Momwe mungapewere zovuta za matenda ashuga

Mavuto a matenda ashuga ndiofala ku mitundu yonse iwiri yamatenda. Ngati wodwalayo akupitiliza kudya zakudya zomwe zimapangitsa kuti shuga azikhala ndi shuga pang'ono (chakudya chochepa) ndi chakudya, ndiye kuti ngakhale ndi insulin kapena mapiritsi, ma molekyulu amatha kuwononga mitsempha yaying'ono komanso yayikulu, yomwe imawonetsedwa ndi kusokonezeka kwa zakudya zamagulu.

Njira yamatendawa komanso chiyembekezo cha moyoodwala matenda ashuga zimadziwika kuti ndiwochuluka motani mothandizidwa ndi chakudya komanso mankhwala omwe amawongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Kupewa kwakukulu kwa mitsempha ndi mitsempha kumakhala ndi zinthu izi:

• kuphatikizidwa kwa shuga, ufa ndi zinthu zonse zomwe zimachulukitsa shuga (magazi okhala ndi glycemic index), mafuta aminyama,
• glycemia ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi tsiku lonse,
• kusintha kwa mankhwala ngati kuli kofunikira,
• adachita zolimbitsa thupi
• kuwunika pafupipafupi ndi a endocrinologist ndi mayeso,
• kukambirana ndi ophthalmologist, neurologist, cardiologist ndi akatswiri ena.

Kulephera kwa minofu kutengera shuga kumabweretsa kufooka kwa mphamvu. Chifukwa chake, pofuna kupewa matenda, njira yochiritsira idapangidwa yomwe imateteza maselo ku zotsatira za kusala kudya kwanthawi yayitali. Mulinso mankhwala omwe ali ndi izi:

• antihypoxic (ziletsa njala ya oxygen) - Actovegin, Cytochrome,
• yambitsa kagayidwe kazinthu zamanjenje - Cytoflavin, Cerebrorm,
• thandizani magwiridwe ake a antioxidant system - mavitamini C ndi E,
• pewani kufa kwa maselo amitsempha - Ceraxon, Cortexin.

Mu ana, owopsa kwambiri amakhala chikomokerezimachitika mwadzidzidzi kusinthasintha kwa shuga m'magazi. Popewa kukula kwawo ndikuchita zinthu, ngati sikunali kotheka kupewa, makolo ndi ana amaphunzitsidwa shuga kusukulu.

Hypoglycemic chikomokere oyambitsa zolakwika ndi insulin kapena zolakwika ndi mwana:

• Mlingo wolakwika
• insulin imalowetsedwa osati pakhungu, koma kulowa mu minofu (imalowa m'magazi mwachangu),
• Mwanayo adayiwala kudya kapena kudya zochepa poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta,
• masana, zolimbitsa thupi zinali zokulirapo kuposa momwe anakonzera,
• pa mankhwala, chidwi cha mahomoni chinawonjezeka.

Mbali yodziwika bwino ya chikomokere ndi hypoglycemia - Ichi ndi chitukuko mwachangu, nthawi zina patangopita mphindi zochepa. Ndikofunika kuti mwana adziwe zizindikiro zakuchepetsa shuga. (njala, manja akunjenjemera, kupweteka mutu, kukomoka), za kuthekera kwa chikhalidwe chosayenera, kusokonezeka kwa chikumbumtima komanso kuyankhula kosamveka aphunzitsi ndi abwenzi apamtima adadziwitsidwa.

Chingwe cha matenda ashuga

Zikatero zibangili za matenda ashuga: amafanana ndi wotchi yomwe imati "Ndili ndi matenda ashuga", dzina ndi kulumikizana ndi abale. Kwa alendo, izi zikutanthauza kufunikira kwa kuchipatala kwa odwala.

Shuga wochepa (hypoglycemia) amatha kuchitika mwadzidzidzi, chifukwa chake ana nthawi zonse amapatsidwa shuga kapena maswiti, msuzi, uchi kuti achitepo kanthu mwachangu. Kwa wodwala, vuto lalikulu la wodwalayo liyenera kukhala nthawi kuti amuthandize kutenga chinthu chokoma kwambiri.

Pakakhala kuchepa kwa insulin kwambiri, matupi a ketone amapangidwa. Zimaletsa ubongo ndipo zimatsogola. Mavuto amatha chifukwa cha:

• cholakwika (mlingo wotsika)
• syringe yolakwika, cholembera kapena pampu jekeseni,
• wodwala (makolo) sangathe kusintha mlingo wake potengera shuga wamwazi,
• mankhwala atha kumayambitsidwa kapena kusungidwa mosayenera, omwe atayika ntchito,
• Wodwalayo amasiya chithandizo chamankhwala mosavomerezeka (m'malo mwa mahomoni ndi mapiritsi, njira zina),
• kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya mahomoni (kupsinjika, kutenga pakati, matenda, kuvulala).

Ana amakhala oopsa, amakana kudya, kuda nkhawa ndi ululu wam'mimba komanso kusanza, nthawi zambiri amafanana ndi matenda opaleshoni. Chizindikiro chofunikira ndi kununkhira kwa acetone kuchokera mkamwa.. Monga ketoacidosis imachuluka chikumbumtima sichitha ndipo kukomoka kumawonekera.

Thandizo loyamba ndikuchipatala, adokotala asanafike, insulin yochepa imatha kutumikiridwa, koma pokhapokha pali glucometer, ndipo shuga ndi pamwamba pa 10 mmol / l. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kumwa mwana ndi madzi oyera akumwa, chotsani mafuta onse pachakudya musanamuyezetsa dokotala.

Cholinga chachikulu cha kupewa matenda ashuga ndi pewani kupitilira kwa matenda omwe alipo a mtundu woyamba kapena wachiwiri. Odwala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zakudya ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kutsatira malangizo omwe amakhala ndi moyo wathanzi ayenera kukwaniritsa izi (zonse zomwe zimadziwika mmol / l):

• shuga wamagazi: pamimba yopanda kanthu mpaka 6 (kuyambira mtsempha) kapena mpaka 5.5 (kuchokera chala), mutadya (maola awiri pambuyo pake) - mpaka 7.5,
• cholesterol yathunthu mpaka 4,5, ndipo otsika kachulukidwe lipoprotein zovuta mpaka 2.5.

Glycated hemoglobin osapitirira 6.5% ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi mpaka 130/80 mm RT. Art. Amachepetsa kwambiri kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya zamaso ndi impso.

Pa mimba, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti musinthe mankhwala a insulin, mosasamala mtundu. Choyamba, muyenera kusintha kadyedwe, ntchito zolimbitsa thupi tsiku ndi tsiku ndizofunikira. Tsiku lililonse, miyezo ya shuga ya magazi imalimbikitsidwa musanadye komanso mutadya. Zikachitika kuti kwa masiku 10 osintha osadziwika, ndiye kuti insulini imayikidwa. Kubadwa kwa mwana kumachitika mochitika pogwiritsa ntchito gawo la cesarean, popeza mwana wosabadwayo amakula kuposa zazing'ono zake.

Vuto lovuta kwambiri limaphatikizapo hyperglycemic (diabetes) ndi hyperosmolar coma. Amachitika ndikuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa shuga m'magazi ndipo zimachitika chifukwa chotsatira bwino matendawa. Mavuto apambuyo pake akuphatikizira zotupa:

• mitsempha yaying'ono ya maso (retinopathy) ndi minyewa ya impso (nephropathy),
• mitsempha yapakatikati ndi yayikulu - myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, ischemic stroke, ikuwonongeka kwa atherosranceosis
• ulusi wamitsempha - polyneuropathy, phazi la shuga, matenda a mtima (mtima, m'mimba, dongosolo la genitourinary).

Popewa kukula kwawo, ndikofunikira:

• ndi mtundu 1 wa matenda ashuga ndi 2 pamlingo wowonjezera wa insulin, muyezo wa glycemia katatu pa tsiku,
• Kwa odwala omwe ali pamapiritsi ndi chithandizo cha zakudya, miyezo ya shuga imatengedwa kamodzi patsiku ndipo tsiku limodzi pa sabata muyenera kupanga mbiri ya glycemic,
• kuyeza kuthamanga kwa magazi tsiku lililonse
• osachepera kamodzi pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kuti mukacheze ndi ophthalmologist, mtima ndi neuropathologist, kamodzi pachaka - dokotala wa opaleshoni ya mtima.

Zofunika: matenda a shuga amawonjezera mwayi wakhungu ndi kulephera kwa impso chifukwa cha makumi awiri, kudulidwa mwendo chifukwa cha makumi asanu, matenda amtima wodwala matenda ashuga atha kukhala kasanu, ndipo stroko ndi chifukwa cha zitatu poyerekeza ndi ena onse. Zizindikiro zomwe zakwaniritsidwa zikakwaniritsidwa, ziwopsezozi zimagwa kangapo, mavuto sangathe kupewedwa konse, koma ndi chithandizo chabwino amapezeka pambuyo pake ndikupitilira mosavuta.

Werengani nkhaniyi

Kupewa koyambirira kwa zovuta za mtundu 1 ndi shuga 2

Mavuto a shuga mellitus ndiofala pamitundu yonse iwiri yamatenda, chifukwa kukula kwawo kumalumikizidwa ndi kubwezera koyipa kwa matendawa. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa insulin kapena kuperewera kwathunthu, shuga m'magazi amakwezedwa nthawi yayitali.

Wodwalayo akapitiliza kudya zakudya zomwe zimapangitsa kuti shuga azikhala ndi chakudya pang'ono, ndiye kuti ngakhale ndi zovuta za insulini kapena mapiritsi, ma molekyulu amatha kusokoneza mitsempha ya magazi. Zotsatira zake, mitsempha yaying'ono ndi yayikulu imakhudzidwa, yomwe imawonetsedwa ndi kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi.

Milingo yochepa ya insulin

Chifukwa chake, nthawi ya matendawa ndi chiyembekezo cha odwala matenda ashuga kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kuchuluka kwake komwe amatha kukonza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mothandizidwa ndi chakudya ndi mankhwala. Kupewa kwakukulu kwa mitsempha ndi mitsempha kumakhala ndi zinthu izi:

• kuphatikizidwa kwa shuga, ufa ndi zinthu zonse zomwe zimachulukitsa shuga (magazi okhala ndi glycemic index), mafuta aminyama,
• glycemia ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi tsiku lonse,
• kusintha kwa mankhwala ngati kuli kofunikira,
• adachita zolimbitsa thupi
• kuwunika pafupipafupi kwa endocrinologist ndi mayeso: glycated hemoglobin, lipid mbiri, ECG, ma ultrasound a ziwiya zamiyendo,
• kukambirana ndi ophthalmologist, neurologist, cardiologist ndi akatswiri ena atakumana ndi matenda othandizira.

Kulephera kwa minofu kutengera shuga kumabweretsa kufooka kwa mphamvu. Chifukwa chake, pofuna kupewa matenda a mtima ndi chiwonongeko cha ulusi wamanjenje, njira yopangira mankhwala yapangidwa yomwe imateteza maselo ku zotsatira zam'mimba zomwe zikuchitika nthawi yayitali. Mulinso mankhwala okhala ndi izi:

• antihypoxic (ziletsa njala ya oxygen) - Actovegin, Cytochrome,
• yambitsa kagayidwe kazinthu zamanjenje - Cytoflavin, Cerebrorm,
• thandizani magwiridwe ake a antioxidant system - mavitamini C ndi E,
• pewani kufa kwa maselo amitsempha - Ceraxon, Cortexin.

