mosamala ku kuvulala ndi matenda.

Annular granuloma

Granuloma yooneka ngati mphete ndimatenda ofala kwambiri mwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga. Uku ndi kusinthasintha kwakanthawi komanso pang'onopang'ono pang'onopang'ono. Matendawa amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1, makamaka achinyamata ochepera zaka 15, komabe

Zilonda zolimba, zoterera (zotupa), zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapezeka pamiyendo, komanso zimatha kugwira mbali zina za thupi

Monga mankhwala a granulomas a annular, mafuta ofunda a nayitrogeni ndi corticosteroid amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndizothekanso kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yogawa yogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi Photochemotherapy (PUV).

Matenda a shuga

Matenda a shuga a matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amakhudza achinyamata omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1. Amadziwika ndi kufiira kwa khungu m'masaya ndi chibwano, m'manja ndi miyendo. Zomwe zimayambitsa ndikuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yaying'ono ya magazi osagwirizana ndi osakwanira odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo komanso hyperglycemia.

Matenda a diabetes a erythema ndi osasangalatsa pawokha, koma safunikira chithandizo chapadera. Muyenera kutsatira zakudya komanso kuchepetsa shuga. Iyi nsañu yamwekeni yamukunkulwayi.

Vitiligo, Albinism

Vitiligo ndi chimodzi mwazovuta zomwe zimapezeka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2. Zizindikiro zazikulu ndi zoyera mawanga pakhungu, zomwe sizili zovulaza, koma zimatha kukhala vuto lokongoletsa wodwalayo. Nthawi zambiri, zimawoneka kumbuyo, mikono, nkhope ndi miyendo.

Ngati vitiligo yaoneka kale, mwatsoka, ndizovuta kuti ichotse. Malo oyera amayang'ana dzuwa pang'ono, motero amalimbikitsidwa kuti atetezedwe ndi kuwala ndi dzuwa. Monga chithandizo, Phototherapy yophatikiza ndi kukonzekera kwazitsamba, mafuta a corticosteroid ndi oyenera.

Njira yothetsera vitiligo imatha kutenga chaka chimodzi. Komabe, mukangoyamba chithandizo, ndiye mwayi wopambana.

Matenda oyamba ndi mabakiteriya

Matenda oyamba ndi mabakiteriya omwe amayambitsidwa ndi matenda osokoneza bongo ndizosavuta kupeza, koma ndizovuta kwambiri kuchiza. Amawonekera pakhungu monga zithupsa, "barele", maluwa kapena misomali ya ukazi. Zizindikiro zazikulu ndizo redness, peeling, kuyabwa, matuza, ndi zina zambiri. Matenda oyamba ndi mabakiteriya amafunika kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opha ma antifungal komanso maantibayotiki osankhidwa bwino. Ndikulimbikitsidwanso kukaonana ndi dermatologist

Matenda a shuga

Chitsanzo cha zilonda zam'mimba za matenda ashuga

Matenda a shuga a matenda ashuga ndi matenda omwe amatha kudzetsa mavuto akulu komanso ndikadulidwa. Zilonda zam'mimba za matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'munsi mwa phazi mumayendedwe a purcin-necrotic, zilonda zam'mimba ndi zotupa zam'mimba. Ndiofala kwambiri pamapazi a anthu odwala matenda ashuga amtundu 1.

Mulimonsemo, chikhalidwe chachikulu cha mankhwalawa pakhungu la matenda ashuga komanso kuwongolera glycemic ndiko kukwaniritsa koyenera kwa HbA1c.

Pankhani yamavuto azakudya zam'mimba, ndibwino kuti muchepetse kuwonongeka kwawo kapena kukhala ndi shuga m'magazi kuposa kuchiza.