Zomwe shuga imapatsidwa ndi insulin ndipo muyenera kuchita mantha

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Madzi a insulin omwe amapangidwa ndi kapamba amafunika kuti azikhala ndi glucose homeostasis, kuwongolera chakudya komanso mapuloteni a metabolism, komanso mphamvu ya metabolism. Hormon iyi ikakhala yokwanira, matenda a hyperglycemia amakula, nthawi zambiri amawonetsa matenda osokoneza bongo, kenako insulin ya shuga.

Matenda a shuga a insulin

Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani amapaka jakisoni wa shuga? Ntchito yomwe mankhwala a insulin amathandizira amasintha ndikupereka thupi ndi mahomoni awa, chifukwa ma pancreatic β-cell a mtundu 1 shuga samakwaniritsa ntchito yawo yachinsinsi ndipo samapanga insulin. Endocrinologists amatenga jakisoni wokhazikika wa insulin mwa mtundu uwu wa matenda a shuga a insulin m'malo mwake pofuna kuthana ndi hyperglycemia - kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Ndipo zizindikiritso zazikuluzomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera insulin ndizotsatira zamatenda a shuga. Kodi ndingakane insulin pa matenda ashuga? Ayi, ndikofunikira jekeseni wa insulin mu mtundu woyamba wa shuga, popeza pakalibe ma endo native hormone njira yokhayo yolamulira kuchuluka kwa shuga wamagazi ndikupewa zotsatira zoyipa za kuchuluka kwake. Pankhaniyi, mankhwala a insulin, kutanthauza kukonzekera kwa insulin, amakhudzanso mphamvu ya insulin yopangidwa ndi kapamba. Ndi chifukwa chaichi kuti kusuta kwa insulin mu shuga sikumayamba.

Kodi ma insulin amalembedwa liti kuti matenda ashuga asagwirizane ndi mahomoni awa? Insulin yokhala ndi matenda a shuga a 2 - pakufunika insulin yambiri chifukwa cha kukana kwa zinthu zina zomwe zimalowa mumagazi ndikusokonekera kwa kagayidwe kazakudya - umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma cell a pancreatic β-cell sangakwaniritse izi. Kuphatikiza apo, kusayenda bwino kwa β-cell kwa odwala ambiri onenepa kumayambitsa matenda a hyperglycemia, ngakhale kuti amamwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga. Ndipo kusinthira ku insulin mu mtundu 2 wa shuga kumatha kubwezeretsanso kuwongolera kwa glycemic ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha zovuta zomwe zimakhudzana ndi matenda ashuga omwe akupita patsogolo (kuphatikizapo matenda a shuga).

Kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu magazini yotchedwa The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology mu 2013 adawonetsa kugwira ntchito kwakanthawi kochepa ka insulin mankhwala mu 59-65% ya odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2.

Komanso, jakisoni wa insulin wamtunduwu wa shuga amatha kutumikiridwa kwakanthawi kochepa chifukwa cha kulowererapo kwa opaleshoni, matenda opatsirana opatsirana kapena zochitika pachimake komanso zadzidzidzi (makamaka chifukwa cha matenda a stroke

Insulin imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu shuga ya amayi apakati (omwe amatchedwa gestationalabetes mellitus) - ngati mungathe kusintha kagayidwe kazakudya ndi kupewera kwa hyperglycemia ndi zakudya.Koma pa mimba, siokonzekera zonse za insulin zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito (koma insulin yaumunthu yokha): endocrinologist iyenera kusankha njira yolondola - poganizira zotsutsana ndi mankhwala komanso kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ena.

Nkhani ya m'modzi wa owerenga athu, Inga Eremina:

Kulemera kwanga kunali kovutitsa, ndimalemera ngati 3 sumo wrestler ophatikizidwa, omwe ndi 92kg.

Momwe mungachotsere kulemera kwathunthu? Kodi mungathane ndi kusintha kwa mahomoni ndi kunenepa kwambiri? Koma palibe chomwe chimasokoneza kapena chinyamata kwa munthu monga kuchuluka kwake.

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Ndipo kupeza nthawi yonseyi? Inde komanso okwera mtengo kwambiri. Makamaka tsopano. Chifukwa chake, ndekha, ndidasankha njira ina.

Pancreas wathanzi imagwira ntchito mosatulutsa, ndikupanga kuchuluka kwa insulin. Glucose yemwe amalandila ndi chakudya amawonongeka m'mimba ndipo amalowa m'magazi. Kenako, kulowa m'maselo, kumawapatsa mphamvu. Kuti ntchitoyi ipitirire popanda kusokonekera, kumasulidwa mokwanira kwa insulini ndi minyewa yoteteza kuzinthu za protein kulowa. Ngati mphamvu ya zolandilira imasokonekera ndipo palibe chokwanira, ndiye kuti glucose sangalowe mu cell. Vutoli limawonedwa mwa matenda ashuga a 2.

