Kodi kudwala kwa insulin: kufotokoza kwa insulin chikomokere

Mankhwala obwezeretsa insulin ndi mkhalidwe wa hypoglycemia, momwe kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumachepera ndipo palinso kuchuluka kwa insulin yomwe imapangidwa ndi kapamba. Izi matenda amapanga kokha ndi matenda monga matenda a shuga.

Ngati thupi lili ndi thanzi, ndiye kuti glucose ndi insulin zili bwino, koma ndi matenda ashuga pali kuphwanya njira za metabolic m'thupi. Ngati matenda a shuga sachiritsidwira, ndiye kuti insulin, yomwe imatchedwanso kuti hypoglycemic coma, kapena vuto la shuga, ndiyotheka.

Mkhalidwe umadziwika ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino. Kwenikweni, kugwedezeka kumatha kuneneratu, koma nthawi zina nthawi yake imakhala yochepa kwambiri kotero kuti wodwalayo sakudziwa. Zotsatira zake, wodwalayo amatha kusokonezeka mwadzidzidzi, ndipo nthawi zina pamakhala zosokoneza thupi, zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi medulla oblongata.

Kukula kwa vuto la hypoglycemic coma kumachitika munthawi yochepa, pomwe kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumachepera kwambiri komanso kutuluka kwa glucose kulowa mu ubongo kumachepera.

Ma Harbinger a Mavuto Aakulu:

Kutsika kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga muubongo. Neuralgia, zovuta zosiyanasiyana zamakhalidwe, kukhudzika, kulephera kudziwa kumachitika. Zotsatira zake, wodwalayo amatha kusokonezeka, ndipo chikomokere chimachitika.
Sympathoadrenal dongosolo la wodwala limakondwera. Pali kuwonjezeka kwa mantha ndi nkhawa, vasoconstriction imachitika, kuwonjezeka kwa mtima, kusokonekera mu zochitika zamanjenje zomwe zimayendetsa magwiridwe amkati, ziwonetsero za polymotor, ndikukula thukuta kumawonedwa.

Mavuto a shuga amachitika mosayembekezereka, koma amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake oyambira. Ndi kuchepa pang'ono kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, wodwalayo amamva kupweteka mutu, kuperewera kwa thupi, kutentha thupi.

Poterepa, pali ofowoka kwathupi lathupi. Kuphatikiza apo, mtima ukugunda mwachangu, thukuta limachuluka, manja ndi thupi lonse limanjenjemera.

Sikovuta kulamulira izi mwa kudya chakudya chamafuta. Anthu omwe amadziwa za matenda awo amakhala ndi zotsekemera (shuga, maswiti, ndi zina). Poyamba chizindikiro cha insulin, muyenera kutenga china chake chokoma kupangitsa shuga kukhala m'magazi.

Ndi mankhwala a insulin omwe akhala akuchita kwa nthawi yayitali, shuga m'magazi amachepetsa kwambiri madzulo ndi usiku. Munthawi imeneyi, chikomokere chingachitike. Ngati vuto lofananalo limapezeka mwa wodwala pakugona, ndiye kuti mwina silingadziwike kwa nthawi yayitali.

Nthawi yomweyo wodwalayo amakhala ndi tulo woyipa, wowopsa komanso wowopsa, komanso nthawi zambiri munthu amavutika ndi masomphenya. Mwana akakhala ndi matendawa, nthawi zambiri amalira ndikulira usiku, ndipo akadzuka mwana sakumbukira zomwe zinachitika asanagwere, malingaliro ake amasokonezeka.

Pambuyo pakugona, odwala amawonongeka mu thanzi lonse. Panthawi imeneyi, shuga m'magazi amachulukana kwambiri, matendawa amatchedwa kuti glycemia wothandizira. Masana pambuyo pa vuto la shuga usiku, wodwalayo sakwiya, amakhala wamanjenje, samva chidwi, amakhala wopanda chidwi, ndipo amamva kufooka kwakukulu m'thupi.

Panthawi ya insulin, wodwalayo amakhala ndi zotsatirazi:

Khungu limakhala lonyowa ndi lonyowa,
kugunda kwa mtima
kamvekedwe ka minofu kumakulira.

Nthawi yomweyo, tollor wa diso sasintha, lilime limakhala lonyowa, kupuma sikumasunthidwa, koma ngati wodwalayo sanalandire chithandizo chapadera panthawi, ndiye kuti pakapita nthawi, kupuma kumakhala kosazama.

Ngati wodwalayo ali ndi insulin chifukwa cha nthawi yayitali, vuto lokhala ndi vuto lotseguka limawonedwa, minofu imatsika, kuwonekera kwa bradycardia kumachitika komanso kuchepa kwa kutentha kwa thupi pansipa.

Kuphatikiza apo, pali kufooka kapena kutaya kwathunthu kwa mawonekedwe. Wodwala, ophunzira sawona kusintha kwa kuwala.

Wodwala akapezeka kuti sanazindikiridwe munthawi yake ndipo chithandizo chofunikira chamankhwala sichikuperekedwa kwa iye, ndiye kuti wodwalayo atha kusintha kwambiri.

Kuchepetsa kumatha kuchitika, amayamba kudwala, pali chinyengo, kusanza, wodwalayo amalowa ndi nkhawa, ndipo patapita nthawi amayamba kuzindikira. Komabe, izi sizizindikiro zokhazo zomwe zimayambitsa kudwala matenda ashuga.

Pakuwunika kwa ma laborine a mkodzo, shuga samapezeka m'matimo, komanso momwe mkodzo umapangira acetone, nthawi yomweyo, imatha kuwonetsa zotsatirapo zabwino komanso zoyipa. Zimatengera pamlingo womwe kubwezeretsedwa kwa chakudya cha carbohydrate kumachitika.

Zizindikiro za vuto la shuga zitha kuwonedwa mwa anthu omwe akhala ndi matenda a shuga kwa nthawi yayitali, pomwe misempha yawo ya shuga imatha kukhala yabwinobwino kapena kukwezedwa. Izi zikuyenera kufotokozedwa ndi kulumpha kwakuthwa mu machitidwe a glycemic, mwachitsanzo, kuyambira 7 mmol / L mpaka 18 mmol / L kapena mosinthanitsa.

Mbiri

Hypoglycemic coma imakonda kupezeka mwa odwala omwe amadalira kwambiri insulin.

Zinthu zotsatirazi ndizotheka kuyambitsa izi:

Wodwalayo adalowetsedwa ndi voliyumu yolakwika ya insulin.
Madzi a insulin omwe adalowetsedwa osati pakhungu, koma intramuscularly. Izi zitha kuchitika ngati syringe ndi singano yayitali, kapena wodwalayo akufuna kuthamangitsa mphamvu ya mankhwalawo.
Wodwalayo adakumana ndi zochitika zolimbitsa thupi, kenako osadya zakudya zopatsa mphamvu.
Pamene wodwala sanadye pambuyo pa mahomoni.
Wodwalayo amamwa mowa.
Kutikita minofu kudachitika mbali ya thupi komwe insulin idalowetsedwa.
Mimba m'miyezi itatu yoyambirira.
Wodwala amadwala matenda a impso.
Wodwalayo akuwonetsa kuwonongeka kwamafuta m'chiwindi.

Mavuto a shuga ndi chikomokere nthawi zambiri amakula mwa odwala matenda ashuga akapezeka ndimatenda a chiwindi, matumbo, impso, endocrine system.

Nthawi zambiri, mankhwalawa amabwera chifukwa cha insulin komanso chikomokere wodwala atatenga salicylates kapena kumwa mankhwalawa ndi sulfonamides.

Matenda a shuga amayamba ndi jakisoni wamagulu a shuga. Ikani 20-100 ml. 40% yankho. Mlingowo umatsimikiziridwa kutengera momwe mkhalidwe wa wodwala umakhalira bwino.

Woopsa milandu, mtsempha wamagazi kapena jekeseni wa glucocorticoids angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, subcutaneous makonzedwe a 1 ml angagwiritsidwe ntchito. 0,1% yankho la adrenaline hydrochloride.

Ngati mphamvu yakumeza sinatayike, wodwalayo amatha kupatsidwa shuga, kapena amwe madzi otsekemera.

Wodwalayo atazindikira, pomwe palibe zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kuunika, palibe kumeza kwa khunyu, wodwalayo ayenera kugwetsa shuga pansi pa lilime lake. Ndipo panthawi yopanda chikumbumtima, glucose amatha kuyamwa kuchokera pakamwa.

Izi zikuyenera kuchitika mosamala kuti wodwalayo asakodwe. Zomwe zimapangidwira mu mawonekedwe a gel zimapezeka. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito uchi.

Sizoletsedwa kupereka insulini m'mavuto a shuga, chifukwa timadzi timeneti timangoyambitsa kuwonongeka ndikuchepetsa kwambiri mwayi woti ubwezeretsedwe. Kugwiritsa ntchito chinthu ichi ngati chikomokere kumatha kupha munthu.

Pofuna kupewa kuyendera mahomoni mwadzidzidzi, opanga ena amapatsa syringe ndi pulogalamu yotseketsa yokha.

Thandizo loyamba

Mwa chithandizo choyambirira choyenera, muyenera kumvetsetsa mawonetsedwe omwe mawonekedwe a hypoglycemic akuwonetsa. Mukakhazikitsa zizindikiro zenizeni, muyenera kupereka thandizo kwa wodwala mwachangu.

Magawo a chisamaliro chadzidzidzi:

itanani ambulansi
Gulu lachipatala lisanafike, muyenera kumuyika munthuyo momasuka,
muyenera kum'patsa kena kena kotsekemera: shuga, maswiti, tiyi kapena uchi, kupanikizana kapena ayisikilimu.
ngati wodwalayo atazindikira, ndikofunikira kuyika chidutswa cha shuga patsaya lake. Mukakhala ndi vuto la matenda ashuga, shuga samapweteka.

Ulendo wofunika kuchipatala ungafunike zotsatirazi:

ndi jakisoni wobwereza wa glucose, wodwalayo samayambanso kudziwa, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi sikokwanira, kunjenjemera kwa insulin kumapitilira,
vuto la shuga limabweranso
ngati kunali kotheka kuthana ndi insulin mantha, koma pali zopatika pantchito ya mtima, mitsempha yamagazi, ndi dongosolo lamanjenje, kusokonezeka kwa mitsempha kunabuka komwe kunalibe kale.

Vuto la hypoglycemic coma kapena hypoglycemic ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe lingatenge moyo wa wodwala. Chifukwa chake, thandizo loyambira panthawi yake komanso njira yothandizirana bwino ndikofunikira.

