Kodi dyslipidemia ndi njira yochizira matendawa: zoyambitsa, zizindikilo ndi zizindikiro zake

Dyslipidemia (DL) ndi pathological syndrome yolumikizidwa ndi kusokonezeka kwa lipid ndi lipoprotein metabolism, i.e. kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa kukhazikika kwawo m'mwazi. Ndi imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zowopsa kwa atherosulinosis ya matenda odalirika.

Lipids ndi lipoproteins ndi imodzi mwazomwe zimafunikira mphamvu ya thupi. Amakhala ngati mafuta achilengedwe. Lipids ndi gawo la lipoproteins.

Zomwe zimayambitsa dyslipidemia zitha kugawidwa chosasinthika (amkati) ndi kusinthika (exo native).

Zoyambazo zikuphatikiza zaka, jenda, mahomoni, komanso chibadwa cha makolo.

Gulu la zomwe zimayambitsa ngozi ku DL ndizochulukirapo. Zifukwa zikuluzikulu ndi izi:

• kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi (kudya kwambiri zopatsa mphamvu, mafuta ambiri, mafuta osavuta),
• kusuta fodya
• kunenepa kwambiri.

• matenda ashuga
• uchidakwa
• kuthamanga kwa magazi
• kupsinjika kwanthawi yayitali
• kumangokhala
• kupsinjika mwatsatanetsatane,
• aakulu subclinical kutupa.

Zomwe zimayambitsa DL zimatha kukhala matenda osiyanasiyana, ma syndromes a pathological komanso kumwa mankhwala ena.

Zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta monga ma chylomicrons ndi triglycerides m'magazi zimatengera kwambiri zinthu zakunja. Mpaka 80% ya kachulukidwe kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka lipoprotein amapangika m'thupi, makamaka m'chiwindi, ndipo pocheperako zimadalira zinthu zakunja. Mitundu ya mabanja yakubadwa kwa DL imadalira kwathunthu chibadwidwe.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa

Dyslipidemia imatha kumachitika nthawi zosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, ndimavuto omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kutseguka kwamafuta, komanso kudya kwambiri mafuta kuchokera ku chakudya.

Kuphatikiza apo, kusalinganika muyezo kwa kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa magawidwe awo ndi kuchoka. Izi ndizotheka ngakhale ndi mafuta ochepa mthupi ndi chakudya.

Malinga ndi pathogenetic limagwirira a dyslipidemic kusalinganika, pali mitundu ingapo ya etiopathogenetic dyslipidemia. Mwamtheradi mitundu yonse ya cholowa cha dyslipidemia ili m'mitundu yayikulu ndipo imagawidwa mu monogenic ndi polygenic.

1. Mitundu ya Monogenic imadziwika ndi kukula kwa dyslipidemia chifukwa cholandila jini losalongosoka la mwana kuchokera kwa kholo limodzi lomwe limadwala matendawa, kapena kwa onse nthawi imodzi.
2. Kukula kwa polygenic kwa dyslipidemia kumatsimikiziridwa osati kokha ndi cholowa cha jini losalongosoka, komanso ndi zovuta zoyipa zachilengedwe.

Zofunika! Chovuta kwambiri kudziwa ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa dyslipidemia, popeza kupezeka kwa matendawa kumachitika chifukwa cha matenda ena aliwonse omwe wodwala amakhala nawo.

Matenda akuluakulu omwe angayambitse izi kapena mtundu wa dyslipidemia wa pathogenetic ndi:

• matenda ashuga
• hypothyroidism
• mitundu yonse ya zimayambitsa matenda a chiwindi.

Kuzindikiritsa kwa dyslipidemia wa alimentary kumakhazikitsidwa chifukwa chotsimikizika cha kudya mafuta ambiri m'thupi komanso chakudya. Kusintha kofananako kwa dyslipidemia kumatha kuchitika monga mwa mtundu wakanthawi kochepa, momwe cholesterol imangokhalira kwa nthawi yochepa, ndipo izi zimachitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito kamodzi mafuta ambiri.

Nthawi zambiri, dyslipidemia amapezeka pokhapokha kuwonjezeka kwazigawo za cholesterol m'magazi. Ndipo izi ngakhale zili choncho kuti gawo lalikulu la anthu padziko lonse lapansi ali ndi matenda amisala.

Zizindikiro

Dyslipidemia amapezeka yekha mu labotale. Pazifukwa izi, matenda amatha kuzindikirika kokha potengera umboni wa labotale. Chifukwa cha izi, matenda azachipatala samakhala patsogolo.

Akatswiri odziwa ntchito, komabe, ngakhale atayang'anitsitsa wodwala yemwe wakhala akuvutika ndi dyslipidemia kwa nthawi yayitali, amatha kukayikira matendawa. Zizindikiro zachipatala zotere zimaphatikizapo xanthomas - zisindikizo zazing'ono pakhungu. Malo okondweretsa a xanthomas ndi,

1. Mapazi ake,
2. mafupa ndi manja
3. zigawo zam'mbuyo.

Kuchuluka kwambiri kwa cholesterol, yomwe imafotokozedwa m'njira yazigawo zingapo, imayendera limodzi ndi mawonekedwe a xanthelasm. Awa ndi ma neoplasms achikasu osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana, omwe amapezeka pazikope. Ma Xanthelasms ali ndi mawonekedwe omata, ndipo zomwe zili mkati mwake ndi cholesterol.

Ndi chibadwa chokhala ndi dyslipidemia, chipolopolo cha lipoid chimachitika. Uwu ndi mzungu wopanda pake womwe umapezeka pamphepete kunja kwa cornea.

Ngakhale umphawi wa mawonetseredwe azachipatala, ndizotheka kuzindikira dyslipidemia ngakhale pamaziko apadera. Izi zimaphatikizira kufufuza m'malo osiyanasiyana.

Kusanthula kwodziwika kwambiri masiku ano, pa data yomwe katswiri amayembekeza kuti apange dyslipidemia, ndi mbiri ya wodwala zam'mapapo. Mwa ichi akuti:

• kutsimikiza kwa ndende zosiyanasiyana mafuta cholesterol,
• kutsimikiza kwa kufunika kwa atherogenicity.

Zonsezi zikuwonetsa kuwopsa kwa matenda a atherosulinotic wodwala. Chifukwa chakuti chiwerengero chachikulu cha mitundu yamatenda a dyslipidemia ndi cholowa chamilandu, masiku ano kuyesa kwa majini ndikutanthauzira kwa mtundu wosalongosoka ndikuwunika koyenera. Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chida choyezera cholesterol ndikuyesera kunyumba.

Mitundu yamatenda

Kusankhidwa kwamitundu mitundu yamatendawa kumapangidwa pamaziko a kuchuluka kwa mafuta komwe kumakulitsidwa m'magazi a wodwalayo. Ma dyslipidemia onse amagawidwa padera komanso kuphatikiza.

1. Okhala okha ndi omwe omwe amawonetsa ma lipoproteins, omwe ndi zigawo za cholesterol, amawonjezeka.
2. Kuphatikizidwa - ndi dyslipidemia, kuphatikiza cholesterol, kuchuluka kwa triglycerides kumadziwikanso.

Njira yodziwika yosiyanitsira dyslipidemia ndiyo gulu la Fredrickson, malinga ndi momwe matenda am'magulu awa agawidwira m'mitundu isanu:

• Hereditary primary hyperchilomicronemia, mtundu wina wa 1 dyslipidemia. Matendawa amaphatikizidwa pokhapokha kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa ma chylomicrons, 90% ya triglycerides ndi 10% ya cholesterol. Zoti kusiyanasiyana kwa dyslipidemia sikungakhale kofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwa zotupa za mtima ndi mitsempha ya magazi kumalimbikitsa.
• Mtundu wachiwiri wa dyslipidemia umadziwika kokha ndi kuchuluka kwa ma lipoproteins otsika kwambiri okhudzana ndi tizigawo ta cholesterol yokhala ndi atherogenicity yayikulu. Matenda amtunduwu ndi a polygenic, popeza kupezeka kwa vuto la kusokoneza bongo kumafuna kuphatikizika kwa majini omwe ali ndi cholowa komanso zovuta zachilengedwe. Khalidwe lodziwika bwino la mtundu wa 2 dyslipidemia ndichakuti wodwalayo samangokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa lipoproteins otsika, komanso mlingo wa triglycerides.
• Mtundu wachitatu wa dyslipidemia amadziwika ndi kuwonekera kwa wodwala kwambiri wa lipoproteins yotsika kwambiri, izi zimayendera limodzi ndi zotupa zam'matumbo amtundu wam'matumbo.
• Ndi mtundu wachinayi, palinso kuwonjezeka kwa muloproteins otsika kwambiri. Koma pankhaniyi, matendawa amakula osati chifukwa chobadwa nawo, koma chifukwa chamabanja.
• Mtundu wachisanu wa dyslipidemia ndikuwonjezereka kwa kuchuluka kwa ma chylomicrons m'magazi, omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha lipoproteins yotsika kwambiri.

Chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamatendawa omwe ali ndi vuto la dyslipidemic m'magulu apadziko lonse lapansi, pali mitundu ingapo ya matenda awa. Komabe, kwa 10 mcb dyslipidemia ili ndi code imodzi E78.

Njira zochizira komanso zodzitetezera zomwe zimayikidwa pakuchotsa zizindikiro za matendawa ndizosiyanasiyana. Samangokhala pakukonzanso mankhwala, komanso kutsatira malangizo a wazakudya, pakusintha kwamachitidwe.

Tcherani khutu! Malangizo osagwirizana ndi mankhwala omwe amayenera kukhala osagwirizana ndi mankhwalawa amayenera kuonedwa onse ndi mitundu ya cholowa cha matenda (pofuna kupewa kupitilirabe), komanso ndi mitundu yachiwiri. Zochizira yachiwiri ya dyslipidemia, pamafunika kuchotsa koyambirira komwe kumachitika, ndiye kuti matenda oopsa.