Ndipo pali zambiri zokhudza matenda a shuga kwa ana.

Njira zopewera kusamalira ana

Ngati mavuto a mtima atulukiridwa mwa akulu, ndiye kuti mwa ana owopsa kwambiri amakhala opweteka kwambiri. Amachitika ndi kusinthasintha kwakuthwa m'magazi amwazi. Popewa kukula kwawo, makolo ndi ana amaphunzitsidwa pasukulu ya odwala matenda ashuga, pomwe amapereka chidziwitso cha zizindikiro zoyambirira za zovuta izi komanso chisamaliro chodzidzimutsa cha mwana ngati akuwopsezedwa kuti akuchitika.

Hypoglycemic chikomokere

Vutoli limayambitsidwa ndi zolakwika za insulin kapena zochita za mwana:

• Mlingo wolakwika
• insulin imalowetsedwa osati pakhungu, koma kulowa mu minofu (imalowa m'magazi mwachangu),
• Mwana adayiwala kudya kapena kudya zochepa poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu (chifukwa chofala kwambiri)
• masana, zolimbitsa thupi zinali zokulirapo kuposa momwe anakonzera,
• pa mankhwala, chidwi cha mahomoni chinawonjezeka.

Zinthu zonsezi zimabweretsa kutsika kwa shuga m'magazi. Chowoneka mosiyana ndi chikomokere ndi hypoglycemia ndikutukuka kwake mwachangu, nthawi zina patangopita mphindi zochepa. Ndikofunikira kuti mwana adziwe zizindikiro zakuchepa kwa shuga (njala, manja akunjenjemera, mutu, kukomoka), ndipo aphunzitsi ndi abwenzi apamtima adadziwitsidwa za kuthekera kwa chikhalidwe chosayenera, kusokonezeka kwa chikumbumtima komanso kuyankhula kwakunja.

Ndipo hypoglycemia (shuga wotsika) zimatha kuchitika mwadzidzidzi, chifukwa chake ana nthawi zonse amapatsidwa shuga kapena maswiti, msuzi, uchi kuti achitepo kanthu mwachangu. Kwa wodwala, vuto lalikulu la wodwalayo liyenera kukhala chifukwa chomuthandizira kutenga chinthu chokoma kwambiri, ngakhale sichikhala chovuta kwambiri, ndiye kuti shuga siyingasinthe kwambiri, ndipo ngati shuga yatsika, itha kupulumutsa moyo.

Matenda a shuga ketoacidosis

Ndikusowa kwa insulin, thupi limaphwanya kwambiri mafuta ndipo nthawi yomweyo matupi a ketone amapangidwa mopitirira muyeso. Zimaletsa ubongo ndipo zimatsogola. Ndiko kuwonetsera koyamba kwa matendawa kwa ana omwe makolo awo sakudziwa za kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga mwa mwana ndipo samathandizidwa ndi insulin. Ngati chithandizo chotere chalamulidwa kale, zovuta zimatha kubweretsa:

• cholakwika (mlingo wotsika)
• syringe yolakwika, cholembera kapena pampu jekeseni,
• wodwala (makolo) sangathe kusintha mlingo wake potengera shuga wamwazi,
• mankhwala atha kumayambitsidwa kapena kusungidwa mosayenera, atayika ntchito,
• Wodwalayo amasiya chithandizo chamankhwala mosavomerezeka (m'malo mwa mahomoni ndi mapiritsi, njira zina),
• kufunikira kwakukulu kwa mahomoni (kupsinjika, kutenga pakati, matenda, zoopsa, mankhwala).

Ana amakhala oopsa, amakana kudya, kuda nkhawa ndi ululu wam'mimba komanso kusanza, nthawi zambiri amafanana ndi matenda opaleshoni. Chizindikiro chofunikira ndi kununkhira kwa acetone kuchokera mkamwa. Pamene ketoacidosis imakulirakulira, chikumbumtima chimatha ndipo kukomoka kumawonekera.

Kupewa Matenda a shuga Awiri

Kupewa matenda ashuga oyamba kumathandizira kokha ndi mtundu wachiwiri. Cholinga chake ndi kuzindikira prediabetes mwa odwala omwe ali pachiwopsezo ndikuletsa kuti isakhale shuga weniweni. Njira zachiwiri zimapangidwa kuti zitha kupititsa patsogolo matenda omwe alipo a mtundu woyamba kapena wachiwiri.

Pofuna kupewa zovuta, odwala omwe amadya komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kutsatira malangizo omwe amakhalanso ndi moyo wathanzi ayenera kukwaniritsa izi (mfundo zonse za mmol / l):

• shuga wamagazi: pamimba yopanda kanthu mpaka 6 (kuyambira mtsempha) kapena mpaka 5.5 (kuchokera pachala), mutadya (maola awiri pambuyo pake) mpaka 7.5,
• cholesterol yathunthu mpaka 4,5, ndipo otsika kachulukidwe lipoprotein zovuta mpaka 2.5.

Glycated hemoglobin osapitirira 6.5% ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi mpaka 130/80 mm RT. Art. Amachepetsa kwambiri kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya zamaso ndi impso. Kuti mupeze pafupi magawo omwe mukufuna, muyenera kutsatira malangizo a zakudya, kugwiritsa ntchito insulin kapena mapiritsi kuti muchepetse shuga, antihypertensives ndi lipid-kuchepetsa mankhwala.

Zoyenera kuchita pa mimba

Ngati mayi atenga pakati ndi matenda ashuga, osatengera mtundu wake, kusinthidwa kwa mankhwala a insulin ndikofunikira. Ndi chitukuko cha matenda osokoneza bongo munthawi ya gestation (gestational), choyambirira, muyenera kusintha zakudya - chotsani shuga ndi mafuta oyera mwanjira iliyonse, mphesa, masiku, mbatata ndi zakudya zina zamtengo wapamwamba. Zonthu zonse zogulidwa, zakumwa, sosi ndi zinthu zam'chitini zimaletsedwanso.

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi tsiku ndi tsiku ndizofunikira - kuyenda, makalasi mu dziwe, masewera olimbitsa thupi. Tsiku lililonse, miyezo ya shuga ya magazi imalimbikitsidwa musanadye komanso mutadya. Zikachitika kuti kwa masiku 10 osintha osadziwika, ndiye kuti insulini imayikidwa. Kubadwa kwa mwana kumachitika pang'onopang'ono pogwiritsa ntchito gawo la masesere, chifukwa mwana wosabadwayo mwa akazi otere amakhala ndi zazikulu kuposa zofananira.

Kupewera zovuta, mochedwa

Kuphatikiza pa hypoglycemia ndi ketoacidosis, zovuta zowawa kwambiri zimaphatikizapo hyperglycemic (diabetes) ndi hyperosmolar coma. Amachitika ndikuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa shuga m'magazi ndipo zimachitika chifukwa chotsatira bwino matendawa. Mavuto apambuyo pake akuphatikizira zotupa:

• mitsempha yaying'ono ya maso (retinopathy) ndi minyewa ya impso (nephropathy),
• mitsempha yapakatikati ndi yayikulu - myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, ischemic stroke, ikuwonongeka kwa atherosranceosis
• ulusi wamitsempha - polyneuropathy, phazi la shuga, matenda a mtima (mtima, m'mimba, dongosolo la genitourinary).

Ngakhale kuti zonsezi zimasiyana pakawonetsedwe, zimakhazikitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Popewa kukula kwawo, ndikofunikira:

• ndi mtundu 1 wa matenda ashuga ndi 2 pamankhwala olimbitsa insulin, muyezo wa glycemia kamodzi pa tsiku (pakalibe zovuta),
• Kwa odwala omwe ali pamapiritsi ndi chithandizo cha zakudya, muyeso wa shuga umachitika kamodzi patsiku ndipo tsiku limodzi pa sabata muyenera kupanga mbiri ya glycemic (m'mawa, musanadye komanso mutatha kudya, usiku),
• kuyeza kuthamanga kwa magazi tsiku lililonse
• osachepera kamodzi pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kuti mukacheze ndi ophthalmologist, mtima ndi neuropathologist, kamodzi pachaka - dokotala wa opaleshoni ya mtima.

Onani vidiyo yokhudza zovuta za matenda ashuga:

Pofuna kumvetsetsa kufunikira kwa malingaliro awa, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti shuga imawonjezera mwayi wakhungu ndi kulephera kwa impso chifukwa cha makumi awiri, kudulidwa kwamiyendo chifukwa cha makumi asanu, matenda a mtima mu odwala matenda ashuga ali ndi mwayi wowirirapo kasanu, ndipo stroko ndizowonjezereka katatu kuposa ena onse . Zizindikiro zomwe zakwaniritsidwa zikakwaniritsidwa, ziwopsezozi zimagwa kangapo, mavuto sangathe kupewedwa konse, koma ndi chithandizo chabwino amapezeka pambuyo pake ndikupitilira mosavuta.

Ndipo izi ndizambiri pazizindikiro ndi chithandizo cha hypoparathyroidism.

Mavuto a shuga amabwera mosemphana ndi malingaliro pazakudya ndi mankhwala, omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Mu ana, hypoglycemia ndi ketoacidosis nthawi zambiri zimachitika, ndipo akuluakulu, mitsempha ndi mitsempha. M'mimba komanso matenda ashuga, amayamba ndi mankhwala othandizira kudya komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, osakwanira, odwala amapatsidwa insulin.

Pofuna kupewa zovuta, ndikofunikira kukwaniritsa glucose wamagazi, cholesterol, ndi mipherezero yamagazi.

Kuperewera kwa mahomoni kumatha kupangitsa kuti hypoparathyroidism, Zizindikiro ndi chithandizo chamankhwala zomwe zimangopezeka kwa endocrinologist. Zomwe zimayambitsa ana ndi kubereka, kusowa kwa vitamini D. Palinso ma postoperative, alimentary, pulayimale ndi sekondale. Pambuyo pakuzindikira, mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi zakudya zimayendetsedwa kuti mupewe zovuta.

Ngati acromegaly yapezeka, zomwe zimayambitsa ndi zizindikilo zimatha kusiyana pang'ono matendawa komanso matenda, komanso mwa ana, azimayi ndi abambo. Hormones, ultrasound, CT, MRI ithandizira pakuzindikira. Mankhwalawa ndi munthu payekha.

Zowopsa pachimake adrenal kusakwanira kumatha kuchitika pazaka zilizonse. Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndizosowa kwa mahomoni. Zizindikiro za mawonekedwe owopsa amakula nthawi yomweyo.

Nthawi zambiri kuphatikiza zakumwa zoledzeretsa zimaberekanso, koma zinthu zina zimapangitsa munthu kukhala wamkulu. Zizindikiro zimadalira kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka. Kuwunika kofunikira ndi mahomoni a matenda a Manda. Diagnosis imaphatikizapo ultrasound, CT, biopsy ndi ena, pambuyo pake mankhwala amadziwika.

Chimodzi mwamavuto otchuka a chithokomiro ndi goiter end. The etiology yamatendawa imakhazikitsidwa chifukwa cha kusowa kwa ayodini komanso dera lomwe akukhalamo, zizindikiro za zotupa zimasiyana pamlingo wakupita. Zomwe zimayambitsa kupukusa goiter ndizoyimira mawonekedwe. Mavuto ndiovuta kwambiri.