Kutentha kwamadzulo kwa mankhwala a insulinocomatosis ku West

Mu 1953, mu magazini yolemba zamankhwala yachipembedzo ya a Chingerezi yotchedwa The Lancet, dokotala wamisala waku Britain Harold Bourne adatulutsa nkhani yokhala ndi mutu wakuti "The Insulin Myth", pomwe adati palibe chifukwa chokwanira chokhulupirira kuti insulinocomatous tiba imatsutsa njira za schizophrenic. Ngati mankhwalawo agwira ntchito, zimangokhala chifukwa chakuti odwala anali kukondera komanso kuthandizidwa. "Odwala a insulin, nthawi zambiri amakhala gulu lalikulu, - adatero H. Bourne. - Ali ndi mwayi komanso maulosi abwino. ”. Mu 1957, kugwiritsa ntchito insulin com kuchepetsedwa, The Lancet inafalitsa zotsatira za kafukufuku wofanana ndi chithandizo cha matenda a schizophrenia. Magulu awiri a odwala amathandizidwa ndi insulin coma kapena adakhala osavomerezeka pogwiritsa ntchito barbiturates. Olemba kafukufukuyu sanapeze kusiyana pakati pa maguluwa.

Anasiya kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ku West, samatchulanso njira m'mabuku.

USSR ndi Russian Federation

Ku USSR, zidawerengedwa kuti zoyesa izi zidakhazikitsidwa molakwika. "Mdziko lathu, ICT idapitilizabe kugwiritsidwa ntchito, nthawi zonse imaganiziridwa ndipo imagwiritsiridwa ntchito ngati njira imodzi yothandiza kwambiri pakati pa njira zochizira matenda a psychoses, zomwe zimadziwika kwa mibadwo ingapo ya madokotala"- analemba A.I. Nelson mu 2004.

Mu 1989, nthumwi za madokotala azamisala aku US omwe adayendera zipatala zamisala yaku Soviet kuti akatsimikizire kapena kukana chidziwitso chogwiritsa ntchito zamisala pazifukwa zandale ku USSR adazindikira kuti ma insulin comas adagwiritsidwa ntchito ngakhale kwa odwala omwe amisala ya amisala aku America sanawulule chilichonse. mavuto.

Mabuku angapo ovomerezeka anena za kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo m'nthawi ya Soviet posiyanirana ndi otsutsana omwe anaikidwa mzipatala zamisala.

Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma antipsychotic, kugwiritsa ntchito ICT tsopano kwatsitsidwa ku Russia. Miyezo ya Russian Federation, njirayi, komabe, imatchulidwa, ngakhale imawerengedwa kuti ndi yotsalira ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati ena akulephera. M'madera ena a dziko, chithandizo chamankhwala sichimachitika.

Malinga ndi othandizira a ICT, zikuluzikulu zomwe zimapatsa mankhwala a insulinocomatosis ndi psychoses, makamaka schizophrenia, makamaka ndi hallucinatory ndi / kapena delusional syndrome, catatonia, hebephrenia. Komabe, izi sizitanthauza kuti zotsatira za mankhwala a insulinocomatous zimayembekezeredwa pokhapokha pazochitika za psychopathological dalili (kuyerekezera zinthu zina, malingaliro onyenga, kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro ndi machitidwe). Malinga ndi othandizira a ICT, imathandizanso kuwonetsa mawonekedwe amtundu wazovuta, okhala ndi mphamvu yotsutsa komanso kupewa antirepressant, amachotsa kapena kuchepetsa apato-abulia, kuchepa mphamvu mphamvu, kusokonezeka kwamalingaliro, mpanda, autism gwero silinatchulidwe masiku 952 . Komabe, nthawi zina zimadziwika kuti ndi losavuta schizophrenia, kugwiritsa ntchito insulinocomatosis mankhwala kumatha kubweretsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu, osati kusintha.

Njira ya ICT ndi yovuta komanso yotenga nthawi: imafuna kugawa chipinda chapadera, maphunziro a antchito, kuyang'anira wodwalayo nthawi yayitali komanso usiku pambuyo pakupuma, ndikutsatira zakudya. Zovuta zimayamba pomwe mitsempha ili m'mavuto.

Mankhwala a insulinocomatous amachita pambuyo pake kuposa mankhwala a psychotropic. Ngati kuchepetsa kwa psychotropic mankhwala kumachitika m'masiku ochepa, ndipo nthawi zina maola, ndiye kuti vuto la ICT limawonedwa pokhapokha matumba oyamba aonekera, ndipo nthawi zambiri - kumapeto kwa njira yochizira.

Zotsatira zoyipa ndi zovuta zina

Zankhanza za njirayi (kusintha kwa odwala, zotsatira zowawa zingapo) sizikuthandizira kutchuka kwa insulinocomatosis mankhwala. Kutukwana thukuta, kukwiya, kumva kwamphamvu kwa njala komanso kukokana komwe odwala adakumana nako pogwiritsa ntchito ma ICT nthawi zina amkawafotokozera ngati owawa kwambiri.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito ma ICT, pamakhala chiopsezo cha kupuma kwakanthawi kokhazikika, ngakhale kukhazikitsidwa kwa glucose, komanso chiopsezo chokhalanso ndi kukomoka kwa chikomokere patatha maola ochepa). Kugwiritsa ntchito ma ICT kumakhala ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu cha kufa.

Pazamisala

Kuphatikiza apo, kugwedezeka kwa insulin kunayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu zamisala. Akatswiri opanga hypoglycemic coma popereka insulin kwa anthu. Koyamba njira zoterezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Sakel mu 1933. Anali katswiri pothandiza anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la heroin komanso morphine.

Malinga ndi zotsatira zakulowetsa kwa insulin mthupi, odwala adakumana ndi insulin. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti njirayi idayambitsa kufa kwakukulu. Mu milandu 5%, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha insulin chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zidapha.

Pa maphunziro azachipatala, zidapezeka kuti njirayi siyothandiza. Zotsatira za insulin kugwedezeka kwamankhwala amisala panthawi ya mayeso azachipatala zawonetsa kusakwanira kwake. Izi nthawi ina zinkadzetsa mkwiyo pakati pa akatswiri azamisala omwe adagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa mwachangu. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti mankhwalawa a schizophrenia omwe ali ndi insulin mantha adagwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka 1960s.

Koma popita nthawi, umboni kuti kuphatikiza kwa njira yotere unakulitsidwa. Ndipo mankhwalawo anagwira ntchito pokhapokha ngati wodwala wakondweretsedwa.

Kalelo mu 2004, A. I. Nelson adanenanso kuti insulin shock therapy imawonedwabe ngati imodzi yothandiza kwambiri m'dzikoli. Ndizachilendo kuti akatswiri azamisala aku America, omwe adayendera zipatala za Soviet mu 1989, adawona kuti chikomokere chomwe chidayambika motere chidagwiritsidwa ntchito pagawo la dzikolo pokhudzana ndi anthu omwe alibe zisonyezo zokhudzana ndi psychotic kapena othandizira. Mwachitsanzo, kwa osokoneza, chithandizo cha insulin chogwiritsidwa ntchito mwamphamvu.

Koma pakadali pano, kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi kwakhala kochepa kwambiri. Koma nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti insulin shock imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati chithandizo china sichinathandize. Koma pali zigawo momwe njira zotere sizigwiritsidwa ntchito konse.

Chizindikiro chachikulu chogwiritsa ntchito insulin mantha ndi psychoses, schizophrenia koyamba. Makamaka, hallucinatory, delusional syndrome imathandizidwa motere. Amakhulupirira kuti mankhwalawa ali ndi vuto loletsa kuponderezana. Koma, malingana ndi ziwerengero zalamulo, nthawi zina, chithandizo choterechi chimayambitsa kuwonongeka, osati kusintha.

Zotsatira zoyipa

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chithandizo chamankhwala pachokha chimakhala ndi zowawa. Chifukwa chake, njirayi siyotchuka kwambiri.Kunjenjemera kwa insulin kumaphatikizidwa ndi thukuta lotukwana, kukwiya komanso kumva mwamphamvu njala, kukokana. Odwala nawonso amafotokoza kuti chithandizo choterechi ndi chopweteka kwambiri.

Kuphatikiza apo, pali chiopsezo chomwe chikomerochi chikokerako. Kukhezanso mobwerezabwereza kumatha kuchitika. Nthawi zina, kugwirira insulin kumabweretsa imfa. Chithandizo chofananira ndi contraindication zilipo.

Pazotsatira zake

Poyamba, kudwala kwa insulin kudachitika chifukwa cha odwala omwe amalwala m'malingaliro omwe amakana kudya. Pambuyo pake zidadziwika kuti mkhalidwe wa odwala pambuyo poti chithandizo chatha. Zotsatira zake, mankhwala a insulin adayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda amisala.

Pakadali pano, insulin imagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba kuukira kwa schizophrenia.

Zotsatira zabwino zimawonedwa ndi hallucinatory-paranoid schizophrenia. Ndipo chaching'ono kwambiri chimawonetsa insulin mankhwala pochiza matenda osavuta a schizophrenia.

Kumbukirani kuti pachimake hepatitis, cirrhosis, kapamba, urolithiasis ndi zotsutsana ndi insulin.

Chithandizo chotere sichikulimbikitsidwa kwa odwala omwe atopa, chifuwa chachikulu, ndi matenda aubongo.

Insulin chikomokere zimatheka ndi mu mnofu makonzedwe a insulin. Nthawi zambiri pezani mlingo wofunikira, pang'onopang'ono muchulukane kuchuluka. Yambani ndikuyambitsa zigawo zinayi za panganoli.

Kukomoka koyamba sikuyenera kupitilira mphindi 5-10. Kupitilira apo, Zizindikiro zake zimaleka. Kutalika kwa chikomokere kumatha kuchuluka mpaka mphindi 40. Njira ya mankhwala nthawi zambiri imakhala pafupifupi 30 com.

Imani mawonetsedwe a chikomokere pobweretsa 40% shuga. Wodwala akangopeza chikumbumtima, amampatsa tiyi wokhala ndi shuga komanso chakudya cham'mawa. Ngati sakhudzidwa, tiyi wokhala ndi shuga umabayidwa kudzera pa probe. Kuyambitsa kukomoka kumachitika tsiku lililonse.

Kuyambira gawo lachiwiri ndi lachitatu la insulin, wodwalayo amawonetsa kugona, kusokonezeka kwa chikumbumtima, ndipo kamvekedwe ka minofu kachepa. Malankhulidwe ake ndi mafuta. Nthawi zina masinthidwe amthupi amasintha, kuyerekezera zinthu kumayamba. Nthawi zambiri pamachitika chidwi, kukhudzika.