Mndandanda waukulu wamankhwala wofunitsitsa kutsitsa cholesterol ndi mitundu yake yonse yazigawo zake ndizotsatira za bile acid ndi ma statins, mapiritsi a cholesterol. Kuwongolera milingo yayitali kwambiri ya lipoprotein ndi triglycerides, micrate ndi nicotinic acid amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mankhwala omwe ali m'gulu la statin ndi maantioconic a monocaline, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zina za enzyme, zomwe zimapangitsa kupanga magawo a cholesterol ndi chiwindi.

Mankhwalawa Atorvastatin, Lovastatin, Pravastatin, omwe ali m'gulu la statin, amapangidwa lero ndi njira ziwiri komanso zovuta kupanga. Chithandizo cha dyslipidemia ndi ma statins limodzi ndi kuchepa kwama cholesterol kwanthaŵi yayitali osati wamba komanso cholesterol yotsika kwambiri. Izi zimathandiza kwambiri kupewa matenda a arteriosulinosis.

Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito ma statins ulinso chifukwa chakuti chithandizo choterechi sichimangokhala ndi zotsatira za lipid-kuchepetsa, komanso zotsatira zoyipa, mu mawonekedwe a kusintha pantchito yolembera njira zoponderezera m'matumbo.

Ngati monotherapy yokhala ndi ma statins sikubweretsa zotsatira zabwino, zovuta zochizira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya ma acid a bile, mwachitsanzo, Colestipol kapena Cholestyramine mu Mlingo wa 4 g. patsiku pakamwa.

Gulu la mankhwalawa limakhudza mwachindunji kapangidwe ka cholesterol. Izi zimachitika powonjezera kuchuluka kwa ma asidi a bile kuchokera mthupi ndi kupangika kwina kuchokera ku tizigawo ta cholesterol.

Chofunika kwambiri cha hypertriglyceridemia ndi matenda amtundu wamatumbo ndi ma contraindication athunthu ogwiritsira ntchito ndulu ya bile acid. Mu hypertriglyceridemia yokhayokha, ma fibrate amagwiritsidwa ntchito, mwachitsanzo, ciprofibrate - 100 mg / tsiku.

Chifukwa chakuti gululi la mankhwalawa lingayambitse miyala ya cholesterol m'matumbo a gallbladder, odwala onse omwe akhala akutenga ma fibrate kwa nthawi yayitali ayenera kumadutsa ultrasound pafupipafupi.

Kuphatikiza apo, ngati mtundu wa 5 dyslipidemia ukuphatikizidwa ndi kapamba, ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito nicotinic acid - 2 g / tsiku.

Koma mankhwalawa ali ndi zoyipa zomwe sizimalola kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nicotinic acid polimbana ndi dyslipidemia. Momwe zimachitidwira zimawonetsedwa ngati kufiyira khungu pakhungu ndi mutu.

Malangizo pazakudya

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa masinthidwe azakudya za wodwala omwe ali ndi vuto lililonse la dyslipidemia cholinga chake ndi:

• kuthetsa chiwopsezo cha zomwe zimachitika komanso kupitilira kwa mtima ndi mtima,
• Matenda a shuga m'magazi,
• kusintha kwa lipid,
• thrombophlebitis prophylaxis.

Gulu lomwe likuika pachiwopsezo cha dyslipidemia limaphatikizapo anthu omwe amakhala ndi zakudya zopatsa mphamvu, chifukwa chake, chithandizo choyambirira ndicho njira yomwe wodwalayo amadya. Ndondomeko ya zakudya imati zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku za wodwala yemwe ali ndi dyslipidemia ziyenera kuchepetsa kwambiri kudya nyama.

Zopangidwa ndi nyama zimaloledwa kuphatikizidwa m'zakudya kamodzi pa sabata, ndikuti pofuna kupatsa mphamvu thupi ndi mapuloteni, nsomba zam'madzi ziyenera kudyedwa pazovomerezeka. Mndandanda wa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la dyslipidemic ayenera kukhala wolemera mu zipatso ndi masamba omwe ali ndi michere yofunika komanso CHIKWANGWANI.

Zambiri zokhudzana ndi matendawa

Ngati mulingo wa lipid ndi wokwera kwambiri, ndiye kuti matenda amtunduwu amatchedwa hyperlipidemia. Kukula kwa matendawa kumakhudzidwa ndi moyo, kudya, kumwa mankhwala ena, kusowa zochita komanso zizolowezi zoyipa.

Dyslipidemia akusonyeza kuphwanya koyenera kwa mafuta pazinthu. Ma cell osachepera kulemera kwamankhwala amapanga chiwindi ndi kayendedwe kenakake kochokera ku ma cell ndi minofu yazinthu zonse zopangidwa ndi lipoproteins - zovuta za lipid protein. Mitundu itatu imatha kufotokozedwa momwe anthu otsika kwambiri, okwera, kapena otsika kwambiri.

LDL ndi VLDL ndi zida zazikulu zomwe zili ndi kuthekera kosungitsa cholesterol sediment. Amayambitsa matenda am'magazi ndi pamtima, ndipo cholesterol iyi ndi "yoyipa". LDL imatsutsa mapangidwe a malo a endothelium, omwe amachepetsa lumen ya mtima.

HDL ndi molekyu yomwe imasungunuka m'madzi ndikuthandizira kuchotsa mafuta m'thupi, kuteteza kupezeka kwake muzombo. Mu chiwindi, amatha kusinthidwa kukhala ma asidi a bile, kusiya thupi kudzera m'matumbo.

Mtengo wa atherogenic (chokwanira) ndiye kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa LDL ndi VLDL pazigawo zazitali kwambiri. Hypercholesterolemia ndikochulukitsa kwa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zoterezi m'magazi a anthu.

Potengera komwe mavutowa adachitika, komanso dyslipidemia, atherosulinosis imatha kuchitika, yomwe imayambitsa minofu hypoxia. Kuti muzindikire mkhalidwewu, ndikokwanira kusanthula zitsanzo zamagazi ndikuwunika kagayidwe ka lipid.

Pankhani ya kusalinganika amati:

• Cholesterol (yonse) imaposa 6.3 mmol / L.
• KA idutsa 3.
• TG yoposa 2.5 mmol / L.
• LDL imaposa 3 mmol / L.
• HDL yochepera 1 mmol / L kwa amuna ndipo pansi pa 1.2 mmol / L kwa akazi.

Zochitika Pathology

Zomwe zimayambitsa mapangidwe a matendawa zimatha kugawidwa m'magulu angapo:

• Kudziletsa. Dyslipidemia ya pulayimayi imafalikira makamaka kuchokera kwa makolo omwe ali ndi vuto losakhazikika mu DNA yawo yokhala ndi cholesterol synthesis.
• Zomwe zimayambitsa dyslipidemia yachiwiri zimapezeka:
  1. Ndi hypothyroidism, pomwe magwiridwe antchito a chithokomiro amachepa.
  2. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga, pamene glucose processing imachepa.
  3. Ngati pali matenda a chiwindi pamkhalidwe wolepheretsa, pamene kutuluka kwa ndulu kusokonezeka.
  4. Pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena.

• Zolakwika mu zakudya. Mitundu iwiri imasiyanitsidwa apa: yochepa komanso yokhazikika. Choyamba chimadziwika ndi mawonekedwe a hypercholesterolemia nthawi yomweyo kapena patatha tsiku limodzi pakudya kwakukulu zamafuta. Njira yokhazikika yodalirika yowonekera imawonedwa mwa anthu omwe amadya zakudya ndi nyama yambiri.

Gulu lamavuto

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwonetsero cha matenda a ubongo chiwonjezeke, zimathandizira kupanga dyslipidemia. Zitha kugawidwa mosasinthika komanso kusasinthika. Pali gulu la anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lotenga matendawa.

• Zakudya zopanda pake, momwe mafuta a cholesterol ambiri amapangira.
• Khalidwe labwino.
• Kukhalapo kwa kupsinjika.
• Zizolowezi zoipa: mowa, kusuta.
• Kunenepa kwambiri
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi.
• Kubweza shuga.

Izi zimayeneranso kukonza ngati wodwala akufuna.

Zifukwa zopanda tanthauzo sizingasinthike. Amadziwika ndi amuna omwe ali ndi zaka zopitilira 45.Anthu omwe ali ndi mbiri yakale omwe adakhalapo ndi matenda oyambitsidwa ndi matenda a chifuwa chachikulu cha m'mimba, matenda a mtima, kukhumudwa, kufa mwadzidzidzi amathanso kutenga matenda.

Zizindikiro za matenda

Zizindikiro zakunja zitha kuwoneka ngati:

• Xanthomas. Izi ndi timinofu timene timagwira mwamphamvu kukhudza, zomwe zimakhala ndi tinthu tambiri ta cholesterol. Zimapezeka pamwamba pa zigawo za tendon. Nthawi zambiri amatha kupezeka m'manja, pang'onopang'ono pomwe amawoneka pama kanjedza ndi kumbuyo, kumbuyo kapena malo ena pakhungu.
• Xanthelasma Amawonekera pakuphatikizika kwa cholesterol pansi pamakutu a eyel. Maonekedwe ake amafanana ndi timiyala tachikasu tachikasu kapena khungu labwinobwino.
• Lipoid Chipilala cha cornea. Maonekedwe ake, ndi mzere womwe umayikidwa m'mphepete mwa cornea ya diso. Ndi loyera kapena imvi. Ngati mavuto abwera mwa odwala omwe sanakwanitse zaka 50, ndiye kuti izi zikusonyeza kuti chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa ndi chibadwa cha dyslipidemia.

Matendawa amakhala ndi vuto loti asawonekere kwa nthawi yayitali, pomwe kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwachitika kale m'thupi. Poyambirira kwa matenda a zam'mimba, vuto limatha kuzindikira mukadutsa ma lipid.