Kusamalira miyendo

Mu shuga, muyenera kusamalira bwino mapazi anu. Kufalikira koyipa phazi kumatha kubweretsa zovuta zazikulu. Pakasokonezeka ka magazi, dzanzi ndi kupweteka m'miyendo zikuwoneka ngati mukuyenda, kapena popumula, kapena kugona, miyendo imakhala yozizira, yotuwa kapena yotupa, kudula miyendo kumachita bwino.

Kusamalira mapazi anu, muyenera:

• Sambani mapazi anu tsiku lililonse pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ofunda (osatentha) ndi sopo wofatsa,
• Pukuta bwino mapazi, makamaka pakati pa zala zakumaso,
• fufuzani ming'alu, khungu lowuma kapena kudula kumapazi,
• gwiritsani ntchito zonona emollient kuti khungu lisasalala
• chepetsa zosewerera mzere wowongoka,
• Valani nsapato zabwino. Onetsetsani kuti mulibe nsapato kapena miyala mu nsapato,
• Valani masokosi oyera tsiku ndi tsiku.

Simungachite:

• mapazi okwera
• ikani zonona kumadulira kapena pakati pa zala,
• gwiritsani ntchito zinthu zakuthwa kudulira khungu pamiyendo,
• gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala azamba kuti muchotse chimanga,
• kuyenda nsapato
• gwiritsani ntchito compress kapena potentha mapiritsi.

Kusamalira maso

Kusamalira maso ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri loyang'anira madokotala ambiri. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ali ndi chiopsezo kwambiri chowonongeka ndi maso kuposa anthu wamba. Onetsetsani kuti mumayang'ana maso anu pafupipafupi. Mu shuga, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana maso chaka chilichonse, makamaka kamodzi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Kupewa zovuta zamatenda a shuga kumachitika makamaka pakudziyang'anira pawokha. Ngati mukufuna kukhala wathanzi, onetsetsani kuti mwatsata malangizo onse azachipatala.

Popewa zovuta za shuga, malamulo ena ayenera kuwonjezeredwa:

• Pitilizani mankhwala a insulin panthawi yomweyo, musataye jakisoni wa insulin. Kufunika kwa insulin panthawi yamatendawo sikuti kumangopitilizabe, komanso kumawonjezeka. Pankhaniyi, mlingo wa insulin suyenera kuchepetsedwa, ngakhale kufunika kwa chakudya kumachepetsedwa, popeza vuto lomwe limapangitsa (matenda) limabweretsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
• Ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga a 2, pitilizani kugwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi a shuga.
• Yang'anani magazi anu am'magazi ndi ma cell a kwamikodzo. Hyperglycemia (woposa 13 mmol / l) imafuna kuchuluka kwa insulin,
• Lumikizanani ndi endocrinologist wanu ngati matendawa amakhala nthawi yayitali kuposa tsiku (kusanza, kupweteka kwam'mimba, kupumira mwachangu).

Kodi matenda ashuga ndi chiyani?

Matenda a shuga ndi mkhalidwe wakuthupi lomwe, pazifukwa zambiri, glucose samasweka bwino ndipo shuga ya magazi imakwera. Matendawa amakhudzana mwachindunji ndi zakudya, chifukwa glucose amalowerera mthupi la munthu ndi zinthu zina.

Matenda a shuga ndi imodzi mw matenda akale kwambiri padziko lapansi: zaka za zana lachiwiri AD, asayansi achi Greek amafotokozera. Madokotala akale sanathe kuchiza matenda oyamba a shuga ndipo odwala adamwalira ndi matenda ashuga, ndipo wachiwiri adalandira chithandizo chofanana ndi masiku ano: zakudya, zolimbitsa thupi, mankhwala azitsamba. Jakisoni wa insulin yekhayo ndiye anawonjezera pamndandanda wa njira zamakono.

Zomwe zimayambira matenda a shuga

Kupewa komanso kuchiza matenda ashuga, omwe amakhudza anthu mamiliyoni padziko lonse lapansi, kukuchititsabe mikangano pakati pa asing'anga, chifukwa palibe njira yabwino yochotsetsera matendawa. Zomwe zimayambitsa chitukuko cha matendawa sizifotokozedwanso: monga nthawi zonse, mndandandawo ndiwotalikirapo ndikuwonetsa kuti chilichonse chomwe chingayambitse matenda a shuga.

Matenda a shuga a Type 1 ndi matenda oopsa, omwe mawonekedwe ake amalimbikitsidwa kwambiri ndi chibadwa cha majini. Matenda oyamba ndi ma virus (mwachitsanzo rubella), omwe amasamutsidwa adakali ana kapena nthawi ya prenatal, pamaso pazinthu zina zowonongeka zimakhudzanso mawonekedwe a T1DM. Zinthu zazikulu za nitrate mu chakudya zitha kuwonongeranso maselo a insulin beta komanso zimakhudza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Zomwe zimayambitsa chitukuko cha matendawa zimatha kukhala kukhazikitsa kolakwika kwa zakudya zowonjezera za ana, zomwe zimakwiyitsa kuchuluka kwa ziphuphu.

Kuphatikiza apo, pali zifukwa zazikuluzikulu zoyerekeza zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga mthupi la munthu.

Kupewa matenda a shuga 1

Munthu yemwe ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu ayenera kupewa rubella, mumps, ndi ma virus osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo chimfine ndi herpes simplex.

Kuyamwitsa mwana kuyenera kuchitika mpaka chaka chimodzi ndi theka. Komanso, kuyambira ndili mwana ndikofunikira kufotokozera ana anu momwe angakhalire pamavuto ndi momwe angagwirizane ndi zochitika zosayenera zomwe zimachitika.

Muyeneranso kupatula pazakudya zomwe muli nazo zochulukirapo zowonjezera komanso zakudya zam'chitini. Malangizowa akuyenera kuchitika ngati pakati pa abale apachibale a munthu wodwala odwala matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba.

Kuteteza matenda a shuga a 2

Kunenepa kwambiri kumaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wazomwe zimayambira matenda a shuga, kotero kuwongolera kunenepa kwanu ndikudzipatsa masewera olimbitsa thupi tsiku ndi tsiku ndikofunikira. Chitsogozo chabwino kwambiri podziwa kulemera koyenera chimakhala BMI (index ya body mass).

Koma kutaya mapaundi owonjezera a zakudya zotopetsa sikuyenera. Ndikofunikira kungowerengera zakudya zomwe zimapangidwira komanso mafuta onse, mafuta otsekemera, zakudya zonunkhira kwambiri, komanso zinthu zamzitini, zopangira confectionery m'malo ndi zina zothandiza - mwachitsanzo, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Thungani chakudya bwino kuti muchotse katundu wowonjezera pamimba. Idyani katatu patsiku.

Kodi zovuta za odwala matenda ashuga ndi ziti?

Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti ngati matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba komanso wachiwiri samawagwiritsa ntchito bwino kapena samawongolera konse, ndiye kuti magazi a wodwalayo adzakhala okwera kuposa masiku onse.

M'nkhaniyi, tikambirana za momwe, chifukwa cha chithandizo chosayenera, shuga ya plasma, m'malo mwake, imatsika.

Matendawa amatchedwa hypoglycemia. Mungapewe bwanji ngati chawoneka kale? Izi zitha kupezeka muzomwe zatchulidwa pansipa. Mavuto osafunikira kwambiri ndi awa: matenda ashuga a ketoacidosis ndi hyperglycemic coma.

Izi ndi zomwe zimadziwika kwambiri chifukwa cha matendawa. Amawonekera pomwe shuga wa wodwalayo sakhala wokwera kwambiri, koma kwambiri. Ngati palibe chomwe chimachitika munthawi yake, ndiye kuti izi zitha kuchititsa kuti munthu afe.

Wodwala aliyense ayenera kudziwa kuti matenda a diabetes a ketoacidosis, hypoglycemic coma ndi chiyani, ndipo ndi njira ziti zothandiza kwambiri zopewera zovuta za matendawa.

Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mtundu woyamba wamatenda, komanso anthu okalamba ndi wachiwiri.

Ngati munthu adziyimira pawokha machitidwe owopsa kale, ndiye kuti madokotala amakhala ndi nthawi yovuta kwambiri kumenyera thanzi ndi moyo wa wodwalayo. Mukamakhala ndi moyo wolakwika, kuchuluka kwaimfa kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri. Zimapanga pafupifupi kotala ya milandu yonse.

Ngakhale izi zili choncho, odwala ambiri amakhala olumala ndi kufa pasadakhale, osati chifukwa cha kupweteka kwambiri, koma chifukwa cha zovuta zina. Monga lamulo, awa ndi mavuto akulu ndi impso, miyendo yam'munsi, komanso ntchito yowoneka.

Mavuto obwera chifukwa cha matenda ophatikizika amaphatikizapo kuphwanyidwa mu ziwonetserozo za ziwongo, maonekedwe ndi ntchito zina. Amawoneka pomwe matendawa ndi oyipa kapena samathandizidwa konse. Chifukwa cha izi, ketoacidosis kapena hyperglycemic coma imatha kuwoneka. Chifukwa chiyani zovuta zotere ndizowopsa? Muyenera kuyang'anira kuti zimayamba pang'onopang'ono, popanda chizindikiro.

Komanso, sizimakhudza thanzi la wodwala wa endocrinologist.

Pakalibe zizindikiro, munthu samawona kufunika kwa chithandizo chodzidzimutsa. Monga lamulo, zizindikiro zoyambirira zathanzi zimayamba kuwonekera pokhapokha mochedwa.

Pambuyo pake, munthu amangokhala ndi imfa isanakwane. Pabwino, amangolemala. M'pofunika kudziwa kuti zovuta za matenda ashuga ndizomwe muyenera kusamala nazo kwambiri.

Matenda amtunduwu omwe amaphatikizapo ntchito ya impso amatchedwa diabetesic nephropathy. Koma mavuto omwe amatha kuwona ndi matenda ashuga retinopathy.

Izi zonse zimawoneka chifukwa choti shuga yayikulu yamwazi imatha kukhala ndi vuto lililonse pakukhulupirika kwa mitsempha yaying'ono komanso yayikulu. Zotsatira zake, kuthamanga kwa magazi kwa ziwalo zonse zamkati ndi ma cell zimasokonekera.

Chifukwa cha izi, amakhala ndi njala ndikumwalira. Ndizofunikanso kudziwa kuti kuwonongeka kwakukulu pakuyenda kwamanjenje kumakhala kofala kwambiri.

Vuto lake losafunikira kwambiri ndi matenda a shuga. Zimatha kupangitsa kuti muzindikire zizindikiro zosayembekezereka komanso zosiyana siyana.

Nthawi zambiri anthu amakhala ndi mavuto ndi miyendo yam'munsi. Uku ndiye kuphatikiza kwa mapangidwe amitsempha yamagazi omwe amadyetsa mitsempha, mitsempha ndi ma capillaries amiyendo, ndikuphwanya chidwi cha mitsempha yopita kumapeto.

Kuchokera kuzidziwitso zonse zomwe tawonetsera pamwambapa, titha kunena kuti pakadali pano pali zovuta zotere zomwe zimabuka motsutsana ndi maziko a matenda oopsa:

1. lakuthwa. Izi zimaphatikizapo izi: ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, matenda a shuga.
2. mochedwa (wosachiritsika). Izi zimaphatikizapo matenda monga: diabetesic nephropathy, matenda ashuga retinopathy, matenda ashuga a mtima.