Gawo lachinayi, wodwalayo amakhala osasunthika konse, samagwira chilichonse, minyewa yamatumbo imakwera, thukuta limamasulidwa, ndipo kutentha kumatsika. Nkhope yake imakhala yotuwa, ndipo ana ake amakhala ochepa. Nthawi zina pamakhala zovuta za kupuma, ntchito zamtima, Zizindikiro zonsezi zimayendetsedwa ndi amnesia.

Mavuto

Izi zimakhudza thupi sizingangopereka zovuta. Amawonetsedwa pakugwa mu mtima, kulephera kwa mtima, mapapu a edema, hypoglycemia wobwereza. Ngati zovuta ziyamba, hypoglycemia imasokonezedwa ndikupereka shuga, kenako vitamini B1, nicotinic acid imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kupanga kwake kwa zotsatira za insulin pamapeto pa matenda amisala kudakali kodabwitsa kwambiri. Zinali zotheka kudziwa kuti insulin coma imakhudza mbali zakuya za ubongo. Koma pakadali pano, asayansi sangathe kudziwa momwe zimachitikira.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kamodzi zofanana ndi zomwe zimachitika mu lobotomy. Amakhulupilira kuti adathandizira "kuwakhazikitsa mtima pansi" odwalawo, koma zotulukazo zidabisidwa mwachinsinsi. Ndipo zitadutsa zaka kuti mtundu wolumala wa njirayi udamvekedwa bwino, zomwe nthawi zambiri zinkabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa komanso zotsutsana.

Kumadzulo pakadali pano, mankhwala a insulini sakuphatikizidwa nkomwe m'maphunziro a zamisala yophunzitsa. Sichizindikirika ngati chothandiza. Mankhwalawa amawonedwa ngati owawa kwambiri, amadzetsa zovuta zambiri, zotsatira zoyipa, komanso amatha kupha.

Koma omwe amalimbikitsa insulin mankhwala akupitiliza kunena kuti njirayi imagwira ntchito. Ndipo m'maiko angapo, kuphatikizapo Russia, imagwiritsidwabe ntchito kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a mtima. Amakhulupirira kuti chithandizo choterocho chimalola odwala kuiwala za matenda awo kwa zaka zambiri. Ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale mankhwala othandizira safunika. Sikuti njira zonse zochizira matenda azamisala zimapereka izi. Pankhaniyi, mankhwala a insulin sagwiritsidwa ntchito konse popanda lingaliro loyenera la katswiri, komanso chilolezo cholembedwa cha wodwalayo mwachindunji.

Mavuto azamisala

Psychiatry ndi sayansi yovuta kudziwa. Ngakhale madokotala a madera ena ali ndi njira zolondola zofufuzira - pogwiritsa ntchito zida zomwe zikuwonetsa bwino zizindikiro za matendawa, amisala amisala amapatsidwa mwayi wotere. Palibe njira yopangira matenda, kuwunika momwe wodwalayo alili. Akatswiri azamankhwala amakakamizidwa kuti azingodalira mawu a wodwalayo.

Zomwezo, komanso milandu yodwala kuchokera ku machitidwe amisala, idapangitsa kukula kwa gulu lomwe limalimbana ndi zamisala. Oimira ake adakayikira njira zomwe madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito. Kuyambaku kunachitika mu 1960s. Omwe amathandizira anali ndi nkhawa ndi kuwonongeka pakuzindikira matenda amisala. Kupatula apo, aliyense wa iwo anali wogonjera kwambiri. Komanso, mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri anali ovulaza kuposa abwino kwa odwala. Mwachitsanzo, lobotomy, yomwe idachitidwa kwambiri m'mazaka amenewo, idadziwika kuti inali yachifwamba. Ndiyenera kunena kuti analidi wolumala.

Dr. Rosenhan adachita zoyesa zosangalatsa mu 1970s. Pa gawo lake lachiwiri, adauza kuchipatala cha amisala kuti adzaululira opanga omwe atumizidwe. Ma simulator ambiri atagwidwa, Rosenhan adavomereza kuti sanatumize simulators. Izi zidadzetsa mkwiyo womwe ukukwiya mpaka pano. Zinapezeka kuti anthu odwala matenda amisala amasiyanitsa mosavuta "awo" ndi anthu osokonezeka.

Malinga ndi zotsatira za ntchito za ochita izi, kuchuluka kwa odwala omwe akuchita zipatala zamisala ku United States kunatsika ndi 81%. Ambiri a iwo adamasulidwa ndikuamasulidwa ku chithandizo.

Wopanga njira

Zomwe zinapangitsa kuti wopanga mankhwala a insulin azikhala zovuta. Ambiri mwa mayiko otukuka adazindikira njira yake ngati cholakwitsa chachikulu cha zamisala za m'zaka za zana la 20. Kugwira kwake ntchito kunaderera zaka 30 pambuyo popanga. Komabe, kufikira nthawi imeneyi, ma insulin comas adatha kupha anthu ambiri.

Manfred Zekel, monga adayitanidwira kumapeto kwa moyo wake, adabadwira mumzinda wa Nadvirna ku Ukraine. Koma ndikofunikira kuti pamoyo wake maderawa adatha kupitiliza kukhala nzika za dziko la Austria, Poland, USSR, Third Reich, Ukraine.

Dokotala wam'tsogoloyo mwiniyo adabadwira ku Austria. Ndipo nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse itatha, adakhala mdziko muno. Popeza adalandira maphunziro apadera, adayamba kugwira ntchito kuchipatala chamiseche ku Berlin, makamaka polimbana ndi omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Kenako njira yatsopano yothandizira odwala matenda ashuga idapezeka, yomwe inali yopambana: kugwiritsa ntchito insulin kwa odwala matenda ashuga kunayamba.

Zekel adasankha kutsatira chitsanzo ichi. Adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito insulin kuti athandize chidwi cha odwala ake. Zotsatira zake, odwala ena omwe ali ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo atagwa, Zekel adazindikira kuti izi zimakhudza kwambiri malingaliro a anthu omwe amayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kusweka kwawo kunachepetsedwa.

Atayamba kulamulidwa ndi a Nazi, Zekel adabwerera ku Vienna, komwe adapitiliza kupanga mankhwala opangira insulin pofuna kuchiza matenda a schizophrenics. Anawonjezera Mlingo wa chinthu ichi ndikumutcha njira ya insulin. Pankhaniyi, kuwopsa kwa njirayi kunaululidwa. Amatha kufikira 5%.

Ndipo pambuyo pa nkhondo, pomwe njira zopweteka zamankhwala zimagwiritsidwa ntchito modzipereka, nkhani "Insulin Myth" idatulutsidwa, yomwe imatsimikiza kuyenera kwa chithandizo chotere.

Pambuyo pazaka 4, njira iyi idayesedwa. Mwachitsanzo, m'modzi mwa iwo, schizophrenia adathandizidwa ndi insulin mwa odwala ena ndi barbiturates mwa ena. Phunziroli silinapeze kusiyana pakati pa magulu.

Awa anali mathero a mankhwalawa. M'malo mwake, mu 1957, bizinesi yonse ya Dr. Zekel idawonongeka. Zachipatala zawekha zidapitilizabe kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi kwakanthawi, koma kale mu 1970 zidayiwalika bwino ku USA komanso kuzipatala zaku Europe. Koma ku USSR ndi Russian Federation, chithandizo cha insulin chimaphatikizidwanso mu njira zochizira matenda a schizophrenia, ngakhale kuti amadziwika kuti ndi njira yomaliza.

Ichi ndi chiyani

Kusungunuka kwa insulin ndikutengera kwa thupi kapena mkhalidwe womwe umachitika chifukwa cha kutsika kwa shuga m'magazi kwa nthawi yayitali. Mwanjira ina, imatchedwa insulin mantha.

Akatswiri azindikira mitundu ili:

Ketoacidotic - amapezeka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1. Ndi chifukwa chakumasulidwa kwa ma ketones ambiri, omwe amawoneka mthupi chifukwa cha kukonza mafuta acids. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zinthuzi, munthu amizidwa mu ketoacidotic coma.
Hyperosmolar - imayamba mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2. Chifukwa cha kuchepa mphamvu kwa madzi m'thupi. Mlingo wa shuga m'magazi umatha kufikira chizindikiro cha oposa 30 mmol / l, palibe ma ketones.
Hypoglycemic - imawoneka mwa omwe amapaka jekeseni yolakwika ya insulin kapena samatsata zakudya. Ndi chikomokere kwa hypoglycemic, shuga m'magazi amakafika 2,5 mmol / L ndikuchepera.
Lactic acidotic ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda ashuga. Amawoneka motsutsana ndi maziko a anaerobic glycolysis, omwe amatsogolera kusintha kwa lactate-pyruvate bwino.

Oletsa matenda

Zizindikiro za insulin chikomokere:

Mwazi umachepa m'magazi. Neuralgia, njira zingapo zamikhalidwe, zopweteka, kukomoka zimawonekera. Zotsatira zake, wodwalayo amatha kusokonezeka, ndipo kumatha kukhalanso mpungwepungwe.
Njira yodabwitsayo ya wodwalayo imasokonekera. Pali kuwonjezeka kwa mantha ndi nkhawa, kuchepa kwamitsempha yamagazi, kuthamanga kwa mtima, kugunda kwamphamvu kwamanjenje, pilomotor reflexes (minyewa yam'mimba yomwe imayambitsa zimachitika, zomwe anthu amazitcha goosebumps), thukuta kwambiri.

Zizindikiro

Vuto la insulini limawoneka modzidzimutsa, koma limakhala ndi zake zake zam'mbuyo. Ndi kuchepa pang'ono kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, wodwalayo amayamba kupweteka m'mutu, kusowa chilimbikitso, kutentha thupi.

Ndi vuto la shuga, kufooka kwazinthu zonse kumachitika. Kuphatikiza apo, mtima ukugunda pamlingo wothamanga, thukuta likukulitsa, manja ndi thupi lonse likugwedezeka.

Palibe zovuta kuthana ndi vutoli, mumangofunika kudya malonda omwe ali ndi mafuta ambiri. Odwala omwe amadziwa za matenda awo omwe amakhala ndi zotsekemera (shuga woyengedwa, maswiti, zina zambiri). Ndi zizindikiro zoyambirira za insulin mantha, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito kutsekemera kuti matenda a shuga asamachitike.