Zovuta zake zimakhazikitsidwa ndi metabolic syndrome, kwakukulu, ndizovuta zolephera pakati pa kagayidwe ka mafuta ndi kubereka kwa magazi. Mawonekedwe atha kukhala kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa lipids poyesa magazi, matenda oopsa, hyperglycemia, zolakwika za hemostasis.

Gulu la matenda

Kutengera kuchuluka kwa lipids, mitundu iyi yamatenda amasiyanitsidwa:

• Isolated hypercholesterolemia pamene kukweza cholesterol, yomwe ndi gawo la lipoproteins.
• Hyperlipidemia yosakanikirana, pamene kusanthula kukuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol ndi triglycerides.

Dyslipidemia ndimomwe zimachitika mwanjira inayake ikhoza kukhala yayikulu (izi zimaphatikizapo cholowa chamabadwa) kapena yachiwiri, yomwe idawoneka motsogozedwa ndi zovuta.

Kuphatikiza apo, pali magulu monga a Fredrickson, omwe mitundu yamatenda imadalira mtundu wa lipid womwe umakwezedwa. Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amatha kutsogolera ku atherosclerosis. Mitundu yotsatirayi ndiosiyanitsidwa:

• Herederal hyperchilomicronemia. Zimasiyanasiyana chifukwa ma chylomicrons okha ndiwo amakwezedwa poyesa magazi. Iyi ndiye njira yokhayo yomwe chiopsezo chotengera atherosulinosis ndi chocheperako.
• 2a mawonedwe - ichi ndi cholowa cholimbitsa thupi kapena chotengera mphamvu zakunja. Nthawi yomweyo, zizindikiro za LDL zimachulukitsidwa.
• Mtundu wa 2b, izi zimaphatikizapo hyperlipidemia yophatikizika, pomwe lipoproteins yotsika kwambiri komanso yotsika kwambiri, komanso triglycerides.
• Mtundu wachitatu ndi cholowa cha dysbeta lipoproteinemia, pamene LDL imakwezedwa.
• Mtundu wachinayi umatchedwa endo native hyperlipidemia, pomwe mulingo wochepetsetsa kwambiri wa lipoproteins ukuwonjezeka.
• Mitundu 5 yomaliza imaphatikizanso cholowa cham'magazi, momwe ma chylomicrons ndi lipoproteins ochepa amachepa.

Zizindikiro

Nthawi zambiri, dyslipidemia imatha kuwonekera pochita mayeso angapo. Kuzindikira komaliza kumachitika pambuyo pa:

• Kufufuza koyambirira ndi mndandanda wamadandaulo ndi anamnesis kukuchitika. Dokotala amayesera kuti azindikire mawonekedwe a matenda omwe ali mwa wodwalayo, ndikuphunziranso zambiri za cholowa ndi matenda opatsirana.
• Kupezeka kwa xanthelasm, xanthoma, ndi lipoid arch ya cornea kuwululidwa.
• Patsani magazi ndi mkodzo kuti muwoneke.
• Mbiri ya lipid imatengedwa. Zimathandizira kudziwa mgwirizano wa atherogenicity.
• Class M ndi G immunoglobulins amapezeka m'magazi.

Kuchiza matenda

Kuti athetse matenda a metabolism, madokotala amatha kukupatsirani mankhwala apadera, chakudya chamagulu, moyo wokangalika, komanso njira zamankhwala azikhalidwe.

Njira yochizira ndi kutenga:

• Statin ndi mankhwala omwe amathandiza kuchepetsa cholesterol biosynthesis m'maselo a chiwindi. Mankhwalawa ali ndi anti-yotupa. Zodziwika kwambiri ndi atorvastatin, lovastatin, fluvastatin.
• Zilonda zotchulidwa za triglycerides zokwera. Chithandizo chimathandizira kuti HDL iwonjezeke, zomwe zimalepheretsa kuwoneka kwa atherosulinosis. Chothandiza kwambiri ndikuphatikizidwa kwa ma statins ndi ma fibrate, komabe, zovuta zoyipa monga myopathy zimatha kuchitika. Kuchokera pagululi, clofibrate, fenofibrate amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
• Nicotinic acid wopangidwa ndi Niacin, Enduracin. Mankhwalawa ali ndi katundu wotsitsa lipid.
• Mafuta ochulukirapo a polyunsaturated acid, omega-3. Amatha kupezeka m'mafuta a nsomba. Mankhwalawa amathandizira kuchepetsa magazi a cholesterol, lipids, LDL ndi VLDL. Mankhwalawa ndi anti-atherogenic, amatha kusintha magazi m'magazi ndikulepheretsa mapangidwe magazi.
• Cholesterol mayamwidwe inhibitors omwe amathandiza kuti mayamwidwe m'matumbo aang'ono. Mankhwala odziwika bwino ndi Ezetimibe.
• Resins yolumikizira ma asidi a bile: Colestipol, Cholestyramine. Mankhwalawa amafunikira ngati monotherapy ya hyperlipidemia kapena monga gawo lochizira zovuta ndi mankhwala ena a hypocholesterolemic.

Njira zapanyumba

Zithandizo za Folk zimathandizira kuchepetsa cholesterol komanso kusintha mkhalidwe wamitsempha yamagazi. Zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati thandizo lowonjezera.

Njira zodziwika bwino ndi izi:

• Kulandila kwa mbatata ya mbatata. Iyenera kumamwa tsiku lililonse pamimba yopanda kanthu. Kuti muchite izi, mbatata zosaphika zimasendedwa, kutsukidwa ndikuzisenda, nkhani zake zimafinya. Zotsatira zakumwa zimamwa zatsopano.
• Kusakaniza kwa mandimu, uchi, mafuta a masamba. Ndikofunikira kumwa mankhwalawa kwa nthawi yayitali, osachepera miyezi iwiri.
• Tiyi wa Melissa. Amachepetsa ndi kuyendetsa bwino ma cell, imasintha mitsempha ya m'magazi a mtima ndi mtima.
• Amayesa mathonje. Chifukwa cha izi, chomera chatsopano chatsopano chimayikidwa mu bafa lotentha. Atakakamira kwa theka la ola, amabweretsa kutentha kofunikira, ndipo miyendo imamizidwa m'madzi awa. Izi zimathandizira kuyimitsa atherosulinosis m'munsi yam'munsi.

Mfundo Zopatsa Thanzi pa Matenda

Zakudya zomwe zili ndi izi ndizofunikira kuti muchepetse cholesterol. Kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi kumathandizira kuchepetsa kunenepa kwambiri komanso kuchepetsa magazi m'thupi.

Ngati matenda a dyslipidemic amawonedwa, wodwala sayenera kudya mafuta ambiri a nyama.

Mafuta ambiri, kirimu wowawasa, mazira a mazira, batala, nyama yamafuta, soseji, soseji, offal, shrimp, squid, caviar, tchizi wokhala ndi mafuta oposa 40% sayenera kuphatikizidwa ndi zakudya.

Kuti muwonetsetse kuti thanzi limakhalabe lathunthu, mutha kusintha mafuta a nyama m'malo mwa masamba. Ndikofunika kwa odwala kuti atenge chimanga, mpendadzuwa, cottonseed, zingwe, mafuta a soya.

Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuyambitsa zakudya zina zam'mera, zomwe ndi:

• Zipatso, zipatso, masamba, nyemba. Zinthu zonsezi zimakhala ndi ulusi wazakudya, zomwe zimafuna osachepera 30 g patsiku.
• Mafuta osenda komanso soya, omwe amakhala ndi chimbudzi. Kuchuluka kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kuyenera kukhala 3 g.
• Ma plums atsopano, ma apricots, mapichesi, currants wakuda, beets, kaloti. Zogulitsazi zimakhala ndi ma pectins ambiri. Masana muyenera kudya pafupifupi 15 g chakudya chotere.

Malangizo akulu azakudya za dyslipidemia ndi kutsatira malamulo angapo:

• Kudya zipatso pafupipafupi, masamba, zipatso.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta a polyunsaturated, mono - ndipo amakhuta ayenera kuchitika m'chiyerekezo cha 1: 1: 1.
• Kuchepetsa kwa mafuta amkaka okwera kwambiri.
• Chepetsani kumwa mazira atatu m'masiku 7.

Kuledzera kwa mowa kumapangidwa, komabe, vinyo wofiira wouma, yemwe amatengedwa pang'ono asanadye, ndiwothandiza kwa odwala.

Zovuta za matenda

Zotsatira zoyipa za matendawa zimatha kugawidwa pachimake komanso chovuta. Zoyambazo zimaphatikizapo stroko, myocardial infarction. Pathology ikupanga mwachangu ndipo nthawi zambiri imapha.

Mavuto ena obwera ndi monga magazi kuundana, arrhythmia, matenda oopsa, aortic valve stenosis, kulephera kwa impso, angina pectoris, trophic zilonda zam'mimba, kusintha kwapakati pa claudication.

Popeza komwe kuwonongeka kwa mtima kumawonedwa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa malo amodzi a atherosulinotic, atherosulinosis imasiyanitsidwa:

• Aorta Amayambitsa matenda oopsa, nthawi zina amatha kupweteketsa mtima, aortic valve insufficiency, stenosis.
• Zotengera za mtima. Zingayambitse kulowerera kwamtima, kugunda kwa mtima, matenda amtima, kapena kulephera mtima.
• Zombo zapamadzi. Nthawi yomweyo, ziwalozo zimayamba kuvuta. Kutupa kwa mtima kumatha kuchitika, ndikupangitsa ischemia ndi stroke.
• Mitsempha yammbali. Imadziwonetsa yokha mu matenda oopsa.
• Mitsempha yamkati. Nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa infalction yamatumbo.
• Zotengera za m'munsi. Zitha kupangitsa kuti pakhale kudutsanapo kapena zilonda zam'mimba.

Mankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala

Sikoyenera kuchitira dyslipidemia ndimankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito njira zosagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Kupatula apo, pakusintha zakudya, ntchito ndi kupuma, komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi, mutha kukwaniritsa zabwino kwambiri. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera:

• muchepetse mafuta ochulukirapo azakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo nthawi zina uzisiyiratu.
• sinthanso thupi
• onjezani zolimbitsa thupi zolingana ndi mphamvu ndi kuthekera kwa wodwala,
• sinthani ku chakudya chopatsa thanzi, cholimba komanso chopatsa thanzi,
• kuchepetsa kwambiri kapena kusiya kumwa mowa, komwe kumakulitsa kuchuluka kwa ma triglycerides m'magazi a wodwalayo, kumathandizira kukhazikitsa makoma amitsempha yamagazi ndikuthandizira kukulitsa kwa atherosulinosis.
• kusuta kumathandizanso pakukula kwa matendawa.

Zakudya zamankhwala

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kudya kwa dyslipidemia ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zothandizira bwino. Zakudya sizinthu zakanthawi, koma moyo ndi zakudya zomwe kupewa kwa atherosulinosis kumakhazikitsidwa. Zakudya za matendawa zimayang'ana wodwalayo ndipo ali ndi mfundo zingapo:

• letsa kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yamafuta yamafuta, nsomba, mafuta anyama, shrimp, batala, mafuta amkaka, zakudya zamkati, masoseji ndi masoseji,
• kudalitsa zakudya zanu ndi mafuta, masamba, masamba, zipatso, nkhuku ndi nsomba,
• mankhwala amkaka amtundu amasonyezedwanso matenda amtunduwu,
• , m'magawo ang'onoang'ono pafupipafupi.

Chithandizo cha extracorporeal

Chithandizo chotere chimagwiritsidwa ntchito posintha magazi ndi kapangidwe ka magazi kunja kwa thupi la munthu. Seys atherogenic dyslipidemia ndichizindikiro pakugwiritsa ntchito njirayi. Indedi, atherogenic dyslipidemia ndichinthu chothandizira kukulitsa zovuta munthawi ya matenda amtima.

Mavuto omwe angakhalepo komanso zotsatirapo zake

Matendawa ndi othandizika, koma njirayi ndi yayitali kwambiri ndipo imafunikira kulangidwa komanso kulimba kuchokera kwa wodwala. Koma kuyesayesa kuli koyenera kupewa zovuta komanso zowopsa zaumoyo monga:

• atherosulinosis,
• matenda a mtima
• vuto la mtima
• sitiroko
• kutentha kwa mtima
• matenda oopsa
• matumbo atherosclerosis,
• atherosulinosis ya m'munsi malekezero.

Malinga ndi kapangidwe ka chitukuko, zovuta zonse zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri:

• lakuthwa
• aakulu.

Zovuta zapadera ndizomwe zimachitika ngati stenosis (compression) ya chotengera ndikubowola kwa thrombus kuchokera pamalo ake othandizira. Mwachidule, magazi amathiridwa kwathunthu kapena pang'ono pang'ono pomwe amatseka kuwala kwa chotengera ndipo ma embolism amapezeka. Matenda oterowo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa. Mavuto osaneneka ndi kupendekera pang'onopang'ono kwa thonje ndi chotengera cha magazi mkati mwake, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda osachiritsika am'deralo omwe amaperekedwa ndi chotengera ichi. Kukula kwa dyslipidemia kumatengera:

• kuwopsa ndi mtundu wa matenda,
• kuteteza chidwi cha atherosulinosis,
• kuchuluka kwa kayendedwe ka matenda
• kuzindikira kwakanthawi ndi chithandizo.

Kupewa

Matendawa, monga ena onse, ndiosavuta kupewa kuposa pambuyo pake kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kovuta. Chifukwa chake, dyslipidemia ikhoza kukhala yamitundu ingapo:

1. Kupewera koyambirira - magawo a zinthu zomwe zingathandize kupewa matenda ndi matendawa. Chifukwa chaichi, tikulimbikitsidwa:
2. Kupewa kwachiwiri - njira zomwe zimalepheretsa kukula kwa zovuta komanso kukula kwa matendawa. Prophylaxis yamtunduwu imagwiritsidwa ntchito kale dyslipidemia. Pachifukwa ichi, mutha kuyika:
   • Matenda a kulemera kwa thupi
   • njira yogwira ntchito
   • kupewa kupsinjika
   • kugawa nthawi yantchito ndi yopuma,
   • kuyezetsa magazi pafupipafupi ndi kuyesedwa kwa magazi ndi mkodzo, komanso miyeso yamagazi,
   • zakudya mankhwala
   • mankhwala osokoneza bongo,
   • zotsatira zosagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala pazomwe zimayambitsa matendawa.

Zizindikiro zoyipa zikaonekera, pitani kuchipatala.

Kupewa, kuzindikira komanso kuchiza, zomwe zimachitika munthawi yake, zitha kutalikitsa ndi kusunga moyo wa wodwalayo komanso mtundu wake. Gawo lalikulu la kuneneratu koteroko ndi kulangidwa ndi malingaliro osamalika ku thanzi la munthu.

Dyslipidemia ndiye chinthu chachikulu komanso, mwina, chodziwikiratu pachiwopsezo cha chitukuko cha matenda a mtima (ASC), omwe amachitika zinthu zina zowopsa zisanayambe kudziwonetsa. Umboni wa epidemiological umasonyezanso kuti hypercholesterolemia komanso mwina coronary atherosulinosis iwonso ali pachiwopsezo chotukuka kwa ischemic stroke. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, kuyambira 2009 mpaka 2012, anthu achikulire aku America opitilira 100 miliyoni ali ndi cholesterol (cholesterol) ≥200 mg / dl ndipo anthu pafupifupi 31 miliyoni ali ndi ≥240 mg / dl.

Pali umboni wowonjezereka woti chiopsezo cha zotumphukira zamatumbo, ischemic stroke, komanso ACSB, monga insulin kukana, kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimatsogolera kukuwonjezeka kwa triglycerides (TG), kuchepa kwa lipoproteins (LDL), kuchepa kwa kuponderezedwa kwa maopaleshoni apamwamba a HDL. ) m'magazi am'magazi.

Pamenepa, pa Epulo 23, 2017, magazini ya Endocrine Practice inafalitsa malingaliro azachipatala kwa akatswiri omwe adapangidwa ndi Board of Directors of the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) Board of Directors ndi Board of Trustors of the American College of Endocrinology (American American College of Endocrinology (ACE) Board of Trustasti), yomwe imatsata ndondomeko za AACE zomwe zinalembedwapo kale zaupangiri wokhazikitsidwa ndi malangizo azachipatala.

Malinga ndi olemba, chifukwa china chakulembera izi ndi malingaliro omwe anali otsutsana ndi American Cardiology Association / American College of Cardiology mu 2013, omwe adachotsa zolinga zochepetsa milingo ya LDL ndipo m'malo mwake adalimbikitsa kukula kwamphamvu kwa mankhwala a statin.

M'malo mwake, chitsogozo ichi ndi uthenga wopangidwa mwadongosolo wopangidwa kuti athandize akatswiri azaumoyo kupanga zisankho zokhudzana ndi zamankhwala, koma, monga momwe alembawo akunenera, iwo salowa m'malo mwa chigamulo chodziyimira payokha chamankhwala ndipo sayenera kutengedwa ngati chitsogozo.

Madivelopa akuti zambiri zomwe zalembedwazo zachokera pakuwunika mabuku, komanso pazovuta zomwe olemba adagwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru.Maupangiri awa ndi chikalata chogwira ntchito chomwe chikuwonetsa momwe malowa ali panthawiyi, koma popeza zisintha mwachanguzi zikuyembekezeka mderali, kusinthidwa kwakanthawi sikungalephereke. Ogwira ntchito zachipatala amalimbikitsidwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito izi pophatikizira kuwunika kachipatala bwino osatinso cholowa m'malo, ndipo malingaliro omwe aperekedwa sangakhale ovomerezeka konse konse. Lingaliro lililonse lomwe akatswiri akugwiritsa ntchito malangizowa liyenera kuchitika malinga ndi kuthekera kwawoko komanso momwe zinthu ziliri.

Chidule cha chikalatachi chili ndi malingaliro 87, pomwe 45 (51.7%) ali m'gulu A, 18 (20,7%) - B, 15 (17.2%) - C ndi 9 (10.3%) - Ku kalasi ya D. Izi mwatsatanetsatane, zotsimikizika zochokera kuumboni zimapereka malingaliro pazachipatala kuti apangidwe poganizira za maubwenzi omwe amapereka mbali zambiri za chisamaliro chachipatala m'mikhalidwe yeniyeni. Kusintha kumeneku kuli magwero 695, pomwe 203 (29.2%) ali ndi umboni wapamwamba kwambiri, 137 (19.7%) ali ndiumboni wapamwamba, 119 (17.1%) ofooka komanso 236 (34.0%) a) milandu palibe umboni wazachipatala.

Zomwe zingayike pachitukuko cha ASHB, olemba adawonetsa zotsatirazi. Zomwe zikuluzikulu ndizakuti: kuchuluka kwa zaka, kuchuluka kwa mafuta a seramu cholesterol ndi LDL cholesterol, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yopanda HDL (kuchepa kwa HDL), kuchepa kwa HDL, kupezeka kwa matenda osokoneza bongo, matenda oopsa, matenda a impso, kusuta, mbiri yakale yabanja About ASB. Zowonjezera zowopsa zinaonedwa: kunenepa kwambiri, mbiri yolemetsa yabanja ya hyperlipidemia, kuchuluka kwa LDL, kusala komanso kudya pambuyo pake hypertriglyceridemia, polycystic ovary syndrome, dyslipidemic (lipid) triad (kuphatikiza kwa hypertriglyceridemia, LDL-C ndi cholesterol yotsika. Olembawo adafotokozeranso zinthu zomwe sizoyambira pachikhalidwe, monga kukwera kwa milingo ya lipoprotein (a), kuchuluka kwa zochitika pazokhudzana ndi magazi, kuchuluka kwa zolemba zotupa, milingo ya homocysteine, uric acid, ndi TG.