Malangizo popewa zovuta za matenda ashuga a mellitus 1 ndi 2

Kupewa matenda monga matenda ashuga ndi njira yachindunji yopita ku thanzi lathupi lonse.

Njira zomwe zimachitidwa pa nthawi yake zingathetseretu matenda omwe amapezeka mwa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo.

Koma kwa iwo omwe ali nacho kale, njira zina zothandizira zimakhala zovuta kuzisintha. Choyamba muyenera kuphunzira zomwe zimatchedwa memo popewa matenda.

Muli malingaliro ena omwe angathandize kupewa matenda ashuga. Mukawamamatira, ndiye kuti simungakhale ndi nkhawa kuti mtsogolomu mudzakumana ndi matenda otere.

Pofuna kupewa matenda, matendawa ndi okwanira:

1. Yang'anani ulamulirowu masana ndi kupuma,
2. Pewani kugwira ntchito kwambiri
3. lekani kuchita mantha, makamaka kuchita zachinyengo,
4. sungani malamulo aukhondo,
5. khalani nyumba yanu yoyera
6. Limbikitsani pafupipafupi
7. kuchita masewera
8. lekani zizolowezi zoyipa,
9. pitani pafupipafupi endocrinologist,
10. Nthawi zonse muziyesa mayeso oyenera,
11. idyani moyenera, kupewa kudya kwambiri,
12. Muyenera kuwerenga mawonekedwe a zomalizidwa ndipo samalani kwambiri ndi zomwe zili mkati mwa calorie, komanso chidwi ndi zomwe zili mu iwo.

Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti azimayi, omwe kulemera kwawo kumawonjezeka ndi pafupifupi 17 kg pa nthawi ya bere, nawonso ali pachiwopsezo. Kupewa kuyenera kuyamba mwana atabadwa.

Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchepetse ndi izi. Matenda a shuga amayamba kukula pang'onopang'ono, ndipo matendawa amatha kutha zaka zingapo.

Mwa njira zazikulu zodzitetezera kwa akazi, zotsatirazi ndizofala:

1. kubwezeretsa kulemera koyenera,
2. kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi
3. kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Njira zopewera matenda ashuga ana

Ponena za ana, ndikofunikira kuchititsa kupewa matenda omwe amafunsidwa kuyambira kubadwa.

Ngati khandalo lili ndi vuto lakudya, ndiye kuti amadya zosakaniza zapadera, osati mkaka wa m'mawere, ndiye kuti liyenera kusamutsidwira ku chakudya chopanda lactose.

Onetsetsani kuti mukukumbukira kuti maziko osakanikirana amkaka ndi mkaka wa ng'ombe, womwe umakhala wopanda pake pakugwira ntchito kwa kapamba wakhanda.

Njira yofunikira ndikukhazikitsa malo abwino kwambiri kwa mwana ndikuthandizira njira zodzitetezera kumatenda a ma virus.

Kupewa matenda a shuga a ana

Kuphatikiza apo, ana ali ndi mphamvu zambiri kotero kuti kwa nthawi yayitali samadandaula za zizindikiro zilizonse zokayikitsa ndikuwoneka wathanzi mokwanira. Koma akangokhala ndi mwayi wopeza mwana wosadziwa chifukwa cha shuga wambiri. Chifukwa chake kupewa matenda a shuga kwa ana, choyambirira, kumakhala ndi mayeso apadera, makamaka ngati pali wachibale wawo wapafupi ndi nthenda yofanana. Ngati ndi kotheka, mwana ayenera kutetezedwa ku matenda onse opatsirana. Koma chinthu chachikulu ndikupewa kupsinjika kwakukulu kuchokera ku moyo wa mwana (zipsinjo zapamwamba m'banjamo, mawu achipongwe ndi zomwe adauzidwa, etc.).

Kuteteza Anthu Akoga Matenda a Akazi

Pankhani ya zisonyezo ndi maphunziridwe, shuga ya akazi imasiyana pang'ono ndi matenda a shuga amphongo. Koma kupewa matenda ashuga mwa akazi kuli, komwe kuli ndimakhalidwe ake.

Poyamba, kusintha kwa mahomoni kumachitika ndi amayi nthawi zambiri (kusamba, msambo, kulera kwa mahomoni, kusamba, ndi zina), izi sizikhala choncho nthawi zonse. Kuchepa kwa mahomoni kumakhudza kwambiri kugwira ntchito kwa endocrine system, chifukwa chake kuwunikira njirazi pamodzi ndi endocrinologist ndi gynecologist ndikofunikira.

Kachiwiri, kupewa matenda ashuga mwa akazi mosalephera kumaphatikiza kuwongolera thupi, chifukwa azimayi amalemera kawiri kuposa amuna.

Makamaka mosamala muyenera kuyang'anira thanzi lanu mukakhala ndi pakati, chifukwa pali chinthu monga matenda a shuga.Matenda a shuga ochitika m'mimba nthawi zambiri amapezeka nthawi yobereka ndipo imadutsa pambuyo pobadwa kwa mwana, koma ndi zovuta zina zimatha kukhala T2DM.

Kufunika kwa kusamala kwa madzi popewa matenda

Chowonadi ndi chakuti pakusowa madzi am'mimba, kapamba amachepetsa mphamvu popanga insulin ndipo amataya zoyesayesa zake zonse kuti akhale opanda madzi. Motere, shuga ya magazi imatha kuchuluka ngakhale mwa munthu wathanzi. Koma mkangano wamphamvu kwambiri pakuthandizira madzi ndi chakuti kuphulika kwa glucose kwathunthu ndikotheka ngati kuli ndi madzi okwanira mthupi.

Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito madzi osavuta. Tiyi, khofi, mowa, kvass, etc. - Awa ndi zakumwa zomwe zitha kudziwika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwamadzimadzi a chakudya, samatha kuyenda bwino ndi ntchito yobwezeretsa madzi moyenera.

Udindo wa chakudya chopatsa thanzi pakupewa matenda ashuga

Kupewera kwa matenda ashuga kumakankhidwira kumtunda pankhani yakudya. Aliyense amakonda kudya zakudya zabwino, ndipo nthawi zambiri zakudya zomwe munthu wamba amadya zimakhala zopanda ntchito. Ndikosavuta kusiya zizolowezi zanu zoyipa zam'magazi, koma ndizofunikira: zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi mankhwala osungirako, mafuta, zowonjezera zamankhwala zimangotulutsa kapamba ndikuwonjezera mwayi wa munthu wodwala matenda ashuga kangapo. Zakudya zotsogola sizitanthauza kukana shuga kwathunthu, koma zikutanthauza kuti munthu sangadye kwambiri, azidya chakudya nthawi zambiri, koma m'malo ochepa, amasankhanso zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba.

Zipatso zatsopano, masamba ndi timadziti timakhala tili ndi gawo lina la michere ya mbewu, choncho chimbudzi chawo chimachotsa katundu osafunikira m'mimba. Makonda makamaka apatsidwe kabichi, beets, tsabola ndi belu.

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi komanso kupewa matenda ashuga

Kuphatikiza kwakukulu kwa masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi kuchepa kwa kunenepa kwambiri, koma masewera ndi gawo la njira zingapo zodzitetezera ku matenda a shuga, osati chifukwa cha izi: masewera olimbitsa thupi amachotsa shuga owonjezera m'magazi.

Hafu ya ola patsiku ndiyochepera yomwe muyenera kuyesetsa kuchita masewera aliwonse kapena masewera olimbitsa thupi. Simuyenera kupita kukachita masewera olimbitsa thupi ngati simungakwanitse, kapena kuthamanga m'mawa, ngati mukufuna kugona nthawi yayitali - mutha kuthamanga, kuyenda, kuyendetsa ndege, kusambira, ndi zina zotere.

Njira yosavuta yokhalira mawonekedwe ndikuyenda ndi abwenzi nthawi zambiri, kuyenda momwe mungathere, ndikusewera masewera akunja ndi ana.

Kukula kwa kupsinjika

M'machitidwe awo, madokotala nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi zochitika zomwe zimabweretsa nkhawa, zomwe wodwalayo anali kukumana nazo kwambiri, zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa matenda a shuga ndikupangitsa kudwala matenda ashuga. Zochitika zambiri zimakhala za ana komanso achinyamata kwambiri omwe sanazolowere moyo ndipo sanaphunzire kulekerera kupsinjika. Chifukwa chake, pamene akuti kupewetsa matenda a shuga kumatanthauza kukula kwa kupsinjika - awa si mawu okha omwe anganyalanyazidwe. Poyerekeza ndi zomwe zakumana ndi zovuta kwambiri, simungangopeza matenda a shuga, komanso imathandizira kupita patsogolo kwa matendawa kawiri, kapena katatu.

Muyenera kuphunzira momwe mungalumikizane ndi zolephera ndi kutaya kwa moyo. Ngati munthu ali wokonda chidwi komanso wogwiritsidwa ntchito mosavuta, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kucheza ndi anthu osalimbikitsa kapena ankhanza. Musasangalale ndi malingaliro okopa kuti nikotini kapena mowa ungathandize kuthana ndi mavuto amisala, ndibwino kulipira chidwi chodzilimbitsa.

Chifukwa chiyani kuyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse ndi akatswiri

Kupewera kwa matenda ashuga nthawi zonse kumaphatikizapo kuwunika panthawi yake.Wogwira ntchito alibe nthawi yochulukirapo, makamaka m'mizinda yayikulu, komabe ndizofunikira zake kuti awunike index ya glycemic pafupifupi zaka zitatu zilizonse. Mapeto ake, nkhondo yotsatira yolimbana ndi matenda a shuga imatenga nthawi yochulukirapo kuposa mzere wokhazikika kwa adotolo.

Mfundo zochizira matenda ashuga ovuta

Matenda a shuga amawopa mankhwalawa, ngati moto!

Muyenera kungolemba ...

Nthawi zambiri, madokotala amapeza mwa odwala awo matenda enanso omwe si chifukwa cha matenda ashuga, koma amawagwirizanitsa.

Tsoka ilo, ndizofala ndi mitundu yonse iwiri yamatenda.

Monga mukudziwa, chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba ndikuphwanya kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a chitetezo chamunthu. Imadziyimira payokha ndikuwononga ma cell a beta a kapamba, omwe amathandizira pakupanga insulin.

Mankhwalawa ndi kuphatikiza zakudya zama carb ochepa ndi zakudya zopanda mafuta.. Izi zimathandizira kubwezeretsa chitetezo chathupi.

Mu matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, matenda oopsa oopsa nthawi zambiri amachitika. Pangakhalenso zovuta ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta oyipa mthupi. Gout samayamba.

Pankhaniyi, muyeneranso kulabadira zakudya zamafuta ochepa. Koma, zakudya zotere siziyenera kuchitika ngati, mwachitsanzo, munthu ali ndi matenda a gout.

Izi zimafotokozedwa mophweka: chakudya chotere chimawonjezera plasma uric acid.

Kuti muchepetse maphunziro a shuga ndi gout angakuthandizeni: mankhwala azitsamba, CHIKWANGWANI, kukana kuchokera mu zakudya ndi mafuta, kumwa antioxidants, kugwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi a magnesium.