Ndi chithandizo cha insulin cha nthawi yayitali, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumachepetsa kwambiri madzulo komanso usiku. Munthawi imeneyi, mantha a hypoglycemic amatha kudziwonetsa. Ngati zoterezi zikuwoneka mwa wodwala pakugona, ndiye kuti mwina simungazindikire kwa nthawi yayitali.

Zofunikira

Nthawi yomweyo, wodwalayo amakhala ndi loto loipa, losaya komanso lodetsa nkhawa, ndipo nthawi zambiri munthu pang'ono amakhala ndi masomphenya osalephera. Matendawa akawonedwa mwa ana, nthawi zambiri amalira komanso kulira usiku, ndipo akamadzuka mwana samakumbukira zomwe zinachitika asadagwidwe, kuzindikira kwake kusokonezeka.

Pambuyo pakugona, odwala amakhala ndi zovuta. Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumachuluka, izi zimatchedwa glycemia mwachangu. Masana pambuyo pamavuto a shuga usiku, wodwalayo sakwiya, amakhala wamanjenje, wosakhudzika, akuwoneka wopanda chidwi m'thupi.

Zizindikiro zamankhwala

Wodwala ali ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi zamankhwala insulin coma ya kupanga (mwadala) kapena mwachilengedwe:

Khungu limakhala loyera ndi lonyowa.
palpitations,
ntchito ya minofu imachuluka.

Nthawi yomweyo, kupsinjika kwa diso sikusintha, lilime limakhalabe lonyowa, kupuma ndikumapitilizabe, koma ngati wodwalayo sanalandire thandizo lapadera munthawi yake, ndiye kuti m'kupita kwanthawi kupuma kumakhala kosazama.

Wodwala akakhala kuti ali ndi vuto la insulin kwa nthawi yayitali, vuto lokhala ndi hypotension limawonedwa, minofu imataya ntchito, zizindikiro za bradycardia zimawonekera ndipo kutentha kwa thupi kumachepa. Ikutsika pang'onopang'ono kuposa zikuyimira.

Kuphatikiza apo, pali kuchepa kapena kutayika kotheratu kwa mawonekedwe a Reflex.

Wodwala akapezeka kuti sanazindikire pa nthawi yake komanso ngati sanamuthandizire chithandizo chamankhwala, ndiye kuti zinthu zitha kusintha nthawi yomweyo.

Kusokonezeka kumatha kuoneka, kuukira kwa mseru, kusanza kumayambira, wodwalayo amapuma, ndipo pakapita nthawi amayamba kuzindikira. Komabe, izi sizizindikiro za kudwala matenda ashuga okha.

Pakufufuza kwamankhwala muubowo, shuga samapezeka mmenemo, komanso momwe zimasungidwira, nthawi yomweyo, zimatha kuwonetsa zotsatira zabwino komanso zoyipa. Zimatengera pamlingo uti kubwezeretsa kwa chakudya cha carbohydrate.

Zizindikiro za insulin coma zitha kuyang'aniridwa mwa anthu omwe akhala akudwala matenda a shuga kwa nthawi yayitali, pomwe kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatha kukhala muyezo kapena kuwonjezeka. Ndikofunika kulongosola kudumpha kwadzidzidzi mu data ya glycemic, mwachitsanzo, kuyambira 6 mmol / L mpaka 17 mmol / L kapena m'njira yosinthira.

Vuto la insulin nthawi zambiri limawonekera kwa odwala omwe amadalira kwambiri insulin chifukwa cha matenda a shuga.

Mikhalidwe yotsatirayi imakhala chinthu chofunikira pakuwoneka ngati:

Kuchuluka kwa insulini kosavomerezeka kumadwala.
Homoni anali atailowetsa osati pakhungu, koma m'mitsempha. Izi zitha kuchitika ngati syringe ili ndi singano yayitali, kapena wodwalayo akufuna kuthamangitsa mphamvu ya mankhwalawo.
Wodwalayo adakumana ndikuwonjezera zochitika zolimbitsa thupi, kenako osadya zakudya zopatsa thanzi.
Ngati wodwala sanadye chakudya chotsatira makonzedwe a mahomoni.
Wodwalayo adamwa mowa.
Kutikita minofu kunachitika mbali ya thupi komwe mahomoni adayambitsidwa.
Mimba koyamba miyezi iwiri.
Wodwala amakhala ndi kulephera kwa impso.
Wodwala ali ndi mafuta a chiwindi.

Mavuto a shuga ndi chikomokere nthawi zambiri amapangidwa mwa odwala matenda ashuga akapangidwa ndimatenda ofanana ndi chiwindi, matumbo, impso, ndi endocrine.

Nthawi zambiri, vuto la insulin limachitika wodwalayo atalandira salicylates kapena munthawi yomweyo mankhwala awa ndi sulfonamides.

Chithandizo cha insulin chikomachi chikuyamba ndi jakisoni wambiri wa shuga. Gwiritsani ntchito 25-110 ml ya 40% yankho. Mlingowo umatsimikiziridwa kutengera momwe mkhalidwe wa wodwala umakhalira bwino.

Woopsa milandu, makonzedwe a makolo a glucagon kapena jakisoni wa intramus wa glucocorticoids angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, jekeseni wa subcutaneous wa 2 ml ya 0,1% adrenaline hydrochloride angagwiritsidwe ntchito.

Ngati kumeza Reflex sikumatayika, wodwalayo amaloledwa kubaya shuga, kapena ayenera kumwa tiyi wokoma.

Wodwalayo atalephera kuzindikira, pomwe zochita za ophunzira poyambitsidwa ndi kuwala sizitsata, palibe mphamvu yakumeza, wodwalayo ayenera kugwetsa shuga pansi pa lilime lake. Ndipo munthawi yakusazindikira, imatha kutengeka kuchokera pakatikati pamlomo.

Izi zikuyenera kuchitika mosamala kuti wodwalayo asakodwe. Zinthu zofananira zotere zimapangidwa mu mawonekedwe a gel. Amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito uchi.

Sizoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito insulin chifukwa cha insulin coma, chifukwa timadzi timeneti timangoyambitsa zovuta ndikuchepetsa kwambiri mwayi wochira. Kugwiritsa ntchito chida ichi mu zamtunduwu kungayambitse imfa.

Pofuna kupewa kuyambika kwa mahomoni mwadzidzidzi, opanga amapatsa syringe ndi njira yolepheretsa.

Kupewa

Pofuna kuti thupi lisamubweretsere zovuta ngati insulin chikomokere, malamulo oyambira ayenera kuonedwa: kutsatira zakudya nthawi zonse, kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga, jekeseni insulin panthawi yake.

Zofunika! Ndikofunikira kuyang'ana pa alumali moyo wa insulin. Kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yomwe ntchito yatha!

Ndikwabwino kusamala kupsinjika ndi kulimbitsa thupi mwamphamvu. Matenda osiyanasiyana opatsirana, akapezeka, amathandizidwa atangoyamba kumene kwa chizindikirocho.

Makolo a mwana yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga ayenera kusamala kwambiri pakudya. Nthawi zambiri, mwana mobisa kuchokera kwa abambo ndi amayi ake amaphwanya zakudya zopatsa thanzi. Ndikwabwino poyamba kufotokozera zonse zotsatira za khalidweli.

Anthu athanzi amayenera kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ngati mukupatuka pazikhalidwe zovomerezeka, muyenera kulumikizana ndi endocrinologist.

Gulu lamavuto

Gulu lachiwopsezo limaphatikizapo odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osachiritsika omwe adachitidwa opaleshoni, atsikana oyembekezera.

Chiwopsezo cha kuperewera kwa hyperglycemic coma ndichulukirachulukira kwambiri kwa iwo omwe safuna kutsatira zakudya zomwe dokotala wawapatsa kapena amene samachepetsa mwadala mlingo wa insulin womwe umayendetsedwa. Kumwa mowa kumatha kupweteketsa mtima.

Zinadziwika kuti kudabwitsidwa kwa matenda a hyperglycemic ndi kosowa kwambiri kwa omwe ali ndi zaka zopuma, komanso kwa omwe amakonda kunenepa kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri vutoli limapezeka mwa ana (nthawi zambiri limachitika chifukwa chakusokonekera kwakula mu zakudya, zomwe nthawi zambiri ngakhale bambo ndi mayi sakudziwa za) kapena odwala adakali aang'ono komanso atadwala kwakanthawi. Pafupifupi 25% ya odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga, Zizindikiro za kholo zimawonedwa.

Psychiatry

Kugwiritsa ntchito insulin coma mu psychiatry ndi kuwunika kwa madotolo ndi odwala omwe pawokha amakhala ndi zotsatirapo zabwino za izi. Ngakhale kuti ndiwowopsa, kuchiritsa mwanjira imeneyi kumabweretsa zotsatira zake. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo lapadera.

Chithandizo cha matenda a schizophrenia ndi insulin chikomokere motere. Wodwalayo amapaka jekeseni mosavomerezeka ndi kuchuluka kwa insulin kwa thupi lake. Izi zimayambitsa mkhalidwe womwe umathandizira pochiza matendawa.

Zotsatira za insulin coma mu psychiatry ndizosiyana kwambiri. Monga tanena kale, izi ndi zowopsa ndipo zimatha kupha. Zaka 100 zapitazo zinali. Chifukwa chosowa chidziwitso ndi zida, madokotala sakanakhoza kupulumutsa wodwalayo nthawi zonse. Masiku ano, zonse ndizosiyana, ndipo pochotsa wodwala ku dziko lopangidwa modabwitsa, madokotala ali ndi njira ndi njira zawo.

Kukonzanso

Pambuyo pamavuto akulu monga chikomokere, chisamaliro chachikulu chiyenera kulipidwa ku gawo lokonzanso. Wodwala akachoka m'chipatala, ndikofunikira kukonza zonse kuti ayambe kuchira.

Choyamba, tsatirani malangizo onse a dotolo. Izi zikugwira ntchito pazakudya, moyo, komanso kufunikira kwa kupewa zizolowezi zoyipa.

Kachiwiri, kulipirira kuchepa kwa mavitamini, michere ndi micro yambiri yotayika panthawi yamatenda. Tengani mavitamini tata, onetsani chidwi osati kuchuluka kokha, komanso mtundu wa chakudya.

Ndipo chomaliza: musataye, musataye mtima ndipo yesetsani kusangalala tsiku lililonse. Popeza matenda ashuga sichotsutsa, ndi gawo chabe la moyo.

Insulin chikomokere: zomwe zimayambitsa, njira zamankhwala, kupewa, kuzindikira

Kanema (dinani kusewera).