Odwala ali ndi chidwi ndi zomwe zizindikiro ziyenera kuyamba insulin. Pafupifupi 6 mmol / L m'magazi akuwonetsa kuti zakudya zimayenera kusintha. Ngati zizindikirozo zikufika 9, ndiye kuti muyenera kuyang'ana thupi kuti mupeze kuwonongeka kwa glucose - werengani chomwe ndikuphwanya kulekerera kwa shuga.

Mawuwa akutanthauza kuti njira zosasinthika zimayamba zomwe zimawononga ma cell a beta. Othandizira a glycosylating amalowerera kupanga mahomoni ndipo amayamba kudzipanga payekha. Ngati kukayikira kwa katswiriyu kwatsimikiziridwa, njira zingapo zochizira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kutalika kwa njira zakuchiritsira kudzatenga nthawi yayitali kutengera kutsatira kwa malamulo kwa odwala komanso kuthandizidwa ndi dokotala.

Nthawi zina, kufupikitsika kwa mankhwalawa ndikokwanira kubwezeretsa kapangidwe ka insulin. Koma nthawi zambiri amayenera kuperekedwa tsiku lililonse.

Wodwalayo ayenera kuganizira kuti ngati pali chizindikiro cha insulin, kukana chithandizo ndi ngozi kwa thanzi komanso moyo. Thupi lomwe limazindikira kuti ali ndi matenda ashuga limawonongedwa msanga. Pankhaniyi, kubwerera kumapiritsi ndikotheka pambuyo panjira ya chithandizo (maselo amoyo a beta akadakhalabe m'thupi).

Insulin imayendetsedwa pamlingo wokhazikika komanso mlingo. Tekinolo zamakono zamankhwala zimapangitsa njira yopangira mankhwala osokoneza bongo kukhala yopweteka. Pali ma syringe osavuta, zolembera ndi ma syringe ndi singano zing'onozing'ono, chifukwa chake munthu amatha kupanga jakisoni ndi chitonthozo chachikulu.

Pakaperekedwa insulin, akatswiri ayenera kuwonetsa malo omwe thupi limatsatiridwa bwino: m'mimba, m'miyendo ndi m'munsi, mabatani. M'magawo amtunduwu, wodwalayo amatha kupereka jakisoni popanda thandizo lakunja - momwe angabayire insulin.

Zofunika! Ngati glycemia idalembedwa panthawi yopereka magazi, ndipo zisonyezozo zidapitilira 7 mmol / l mukamamwa mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga komanso kutsatira kwambiri zakudya, ndiye katswiriyo amakuyambitsa kufalitsa kwa ma horoni opanga ma cell kuti thupi lizigwira bwino ntchito.

Doctor of Medical Science, Mutu wa Institute of Diabetesology - Tatyana Yakovleva

Ndakhala ndikuphunzira matenda a shuga kwa zaka zambiri.Zimakhala zowopsa anthu ambiri akamwalira, ndipo makamaka amakhala olumala chifukwa cha matenda ashuga.

Ndithamangira kunena mbiri yabwino - Endocrinological Research Center ya Russia Academy of Medical Science idatha kupanga mankhwala omwe amachiritsiratu matenda ashuga. Pakadali pano, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa mankhwalawa kuyandikira 98%.

Nkhani ina yabwino: Unduna wa Zaumoyo wateteza kukhazikitsidwa kwa pulogalamu yapadera yomwe imalipira mtengo wa mankhwalawo. Ku Russia, odwala matenda ashuga mpaka February 12 nditha kuipeza - Kwa ma ruble 147 okha!

Ndi mtundu wodwala wa shuga womwe amadalira insulin, munthu amafunikira chithandizo cha insulin mosalekeza. Koma ngakhale ndi mtundu wachiwiri, kayendetsedwe ka mahomoni amadziwika nthawi zambiri. Aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga amakumana ndi mfundo yoti chithandizo chimayamba kukhazikika podzibayira. Kuopa njirayi, mantha omwe amva kwa abwenzi, chisangalalo ndi malingaliro zimatha kusokoneza thanzi lathu. Adotolo ayenera kuthandizira wodwalayo, kumufotokozera kuti iyi ndi gawo lofunikira la chithandizo lomwe anthu mazana ambiri amapita.