Achinyamata onse omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amayenera kuyesedwa kuti adzayese mbiri ya lipid panthawi yodziwitsa. Ngati LDL ili mkati mwa chiwopsezo chovomerezeka (3.0 mmol / L,

Kuzindikira kuphwanya kumathandiza kusanthula kwamtundu, kafukufuku wamatenda, kuyezetsa magazi ndi mkodzo. Pansipa pali gulu kutengera mtundu wa kakulidwe:

• choyambirira (osati chifukwa cha kudwala)
• monogenic - mawonekedwe obadwa nawo,
• homozygous ndi mawonekedwe osowa omwe amapezeka chifukwa cholandiridwa ndi majini osalongosoka kuchokera kwa makolo onse awiri,
• heterozygous - mawonekedwe omwe amapezeka kutengera zakumaso kwa jini lotayika la makolo omwe amapatsira mwana,
• mawonekedwe a polygenic - cholowa, zinthu zakunja,
• mawonekedwe opatsa thanzi amapezeka chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa chakudya,
• dyslipoproteinemia - mawonekedwe omwe amakula mothandizidwa ndi zinthu za atherogenic,
• dyslipidemia yachiwiri ndi chifukwa cha matenda.

Kuphatikiza apo, pali gulu monga mtundu wa lipids, momwe mitundu ya dyslipidemia imawoneka motere:

1. Isolated hypercholesterolemia ndi kuchuluka kwa cholesterol, yomwe imabwera pakupanga mapuloteni.
2. Hyperlipidemia yophatikizika - kuchuluka kwa TG (esters omwe ali ndi mafuta acids) ndi cholesterol.

Fredrickson gulu la dyslipidemia

Wasayansi wotchuka anagawa dzikolo kukhala lipids. Uwu ndi gulu la dyslipidemia malinga ndi Fredrickson:

1. Type I hyperlipoproteinemia ndi cholowa hyperchilomicronemia, momwe kuchuluka kwa ma chylomicrons kumakulirakulira. Mtunduwu suchititsa atherosulinosis (ICD code E78.3).
2. Hyperlipoproteinemia ya Type II imagawidwanso m'magulu awiri. Kodi mtundu wa IIa hyperlipidemia ndi chiyani? Ili ndiye mtundu womwe zimawonekera pamenepo. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndi kutengera kwina komanso chilengedwe. Type IIb ndi mawonekedwe ophatikizika momwe LDL, TG, ndi VLDL zimakulitsidwa.
3. Hyperlipoproteinemia ya Type III, malinga ndi Fredrickson, ndi cholowa cha dysbeta-lipoproteinemia chomwe chikukula ndi LDL ndi TG.
4. Type IV hyperlipoproteinemia amayamba chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa magazi a VLDL. Dzina lina la mawonekedwe ndi endo native hyperlipemia.
5. Mtundu wotsiriza malinga ndi Fredrickson ndi chibadwa cha hypertriglyceridemia. Ndi mtundu V hyperlipoproteinemia, ma chylomicrons ndi kuchuluka kwa VLDL m'magazi.

Odwala ambiri omwe amawona izi pamakhadi awo samamvetsetsa dyslipidemia - chomwe chiri komanso chifukwa chomwe chimakhalira. Pakhoza kukhala zinthu zingapo. Zomwe zimayambitsa dyslipidemia ndi:

• Kuperewera kwa LDL receptor
• matenda a chiwindi
• ochepa matenda oopsa
• matenda ashuga
• masinthidwe abadwa (chachikulu hyperlipoproteinemia, polygenic hypercholesterolemia),
• kunenepa kwam'mimba,
• lipoprotein lipase
• hypothyroidism
• Chithandizo cha anti-antiotic,
• kumangokhala
• zizolowezi zoipa.

Dyslipidemia - Zizindikiro

Kusanthula kwa mbiri yachipatala, kuyezetsa wodwalayo, komanso kuyezetsa magazi (kusanthula kwa immunological, lipid mbiri, atherogenic index, kuyezetsa magazi a biochemical) kumathandizira kuzindikira vutoli ndikupanga matenda. Zizindikiro za dyslipidemia zitha kuoneka motere.

Dyslipidemia ndikuphwanya kwa lipid metabolism, komwe kumakhala kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa lipids m'magazi (kuchepa kapena kuwonjezeka) ndipo kumatanthauza zinthu zomwe zingayambitse kukula kwa njira zambiri za thupi mu thupi.

Cholesterol ndi gulu lachilengedwe lomwe, mwa zinthu zina, lili mbali yamatumbo am'mimba. Izi sizisungunuka m'madzi, koma sungunuka m'mafuta ndi ma organic sol sol. Pafupifupi 80% ya cholesterol imapangidwa ndi thupi lokha (chiwindi, matumbo, ziwengo za adrenal, impso, ndi zokhudzana ndi kugonana zimatenga nawo gawo popanga), 20% yotsalayi ilowa m'thupi ndi chakudya. Ma microflora amkati amachita nawo kagayidwe ka cholesterol.

Ntchito za cholesterol zimaphatikizapo kutsimikizira kukhazikika kwa ma membrane am'm cell mu kutentha kosiyanasiyana, kutenga nawo gawo mu vitamini D, mahomoni a adrenal (kuphatikizapo estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, cortisol, aldosterone), komanso ma asidi a bile.

Popanda chithandizo, atherosulinosis ya ziwiya imayamba motsutsana ndi maziko a dyslipidemia.

Mayendedwe a lipids mthupi, komanso kapangidwe kazinthu zopanga ma cell, ndi ma lipoproteins, omwe ndiophatikizika a lipids (lipo-) ndi mapuloteni (mapuloteni). Lipoproteins amagawidwa mwaulere (lipoproteins of plasma magazi, sungunuka m'madzi) komanso kapangidwe (lipoproteins of cell membranes, myelin sheal of nerve fibers, insoluble in madzi).

Ma lipoproteins aulere ophunziridwa kwambiri ndi ma lipoprotein a plasma, omwe amatchulidwa molingana ndi kupyapyala kwawo (zomwe zili zapamwamba za lipid, zotsika kachulukidwe):

• lipoproteins otsika kwambiri,
• lipoproteins ochepa
• milingo yapamwamba
• ma chylomicrons.

Cholesterol imatengedwera kupita ku zotumphukira ndi ma chylomicrons, otsika kwambiri komanso otsika kwambiri a lipoprotein, ndipo lipoproteins yapamwamba imapititsidwa ku chiwindi. Nthawi ya kuchepa kwa lipolytic ya ochepa osachulukitsa lipoprotein, omwe amachitika pansi pa lipoprotein lipase enzyme, apakati osalimba a lipoproteins amapangidwa. Nthawi zambiri, ma lipoproteins apakatikati amakhala ndi nthawi yochepa m'magazi, komabe, amatha kudziunjikira ndi zovuta zina za lipid metabolism.

Dyslipidemia amatanthauza zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa vuto la atherosulinosis, lomwe, limayambitsa matenda ambiri a mtima omwe amachitika munthu akamakalamba. Matenda a atherogenic a lipid metabolism amaphatikizapo:

• kuchuluka triglycerides ndi otsika kachulukidwe lipoproteins,
• kuchepa kwa osachulukitsa lipoproteins.

Zomwe zimapangidwira dyslipidemia zimatha kukhala zoberekera (zosintha zina kapena zingapo zomwe zimayambitsa Hyperproduction kapena zolakwika pakumasulidwa kwa triglycerides ndi lipoproteins yotsika kapena hypoproduction kapena extretion yapamwamba kwambiri ya lipoproteins), kapena kutengedwa. Nthawi zambiri, dyslipidemia imakhala chifukwa chophatikiza pazinthu zingapo.

Mankhwala a dyslipidemia ana akuchitika pokhapokha zaka 10.

Matenda akuluakulu omwe amathandizira pakukula kwa matendawa ndi monga kuphatikiza matenda a chiwindi, kulephera kwaimpso, hypothyroidism. Dyslipidemia nthawi zambiri imapezeka mwa odwala matenda a shuga. Cholinga chake ndichoti odwala oterewa atengeresios limodzi ndi kuchuluka kwa ma triglycerides otsika komanso kuchepa kwa lipoproteins m'magazi komanso kuchepa kwa munthawi yomweyo. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha dyslipidemia, makamaka kuphatikiza kwa kuchepetsa shuga komanso kunenepa kwambiri.

Zina zomwe zimayambitsa ngozi ndi izi:

• kupezeka kwa dyslipidemia mu mbiri ya mabanja, i.e.
• kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi (makamaka kudya kwambiri, kudya mafuta ochulukirapo),
• kusowa zolimbitsa thupi
• kunenepa kwambiri (makamaka kunenepa kwam'mimba),
• zizolowezi zoipa
• kupsinjika m'maganizo,
• kumwa mankhwala ena (mankhwala a diuretic, immunosuppressants, ndi ena otero),
• zaka zopitilira 45.

Mitundu ya Dyslipidemia

Dyslipidemia imagawidwa pobadwa ndipo amatenga, komanso yokhayokha komanso yophatikiza. Herederal dyslipidemia ndi monogenic, homozygous komanso heterozygous. Wopezeka akhoza kukhala woyamba, wachiwiri kapena wambentary.

Dyslipidemia kwenikweni ndi cholozera cha Laborator chokhacho chomwe chitha kutsimikizidwa ndi zotsatira za kuyezetsa magazi kwamomwemwini.