Kuchepetsa insulin kumawerengedwa kuti ndi vuto loipa la hypoglycemia, momwe kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumatsika ndipo mahomoni-insulin opangidwa ndi kapamba amakula. Nthawi ina, muzochitika zazikuluzikulu za matenda a schizophrenia, samadziwa njira ina iliyonse yothandizira, kupatula kuti wodwalayo agwere insulin. Chifukwa chake ndi thandizo lachipatala adayesetsa kupulumutsa odwala ku matenda amisala. Pazachipatala zovomerezeka, pali njira imodzi yokha yodziwitsa wodwala pamkhalidwewu, koma ndingamupeze bwanji?

Kusungunuka kwa insulin ndikutengera kwa thupi kapena mkhalidwe womwe umachitika chifukwa cha kutsika kwa shuga m'magazi kwa nthawi yayitali. Mwanjira ina, imatchedwa insulin mantha.

Kanema (dinani kusewera).

Akatswiri azindikira mitundu ili:

Ketoacidotic - amapezeka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1. Ndi chifukwa chakumasulidwa kwa ma ketones ambiri, omwe amawoneka mthupi chifukwa cha kukonza mafuta acids. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zinthuzi, munthu amizidwa mu ketoacidotic coma.
Hyperosmolar - imayamba mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2. Chifukwa cha kuchepa mphamvu kwa madzi m'thupi. Mlingo wa shuga m'magazi umatha kufikira chizindikiro cha oposa 30 mmol / l, palibe ma ketones.
Hypoglycemic - imawoneka mwa omwe amapaka jekeseni yolakwika ya insulin kapena samatsata zakudya. Ndi chikomokere kwa hypoglycemic, shuga m'magazi amakafika 2,5 mmol / L ndikuchepera.
Lactic acidotic ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda ashuga. Amawoneka motsutsana ndi maziko a anaerobic glycolysis, omwe amatsogolera kusintha kwa lactate-pyruvate bwino.

Zizindikiro za insulin chikomokere:

Mwazi umachepa m'magazi. Neuralgia, njira zingapo zamikhalidwe, zopweteka, kukomoka zimawonekera. Zotsatira zake, wodwalayo amatha kusokonezeka, ndipo kumatha kukhalanso mpungwepungwe.
Njira yodabwitsayo ya wodwalayo imasokonekera. Pali kuwonjezeka kwa mantha ndi nkhawa, kuchepa kwamitsempha yamagazi, kuthamanga kwa mtima, kugunda kwamphamvu kwamanjenje, pilomotor reflexes (minyewa yam'mimba yomwe imayambitsa zimachitika, zomwe anthu amazitcha goosebumps), thukuta kwambiri.

Ndi vuto la shuga, kufooka kwazinthu zonse kumachitika. Kuphatikiza apo, mtima ukugunda pamlingo wothamanga, thukuta likukulitsa, manja ndi thupi lonse likugwedezeka.

Wodwala ali ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi zamankhwala insulin coma ya kupanga (mwadala) kapena mwachilengedwe:

Khungu limakhala loyera ndi lonyowa.
palpitations,
ntchito ya minofu imachuluka.

Kuphatikiza apo, pali kuchepa kapena kutayika kotheratu kwa mawonekedwe a Reflex.

Wodwala akapezeka kuti sanazindikire pa nthawi yake komanso ngati sanamuthandizire chithandizo chamankhwala, ndiye kuti zinthu zitha kusintha nthawi yomweyo.

Kusokonezeka kumatha kuoneka, kuukira kwa mseru, kusanza kumayambira, wodwalayo amapuma, ndipo pakapita nthawi amayamba kuzindikira. Komabe, izi sizizindikiro za kudwala matenda ashuga okha.

Vuto la insulin nthawi zambiri limawonekera kwa odwala omwe amadalira kwambiri insulin chifukwa cha matenda a shuga.

Mikhalidwe yotsatirayi imakhala chinthu chofunikira pakuwoneka ngati:

Kuchuluka kwa insulini kosavomerezeka kumadwala.
Homoni anali atailowetsa osati pakhungu, koma m'mitsempha. Izi zitha kuchitika ngati syringe ili ndi singano yayitali, kapena wodwalayo akufuna kuthamangitsa mphamvu ya mankhwalawo.
Wodwalayo adakumana ndikuwonjezera zochitika zolimbitsa thupi, kenako osadya zakudya zopatsa thanzi.
Ngati wodwala sanadye chakudya chotsatira makonzedwe a mahomoni.
Wodwalayo adamwa mowa.
Kutikita minofu kunachitika mbali ya thupi komwe mahomoni adayambitsidwa.
Mimba koyamba miyezi iwiri.
Wodwala amakhala ndi kulephera kwa impso.
Wodwala ali ndi mafuta a chiwindi.

Mavuto a shuga ndi chikomokere nthawi zambiri amapangidwa mwa odwala matenda ashuga akapangidwa ndimatenda ofanana ndi chiwindi, matumbo, impso, ndi endocrine.

Nthawi zambiri, vuto la insulin limachitika wodwalayo atalandira salicylates kapena munthawi yomweyo mankhwala awa ndi sulfonamides.

Ngati kumeza Reflex sikumatayika, wodwalayo amaloledwa kubaya shuga, kapena ayenera kumwa tiyi wokoma.

Izi zikuyenera kuchitika mosamala kuti wodwalayo asakodwe. Zinthu zofananira zotere zimapangidwa mu mawonekedwe a gel. Amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito uchi.

Pofuna kupewa kuyambika kwa mahomoni mwadzidzidzi, opanga amapatsa syringe ndi njira yolepheretsa.

Kuti muthandizidwe molondola, ndikofunikira kudziwa mawonetsedwe omwe amapezeka ndi insulin chikomokere. Zizindikirozi zikakhazikitsidwa, thandizo loyamba liyenera kuperekedwa kwa wodwala nthawi yomweyo.

kuyimbira foni
madokotala asanafike, ndikofunikira kuti wodwalayo akhale omasuka,
muyenera kum'patsa china chokoma: caramel, maswiti, chakumwa kapena uchi, kupanikizana kapena ayisikilimu. Ngati wodwalayo sakudziwa, ikani chidutswa cha shuga patsaya lake. Wodwala akakhala kuti akudwala matenda ashuga, maswiti sangamupweteke.

Ulendo wopita kuchipatala mudzafunika munthawi ngati izi:

ndi jakisoni wachiwiri wa shuga, wodwalayo sakudziwikanso, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi sikokwanira, kunjenjemera kwa insulin sikumatha,
insulin chikomokoma chimabwerezedwa kawiri kawiri
pamene kunali kotheka kuthana ndi insulin mantha, koma pali kupatuka mu ntchito ya mtima, mitsempha yamagazi, ndi mantha am'magazi, matenda a ubongo adawoneka omwe analibe kale.

Matenda a shuga kapena matenda a hypoglycemic ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe lingachititse kuti wodwala aphedwe. Chifukwa chake, thandizo la panthawi yake ndikukhazikitsa njira yothandizira bwino ndikofunikira.

Zofunika! Ndikofunikira kuyang'ana pa alumali moyo wa insulin. Kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yomwe ntchito yatha!

Ndikwabwino kusamala kupsinjika ndi kulimbitsa thupi mwamphamvu. Matenda osiyanasiyana opatsirana, akapezeka, amathandizidwa atangoyamba kumene kwa chizindikirocho.

Anthu athanzi amayenera kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ngati mukupatuka pazikhalidwe zovomerezeka, muyenera kulumikizana ndi endocrinologist.

Gulu lachiwopsezo limaphatikizapo odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osachiritsika omwe adachitidwa opaleshoni, atsikana oyembekezera.

Zinadziwika kuti kudabwitsidwa kwa matenda a hyperglycemic ndi kosowa kwambiri kwa omwe ali ndi zaka zopuma, komanso kwa omwe amakonda kunenepa kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri vutoli limapezeka mwa ana (nthawi zambiri limachitika chifukwa chakusokonekera kwakula m'zakudya, zomwe nthawi zambiri ngakhale bambo ndi mayi sakudziwa za) kapena odwala adakali achichepere komanso nthawi yaying'ono yodwala. Pafupifupi 25% ya odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga, Zizindikiro za kholo zimawonedwa.

Zotsatira za insulin coma mu psychiatry ndizosiyana kwambiri. Monga tanena kale, izi ndi zowopsa ndipo zimatha kupha. Zaka 100 zapitazo zinali. Chifukwa chosowa chidziwitso ndi zida, madokotala sakanakhoza kupulumutsa wodwalayo nthawi zonse. Masiku ano, zonse ndizosiyana, ndipo pochotsa wodwala ku dziko lomwe adapangidwa, madokotala ali ndi njira ndi njira zawo.

Chifukwa cha zovuta zazikulu monga chikomokere, chidwi chachikulu chiyenera kulipira ku gawo lakukonzanso.Wodwala akachoka m'chipatala, ndikofunikira kukonza zonse kuti ayambe kuchira.

Choyamba, tsatirani malangizo onse a dotolo. Izi zikugwira ntchito pazakudya, moyo, komanso kufunikira kwa kupewa zizolowezi zoyipa.

Kachiwiri, kulipirira kuchepa kwa mavitamini, michere ndi micro yambiri yotayika panthawi yamatenda. Tengani mavitamini tata, onetsani chidwi osati kuchuluka kokha, komanso mtundu wa chakudya.

Ndipo chomaliza: musataye, musataye mtima ndipo yesetsani kusangalala tsiku lililonse. Popeza matenda ashuga sichotsutsa, ndi gawo chabe la moyo.

Kodi insulin coma ya shuga ndi chiyani?

Mankhwala obwezeretsa insulin kapena kukomoka kwa hypoglycemic amakula pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo ndipo ndiye gawo lotsiriza la hypoglycemia. Chifukwa cha hypoglycemia, munthu amadzidzimuka mwadzidzidzi.

Chifukwa chakuti maselo aubongo ndi minofu zimasowa chakudya choyenera, ntchito zonse zofunika mthupi zimakhala zopanda nkhawa. Kugwedezeka kwa insulin kumatanthauza zochitika zadzidzidzi, i.e. Popanda chisamaliro chadzidzidzi, imfa imatha kuchitika. Mwanjira iyi, kuchuluka kwa glucose kumatsika pansi pa 2.78 mmol / L.

Matenda a matenda ashuga - ndi chiyani? Mosiyana ndi insulin mantha, imakula pang'onopang'ono, pakupitilira masiku angapo, kudutsa nthawi yayitali.

Ndi iyo pali hyperglycemia, pamene kapamba alibe nthawi yopanga insulin yokwanira. Chifukwa chake, mfundo yamankhwala pano ndi yosiyana kwathunthu, shuga sayendetsedwa, ndizambiri zake. Zizindikiro pano ndizosiyana ndi insulin mantha. Amachitika kokha ndi matenda ashuga.