Kupewa matenda a shuga kwa ana ndi achinyamata: chithandizo cha zovuta

Matenda a shuga m'magazi a ana ndi matenda osachepera a metabolic, omwe amadziwika ndi mapangidwe a hyperglycemia komanso kuphwanya chitetezo cha insulin. Matendawa amakula mwachangu, limodzi ndi kuchepa kwa kulemera kwa mwana ndi chidwi chachikulu, ludzu lalikulu komanso mkodzo wambiri.

Kuti muzindikire matenda ashuga mwa mwana, kufufuza kwachipatala kuyenera kuchitidwa. Njira zazikulu ndikutsimikiza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kuzindikira kuchuluka kwa kulolera kwa glucose ndi mayeso ena apadera.

Njira zazikulu pakuthandizira matenda a shuga a ana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso insulin. Kupewa matenda a shuga kwa ana kumaphatikizapo kukhazikitsa zakudya zoyenera.

Zizindikiro zoyipa za matenda ashuga

Kusowa kwathunthu kapena gawo la insulin kumabweretsa ziwonetsero zosiyanasiyana zamatenda a metabolic. Insulin imapereka kufalitsa kudzera mwa cell membrane wa potaziyamu, glucose ndi amino acid.

Ndikusowa kwa insulin, kuwonongeka kwakuthwa kwa kagayidwe kakang'ono ka glucose kumachitika, motero kumadziunjikira m'magazi ndipo hyperglycemia imayamba.

Mlingo wamkodzo umachuluka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga mumkodzo, ichi ndi chizindikiro cha matenda a shuga kwa ana. Glucosuria imakwiyitsa polyuria chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwa mkodzo wa mkodzo.

Madokotala amafotokozera kuti polyuria ndi chizindikiro cha kumangika kwamadzi. Nthawi zambiri, zimachitika chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka mapuloteni, mafuta ndi glycogen mothandizidwa ndi insulin.

Kuchuluka kwa shuga mu seramu yamagazi, komanso polyuria, kumapereka serum hypersmolarity ndi ludzu losalekeza - polydipsia. Njira yosinthira chakudya chamafuta kukhala mafuta ndi mapuloteni kaphatikizidwe imasokonekera. Mwa ana, Zizindikiro zimatha kutchulidwa kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, zimayamba kuchepa thupi msanga, kwinaku ndikumakhala ndi njala.

Pali kuchepa kwa insulin mwa ana, zomwe zimadziwika ndi kuphwanya mafuta kagayidwe. Makamaka, kuphatikizika kwamafuta kumachulukirachulukira, lipolysis imachuluka, ndipo kuchuluka kwamafuta acid kumalowa m'magazi.

Kupanga kwa NADP-H2, komwe ndikofunikira pakuphatikizidwa kwamafuta acid komanso kuthetseratu matupi a ketone, kumachepetsedwa.Chifukwa chake, triglycerides ndi cholesterol imayamba kupanga milingo yayikulu. Mpweya wotuluka umanunkhira acetone.

Kuperewera kwa insulin pothana ndi matenda a shuga kwa ana kumayambitsa kupanga kwambiri kwa P-lipoproteins m'chiwindi, atherosulinosis imapangidwa, yomwe imayambikanso ndi hypercholesterolemia ndi hypertriglyceridemia.

Zomwe zimapangidwa mu mucopolysaccharides zomwe zimakhala mu seramu yamagazi panthawi ya matenda a shuga zimatha kugwera munsi, malo a endothelial, komanso magawo a pericapillary kenako ndikukhala hyaline.

Chifukwa cha pathological process, kusintha kumachitika mu ziwalo zotere:

• fundus
• mtima
• chiwindi
• ziwalo zam'mimba,
• impso.

Ndi mawonekedwe a insulin akusowa, kudzikundikira kwa lactic acid kumachitika m'misempha, komwe kumayambitsa hyperlactacidemia, yomwe imakulitsa acidosis.

Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa insulin pochiza matenda osokoneza bongo a shuga, kusokonezeka kwa kagayidwe kakang'ono kam'madzi ndi madzi kumawonekera, komwe kumalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi hyperglycemia, glucosuria, komanso ketoacidosis.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga ana

Asanayambike shuga kwa ana, pamakhala nyengo yokhazikika yachikhalidwe chosakhala cholimba. Makolo sangakhale ndi chidwi kuti mwana nthawi zambiri amayendera kuchimbudzi ndikumwa madzi ambiri. Makamaka mawonetsedwe awa amawonedwa usiku.

Pakadali pano, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga kwa ana sizimveka. Matendawa amapezeka chifukwa cha:

• chibadwa
• matenda opatsirana ndi ma virus
• Katemera wa Katemera.

Nthawi zambiri, matenda a shuga kwa ana amawonekera chifukwa cha kachilombo komwe kamayambitsa maselo a pancreatic. Ndi chiwalo ichi chomwe chimapanga insulin. Zoipa zoyipa kwambiri ndi matenda:

1. mumps - mumps,
2. matenda a chiwindi,
3. chikuku
4. rubella.

Ngati mwana anali ndi rubella, chiopsezo cha matenda a shuga amachulukitsidwa ndi 20%. Pakakhala vuto lenileni la matenda ashuga, matenda opatsirana mwa ma virus sangakhale ndi vuto.

Ngati mwana ali ndi makolo onse awiri omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, ndiye kuti nthendayo imapezekanso ndi mwanayo. Ngati matendawa apezeka mwa mlongo kapena mchimwene wake wa mwanayo, mwayi wake wodwala umawonjezereka ndi 25%.

Kumbukirani kuti kubadwa kwa majini sikutanthauza kuti munthu azikhala ndi matenda ashuga. Mtundu wowonongeka sungatengeke kuchokera kwa kholo. Pali nthawi zina pamene mmodzi wamapasa awiri amadwala.

Matenda a shuga amatha kudwala pambuyo pa matenda:

• autoimmune chithokomiro,
• glomerulonephritis,
• lupus,
• chiwindi.

Matenda a shuga a Type 2 amatha chifukwa cha kudya kwambiri komanso kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi. Mwa akulu ndi ana omwe ali ndi thupi labwinobwino, matendawa amawonekera pang'onopang'ono mwa 8 mwa 100.

Ngati kunenepa kwambiri kwamthupi, ndiye kuti chiwopsezo cha matenda ashuga chimakulanso.

Njira zoyesera

Kuwonetsedwa kwamankhwala a shuga kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa shuga. Glucose wabwinobwino amakhala m'magulu 3.3 - 5.5 mmol / L. kuchuluka kwa shuga wofika 7.5 mmol / l nthawi zambiri kumawonedwa mu matenda a shuga a latent.

Kuphatikizidwa kwa shuga m'magazi pamwamba pa chizindikirochi kukusonyeza kupezeka kwa shuga kwa ana ndi akulu.

Kuyesedwa kwapadera kwa glucose kumachitidwanso. Choyamba, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatsimikiziridwa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Kenako ana ndi akulu amamwa 75 g shuga ndi madzi. Ana osakwana zaka 12 amadya 35 g shuga.

Pambuyo maola awiri, kuyezetsanso magazi kwachiwiri kumachitika kuchokera ku chala. An m'mimba ultrasound amathanso kuchitidwa kuti athetse kutupa mu kapamba.

Kuchiza ana kumachitika ndi ana endocrinologist, kutengera mtundu wa matenda. Ndi matenda amtundu 1, chithandizo chamankhwala ndichofunikira.Payenera kukhala insulini, yomwe thupi limafunikira chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kapamba.

Ana omwe ali ndi zovuta ayenera kutsata zakudya zapadera. Mwanayo sayenera kufa ndi njala ndikudya kangapo 4-5 pa tsiku.

Ngati mankhwalawa anali osaphunzira kapena osakonzekera, matendawa amatha kuyamba. Amapanga mkati mwa theka la ola ndipo ali ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• kufooka koopsa
• kugwedezeka miyendo,
• thukuta lalikulu
• njala
• mutu
• kuwona kwakachepera
• kukomoka mtima,
• kusanza ndi mseru.

Mwa ana ndi achinyamata, zomwe zimasinthasintha nthawi zambiri zimatha kukhala zodetsa nkhawa, kapena zankhanza komanso zamanjenje. Ngati chithandizo sichinaperekedwe, ndiye kuti simukuyenera kukhala ndi mayendedwe olakwika, mawu omva zowonera, komanso zotsatira zowopsa - kukomoka kwakukulu.

Mwanayo azikhala ndi chokoleti chokoleti ndi iye, chomwe angadye ndikukhazikitsa mlingo waukulu wa insulin kuposa momwe angafunikire pakadali pano. Chifukwa chake, munthu amatha kupewa kupweteka. Komabe, zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku za mwana siziyenera kukhala zopatsa mphamvu zambiri.

Kuchiza ana kumakhudzanso kugwiritsa ntchito ma insulin omwe amakhala mwachidule, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi Protofan ndi Actrapid. Mankhwala amaperekedwa mwachisawawa ndi cholembera. Chida choterechi chimapangitsa kukhazikitsa bwino mlingo womwe mukufuna. Nthawi zambiri ana amalimbana ndi vutoli.

Nthawi zonse miyezo ya shuga ya magazi imaperekedwa ndi glucometer. Zizindikiro za chipangizochi, komanso chakudya chomwe chimadyedwa, ziyenera kudziwika mu diary yapadera.

Pambuyo pake, diary imasonyezedwa kwa adokotala kuti awerenge kuchuluka kwa insulin yomwe akufuna. Mu matenda amtundu wa 1, ovuta kwambiri, kupatsidwa kwa kapamba kumasonyezedwa. Kuphwanya zakudya ndizoletsedwa.

Ndi matenda 2 a shuga, chithandizo chimaphatikizapo kutsatira kwambiri zakudya zapadera. Endocrinologist amawunika mwatsatanetsatane zakudya za ana omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, kutengera zaka zawo. Iyenera kupatula kwathunthu chakudya chamafuta ochepa, mwachitsanzo:

Malangizowa akuyenera kuwonedwa kuti tipewe kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi. Kuti muthane ndi vutoli, muyenera kuyang'anira magawo ama mkate. Chipangizochi chikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi 12 g yamafuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti shuga m'magazi azikhala ndi 2.2 mmol / L.

Pakadali pano, ku Europe, chilichonse chogulitsa chimakhala ndi zilembo zokhala ndi zidziwitso zama mkate omwe alipo. Akuluakulu ndi ana omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amatha kupeza zakudya zoyenera pazakudya zawo.

Ngati sizotheka kusankha malonda okhala ndi zilembo zotere, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito matebulo apadera omwe amawonetsa mkate wa chinthu chilichonse. Ngati kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa matebulo pazifukwa zilizonse sikungatheke, muyenera kugawa kuchuluka kwa chakudya mu 100 g ya malonda ndi 12. Nambalayi imawerengeredwa pa kulemera kwazomwe munthu wakonza kudya.

Nthawi zina, ana amatha kukumana ndi vuto la insulin pamalo omwe jakisoni. Kusintha kwa mankhwalawa kapena kusintha kwa Mlingo wake.

Mavuto a shuga

Mavuto a shuga kwa ana akuwonetsedwa kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi yokhala ndi zotsatira zosasintha. Mwachitsanzo, kusintha kwa ziwiya za khungu la maso kumatha kuyambitsa khungu, kulephera kwa impso kumachitika chifukwa chakuwonongeka kwa ziwonetsero zama impso.

Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka m'mitsempha yaubongo, encephalopathy imayamba.

Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti matenda ashuga a ketoacidosis ndi harbinger wa zovuta zowopsa kwa ana, tikulankhula za ketoacidotic chikomokere. Kuwoneka kwa ketoacidosis kumakhudza zizindikiro zotchulidwa:

• nseru
• kusanza
• kupuma movutikira
• mpweya wabwino
• kuchepa kwamtima
• kugona ndi kufooka.

Ngati palibe njira zochiritsira zolondola, ndiye kuti ketoacidosis m'masiku ochepa imayamba kukhala ketoacidotic chikomokere. Vutoli limatha kudziwika ndi kupuma kosagwirizana, kufinya kwamphamvu, anuria. Mutha kuyankhula za kukomoka kwa ketoacidotic ndi chizindikiro cha 20 mmol / l.

Nthawi zina, popanda mtundu wa shuga kapena mtundu wa matenda osokoneza bongo kwa ana, hyperosmolar kapena lactic acid coma imatha kuwoneka.

Ngati matenda a shuga adapezeka muubwana, ndiye kuti mutha kudziwa:

1. mitsempha
2. nephropathy
3. retinopathy
4. mphira
5. atherosulinosis
6. Matenda a mtima wa Ischemic,
7. CRF,
8. matenda a shuga a shuga.

Matenda a shuga m'magazi a ana, zovuta zomwe zimatha kukhudza chiwalo chilichonse ndi dongosolo la thupi, zimafuna kudya kosalekeza komanso kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Malangizo onse ndi malingaliro a endocrinologist ayenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamalitsa.

Njira yoletsa kupewa mavuto a shuga kwa ana ndi akulu

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda ofala a endocrine system. Amayamba chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa zovuta mu kapamba.

Pakadali pano, kudwala kumeneku ndi limodzi mwamavuto kwambiri azachipatala komanso chikhalidwe, chifukwa kumabweretsa kulumala ndi kufa koyambirira.

Zomwe zimayambitsa izi zitha kukhala matenda a mtima. Mpaka pano, padziko lonse lapansi, pali odwala pafupifupi 150 miliyoni omwe ali ndi matenda awa. Mbali yofunika kwambiri popewa zovuta za matenda omwe amafunsidwa ndikutsimikiza kulekerera shuga. Izi zitha kukhala prediabetes kapena ngakhale mawonekedwe obisika a digiri yofatsa yamatenda amtundu wachiwiriwo.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti boma la prediabetes limadziwika ndi kusapezeka kwa zizindikiro zilizonse zodwala. Komanso, izi zitha kukhala nthawi yayitali. Ndiye muyenera kuchita chiyani kuti mupewe zovuta zonse zosasangalatsa zomwe zimawoneka motsutsana ndi maziko a kusokonekera kwa pancreatic?

Chofunikira kwambiri ndikusamalira kuti pasakhale shuga. Ngati izi ndizosatheka, ndiye kuti muyenera kubweretsa kuchuluka kwa shuga mthupi mwathunthu.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti m'zaka zaposachedwa ndizosavuta kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa chinthuchi m'magazi kuposa momwe zidalili zaka khumi zapitazo. Ndikofunikira kutsatira zonse zamankhwala. Pokhapokha ngati mungachite izi popanda zovuta zazikulu. Nanga kupewa matenda ashuga kumatanthauza chiyani?

Matenda a shuga ana

Matenda a shuga amapezeka pamalo oyamba pakati pa matenda a endocrine ndipo amatha kuchitika ali aang'ono. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, matenda a shuga a ana amapezeka mu gawo lililonse la khumi la odwala odwala.

Kukula kwa matendawa ndi 3% pachaka. Mlandu uliwonse wachiwiri umadutsa kuchokera ku prediabetes kupita ku gawo lazachipatala. Mwayi wa cholowa chake ndi 40%.

Nanga bwanji ngati mwana wapezeka ndi izi? Kodi kusintha moyo wake?

Zowopsa

Nthawi zina mwana amakhala wopanda chibadwa. Mmodzi mwa makolo ndi odwala matenda ashuga, ndipo nthawi zina onse amayi ndi abambo. Koma sikofunikira kuti ana awo adwale. Vuto la metabolic lomwe ma kapamba amatulutsa kochepa kwambiri kapena samatulutsa insulini ya mahomoni konse, limatha kupezeka mwa ana omwe:

• Wobadwa ndi thupi lolemera oposa 4.5 kg,
• Nthawi zambiri ndimadwala matenda apakhungu (nkhuku, mumps, rubella, jaundice),
• Khalani ndi chitetezo chofooka,
• Musakhale ndi kunenepa kwambiri, hypothyroidism.

Machenjezo oti "osadya maswiti ambiri, mumapeza shuga" amakhala okokomeza pang'ono, ndipo, monga lamulo, mwana samamudziwa. Kufunika kwa kudya shuga muubwana ndikwapamwamba, popeza njira zama metabolism ndi assimilation zimachitika mwachangu kuposa akulu. Matenda a shuga ndi osiyana ndi matenda ashuga.

Zojambula ndi kusiyana kwa matenda a shuga a ana

Matendawa pawokha amadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi. Mwa ana, matenda a shuga 1 amapezeka - amadalira insulin, kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi ndi kotsika kwambiri.

Mwa anthu akuluakulu, makamaka - mtundu 2 (osadalira insulini)

Matenda a shuga a ana amakhala ovuta kwambiri ndipo amatha kukhala ndi maphunziro opita patsogolo ngati sanalandire (Zovuta ndi zotsatira za matenda ashuga).

Pakapita masiku ochepa, mwana amakhala kapolo wa matenda osokoneza bongo, ndipo mwana akamakula, ndiye kuti mawonekedwewo ndi olemerera. Hormayo imakhala yochepa kwambiri kotero kuti glucose samadyedwa ndi minofu, ndipo izi zimapangitsa mphamvu yanjala yamaselo.

Kasitomala kamwana kamene kamapanga insulini kakang'ono, pamapeto pake kamakhala ndi zaka zisanu. Mchitidwe wamanjenje sunapangidwe, zolephera mu ntchito yake zimawonekeranso pa metabolic rate.

Kumayambiriro koyambirira kwa matendawa, pamakhala kusinthasintha kowopsa m'madzi a shuga tsiku lonse, kotero mwayi wokhala ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri. Ngati ma antibodies apezeka mwa ana m'magazi, makonzedwe a insulin ang'onoang'ono amakakamizidwa.

Makolo a matenda ashuga ayenera kudziwa!

Ntchito ya makolo ndikuwonetsetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga tsiku lonse. Ana amafunikira mobwerezabwereza mankhwala a insulin omwe amawongolera shuga mwanjira. Mlingo amasankhidwa kutengera kuchuluka kwa chakudya.

Cholembera chimbiricho chimakulolani kuti mupeze jakisoni mosavuta komanso mopweteka, ndipo achinyamata ena amayamba kuchita izi pawokha. Kupitiliza kosalekeza kumachitika ndi njira yopatsirana ndi dispenser (insulin pump). Chipangizocho chimangopereka mankhwalawo mu microportions ola limodzi.

Izi ndizothandiza, makamaka kwa ana omwe amapita kusukulu kapena ku kindergarten.

Endocrinologists amaumirira kuti: mwana wodwala akakula kumalo komwe amakhala, amapangidwa ngati munthu, atazunguliridwa ndi banja ndi abwenzi. Matenda a shuga siopatsirana, ndipo sikofunikira kuti pakhale mpweya wowonjezera kutentha m'malo opezeka kutali ndi kwawo. M'pofunika kuwonetsa mwana kuti samasiyana ndi ena onse.

Chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa kuchuluka kwa chakudya, kuchuluka kwake ndi kuchuluka kwa mbale. Zosakwanira, zakudya zopanda pake zomwe zimapangitsa wodwalayo kukomoka kwambiri m'magazi a shuga.

• Mitundu yoopsa (yachilendo kwambiri) imatha kuzindikira.
• palpit, kugwedezeka, mutu,
• thukuta limakulirakulira, nkhope ikutuluka,
• pali kumverera kwachisoni kwanjala, kusokonekera.

Lamulo loyamba lokhala ndi hypoglycemia mwa mwana ndikukhazikika.
Patsani zakumwa zotsekemera, chidutswa cha shuga, maswiti. Nthawi zonse pazikhala zinthu zosagwiritsidwa ntchito m'thumba mwanu, chifukwa makolo sayenera kuyiwala kuikonzanso.

Mwana akakomoka, musayese kumukakamiza kuti amwe kapena kumata maswiti mkamwa mwake. Kugonekedwa kuchipatala ndi kulandira chithandizo moyang'aniridwa ndi madokotala kungathandize kupewa zovuta.

Kufufuza ndi Kuteteza

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kukayezetsa mayeso ngati zizindikiro zoyambirira za shuga mwa mwana ziziwoneka:

• ludzu lalikulu
• kukodza,
• njala itatha kudya
• kufooka koopsa
• kuwonda msanga
• kugona, kusakwiya,
• kununkhira kwa acetone kuchokera mkamwa.

Kuyesedwa koyambirira kwa shuga kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira matenda ashuga. Muyezo woyeserera umaphatikizapo kuyezetsa magazi konse (pamimba yopanda kanthu) ndi mkodzo. Shuga mumkodzo ndi chizindikiro chochititsa mantha (Kusanthula mkodzo). Kukonzekera kwapadera musanayesedwe sikufunika. Mkodzo umasonkhanitsidwa usiku umodzi mchidebe chimodzi ndikuisunga pamalo abwino.

Pali malamulo angapo omwe amateteza matendawa komanso kuwongolera moyo wa mwana yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga:

1. Kuwunikira mosamala mkhalidwe wa wakhanda, ngati pali cholowa choipa.
2. Ana a makolo omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu woyamba ali pachiwopsezo.
3. Kukana kudya kokumba, kuti mupewe zoyipa zosakanikirana ndi chitetezo cha mthupi.
4. Ndikofunikira kupatsa mwana mkaka wa m'mawere nthawi yayitali.
5. Kugwirizana ndi zakudya zomwe zimathandizira kukhalabe ndi thupi lozama, kuchiza kunenepa.
6. Zakudya zamafuta ndi zakudya zamafuta sizimaphatikizidwa pazakudya.
7. Kupitiliza kosalekeza shuga.
8. Kukhala wakhama nthawi zonse, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi molimbitsa, kuumitsa.

Maphunziro ndi zizindikiro

Kukhazikika kwa matendawa kumachitika pang'onopang'ono, nthawi zambiri - mwachangu kwambiri, modzidzimutsa, ndikuzindikira kwambiri kwa zizindikiro zambiri. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa ndi:

• ludzu linakula
• kamwa yowuma
• kukodza kwambiri, nthawi zambiri usiku ngakhalenso kwamkodzo kukomoka,
• Pambuyo pake, monga chizindikiro, kuchepa thupi kumachitika ndi zabwino, nthawi zina ngakhale kulakalaka kwambiri,
• kufooka wamba
• mutu
• kutopa.

Mawonekedwe a khungu - kuyabwa ndi ena (pyoderma, furunculosis, eczema) ndi osowa kwambiri mwa ana. Hyperglycemia mwa ana ndiye chizindikiro chachikulu komanso chosalekeza. Glycosuria zimachitika nthawi zonse.

Kukula kwenikweni kwa mkodzo sikugwirizana nthawi zonse ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga, motero sikungakhale mayeso owazindikira. Nthawi zambiri palibe kulumikizana kwathunthu pakati pa shuga ndi magazi a glycosuria.