Malinga ndi gulu la dyslipidemia (hyperlipidemia) malinga ndi Fredrickson, yemwe amavomerezedwa ndi World Health Organisation ngati gawo lapadziko lonse la matenda a lipid metabolism, njira ya pathological imagawidwa m'mitundu isanu:

• mtundu 1 dyslipidemia (cholowa cholowa hyperchilomicronemia, chachikulu hyperlipoproteinemia) - amadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa milingo ya chylomicrons, sizomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa zotupa za atherosselotic, kufala kwa kupezeka mwa anthu ambiri ndi 0,1%,
• mtundu 2 dyslipidemia (polygenic hypercholesterolemia, cholowa hypercholesterolemia) - kuchuluka kwa otsika osalimba lipoproteins, pafupipafupi ndi 0,4%,
• lembani 2b dyslipidemia (kuphatikiza hyperlipidemia) - kuchuluka kwa otsika, otsika kwambiri otsika lipoproteins ndi triglycerides, omwe amapezeka pafupifupi 10%,
• mtundu wa 3 dyslipidemia (cholowa dysbeta lipoproteinemia) - kuchuluka kwa lipoprotein yapakatikati, kuthekera kwakukulu kwa kukulitsa zotupa zam'magazi a mitsempha ya magazi, pafupipafupi ndi 0.02%,
• lembani 4 dyslipidemia (endo native hyperlipemia) - kuwonjezeka kwa miloproteins otsika kwambiri, opezeka 1%,
• lembani 5 dyslipidemia (cholowa cholowa) - kuchuluka kwa ma chylomicrons ndi lipoproteins ochepa otsika kwambiri.

Zizindikiro za Dyslipidemia

Popeza DL ndi labotale yothandizira, mawonetseredwe ake amaphatikizidwa ndi atherosulinosis ya mitsempha ya ziwalozo ndi minofu yomwe imapereka:

• ischemia yamatumbo
• matenda a mtima
• atherosclerosis obliterans yamitsempha yam'munsi, etc.

Matenda a mtima - Matenda ofala kwambiri komanso oopsa a atherosulinosis. Anthu ambiri amafa chifukwa cha khansa yamitundu yonse. Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amawonekera mu mawonekedwe angina pectoris kapena myocardial infaration.

Angina pectoris Amadziwika kuti "angina pectoris", omwe amakhala ndi zizindikiro za matendawa - kukanikiza kapena kukakamiza kumva kumbuyo kwa kupsinjika kutalika kwa kupsinjika kwa thupi kapena kwamalingaliro, kumatenga mphindi zingapo ndikuyimitsidwa pambuyo pakusokoneza katundu kapena kutenga nitroglycerin.

Myocardial infaration zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chotumphukira cha zolembera zamtundu wa mtima ndi mapangidwe a magazi Izi zimabweretsa kutsekeka kwadzidzidzi kwa mtsempha wamagazi, pachimake ischemia, kuwonongeka ndi necrosis ya myocardium.

Ubongo umatha kudwala ischemia yayikulu komanso yovuta, yomwe imawonetsedwa ndi chizungulire, kusazindikira, kusiya kulankhula komanso kuyendetsa galimoto. Ichi sichinthu china chokha kuposa kugwidwa kwa matenda amisempha kapena mkhalidwe wam'mbuyo - kuwonongeka kwakanthawi. Ndi kufalikira kwa atherosulinosis ya malekezero am'munsi, kuchepa kwa magazi kumiyendo kumachitika. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti kwa nthawi yayitali atherosulinosis imakhalabe ya asymptomatic, mawonetseredwe azachipatala amayamba ndi kuchepetsa kwa mtsempha ndi 60-75%.

Dyslipidemia ya m'mabanja imatha kuchitika ndi stigmata, monga khungu xanthomas ndi eyelid xanthelasms.

Kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kuchuluka kwa magazi triglycerides (oposa 8 mmol / l) kungayambitse kupweteka kwamatumbo, komwe kumayendera limodzi ndi kupweteka kwambiri pamimba, nseru, kusanza, kulumala kwa mtima ndi kufooka kwathunthu.

The pathogenesis of dyslipidemia

Malangizo akuluakulu am'madzi a m'magazi ndi awa:

• cholesterol (cholesterol) - choyambirira cha ma asidi a bile, mahomoni ogonana ndi vitamini D,
• phospholipids (PL) - zigawo zikuluzikulu zopanga ma membrane onse a maselo ndi gawo lakunja la zigawo za lipoprotein,
• triglycerides (TG) - lipids zopangidwa kuchokera ku mafuta acids ndi glycerol, omwe amalowetsedwa ndi chakudya, kenako amazitumiza kuma depot amafuta kapena kuphatikizidwa ndi lipoproteins.

Mafuta acids (LC) madzi am'magazi - gwero lamphamvu ndi kapangidwe ka TG ndi PL. Amakhala odzaza komanso osakwaniritsidwa. LCD yotsogola ndi gawo lamafuta a nyama. ZosasunthikaLCD pangani mafuta masamba ndipo amagawidwa m'mafuta amafuta a mono- ndi polyunsaturated. Ma FAoun opanga ma monounsaturated amapezeka m'mafuta ambiri a maolivi, ndi ma polyunsaturated FAs mumafuta a nsomba ndi mafuta ena a masamba. Amakhulupilira kuti mafuta onsewa ndiofunikira kwa anthu, kuchuluka kwake kumayenera kukhala mpaka 30% ya zopatsa za tsiku ndi tsiku za chakudya ndikupatsidwe magawo atatu ofanana pakati pa ma- mono, polyunsaturated ndi saturated FAs.

Kuphatikiza kwamafuta ndi mapuloteni kumatchedwa lipoproteins kapena lipoproteins.

Momwe mungapewere matendawa

Kupewa dyslipidemia ndi:

• Sinthani kulemera.
• Khalani ndi moyo wokangalika.
• Kuchotsedwa kwa zochitika zopsinja.
• Kupititsa mayeso a kupewa.
• Zakudya zoyenera.
• Kukwaniritsa chipukuta misozi ma matenda a matenda a shuga. Afunika kuthandizidwa munthawi yake, kupewa mavuto.

Chovuta kwambiri chomwe wodwala angakumane nacho ndikupanga atherosulinosis, kugunda kwa mtima, sitiroko, mtima.

Mankhwalawa amakhala makamaka pakukonza mafuta kagayidwe, ma statins, michere, nicotinic acid, mayamwidwe amafuta a cholesterol, bile acid omanga ma cell, mafuta a polyunsaturated mafuta.

Lipid tizigawo komanso dyslipidemia

Munthu amaphunzira za dyslipidemia polandila kuyezetsa magazi. Nthawi zambiri, wodwalayo samadzikayikira kuti ndi chiyani, popeza momwe matendawo amadzisonkhira samadziwonetsa mwanjira iliyonse.

Thupi laumunthu limafunikira mafuta ndi zinthu ngati zamafuta kuti zizigwira ntchito bwino. Chimodzi mwa izo ndi cholesterol. Gawo lalikulu la phukusi limapangidwa m'chiwindi ndipo gawo limodzi lokha la zisanu limabwera ndi chakudya.Maselo onse amafunikira cholesterol. Amatenga nawo mbali pomanga ziwalo, koma sangalowe m'matumbo ndi magazi, chifukwa amadzimadzuwa. Kuti apereke cholesterol ku maselo, mapuloteni onyamula amafunika. Akaphatikizidwa ndi lipid, amapanga mitundu ya lipoprotein yamagulu awa:

• VLDLP (otsika kwambiri),
• LDL (kachulukidwe kakang'ono),
• LPPP (wapakati wapakati),
• HDL (kachulukidwe kakakulu).

Kutsika kachulukidwe ka lipoprotein, kumachepetsa mosavuta, kumasula cholesterol. VLDL ndi LDL zimatulutsa lipid kuchokera ku chiwindi kupita ku maselo, ndipo kukhathamira kwa zigawozi, ndizotheka kwambiri "kutaya" cholesterol "panjira." Iyenso amakhala pamakoma amitsempha yamagazi, kuchepetsa magazi ndi kupanga cholembera cha atherosselotic.

HDL ndi yokhazikika. Amapereka chiwongolero chomwe chimabweza chiwindi, komwe bile imapangidwa kuchokera pamenepo. Lipid yonse yowonjezera iyenera kutsimikiziridwa, koma sizichitika nthawi zonse. Pamene otsika osalimba a lipoproteins akuchuluka m'magazi ndi kuchuluka kwa HDL akutsikira, ichi ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro za dyslipidemia.

Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito chisonyezero monga mgwirizano wa atherogenic. Uwu ndi chiŵerengero cha cholesterol yathunthu pazopezeka HDL, yochepetsedwa ndi m'modzi. Ngati mtengo wa atherogenic index ndi wokulirapo kuposa 3, ndiye kuti amalankhula za dyslipidemia.

Kuphatikiza apo, matenda amtunduwu amaphatikizidwa ndi kuphatikizidwa kwakukulu mu plasma ya triglycerides ndi chylomicrons. Zoyambazo ndi zigawo za glycerol ndi mafuta acids. Pogawa, amapatsa mphamvu maselo - iyi ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri. Kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa triglycerides (TG) m'magazi amwazi ndi chizindikiro china cha dyslipidemia. Monga cholesterol, mankhwala awa amayenda mthupi lonse movuta ndi mapuloteni. Koma owonjezera TG yaulere amadzala ndi chiopsezo cha atherosulinosis.

Komabe, kuchuluka kwa mitundu ina ya zoyendera - ma chylomicrons - amaonedwa mu mitundu ina ya dyslipidemia.

Kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol “yovulaza” (LDL ndi VLDL) kumaika chiopsezo cha atherosulinosis. Komabe, matendawa samadziwonetsera mwanjira iliyonse kapena amapereka mayankho ofufutira mpaka chotchinga chotchinga chilichonse chachikulu ndikuwonongeka kwa ischemic minofu (necrosis, kugunda kwa mtima, sitiroko).