Mkhalidwe wa hypoglycemia umatha kukhazikika osati odwala matenda ashuga okha, komanso anthu athanzi omwe amakhala osadziletsa pakudya. Kudwala kwa insulin kwa odwala matenda ashuga kumatha kuchitika pazifukwa zotsatirazi:

Wodwala sanaphunzitsidwe kuchitapo kanthu kuti athe kuzindikira zizindikiro zoyambirira za hypoglycemia ndikuziletsa.
Wodwala amakonda kumwa mowa.
Mlingo wa insulin womwe umayendetsedwa unawonjezeredwa, mwina molakwitsa kapena chifukwa cha kuwerengera kolakwika.
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa insulin sikumagwirizana ndi kudya kwa ma carbohydrate kapena zochita zolimbitsa thupi. Wodwala amatha kumangoyambitsa dala nkhawa iliyonse popanda kuigwirizanitsa ndi adokotala ndikuyembekeza mwayi. Komanso, njira za zowonjezera zam'mimba zimayenera kufotokozedwa.
M'malo mokonzekera p / dermal, insulin idalowetsedwa / kutikitidwa, chifukwa syringe yokhazikika imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa insulin. Mu masanjidwe achizolowezi, singano imakhala yayitali ndipo m'malo mwa jakisoni wofikira, jakisoni ndi intramuscular. Zikatero, zochita za insulin zimathandizira kwambiri.
Kugunda pa jakisoni wa insulin. Ena amayamba kufinya jakisoni ndi swab ya thonje - izi sizingachitike.
Wodwalayo ali ndi hepatosis yamafuta, osalephera aimpso, omwe amachepetsa kuchoka kwa insulin m'thupi.
M'miyezi itatu yoyambirira ya mimba.
Pambuyo pamavuto akulu.
Chifukwa cha mankhwalawa ndi salicylates ndi sulfonamides, koma ndizosowa komanso makamaka okalamba.
Kudziletsa kwa nthawi yayitali kudya pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana.
Kuchulukitsa zolimbitsa thupi.
Kulowa m'mimba ndikusanza komanso m'mimba.

Ubongo umasowa shuga kuposa wina aliyense: poyerekeza ndi minofu, kufunika kwake ndikweza katatu. Vuto lina ndiloti ubongo ulibe ma carbohydrate awo ngati chiwindi, motero ndi hypersensitive. Ubongo suwasinthidwa kuti ugwiritse ntchito pazakudya zake zomwe zimazungulira mafuta m'magazi.

Mphamvu yamkati imawononga 20% ya glucose omwe akubwera. Mukadutsa mphindi 5-7 pakalibe kuchuluka kwa shuga, ma neuron a cortical amayamba kufa. Akuchititsa kusintha kosasintha. Amasiya kuyamwa glucose ndipo amathanso kuwonongeka ndi zinthu zowola, zomwe zimayambitsa ubongo. Pali ketoacidosis.

Maselo osiyanitsidwa kwambiri amafa choyamba. Choyamba, am'mbuyomu a chikomokere (hypoglycemic aura) amayamba, kenako, cerebellum, yomwe imayang'anira mgwirizano wamachitidwe, imakhudzidwa. Ngati shuga sanalandiridwe ngakhale pakadali pano, ndiye kuti maubongo omwe amapangidwawa amakhudzidwa - subcortical-diencephalic, ndipo pamapeto omaliza a chikomokere, medulla oblongata yonse imakhudzidwa momwe malo onse ofunikira amakhudzidwa (kupuma, kufalikira kwa magazi, chimbudzi) - coma ibwera. Iye ndiye korona wa hypoglycemia wosasinthika.

Gawo lotsogola limatha kuchepetsedwa kotero kuti zonse zimangokhala ngati mwadzidzidzi, m'mphindi zochepa. Chifukwa chake, thandizo liyenera kuperekedwa mwachangu.

Zizindikiro zakutsogolo ndizosiyanasiyana ndipo zimakula motsatira ma 2 metani: zomwe zili mu mtima zimachepa (neuroglycopenia), ndipo chachiwiri - kuzindikira kwa adrenal system kumayamba.

Poyambirira, kusintha kwa machitidwe, zizindikiro zamitsempha, kukhudzika, kulephera kudziwa, komanso chikomokere ndizochitika. Njira yachiwiri ndikuwonetsera ma ANS: kuchuluka kwa mtima, kuthamanga kwa magazi, hyperhidrosis, myalgia, malovu, mavuto komanso nkhawa zimakhazikika, "khungu la tsekwe" limawonekera - pilomotor reaction.

Kusankha koteroko ndikothekanso ngati wodwala matenda ashuga amatha kusintha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ndiye kuti amachepetsa monga momwe zimakhalira kumapangitsa kufooka kwa vutoli: cephalgia ndi chizungulire, kufooka ndi kuperewera. Izi ndi zomwe amatchedwa wachibale hypoglycemia.

Matenda a shuga a shuga amayamba kukula kwa shuga m'magazi oposa 5, mosatengera kuchuluka kwake. Izi zikusonyeza kuti kulumpha mu glucose kumawononga dongosolo lamanjenje lamkati.

kumva njala yayikulu,
kulira ndi kusokonekera,
cephalalgia, yemwe samatsitsimutsidwa ndi analgesics,
Khungu limanyowa, tachycardia
Khalidwe likadali lokwanira.

Khalidwe limakhala losakwanira - kusangalala popanda chifukwa kapena kupsa mtima kumawonekera kuti mupeze chakudya,
zovuta zamasamba zimawonekera - kutuluka thukuta, kupweteka kwa minofu, kuchuluka kwa masisitere, kugwedeza kwa dzanja, diplopia.

Hypoglycemia - pali gawo limodzi la ubongo:

minofu kamvekedwe, kamene kamadzaza ndi kupindika,
zamatsenga zimatuluka (Babinsky, proboscis),
ana amatupa
HELL ikwera
kugunda kwa mtima ndi thukuta kumapitilira,
kusanza kumayamba.

Kwenikweni coma - choyamba, magawo oyamba apamwamba a medulla oblongata Medullaoblongata akuphatikizidwa ndi njirayi, chikumbumtima chimazimitsidwa. Mawonekedwe onse a tendon amakhala okwera, ophunzirawa amachepa, mamvekedwe amaso akukulitsidwa. Koma kuthamanga kwa magazi kwayamba kale kutsika, ngakhale zimachitika kuti zimachitika mwachangu.

Kukomoka kwambiri - mbali zam'munsi za Medullaoblongata ndizolumikizana. Choyamba, Hyperhidrosis imangokhala, kenako imasiya. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kamvekedwe ka minofu, kusinthika kwathunthu kumachitika. Kupsinjika kwa magazi kumatsika, phokoso la mtima limasweka mwadzidzidzi, kupuma kwatsiku kumawonekera, komwe kumayima - kufa kumachitika.

Chifukwa chake, zomwe muyenera kulabadira mwachangu:

miyendo kuzirala
thukuta lawo ladzidzidzi
kufooka ndi ulesi, kukomoka,
Khungu lakhungu limatembenuka ndi kuyera kwa n / labial patatu limatuluka, dzanzi m'derali.

Kuchokera kumbali ya psyche:

Odwala amakwiya, masinthidwe a machitidwe awo, amakhala osalolera, wodwalayo sangakhale ndi chidwi chonse ndipo samakumbukira chilichonse,
nzeru zitha kuchepa kuchepa kwa dementia,
kulemala kumatha.

Ndi nthawi yayitali yochepetsera shuga, kupuma movutikira kumawonekera ngakhale ndi katundu wocheperako, ma palpitations opitilira 100-150 kumenyedwa / mphindi, diplopia, manja akugwedezeka poyamba, kenako thupi lonse. Kusuntha kwa wodwala kukasokonekera, izi zikuwonetsa kuyambiranso. Wodwala akakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira kumwa mankhwala okhala ndi shuga m'mbuyomu, kugwedezeka kwa insulini ndi zizindikiro zake kumatha pang'ono pang'ono.

Ngati hypoglycemia yapezeka, ndikofunikira kuti ichitikenso pamlingo wabwino kwa munthu wopatsidwa. Zikatero, mafuta osavuta am'mimba ndi abwino kwambiri - kuchuluka kwake kuyenera kukhala osachepera 10-15 g.

Shuga yamtunduwu imatha kugawidwa ngati shuga, misuzi ya zipatso, uchi, kupanikizana, shuga m'magome. Soda siabwino, chifukwa m'malo mwa shuga mumapezeka zotsekemera kwambiri ndipo amakhala osathandiza. Pambuyo pa mphindi 10, muyenera kuyeza shuga wamagazi, ndi matekinolo amakono amatha kuchitika nthawi yomweyo. Ngati mankhwalawo sanapezeke, bwerezaninso kudya zakudya zamagulu ambiri. Ngati mukulephera kuzindikira, itanani ambulansi nthawi yomweyo.

Thandizo loyamba la matenda ashuga: odwala matenda ashuga omwe amakhala ndi chidziwitso nthawi zonse amakhala ndi china chokomachi. Poyamba chizindikiro cha insulin, maswiti amatengedwa. Iwo omwe amalandira insulin ndi jakisoni ayenera kukumbukira kuti insulini imalephera nthawi zambiri madzulo ndi usiku.

Pogona, munthu mwina sangazindikiridwe. Koma kenako loto lotsika mtengo limakhala chizindikiro chowopsa: zikhala zosokoneza, ndikumadzuka pafupipafupi komanso kopitilira muyeso, ndikulota usiku.

Ndikagona, thanzi langa limakulirakulira. Mwazi wamagazi ukuwonjezeka - uku ndi glycemia wothandizira. Masana, pali kufooka, mantha, chidwi.

Kuchiza ndi jekeseni wofulumira wa 40% shuga m'magawo 20-100 ml kapena jakisoni wa glucagon wa mahomoni. Nthawi zambiri, achibale omwe amadziwa za matendawa amatha kuyambitsa, apolisi, akapeza khadi yomwe ili ndi matenda osokoneza bongo m'thumba mwawo, gulu la amisala lomwe silinayitanitsidwe wodwalayo mosasamala.

Woopsa milandu, adrenaline, corticosteroids amatha kubayidwa pansi pakhungu kudzera m'mitsempha / mwamphamvu kapena m'mitsempha. Insulin imasiyidwa kwathunthu. Ngati chikumbumtima sichitha, kupuma komanso kuwomba, muyenera kuyambitsa kutulutsa mtima kosalunjika komanso kupuma movutikira.