Hyperketonemia imayambanso kachiwiri ndikulowerera kwamafuta, komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa lipotropic ntchito kapamba.

Zosintha mu ziwalo ndi machitidwe a thupi ndizosiyanasiyana

Rubeosis ndi xanthosis omwe amawona mu akulu ndi osowa kwambiri mwa ana. Mwa odwala omwe sanatengedwe khungu, khungu lowuma komanso mawonekedwe. Ndi kukomoka kwambiri, edema imatha kuwoneka.

Lilime limawoneka lofiira kwambiri, nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi papillae wosalala. Gingivitis nthawi zambiri imawonedwa, ndipo nthawi zina alviolar pyorrhea, yomwe imakhala yolimba kwambiri mwa ana kuposa akuluakulu. Njira yowopsya m'mano imayamba kutukuka.

Mawu akumtima ndi ogontha, nthawi zina kung'ung'udza kwa mapiritsi kumatsimikiziridwa, komwe kumawonetsa ngati kamvekedwe ka misempha. zimachitika ndi zochepa, zofewa, zamkati. Kupsinjika kwa magazi, konsekonse komanso kochepera, kumakhala kochepetsedwa nthawi zonse. Ndi capillaroscopy, maziko ofiira kwambiri ndikukula kwa bondo lakumbuyo amawonedwa, ma electrocardiogram amawonetsa kusintha kwa myocardium.

Nthawi zina, kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira a m'magazi komanso kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin kumachepetsedwa. Kuchokera kumbali yamagazi oyera, njira yotsatsira leukocyte imadziwika bwino:

• Mwa mitundu yofatsa ya shuga - lymphocytosis, yomwe imachepetsa ndikuwonjezera zovuta za matendawa.
• Woopsa Pre-chikomokere ndi chikomokere - lymphopenia. Neutrophilic kulocha kumanzere ndi kusowa kwa eosinophils.

Acidity ya m'mimba thovu nthawi zambiri amachepetsa. Pali zochitika zapadera. Chiwindi mwa odwala ambiri chimakulitsidwa (makamaka ana omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a nthawi yayitali.), Amakhala akhungu, nthawi zina amapweteka.

Mu mkodzo, albuminuria ndi cylindruria sichitchulidwa. Mu nthawi yayitali komanso yayitali, kuchuluka kwa ma cylinders ndi mapuloteni kuwonjezeka, maselo ofiira a magazi amatha kuwoneka. Nthawi zina, kuthekera kwa impso kumasokonekera.

Kale kumayambiriro kwa matendawa kuonekera:

• mutu
• chizungulire
• kusakhazikika
• kutengeka mtima
• kutopa,
• ulesi, kufooka,
• kusokonezeka kwa kukumbukira.

Kusokonezeka kochokera ku mantha am'munsi kumawonetsedwa ndi kupweteka m'mphepete, kusokonezeka kwamphamvu kwa khungu komanso kufooka kapena kuzimiririka kwa tendon Reflex.

Zowongolera masomphenya

Mbali ya ophthalmology mwa ana omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo, zovuta zapakhomo ndizofala kwambiri kuposa zachikulire. Sinthani mukutanthauzira kwanu ku hyperopia ndi kwa mnopia, ndipo m'malo ovuta kwambiri, kukokomeza kwamaso.

Nthawi zina pali matenda a shuga a retinopathy komanso amphaka, omwe amakonda kusasitsa msanga. Matenda a shuga a retinitis, kupunduka kwa minyewa m'maso mwa ana ndikosowa kwambiri.

Mitundu ya matenda

Matenda a shuga kwa ana samasiyana ndi munthu wamkulu, amagawidwa m'mitundu itatu:

Koma mawonekedwe ofatsa mwa ana ndi osowa kwambiri. Mitundu yapakati komanso yowopsa imapezeka kawiri kawiri, ndikumalizika, kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi, makamaka kuperewera kwamafuta, sikosowa.

Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kutayika kwa insulin kokha, komanso lipocaine.

Ndiponso, kubereka kwambiri kwa mahomoni okula, omwe ali ndi ntchito ya adipokinetic ndipo amachititsa kuti chiwindi chikhale ndi mafuta ambiri.

Cystic fibrosis (cystic fibrosis) mwa ana

Matenda a shuga mu ana chifukwa cha cystic fibrosis makamaka chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa insulin. Koma kukana kwachiwiri kwa insulin chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe zimachitika komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a pharmacological (bronchodilators and glucocorticoids) zitha kuthandiza kukulitsa kulolerana kwa shuga ndi shuga.

Matenda a shuga chifukwa cha cystic fibrosis amayamba kupezeka matendawo pambuyo pake matendawa, nthawi zambiri akamakula komanso kutha msinkhu. Ngati pali cirrhosis, izi zimapangitsa kuti insulin ikane.

Kukula kwa matenda ashuga chifukwa cha cystic fibrosis ndi chizindikiro chosaoneka bwino ndipo kumalumikizidwa ndi kulumala ndi kufa.

Matenda a shuga opatsirana bwino amalumikizana ndi mayankho a mthupi kumatenda ndipo amathandizira catabolism.

Kuyesa kuyeserera kumayesedwa mwachangu kwa ana onse omwe ali ndi cystic fibrosis (cystic fibrosis) years wazaka 14 zakubadwa mayeso okhudzana ndi glucose chaka chilichonse kwa ana opitirira zaka 10, koma miyeso yachikhalidwe monga kusala glucose, PGTT, ndi HbA1c mwina singakhale njira yofunikira yopezera matenda a shuga kwa anthu omwe ali ndi cystic fibrosis.

Poyamba, mankhwala a insulin amafunikira pokhapokha ngati munthu akupuma, komanso pachimake kapena matenda opatsirana, koma pakapita nthawi, mankhwala a insulini amakhala ofunikira nthawi zonse.

Mlingo woyambirira wa insulin nthawi zambiri umakhala wochepa (wowonjezera kuposa kuchotsera kwathunthu mankhwala a insulin).

Mwa odwala ena, chithandizo cha insulin choyambirira isanayambike zizindikiro za hyperglycemia kumabweretsa zotsatira zabwino za metabolic zomwe zimapangitsa kukula, kulemera kwa thupi ndi ntchito yam'mapapo.

Matenda a shuga ana

Nthawi zambiri, ana amapezeka ndi matenda osokoneza bongo a preentabetes (prediabetes), omwe nthawi zambiri amatha kuyendera limodzi - kunenepa kwambiri kapena matenda opatsirana:

• malungo
• kamwazi
• matenda a chiwindi opatsirana, etc.

Odwala nthawi zambiri samawonetsa madandaulo. Kusala shuga lamwazi nthawi zina kumakhala kwabwinobwino, mulibe shuga mkodzo, nthawi zina pamakhala kuchepa kwa hyperglycemia ndi glycosuria. Koma, monga lamulo, ndizovuta kuzindikira ndi mayeso amodzi.

Ndikotheka kudziwa shuga wam'mbuyo mwa mwana pokhapokha powerengera momwe amapangira shuga pambuyo poti athetse shuga (kwa ana azaka za sukulu, kuchuluka kwa shuga g ndikokwanira). Kukwera kwakukulu ndi kuchedwa kwakanthawi kwa magawo ambiri komanso kutsika pang'onopang'ono, pambuyo maola atatu osafikira kuchuluka kwa shuga, ndiwofanana ndi matenda ashuga akale.

Kuzindikira koyambirira kwa matenda ashuga am'mimba ndikofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa zimapangitsa kuti azitha kulandira chithandizo poyambira chitukuko ndikupewera matenda ashuga kuti asalalikire.

Matenda a shuga ana ndi matenda osachiritsika. Kuchira kwathunthu nkosatheka!

Imakhala yovuta kwambiri kuposa wamkulu, imakonda kuchita zambiri. Ndi kutha msinkhu, njirayi imasintha, mwina chifukwa cha kufooka (ndi kuyamba kwa kukhazikika kwa ziwalo zonse ndi machitidwe) a kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa mahomoni m'thupi.

Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga mwa ana

Kuzindikira kwa matenda ashuga mwa ana nthawi zambiri sikuchedwa kwambiri.

• ludzu
• kamwa yowuma
• kukodza pafupipafupi
• kuwonda
• kufooka nthawi zina kumawonedwa ngati nkhondo ya helminthic kapena ngati matenda ena.

Zochitikira pankhaniyi, njira zochizira: chithandizo cha anthelmintic, zakudya zopatsa thanzi, glucose wamkati, zimakulitsa mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo.

shuga mu mkodzo, komanso makamaka m'magazi mu izi, amatsimikiza mochedwa kwambiri wodwala akakhala kuti ali ndi vuto lachipatala.

Pamaso pa zizindikiro zambiri ndi kutsimikiza kwa shuga mu mkodzo ndi magazi, kuzindikira kwake sikovuta.

Kusiyanitsa mitundu

Ndi matenda a shuga a impso, komanso shuga, mkodzo umathiridwa, koma nthawi zambiri wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a impso samawonetsa madandaulo, shuga wamagazi, monga lamulo, ndizabwinobwino, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale kuchepetsedwa pang'ono. Mphepo ya glycemic sinasinthidwe.

Shuga mumkodzo amamuchotsera pakachulukirapo ndipo sizitengera kuchuluka kwa chakudya chambiri chomwe umalandira ndi chakudya. Matenda a shuga a achinyamata safuna kuti alandire chithandizo chamankhwala.

Kuyang'anira wodwalayo pafupipafupi, monga ena amakhulupirira kuti matenda a shuga a ana ndi chiyambi cha matenda a shuga, kapena mawonekedwe ake apakatikati.

Zizindikiro zikuluzikulu za matenda a shuga insipidus sizosiyana ndi shuga. Mwazi wamagazi ndi cheza cha glycemic mu shuga insipidus siosakhulupirika.

The matendawa mwachindunji zimatengera nthawi yodziwira. Chifukwa cha kufufuza komwe kunachitidwa kale komanso chithandizo chanthawi zonse chomwe amayang'aniridwa ndi achipatala, ana amatha kukhala ndi moyo wosiyana ndi ana athanzi ndikuphunzira bwino kusukulu.

Ndi acidotic yowopsa, komanso ndi mitundu yovuta, matendawo sawoneka bwino.

Chidziwitso chovuta kwambiri m'mabanja omwe mwana samalandira chidwi chokwanira mothandizidwa ndi regimen, zakudya zoyenera komanso zopatsa thanzi, komanso kuyang'anira insulin.

Ana omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amakonda kwambiri matenda osiyanasiyana kuposa ana athanzi. Matenda amatha kukhala owopsa komanso opha kumene.

Kuchotsa kapena gawo la “kokasangalala” mu mtundu woyamba wa shuga

Pafupifupi 80% ya ana ndi achinyamata, kufunika kwa insulini kumachepetsedwa kwakanthawi atayamba insulin. Mpaka posachedwa, kutsimikiza kwa gawo la chikhululukiro chochepa sikunafotokozedwe; tsopano ndizovomerezeka kuziwona gawo lachiwonetsero chamankhwala pomwe wodwala amafunikira kuchepa kwa magawo a 0,5 a insulin pa kilogalamu ya thupi patsiku pamlingo wa glycated hemoglobin

Makolo mutu - chithandizo ndi kupewa matenda ashuga ana

Matenda a shuga mellitus (DM) mwa ana - kagayidwe kachakudya matenda mu mawonekedwe osakhazikika, amakwiya ndi insulin.