Insulin yongopangidwira imakhazikitsidwa pokhapokha pazovuta za shuga, pomwe kapamba imaleka kugwira ntchito ngakhale pang'ono. Ndi chithandizo chake kuti mafuta amthupi amalowa m'maselo, ndipo popanda zinthu izi munthu sangathe kukhalapo. Maselo a beta akamwalira, ndikofunikira kubaya mankhwalawo. Pewani jakisoni sizigwira ntchito. Kupanda kutero, ndi kudziwitsidwa kwa poizoni, kugunda, kugunda kwa mtima, komanso kukha magazi kwa zotupa zitha kupezeka. Kutsatira malamulo onse a chithandizo kudzakuthandizani kukhala wathanzi labwino komanso kutalikitsa moyo wake kwazaka zambiri.

Nthawi zambiri, anthu omwe amamwa insulin amadwala chifukwa cha matenda ashuga. Samalumikizidwa ndi mankhwalawa, koma ndi zozizwitsa zamatenda, momwe mitengo ya shuga imatha kukula kwambiri. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika chifukwa chakuchepetsa kwamphamvu muyezo womwe dokotala watchulidwa, chifukwa odwala ena amakhulupirira kuti amalangizidwa kuti apange jakisoni wambiri. Zotsatira zake, odwala matenda ashuga amayang'aniridwa ndi matenda akulu:

• zilonda pamapazi, zomwe zimatsogolera ku minofu necrosis (imfa), gangrene ndi kuduladula,
• kuona kwakanthawi, khungu - matenda ashuga retinopathy,
• Kulephera kwa chiwindi ndi impso - matenda ashuga nephropathy,
• mtima pathologies, atherosulinosis, stroke, kugunda kwamtima,
• chitukuko cha oncopathologies.

Pofuna kupewa kapena kuletsa kukula kwa matenda awa, muyenera kubayira insulin m'mavoliyumu omwe atchulidwa ndi katswiri wodziwa zambiri osachita nawo pakusintha kwa mankhwalawo.

Kumayambiriro kwa kukhazikitsa mahomoni opanga, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchita jakisoni 1-2 patsiku. M'tsogolomu, mlingo umasinthidwa ndi endocrinologist:

• amaganizira kufunika kwa mankhwala usiku,
• mlingo woyambayo umakhazikitsidwa ndikusinthidwa,
• Mlingo wa insulin yam'mawa amawerengedwa. Poterepa, wodwalayo adumpha chakudya,
• pakufunika insulin yofulumira, wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kusankha asanadye chakudya chachikulu,
• Mukafuna kudziwa Mlingo, ndikofunikira kuganizira za kuchuluka kwa shuga m'masiku apitawa,
• wodwalayo akulangizidwa kuti adziwe kuti ndi nthawi yayitali bwanji asanadye ma horoni yokumba.

Jakisoni watsiku ndi tsiku nthawi zonse amabweretsa mantha achibadwa mwa anthu, zomwe zimabweretsa zochulukitsa kuopsa kwakumana ndi zovuta. Insulin ili ndi vuto limodzi. Ndi kusachita ntchito kwakuthupi, zimatsogolera ku chidzalo ndi mipando yowonjezera. Koma akatswiri akutsimikiza kuti izi zitha kuchitidwa.

Matenda a shuga amafunika kukhala moyo wakhazikika, wogwiritsa ntchito moyenera zakudya zoyenera. Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa magazi kukakhala kwabwinobwino, simuyenera kuyiwala za chizolowezi chodwala, kusokoneza kadyedwe, kugona, kupumula.

Onetsetsani kuti mwaphunzira! Kodi mukuganiza kuti kuyamwa kwa mapiritsi ndi insulini kwa nthawi yonse yokhayo ndi njira yokhayo yosungira shuga m'manja? Sichowona! Mutha kutsimikizira izi nokha ndikuyamba kuzigwiritsa ntchito. werengani zambiri >>

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwachipatala kumatha kuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga. Nthawi zambiri pamabuka mafunso ambiri okhudza momwe tiyenera kukhalira komanso momwe mungakhalire wathanzi kuti muzimva bwino. Matenda a shuga ndi matenda am'zaka zam'ma 2000, insulin imayikidwa kuti ilembe matenda ashuga 1, koma pamakhala zochitika zina zomwe zikuyeneranso mtundu 2. Izi zimachitika pomwe chizindikiritso cha glucose sichingalipiridwe ndi mankhwala oikidwa ndi zakudya. Mlingo amasankhidwa payekhapayekha ndipo umasiyana ndikusintha kwa thupi, mwachitsanzo, kutenga pakati, kusintha kapena kukulira kwa zomwe zili paliponse.