Ngati kuzindikira kulipo, tsanulira munthu pang'ono mkamwa mwake kapena kumuyika kachitsotso. Ngati kumeza ndikusungidwa ndipo sikutheka kubayidwa, imwani wodwalayo ndi msuzi wokoma (wopanda zamkati) kapena madzi.

Ngati palibe kumeza Reflex, mutha kukhetsa shuga pansi pa lilime. Ngati palibe zotsekemera zomwe zapezeka pafupi, ndikofunikira kuyambitsa kupweteketsa mtima kwambiri - izi ndikulimbitsa mwamphamvu pamasaya kapena kutsina. Izi zimagwira ntchito ngati ululu wammbuyo umasungidwa - ndi chifuwa chofatsa.

Awa ndi amodzi mwa matenda a schizophrenia. Nthawi yomweyo, pamakhala kusintha kwamkati mwa dongosolo lamanjenje, njira zoletsa komanso kusinthika kwa chisangalalo, zomwe zimasintha njira ya matendawa komanso zizindikiro za pachimake zimatha kupumulanso.

Kuchotsa kumatenga nthawi yayitali. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha pokhapokha chifukwa kuwongolera kwa ogwira ntchito nthawi kumafunikira.

Jakisoni wa tsiku ndi tsiku amakhala ndi inshuwaransi, ndipo amachoka. Mankhwala a insulin samapereka mavuto. Njira ya chithandizo nthawi zambiri imakhala yochepera 25 com.

Choopsa kwambiri ndi matenda a edema. Hypoglycemia pafupipafupi imatha kuyambitsa matenda a dementia, stroko komanso mtima.

Biochemical muzochitika mwa magawo: kuchepetsa shuga mpaka:

3.33-2.77 mmol / l - zizindikiro zoyambirira zimapezeka,
2.77-1.66 mmol / l - Zizindikiro zonse za hypoglycemia zikuwonekera,
1.38-1.65 mmol / L ndi m'munsimu - kutayika kwa chikumbumtima. Chinthu chachikulu ndi kuchuluka kwa glycemia.

Monga njira yothandizira, ndikofunikira kuyeza glycemia masiku 10 aliwonse kwa wodwala matenda ashuga.

Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri ngati wodwala atamwa mankhwala monga: anticoagulants, salicylates, tetracycline, beta-blockers, anti-TB. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mankhwalawa amakulitsa kupanga insulin. Komanso, ndi chizolowezi cha hypoglycemia, ndudu ndi mowa ziyenera kutayidwa.

Glucose ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwathupi lonse. Pancreas ikamagwira ntchito moyenera, magazi a shuga amasungidwa.

Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, ndikofunikira kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa glucose.

Kupanda kutero, nthawi zovuta zingachitike zomwe zingaike moyo wa munthu.

Kuchepa kwamwadzidzidzi kwa shuga mthupi, kunjenjemera kwa insulin kapena vuto la shuga. Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa insulin ya mahomoni kumatha kuwonjezeka kwambiri. Zizindikiro zimayamba msanga komanso ndizovuta.

Chifukwa cha kufa ndi chakudya cham'mimba komanso mpweya wa okosijeni, ntchito zofunika ndizoponderezedwa. Vuto la shuga limayamba chifukwa cha matenda ashuga. Kutsika kwa shuga m'munsi mwa 2.3 mmol / L kumawerengedwa kuti ndi kofunika.

Kuyambira pano, zosintha zosinthika zam'mimba zimachitika m'thupi. Koma ngati munthu wakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga nthawi zonse mpaka 20 mmol / L, ndiye kuti mkhalidwe wovuta kwa iye ukhale dontho la glucose mpaka 8 mmol / L.

Chofunika kwambiri pamkhalidwewu ndi kuperekedwa kwa nthawi yoyamba thandizo. Kuchitapo kanthu pakachitika vuto la insulin kungapulumutse moyo wa munthu.

Vuto la insulini limatha kukhala m'masiku ochepa, makamaka likadutsa gawo loyambirira. Ndikofunika kwambiri kukonza gawo ili ndikuyamba kulandira chithandizo nthawi yomweyo.

Kuti vutoli lithe kusintha, wodwalayo ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito pang'onopang'ono chakudya - phala, shuga, uchi, zakumwa zotsekemera.

Odwala omwe amadalira insulin amadwala kwambiri chifukwa cha mavuto a shuga usiku. Kwenikweni, ambiri samakonza izi kunyumba.

Zizindikiro zake zimaphatikizapo:

kugona kopanda tanthauzo
zolota
Kuda nkhawa
fuulani
akulira
kusokonezeka kwa chikumbumtima
kufooka pakudzuka,
mphwayi
mantha
kusinthasintha.

Kugwedezeka kwa insulin kumadziwika ndi kufalikira komanso chinyezi pakhungu. Kutentha kwa thupi kumachepa. Zovuta ndi kukoka zimatsika pansi pazowoneka. Palibe zoziziritsa kukhosi - ana sazindikira kuwala. Mitsempha yamagalasi mwadzidzidzi imatha kupezeka ndi glucometer.

Omwe amayambitsa boma ndi awa:

kuchuluka kwa insulin - Mlingo wolakwika,
kuyambitsa kwa mahomoni mumsempha, osati pansi pa khungu.
kunyalanyaza chakudya cham'madzi pambuyo pobayidwa ndi joni,
kumwa mowa
katundu wambiri pambuyo pa insulin,
zotupa malo hemorrhage - zolimbitsa thupi,
miyezi yoyamba ya mimba
kulephera kwa aimpso
mafuta mafuta m'chiwindi,
matenda matumbo
matenda a endocrine
kuphatikiza kosayenera kwa mankhwala.

Mikhalidwe yotereyi imayambitsidwa makamaka mwa odwala matenda amisala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito insulin mantha mankhwala. Njirayi imagwiridwa ndi cholinga chothandizira matenda a schizophrenic pathologies, ndipo ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ndi chilolezo chodwala. Panthawi zotere, wodwalayo amayang'aniridwa nthawi zonse kuti athe kupereka thandizo nthawi yayitali ngati pakufunika kutero.

Nthawi zina kukomoka kwa hypoglycemic kumatha kupezeka mwa anthu athanzi labwino. Kupsinjika kwamphamvu kwam'maganizo, kadyedwe kakang'ono ka carb, ndikuwonjezera thupi kungayambitse. Zizindikiro zidzakhala zofanana ndi matenda ashuga.

Ndi insulin chikomokere, ndikofunikira kwambiri molondola komanso mwachangu thandizo loyamba:

Imbani ambulansi.
Ikani wozunzidwayo malo omasuka.
Pezani shuga m'magazi pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer. Ngati izi sizingatheke (palibe chida), ndiye kuti mupereke kwa wodwalayo 20 ml ya 40% shuga. Ngati vuto losokonezekalo likugwirizana ndi kuchepa kwa shuga, ndiye kuti kusintha kumachitika mwachangu. Ndipo ngati kukanika kumagwirizana ndi hyperglycemia, ndiye kuti palibe zosintha zomwe zingachitike.
Apatseni omwe akumenyedwayo tiyi wokoma kapena chakumwa chokoma. Lolani kudya chidutswa cha mkate woyera, phala, shuga, uchi kapena kupanikizana. Palibe vuto musapereke ayisikilimu kapena chokoleti - izi zimangoyipa, chifukwa zimachepetsa kuyamwa kwa chakudya. Ngati munthu sadziwa kanthu, ndiye kuti muike chidutswa cha shuga patsaya lake.
Ndikofunikira kuchita kutulutsidwa kwa adrenaline m'magazi. Ngati chidwi sichitha, ndiye kuti kudzuka, kugwedeza ndi mitundu ina ya ululu wammbuyo kungathandize.
Muzovuta kwambiri, shuga imagwiritsa ntchito shuga kapena glucagon.

Chisamaliro chodzidzimutsa chimayenera kufika kanthawi kochepa, chifukwa izi ndizofunikira. Kupitilira apo, madokotala adzapereka chithandizo choyenera, kuwunika momwe wodwalayo alili.Mu chipatala, kuwunika pafupipafupi kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi glucose wolowerera kumachitika. Woopsa, mankhwala a corticosteroid angagwiritsidwe ntchito.

Ngati mankhwalawa amayamba kuchepa pafupipafupi kapena pambuyo pa zomwe sizinachitike, ndiye kuti muyenera kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala mosachedwa. Ichi ndi chiopsezo chowopsa, chomwe kupezeka kwa chithandizo chanthawi yake kumayambitsa mavuto.

matenda edema,
sitiroko
kuwonongeka kosasintha kwa dongosolo lamanjenje lamkati,
kusintha kwa umunthu
kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro
kunyanyala umunthu
zotsatira zakupha.

Matendawa amatengedwa kuti ndiowopsa kwa anthu okalamba omwe ali ndi vuto la kuzungulira kwa magazi.

Ndi mtundu wochepetsetsa wamavuto a shuga komanso chithandizo chamankhwala chapanthawi yake, matendawa ndi abwino. Zizindikiro zimathetsedwa mwachangu, ndipo kuchira kwamunthu ndikosavuta. Koma ndi mafomu owopsa, sikuti nthawi zonse munthu amayembekeza kuti zinthu zikhala bwino. Apa gawo lalikulu limaseweredwa ndi mtundu komanso nthawi yake yoyambira thandizo. Chithandizo chowongolera cha nthawi yayitali, mwachidziwikire, chimakhudza zotsatira zake.

Kanema kuchokera kwa katswiri:

Hypoglycemia imabweretsa insulin mantha komanso chikomokere. Popewa zovuta zomwe zingachitike, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi komanso kusamala.

Munthu amene ali pachiwopsezo ayenera:

Hypoglycemia ndi vuto lalikulu kwa munthu, zomwe zimatha kubweretsa mavuto akulu komanso kufa. Kupewa komanso kuthandizira panthawi yake kumathandizira kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito bwino.

Kudwala kwa insulin ndi mkhalidwe womwe umadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi (hypoglycemia) komanso kuchuluka kwa insulin, mahomoni opangidwa ndi kapamba. Izi pathological mkhalidwe zimachitika motsutsana maziko a matenda ashuga.

Mthupi lathanzi, insulini ndi glucose nthawi zonse zimakhala zovomerezeka, koma ndi matenda ashuga, kagayidwe kake kamachepa, ndipo ngati kusiyidwa, izi zingayambitse kudwala kwa insulin. Kupanda kutero, amathanso kutchedwa vuto la shuga kapena chikomokere mu hypoglycemic.