WHO imati ana mazana asanu aliwonse ndi achinyamata mazana awiri aliwonse amakhudzidwa.

Malinga ndi bungwe lomweli, m'zaka zochepa zotsatira, chiopsezo cha matenda opatsirana mu 70% cha ana chidzachuluka.

Pankhani imeneyi, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kudandaula za matenda ashuga mellitus prophylaxis pasadakhale ndikuwonana ndi dokotala nthawi yomweyo zikangofika.

Gulu

Matendawa amawagawa m'mitundu ingapo:

Idiopathic mtundu 1 shuga. Pathology imawoneka chifukwa cha kuperewera kwathunthu kwa insulini chifukwa cha kuvulala kwa kapamba.

Ndi matenda otere, thupi limatulutsa ma antibodies, kudalira kwathunthu kwa insulin kumachitika, etc.
Type 2 matenda a shuga. Zimachitika chifukwa chophwanya mapangidwe a insulin kapena zochita za insulin.

Matenda ena a shuga.

Izi zimaphatikizapo matenda a shuga Mtundu WAMODZI ndi Matenda A shuga a LADA.

Zomwe zimachitika

Chachikulu zoyambitsa mwadzidzidzi shuga kwa ana:

Makamaka. Ngati makolo akudwala matenda a shuga, ndiye kuti ana adzalandira chithandizochi ndi 100%, koma kupewa kungachedwetse nthawi yake.

Matenda opatsirana ndi ma virus. Kukhazikitsidwa kuti mumps, nkhuku, mtundu wa hepatitis ndi rubella zimatsogolera pakupanga shuga. Nthawi yonseyi, ma cell omwe amapangidwa ndi chitetezo cha mthupi amateteza insulin.

Komabe, matenda ashuga amapezeka pokhapokha ngati mwana ali ndi vuto lotsegula.

Zakudya zambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi zakudya zamafuta osavuta kugaya. Izi zimaphatikizapo ufa komanso wokoma. Izi zimayambitsa kulemera komanso kuwonjezeka kwa katundu pazigawo za m'mimba. Zotsatira zake, kuphatikiza kwa insulin kumachepetsedwa.

"Sedentary" moyo. Kulephera kuchita zolimbitsa thupi kumapangitsa kuti munthu achepetse thupi. Zotsatira zake, insulin siyopangidwa.

Chimfine pafupipafupi.

Ma antibodies amapangidwa chifukwa cha matenda. Ngati ili ndi vuto lachilendo, thupi lidzachira msanga.

Ndi kuzizira kosalekeza, kuchuluka kwa chitetezo chokwanira kumachepa ndipo ma antibodies amapangidwa ngakhale pakalibe matenda, omwe amawononga ntchito ya kapamba.

• ludzu losalekeza ndi pakamwa pouma ngakhale mutamwa,
• kukodza pafupipafupi, pomwe mkodzo umawala, ndipo mawonekedwe ake okhuthala amakhalabe zovala zamkati,
• Kusintha kwa mikhalidwe: misonzi, kusuntha, kukhumudwa,
• kufooka ndi kutopa ngakhale atapumira nthawi yayitali,
• Kuchepetsa thupi pakudya kwambiri
• maonekedwe a mafinya otupa pa thupi,
• mabala osachiritsa
• kusanza ndi kusanza
• mawonekedwe a fungo losasangalatsa la maapulo osowa kapena acetone kuchokera pamlomo wamkamwa.

Kafukufuku

Kuti muwonetsetse kuti matendawa apatsidwa:

Kusanthula magazi ndi mkodzo kambiri. Biomaterial imatengedwa m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Pakati pa chakudya chomaliza ndi kuwunika kuyenera kukhala nthawi yochepera maola 8.

Kuyesa kwa shuga. Kuwunikiranso kumachitika m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa maola 24.

Mayeso a kulolera a glucose. Imachitika koyamba pamimba yopanda kanthu, kenako mutatha kudya shuga yotsekedwa ndi madzi. Phunziroli limazindikira kupezeka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Ultrasound yam'mimba. Kufufuza koteroko kumathandizira kuzindikira njira yotupa kapena kuzindikira kusakhalako.

Wochiritsirawu amaperekanso malangizo kwa urologist, endocrinologist, Optometrist ndi Cardiologist. Matenda a shuga amapezeka kokha pazotsatira zonse komanso zotsatira za madokotala.

Kuwerengera magazi

Shuga wamba wamagazi - 2.7-5.5 mmol / l. Mkulu wa glucose pamwamba 7.5 angawonetse matenda ashuga. Mlingo wa shuga pamwamba pa chizindikirochi umatsimikizira kupezeka kwa matenda.

Chiyeso chololera shuga Chizindikiro cha 11 mmol / l ndi kumtunda kumatsimikizira matenda.

Therapy amachitika kuti yachibadwa magwiridwe antchito a thupi ndi kagayidwe kachakudya njira. Kuthandiza panthawi yake kumathandizanso kupewa zovuta.

Malangizo azachipatala:
Zomwe zikuluzikulu zakuchizira matendawa ndi zakudya komanso moyo wabwino.

Mu mwana yemwe wapezeka ndi matenda, menyu sayenera kukhala ndi zotsekemera, ufa ndi mafuta.

Chakudya chimalimbikitsidwa kuti chizidyedwa m'magawo ang'onoang'ono a 5-6 patsiku. Simungathe kudya kwambiri ndikuchita nawo zakudya zopanda pake.

Popanda njira yoyenera, chithandizo cha matenda a shuga ndizosatheka. Kutsatira zochitika zatsiku ndi tsiku, masewera ndi omwe makolo ayenera kuphunzitsa mwana wawo.

Chithandizo cha matenda amtundu woyamba:
Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba sichimangokhudza za moyo komanso zakudya zabwino. Wodwala amapatsidwa insulin m'njira zina.

Chithandizo cha matenda amtundu wa 2:
Chithandizo cha matenda amtundu wa 2 chimaphatikizapo kudya, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe ali ndi shuga.Mankhwala amatchulidwa ndi dokotala yemwe amakupatsanso mlingo.

Momwe mungawerengere kuchuluka kwa insulin?
Kuti muwerenge mlingo wa insulin, muyenera kuchulukitsa gawo la mankhwalawo ndi kulemera kwa mwana. Kulera chiwerengerochi sikuloledwa, chifukwa izi zimatha kubweretsa zovuta.

Njira zamakono zochizira matenda:
Njira zamakono zochiritsira matenda ndi matenda a insulin. Amatsata secretion basal. Pampu imakuthandizani kuti mupereke thupi ndi insulin mosalekeza. Amatsatiranso kubisalira kwa mtembo. Izi zikutanthauza kuperekera kwa mahomoni motsatira dongosolo la bolus.

Manesi anamwino ndi amalo

Kuchulukana kwa mankhwalawa kumatenga kutenga ma insulin opangidwa ndi anthu komanso mankhwala ofanana. Madokotala amalimbikitsa kulabadira maziko a bolus insulin therapy. Chithandizo cha mankhwalawa imapangidwa ndi insulin ya nthawi yayitali m'mawa ndi madzulo, komanso musanadye nkhomaliro.

Njira ya unamwino imaphatikizanso unamwino ndi kukambirana ndi mwana ndi banja lake ngati matendawo akuwathandizira, za kufunika kwa chakudya, njira yoyenera, kuyang'anira insulin ndi mankhwala ena a matenda a shuga, komanso kuwunika momwe wodwalayo alili.

Njira yoperekera insulin:

Kanema wothandiza

Malangizo 12 popewa zovuta za matenda ashuga:

Matenda a shuga amafunika kuthandizidwa. Koma ngati mukungodziwa za matendawo, ndiye kuti muyenera kuchitapo kanthu kuti mupewe zomwe zingachitike. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuwerengera zakudya zomwe mumadya, kusiya zizolowezi zoipa, ndikuyamba kuchita nawo masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Muyeneranso kukaonana ndi dokotala ndikupereka magazi a shuga. Izi zikuthandizira kuwona kusintha kwa thupi. Pokhala ndi shuga wambiri, mankhwala ayenera kuyambitsidwa kuti achulukitse vutolo.

Mankhwala azitsamba

Njira zosagwiritsa ntchito zachikhalidwe zimangoyambitsidwa kwa ana azaka zitatu zokha komanso kuphatikiza ndi mankhwala oyambira. Polimbana ndi matenda amtunduwu, kulowetsedwa kwa nyemba zobiriwira kapena masamba abuluu kwatsimikizira kugwira ntchito kwawo. Kwa decoction, decoction yozika mizu ya burdock imagwiritsidwanso ntchito.

Kupewa matenda a shuga

Popewa kukula kwa matendawa mwa ana kapena kuchedwetsa kuchitika kwa matenda, madokotala amalimbikitsa kupatsa mwana chitetezo chokwanira.

Moyo wathanzi, zolimbitsa thupi ndi katemera ngati njira zopewera matenda ashuga

Njira zopewera kukhazikitsa matenda:

Katemera Katemera pa nthawi yake salola kuti matendawa abwere, chifukwa chake matenda ashuga amakula.

Moyo wathanzi. Kuwongolera, kutsatira zomwe zimachitika tsiku ndi tsiku, kusewera masewera kumapangitsa kuti matenda azamatsenga asachitike.

Zakudya zoyenera.

Kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zazing'ono magawo 5-6 patsiku, kusowa kwa maswiti ochulukirapo komanso zinthu zopezeka mu ufa kumaletsa kuyambika kwa matendawa.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muphatikize zipatso zatsopano, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba m'zakudya za mwana wanu.

Makonda achikhalidwe. Mwana akakulira m'malo abwino okhala, momwe mulibe malo opsinjika ndi nkhawa, thupi lake limatha kupirira kupezeka kwa matenda aliwonse.

Kuyamwitsa matenda ashuga

Kafukufuku wachipatala awonetsa kuti kuyamwitsa kumalepheretsa kuyambika kwa matenda a shuga kapena kuchedwetsa kuyambika kwake ngati masinthidwe amtundu amapezeka ku matenda. Mkaka wa amayi umakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pa boma la chitetezo cha mthupi.

Kafukufuku awonetsanso kuti mapuloteni amphongo omwe amapezeka m'mwana wakhanda amakhudza kwambiri ziphuphu. Zotsatira zake, kuphatikiza kwa mahomoni kumachepetsedwa.

Marva Ohanyan, wotchuka m'nthawi yathu ino, amakamba za momwe matenda a shuga amakhalira, momwe tingachitire poyambira komanso mochedwa:

Kupatula, makolo onse amadzifunsa kuti: kodi matenda ashuga angachiritsidwe? Ndizosatheka kuthetsa matenda ashuga kwathunthu. Makolo a mwana kapena wachinyamata yemwe wapezeka ndi matenda a shuga ayenera kumvetsetsa kuopsa kwa nthendayo ndikuuza mwana wake za izi, koma ayenera kumvetsetsa kuti sizimasiyananso ndi ana ena.

Ndizosatheka kuchepetsa kulumikizana kwake ndi anzawo ndikumangonena kuti akudwala. Mwanayo amangofunika kukambirana za malamulo azakudya, kuphatikiza kunja kwanyumba ndikumuphunzitsa momwe angapangire insulin. Mankhwala ayenera kukhala naye nthawi zonse.

Kutsatira malamulo onse a mankhwala ndi kupewa kumatsimikizira mwana moyo wautali.