Komabe, dyslipidemia imatha kuwoneka nthawi zina. Zizindikiro zake zowoneka bwino ndizoyimira cholesterol: xanthomas ndi xanthellasma, lipoid arc ya cornea.

Xanthomas nthawi zambiri amapanga pamwamba pa tendons. Awa ndi mafupa owondera, ndipo malo omwe amawakonda kwambiri ndi malo a mapazi, manja, manja, kawirikawiri kumbuyo.

Xanthellasma ndizosavuta kuwona pankhope. Awa ndi mawonekedwe achikasu odzaza ndi mafuta m'thupi. Amapezeka pazopindika ndipo ali ndi zofooka zodzikongoletsera. Palibe chifukwa chowagwirira ntchito mpaka mulingo wa lipids m'magazi ukhale wabwinobwino.

Odwala omwe ali ndi zaka zopitilira 50, nthawi zina mutha kuwona lequid arc kuzungulira ziphuphu. Imakhala ndi imvi kapena yoyera. A lipoid arc sichina koma mafuta owonjezera.

Zolinga ndi mafomu

Zifukwa zakuphwanya mbiri ya lipid ndizambiri, ndipo malinga ndi iwo pali gulu la dyslipidemia:

Fomu yoyambirira ndi njira yodziyimira payokha. Siziphatikizidwa ndi matenda aliwonse kapena zinthu zina. Dyslipidemia yoyamba imatsimikizidwa ndikusintha kwa mtundu umodzi kapena zingapo womwe umayambitsa kupezeka kwa cholesterol:

• mawonekedwe obwera chifukwa cha kholo (kholo limodzi lokha lomwe limadutsa jini losalongosoka),
• mawonekedwe a homozygous (makolo onse awiri adapitilira kwa chibadwa cha 1 ndi masinthidwe).

Homozygous Familia dyslipidemia imachitika kangapo kawiri kuposa heterozygous: pafupifupi, munthu m'modzi pa miliyoni. Koma izi ndizovuta.

Komabe, zolakwika zamtunduwu zimapangidwa pazinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zimayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa metabolic. Potere, amalankhula za polygenic dyslipidemia. Umu ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wamaphunziro. Ngati kusintha kwa majini kumayambitsa matenda a lipid metabolism, dyslipidemia imatengedwa ngati monogenic.

Mosiyana ndi choyambirira, mawonekedwe achiwiri amakumbukiridwa ndi kumbuyo kwa matenda:

• matenda ashuga
• hypothyroidism
• matenda a chiwindi
• kusowa kwa estrogen (akazi),
• gout
• kunenepa
• ma gallstones.

Dyslipidemia yachiwiri imatha kupangitsanso mankhwala ena:

• mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• mankhwala osokoneza.

Njira yachiwiri ya dyslipidemia imavomerezeka panthawi yapakati. Pambuyo pobadwa, mafuta kagayidwe amabwerera kwabwinobwino.

Ndizosatheka kugonjetseratu njira yoyamba ya matenda, chifukwa majini osalongosoka sangasinthidwe ndi mankhwala amakono. Munthu amatha kuchotsa dyslipidemia yachiwiri kokha mwa kutenga matenda oyambitsidwa. Koma mawonekedwe a alimentary ndiosavuta kuchiza. Mavuto oterewa amayamba chifukwa cha kudya kwambiri mafuta m'thupi mwa chakudya ndi chakudya. Ngati mumasintha zakudya, mawonekedwe a lipid amakhala osinthika, ndipo chithandizo chamankhwala sichofunikira.

Gulu la Fredrickson

Muzochita zamankhwala, mitundu ya dyslipidemia imasiyanitsidwa, kutengera zomwe zigawo za lipid m'magazi zimapezeka. Malinga ndi mfundo iyi, gulu malinga ndi Frederickson limapangidwa. Malinga ndi izi, pali magulu asanu.

Mtundu 1 dyslipidemia ndi cholowa. Amalumikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwambiri kwa ma chylomicrons m'magazi, koma sikuwonedwe ngati atherogenic.

Dyslipidemia 2a, mosiyana ndi yoyamba, imakhala yowopsa komanso yamphamvu kwambiri. Poterepa, LDL ili ndi plasma yambiri. Ngati, kuwonjezera, zomwe zili mu VLDLP ndi / kapena triglycerides ziwonjezereka, mtundu wa 2b akuti uli.

Chiwopsezo chachikulu kwambiri cha atherosulinosis ndi dyslipidemia 3. Pankhaniyi, kuchuluka kwa VLDL kumawonjezeka. Zigawo zomwezi zimadziunjikira mumtundu wa 4 wa dyslipidemia, koma mosiyana ndi wachitatuwo, sichabadwa chokha, koma chimakwiya chifukwa cha mkati. Mtundu wachisanu wachisokonezo umatsimikizika mwamaumbidwe ndipo umadziwonetsa ngati kuphatikiza kwakukulu kwa VLDL, triglycerides ndi chylomicrons.

Dyslipidemia mtundu wa 2a ndi onse omwe amatsatira amatsogolera ku atherosulinosis. Izi sizinganyalanyazidwe!

Kukula kwa atherogenic dyslipidemia

Atherogenic dyslipidemia idalembedwa ngati ndalama pakati pa LDL ndi HDL yasokonekera, ndiye kuti, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol "yoyipa" kumawonjezeka ndipo "zabwino" zimachepa. Kuchulukitsa, izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa index ya atherogenic kumayunitsi atatu kapena kupitilira apo.

Zowonjezera zomwe zili pachiwopsezo ndi mawonekedwe a moyo:

• kusowa kwa masewera olimbitsa thupi
• kumwa pafupipafupi mowa
• kusuta
• kupsinjika
• kukonda zakudya zachangu.

Mfundo zonsezi zitha kuyambitsa kusintha kwa m'matumbo mozindikira, kapena kukulitsa njira yomwe idayamba kale. Potengera zinthu izi, amachokera ku astheno-vegetative syndrome. Imadziwoneka yokha m'mavuto amanjenje ya autonomic, yomwe imatha kusokoneza chiwalo chilichonse.

Nthawi zambiri mavuto asthenovegetative amakhala ndi matenda oopsa, matenda a shuga, atherosulinosis. Ndipo munthawi ngati izi ndizovuta kumvetsetsa chomwe chidayambitsa.

Dyslipidemia mwa ana

Lipid metabolic matenda amalembedwa osati mwa akulu okha. Amakhudza ana ndi achinyamata. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi dyslipidemia pulayimale, ndiko kuti, cholowa. Mwa 42% ya milandu, mawonekedwe a 2b amapezeka. Nthawi yomweyo, pofika zaka zisanu, mwana amakhala ndi xanthomas, zizindikiro za kuwonongeka kwa mtima ndi zovuta zamasamba.

Second dyslipidemia mu ana nthawi zambiri amawona mu pathologies am'mimba thirakiti. Matenda a duodenum ndi m'mimba, chiwindi ndi kapamba zimatha kusokoneza bwino ma lipids m'thupi laana. Kutsika kwa mapangidwe a bile acid mwachilengedwe kumayendera limodzi ndi kuwonjezeka kwa ndende ya LDL.

Kuphatikiza apo, dyslipidemia imawonedwa nthawi zonse mu kunenepa kwambiri, matenda ashuga. Pali mitundu yokhudzana ndi chakudya. Zakudya zopanda pake zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zakudya zizikhala mwachangu, maswiti, ma muffin, zakudya zamafuta ndi ana okazidwa m'zakudya za ana, makamaka ngati mwana sachita nawo masewera, amakonda kukhala pamaso pa TV kapena kuthera nthawi yayitali pakompyuta, ndi njira yachidule yolemetsa.

Ngati dyslipidemia apezeka mwa akulu kapena mwana, chithandizo sichingakhale mankhwala. Njira zamankhwala zochizira zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kunyalanyaza njirayi, kupezeka kwake komanso kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwa atherosulinotic, pathologies. Njira zochepetsera cholesterol yoyipa m'magazi zitha kukhala motere:

• kusintha kwa moyo
• chakudya
• mankhwala
• extracorporeal mankhwala.

Njira yopanda mankhwala

Zosintha zazing'ono mu mbiri ya lipid, monga lamulo, safuna mankhwala. Kupirira nawo amathandizanso kusintha kwa kadyedwe komanso kakhalidwe. Ndi cholesterol yayikulu, muyenera kusiya izi:

• chakudya chofulumira
• masoseji, ma boti, zinthu zomalizidwa,
• nyama yamafuta
• mafuta apamwamba ndi mkaka,
• chakudya cham'madzi mofulumira (confectionery sitolo),
• mowa

Zakudya zonse zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta a nyama ndizoletsedwa, koma mafuta amminda ndi nsomba zam'madzi ndizololedwa, kupatula shrimp. Zakudya zam'nyanja ndizambiri zamafuta omega opanda mafuta omwe amatha kuchepetsa cholesterol "yoyipa". Mafuta ophikira omwe amapezeka mumtedza ndi mbewu za fulakesi ali ndi katundu yemweyo. Zogulitsa izi zimatha kudyedwa mopanda mantha - sizikweza cholesterol.

Kuphatikiza apo, ndi dyslipidemia, ndikofunikira kuti muphatikize masamba abwino kapena ophika, ophika, ophika masamba muzakudya. Mothandizika umagwira mafuta a cholesterol omwe amakhala mu chinangwa. Gwero labwino la mapuloteni ndi nsomba ndi nyama zopanda mafuta:

Komabe, simuyenera kudzipatsa malire pakudya nokha. Ndikofunikira kuyang'ananso moyo, kusiya chikumbumtima (kusuta), mowa, zoseweretsa. Ngati ndinu wonenepa kwambiri, muyenera kuthana nawo. Ndi cholowa cholandila ndi chachiwiri, dyslipidemia, zolimbitsa zolimbitsa thupi ndizofunikira, ndikofunikira kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse, koma osafinya thupi. Pulogalamu yowonongeka ya majini imatha kuyambitsidwa chifukwa chosagwirizana ndi boma la ntchito ndikupuma, kukulitsa nkhawa zamavuto, kupsinjika kwakanthawi. Ndikofunika kulabadira izi.