Matendawo ali pachimake. Monga lamulo, limayambitsidwa ndi nthawi ya oyambilira, koma nthawi zina zimakhala zochepa kwambiri kuti ngakhale wodwalayo mwiniyo alibe nthawi yoti azindikire. Zotsatira zake, kuiwalako mwadzidzidzi kumatha kuchitika, ndipo nthawi zina kuphwanya ntchito zofunika zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi medulla oblongata zimachitika.

Mavuto a shuga amabwera mofulumira, ndikuchepa kwambiri kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, komanso kuyamwa pang'onopang'ono ndi ubongo. Dziko loyambirira limayendetsedwa ndi njira izi:

Neuroglycopenia - kuchepa kwa msanga mu shuga. Amawonetsedwa ndimatenda amitsempha, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamatenda amisala, kulephera kudziwa, kukhumudwa. Zotsatira zake, imatha kusinthika.
Kusangalatsa kwa njira yomvera chisoni-adrenal, yomwe imadziwonetsera mu mawonekedwe a nkhawa kapena mantha, tachycardia, kuphipha kwa mitsempha yamagazi, kusokonezeka kwa dongosolo la mantha aumwini, kusintha kwa polymotor, kuchuluka thukuta.

Kukula kwa chikomokere kwa hypoglycemic kumachitika mwadzidzidzi. Koma zizindikiritso zakutsogolo zimanditsogolera. Pakachepa pang'ono kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi am'magazi, wodwalayo amatha kumva kupweteka mutu, kumva njala, kutentha kwambiri. Izi zimachitika motsutsana ndi kufooka wamba. Komanso, pamakhala kuthamanga kwamtima, kuwonjezeka kwa thukuta, kunjenjemera kwa miyendo kapena thupi lonse.

Pakadali pano, kuthana ndi vutoli ndikosavuta ngati mumwa mafuta. Odwala omwe amadziwa matenda awo nthawi zonse amakhala ndi zokonzekera izi kapena zakudya zotsekemera (zidutswa za shuga woyesedwa, tiyi wokoma kapena madzi, maswiti, ndi zina). Zizindikiro zoyambirira zikachitika, ndikokwanira kuzigwiritsa ntchito kuti thupi lizikhala ndi shuga.

Ngati mankhwalawa amachitika ndi insulin yokhala ndi nthawi yayitali, ndiye kuti kuchepa kwakukulu kwa shuga m'magazi kumachitika masana ndi usiku. Ndi panthawiyi pomwe insulin ingayambitse. Pazinthu zomwe izi zimachitika wodwalayo atagona, kwa nthawi yayitali sizimadziwika.

Pankhaniyi, vuto la kugona limakhalapo, limakhala lokhazikika, lopumula, nthawi zambiri zolota. Ngati mwana akudwala matenda, amatha kufuula kapena kulira kugona kwake. Pambuyo podzuka, kuyambiranso amnesia ndi chisokonezo zimawonedwa.

M'mawa, odwala amakhala osasangalala chifukwa chogona osagona. M'mawola awa, shuga wa magazi amakula kwambiri, wotchedwa "glycemia wothandizira." Usiku wonse pambuyo povutitsidwa ndi insulin usiku, wodwalayo amakhalabe wokwiyitsa, wowopsa, wamanjenje, amakhala wopanda chidwi, thupi lofooka.

Mwachindunji panthawi ya chikomokere cha hypoglycemic, zizindikiro zotsatirazi zamankhwala zimadziwika:

khungu ndi chinyezi pakhungu,
tachycardia
minofu hypertonicity.

Nthawi yomweyo, wogwirizira wamaso amakhalabe wabwinobwino, lilime limakhala lonyowa, kupuma kumakhalabe kotsekemera, koma pakakhala chisamaliro chamankhwala chapanthawi yake, pang'onopang'ono chimakhala chapamwamba.

Kudziwikitsa kwa nthawi yayitali mkhalidwe wamavuto a shuga, kuchepa kwa magazi, kuchepa kwa minofu, bradycardia, ndi kutentha kwa thupi kumatsika kuposa masiku onse. Reflexes imathanso kufooka kapena kusowa kwathunthu. Anawo asiya kuyankha kukuwala.

Ngati matenda omwe adapezeka mu gawo loyambirira la insulin adafotokozedwa samafotokozeredwa ndipo mulibe chithandizo chamankhwala, kuwonongeka kwakanthawi kwamunthu kumawonekera. Trismus, kukhumudwa, kunyansidwa komanso kusanza kumatha kuyamba, wodwalayo amakwiya, ndipo pakapita kanthawi amayamba kuzindikira.

Mukamayesa mayeso mu labotale mu mkodzo, shuga sawonekera. Pankhaniyi, momwe angapangire acetone imatha kukhala yolakwika komanso yolimbikitsa. Zotsatira zimatengera kuchuluka kwa kubwezeretsa kwa chakudya cha carbohydrate.

Zizindikiro za hypoglycemia zimatha kuvutitsa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga kwa nthawi yayitali, ngakhale atakhala ndi glucose wabwinobwino kapena kuchuluka kwake. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndi kusintha kwakuthwa mu glycemia, mwachitsanzo, kuyambira 18 mmol / l mpaka 7 mmol / l ndi mosemphanitsa.

Kugwedezeka kwa insulini kumachitika kwambiri kwa odwala omwe ali ndi mitundu yayikulu ya insulin yodalira matenda a shuga. Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zotsatirazi zimatha kupangitsa kuti izi zitheke:

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mlingo woyipa wa insulin.
Kukhazikitsa kwa mahomoni siwosinjirira, koma modekha. Izi zitha kuchitika ngati singano yayitali ili mu syringe kapena wodwalayo akuyesera kuti achete mphamvu ya mankhwalawo.
Kuchita zolimbitsa thupi mozama, pambuyo pake kudya zakudya zokhala ndi chakudya chamafuta sikunatsatire.
Ngati wodwala sanadye pambuyo pa insulin.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zakumwa zoledzeretsa.
Yesani malo komwe jekeseni adapangidwira.
Trimester yoyamba ya mimba.
Kulephera kwina.
Kuwonongeka kwamafuta kwa chiwindi.

Matenda a insulin nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nkhawa anthu omwe shuga imayamba chifukwa cha matenda a impso, matumbo, chiwindi, endocrine.

Nthawi zambiri, vuto la shuga limachitika mutamwa salicylates kapena munthawi yomweyo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa limodzi ndi sulfonamides.

Chithandizo cha chikomokere cha hypoglycemic chimayamba ndikuwonetsa shuga m'mitsempha. 40% yankho mu kuchuluka kwa 20-100 ml amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mlingo umatengera momwe wodwalayo amadzidwiranso.

Woopsa, glucagon amagwiritsidwa ntchito, glucocorticoids amathandizira kudzera m'mitsempha kapena intramuscularly. Njira ya 0.1% ya epinephrine hydrochloride ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito. 1 ml jekeseni wang'onopang'ono.

Ndikusunga wodwala akumeza Reflex, ndikofunikira kumwa ndi zakumwa zotsekemera kapena shuga.

Pofuna kutaya chikumbumtima, kusakhalapo kwa zomwe ophunzira amapita pakuwala ndikumeza Reflex, wodwalayo amkodwa ndi madontho ang'onoang'ono a shuga pansi pa lilime. Ngakhale mu chikomokere, chinthu ichi chimatha kumizidwa mwachindunji kuchokera kumkamwa wamkamwa. Chitani izi mosamala kwambiri kuti wodwalayo asakodwe. Pali ma fanizo amtundu wa gels. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito uchi.

Palibe chifukwa chomwe insulin iyenera kuperekedwa ndi hypoglycemic chikomokere, chifukwa zimangokulitsa mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo ndikuchepetsa kwambiri mwayi wowachira. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa muzochitika zotere kumatha kupha.

Kuti apewe insulin yoyendetsera, opanga ena amapangira syringe ndi loko yokhoma.

Kuti mupereke chisamaliro chodzidzimutsa, muyenera kudziwa bwino lomwe zizindikiro za insulin. Ngati mwatsimikiza kuti izi zikuchitika, pitilizani kuthandiza wodwalayo. Muli magawo awa:

Imbani ambulansi.
Gulu la madokotala lisanafike, thandizani wodwala kuti akhale momasuka: kugona kapena kukhala.
Mpatseni zokoma. Ikhoza kukhala shuga, tiyi, maswiti, uchi, ayisikilimu, kupanikizana. Monga lamulo, odwala amakhala ndi izi.
Pofuna kuti musakhale ndi chikumbumtima, ikirani wodwalayo chidutswa cha shuga patsaya. Ngakhale akudwala matenda ashuga, sizimavulaza thanzi.

Kugonekedwa kuchipatala mwadzidzidzi ndikofunikira pazinthu zotere:

Mobwerezabwereza makonzedwe a shuga samabwezeretsa wodwalayo chikumbumtima, pomwe kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhalabe otsika.
Nthawi zambiri insulin imadzidzimutsa.
Ngati kunali kotheka kuthana ndi mantha a hypoglycemic, koma pali zovuta ndi mtima, mantha amthupi, zovuta zamatumbo zimawonekera, zomwe kale sizinali.

Mankhwala a insulin ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe lingawononge moyo wodwala. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti athe kupereka chithandizo chamankhwala mwadzidzidzi munthawi yake ndikupanga chithandizo chofunikira chamankhwala.

Kuwongolera ku Endocrinology: Monograph. , Mankhwala - M., 2012 .-- 506 p.
Rumyantseva, T. Zolemba za odwala matenda ashuga. Zolemba za kudziyang'anira pawokha matenda ashuga: monograph. / T. Rumyantseva. - M: AST, Astrel-SPb, 2007 .-- 384 p.
Davydov Kuyang'ana pakupanga kwa beet-shuga ndi kusintha kwatsopano komwe kwapangidwira ku Russia / Davydov. - M: Buku la Demand, 1833. - 122 c.

Ndiloleni ndidziwitse. Dzina langa ndi Elena. Ndakhala ndikugwira ntchito ya endocrinologist kwa zaka zoposa 10. Ndikukhulupirira kuti pakadali pano ndili katswiri pantchito yanga ndipo ndikufuna kuthandiza alendo onse omwe amapezeka pamalowo kuti athetse zovuta osati ntchito. Zinthu zonse za tsambalo amazisonkhanitsa ndikuzikonza mosamala kuti athe kufotokoza zambiri zofunikira. Musanagwiritse ntchito zomwe zikufotokozedwa pa webusaitiyi, kufunsana ndi akatswiri ndizofunikira nthawi zonse.