Njira zamankhwala achikhalidwe

Ngati njira yosagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa sikokwanira - wodwala wawonjezera cholesterol "yoyipa" kwambiri, atherosulinosis imayamba, pali zizindikiro zooneka za hypercholesterolemia - simungathe kuchita popanda mankhwala. Pachifukwa ichi, mankhwala a magulu otsatirawa nthawi zambiri amalembedwa:

• ma statins
• mafupa
• otsatizana a bile acid,
• cholesterol mayamwidwe zoletsa,
• omega-3 PUFAs (mafuta ochulukirapo a polyunsaturated acids),
• nicotinic acid.

Zomwe zimasankhidwa kwambiri ndi ma statins komanso sequestrants za bile acid. Zomwe zimawonjezera kusokonezeka kwa lipid, zimalepheretsa kaphatikizidwe kake m'chiwindi, komanso, kukonza malo amkati (intima) yamitsempha yamagazi ndikupereka anti-yotupa. Zothandiza kwambiri ndi atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, simvastatin, lovastatin.

Ngati mankhwala a gulu loyamba sayambitsa kuchepa kwa cholesterol “yoyipa,” omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi bile acid amawonjezeredwa. Mankhwala oterewa ndi othandiza kwambiri, koma amapereka zotsatira zoyipa. Zotsatira za bile acid sizimakhudza mwachangu mafuta kagayidwe ndi mafuta a cholesterol. Iwo bile bile acid mu lumen wa m'matumbo ndikuwachotsa kwambiri. Chiwindi poyankha izi amayamba kupanga ndulu yatsopano, yomwe imadya cholesterol. Kotero mulingo wa lipid uyu umatsikira. Izi zotsekemera za bile acid zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:

Ngati mulingo wa triglycerides m'mwazi ndi wapamwamba, ma fibrate ndi omwe amapatsidwa. Mankhwalawa amalimbikitsa milingo ya HDL, yomwe imakhala ndi antiatherogenic. Gululi limaphatikizapo clofibrate, cyclofibrate, fenofibrate.

Chepetsa bwino cholesterol "yoyipa" ndi omega-3 PUFA, komanso nicotinic acid (niacin) ndi mavitamini ena a B. Mafuta a nsomba amakhala ndi ma omega acid osaphatikizika. Mutha kuwapeza ambiri podya nsomba zam'madzi.

Mankhwala ena osankhidwa a dyslipidemia ndi mayamwidwe a cholesterol. Amakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa, chifukwa sizikhudza kapangidwe ka cholesterol m'thupi, koma amangomanga ndikuchotsa mafuta mu chakudya. Yemwe wavomerezedwayo ndi Ezithimibe.

Komabe, si mankhwala onse omwe ali m'magulu omwe ali pamwambawa omwe amathandizira, ndipo odwala ena (ana, amayi oyembekezera) amakhala otsutsana kwathunthu. Kenako mankhwala a extracorporeal amafunikira kuti athane ndi dyslipidemia. Chitani izi mwanjira zotsatirazi:

• Magazi a UFO
• hemosorption
• kachikachiyama,
• plasmapheresis
• kuphatikiza.

Njira zonsezi ndi zovuta. Zikutanthauza "kukonza" magazi kunja kwa thupi la wodwalayo, kuti azisefa, kuwononga kapena kumangiriza ndikuchotsa cholesterol ndi tizigawo tina ta lipid.

Mulimonse momwe mawonekedwe a dyslipidemia, nthawi zonse ndikofunikira kukumbukira za kupewa. Ithandizira kupewa kapena kuchedwetsa ndikuchepetsa mayendedwe azinthu zodabwitsazi. Ndikofunikira kupanga zakudya moyenera, kupewa zizolowezi zoipa ndi kupsinjika, musaiwale za maphunziro akuthupi.

Zakudya zopanda pake komanso zolimbitsa thupi

Awa ndi mbali ziwiri za ndalama imodzi.

Zowonjezera: Odwala alibe nthawi yokwanira kudya komanso kuphika, kuphika. Zakudya zamphaka, chakudya chofulumira, zakudya zosavuta ndi zinthu zina zopanda pake za "mafakitale" amakono omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe sangagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chakudya.

Chifukwa chake kudya kwambiri mafuta m'thupi. Kuphatikiza apo, zakudya zopatsa thanzi ndizochepa kwambiri ndi lipids yambiri. Chifukwa chake kumangokhala ndi njala, kufunika kobwereza zakudya.

Chozungulira chikutseka. Kuchuluka kwa mafuta kumathandizira pakupanga mphamvu. Koma palibe poti angayikepo, makamaka ndi kukhalabe wosakhazikika.

Chifukwa chake kufalikira kochuluka m'magazi, ndikusungira mu mawonekedwe.

Kuphwanya mphamvu ya mafuta mu thupi

Yachiwiri yofunika. Amawonetsedwa ndi kusayenda bwino kwa mapuloteni onyamula omwe amayendetsa lipids mthupi komanso mavuto ndi kusungidwa (mawonekedwe).

Zinthu zonyamulirazi zimakhala zosalimba, zophatikiza mosavuta ndikuwonongeka, kusiya cholesterol kumbuyo.

Ngakhale ndi kayendedwe koyenera ka mankhwala, motsutsana ndi maziko a kuyamwa, pali zovuta ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zonse.

Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitengera cholowa, koma kupezeka kwake ndizotheka. Nthawi zambiri, mavuto oterewa amapita kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, kusalinganika kwa mahomoni.

Njira zonsezi zimagwira bwino ngati maziko.

Kenako, njirayi imayenda m'njira imodzi.

Mafuta ochulukirapo amayenderera m'magazi. Lipids imakhazikika pamakoma a mitsempha. Sinthani ndi kupanga mawonekedwe onse. Otchedwa zolembera. Osati cholesterol nthawi zonse. Pali mitundu ingapo yamafuta ophatikizira amafuta.

Kupitilira apo, magazi abwinobwino amayenda osokonezeka, ziwalo zimadwala chifukwa chosowa mpweya komanso michere. Chifukwa chake mavuto ndi ntchito ya ubongo, mtima, komanso kuchuluka kwa magazi.

Kuwopsa kwa mikhalidwe yoopsa, kuphatikiza kugunda kwa mtima ndi sitiroko, kukukula kwambiri.

Kudziwa zamakina ndikofunikira kuti timvetsetse momwe chitukuko chikuyendera. Popanda izi, palibe chithandizo chabwino.

Mitundu ya Dyslepidemia

Titha kusiyanitsa mitundu ya dyslipidemia, potengera njira zitatu. Ndikofunika kuyambira ndi matenda kukhala chinthu.

• Fomu yoyamba. Zimakhala chifukwa cha cholowa chovuta. Ndiponso, ngakhale pali achibale omwe ali ndi vuto lotere, mwa kupewa koyenera, ndikotheka kupewa kubwereza zomwe sizinachitike.
• Fomu yachiwiri.limakula ngati lopezedwa, mosazungulira kwa zinthu zabwinobwino, osati zokulirapo kuposa zomwe ena amakonda. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha matenda ashuga, hypothyroidism (mavuto ndi chithokomiro cha chithokomiro). Kupewa kumayika mfundo mu nkhaniyi, ngakhale kuli kovuta kumvetsetsa chomwe chakhala chifukwa chachikulu. Zosokoneza zambiri zikugwira ntchito.

Chotsatira chamgulu lachiwiri ndi kutalika kwa chikhalidwe ndi matendawa:

• Kuwona kwakanthawi kapena kwakanthawi. Pamodzi ndi mavuto kwakanthawi. Pambuyo pakutha kwa kuchuluka kwamafuta, chilichonse chimatha palokha. Popanda chithandizo chamankhwala.
• Mtundu wanthawi zonse. Zovuta kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri amagwirizanitsidwa ndi njira ya pathological process. Imafunika chithandizo, kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mankhwala.

Pomaliza

Dyslipidemia ndimatenda a metabolic. Makamaka, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mafuta metabolism imavutika.

Zambiri mwa zopatukazo zimayambitsa matenda a atherosulinosis, ndipo kudzera mwa izo mosazungulira kumayendedwe a mtima, mitsempha yamagazi, ubongo, ndi ziwalo zina.

Milandu yomwe idakhazikitsidwa imawopseza kulumala kapena kufa. Chifukwa chake, musanyalanyaze upangiri wokhazikika wa kupewa.

Osachepera kamodzi pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi muyenera kukaonana ndi akatswiri, kukayezetsa magazi ndi kufufuza zamankhwala osiyanasiyana.

• European Society of Cardiology (EOK) ndi gulu la European Society of Atherosulinosis (EOA) pagulu lazogwiritsa ntchito matenda ndi matenda a dyslipidemia. Malangizo azachipatala.
• M.V. Ezhov (Moscow), I.V. Sergienko (Moscow), D.M. Aronov (Moscow), G.G. Arabidze
  (Moscow), N.M. Akhmedzhanov (Moscow), S.S. Bazhan (Novosibirsk). Kuzindikira ndi kukonza matenda a lipid metabolism kuti mupewe komanso kuchiza matenda a atherosulinosis. Malangizo aku Russia akuwunikanso VI.
• ZOLEMEDWA ZA EUROPEAN SOCIETY YA CARDIOLOGISTS NDI EUROPEAN SOCIETY YA ATHEROSCLEROSIS YOPHUNZITSIRA DYSLIPIDEMIA. Rational Pharmacotherapy mu Cardiology 2012, kugwiritsa ntchito No. 1.