Matenda a shuga amapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito magazi a banal kuchokera ku chala kapena kuchokera mu mtsempha. Kuchuluka kwa shuga kumakhudza maselo a beta a kapamba, omwe amapanga insulin. Kulekerera malire kumachokera pa 3.2 mpaka 5.5 mmol / L; chilichonse pamwamba 9mmol / L amadziwika kuti ndi shuga. Ndi kupukusika kosalekeza kwa glucose, maselo a pancreatic amayamba kufa, ziwalo zonse ndi machitidwe zimavutika ndi izi. Ngati zinthu sizingachitike munthawi yake, zonse zitha kumapeto ngakhale kufa.

Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti kuyezetsa magazi kumachitika ndi kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Ngati zotsatira za kuwunikiridwa, zimatengedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu, ndizokwera, ndiye mukatha kudya, ziwonjezereka kangapo. Pofuna kuthana ndi matendawa, endocrinologist payokha imasankha dongosolo la chithandizo, kuti ma cell a gland atha kubwezeretsanso, ndipo thupi limagwira ntchito moyenera. Popewa kufalikira kwa glucose, muyenera kutsatira zomwe dokotala akutsimikiza ndikukhala ndi moyo wathanzi.

Shuga wamagazi wovuta amatha kutsimikiziridwa kunyumba komanso mu labotale. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuchita chinyengo pamimba yopanda kanthu. Kuphatikiza pazotsatira zomwe zapezedwa, Symbomatology ikuwonetsanso. Izi zitha kukhala kuyabwa pakhungu, ludzu losatha, ma mucous nembanemba komanso kukodza pafupipafupi. Mu shuga mellitus, chida chapadera chomwe ndi glucometer chikhala chofunikira kwambiri, chomwe muyenera kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga kangapo patsiku. Ngati zizindikirozo zidakwezedwa, ndiye kuti kuwunikiranso kumachitidwanso, patatha masiku angapo, koma kuchokera m'mitsempha, motero kuzindikira kwatsimikizika.

Kukhazikitsa insulini kumaperekedwa kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga kupitirira 9-12 mmol / L, pomwe vutoli ndilokhazikika, ndipo palibe zakudya ndi zoletsa zomwe zimathandizira pakudya. Ngati munthu ali ndi matenda ashuga, ndiye zifukwa zopangira insulin ndi izi:

• mimba
• kusowa kwa kapamba,
• mtima ndi mtima.
• Matenda ofala omwe amakula chifukwa cha matenda ashuga,
• matenda opatsirana opatsirana,
• ketoacidotic ndi hyperosmolar chikomokere.

Kusamutsa insulin ikhoza kukhala muyeso wosakhalitsa, mwachitsanzo, pakuchita opareshoni kapena matenda a virus. Pambuyo pakuwongolera, dokotala amabwereranso ku chithandizo cham'mbuyomu.

Stroke ndi chizindikiro chachindunji cha kukhazikitsa kwa mankhwala a mahomoni.

• ndi matenda a shuga 1
• ngati C-peptide yotsika kwambiri m'madzi am'magazi motsutsana ndi mayeso amkati ndi glucagon,
• ndimathamanga glycemia woposa 15 mmol / l, shuga woposa 8 mmol / l,
• ngati munthu wapezeka ndi stroko, myocardial infarction.

Dokotala wothandizapo angaganize zosamutsa wodwala kuti akamwe majakisoni osakhalitsa a insulin. Ngati kukonzekera kukuchitika pakuthana kapena kuchitidwa opaleshoni ina iliyonse, ma jakisoni adzayikidwa. Komanso, ngati matenda ashuga amatenga zaka zopitilira 10, ndikofunikira kutsitsa kapamba ndi matumbo. Ndi matenda angapo, mahomoni omwe amawononga insulin yambiri amatha kumasulidwa.Pambuyo pakuchiritsa matendawo, simuyenera kusinthira kwambiri pakukonzekera piritsi, dokotala ajambule chithunzi chochita bwino kwambiri kubwerera ku chithandizo cham'mbuyomu.

Ndi shuga wokwezeka mosalekeza, ziwalo zonse za ma cell zimawonongeka. Kusintha kwachidziwitso kumayendetsedwa komwe katundu waukulu kwambiri amakhala. Wodwalayo amakhala ndi vuto la m'mimba, kupweteka kwamkati kumamveka mu hypochondrium ndi m'mimba. Komanso musaiwale za miyendo, yomwe, yokhala ndi matenda a shuga a 2, imakumana ndi katundu chifukwa cholemera kwambiri. Kuthwa, mitsempha ya varicose imawoneka, ming'alu ndi mabala zimatha kupanga, chifukwa thupi limasowa madzi komanso khungu limakhala losauka. Kutopa, kufupika kumawonetsa mavuto a mtima. Zizindikiro zonse siziyenera kunyalanyazidwa.

Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa muzochitika ziti zomwe titha kulankhula za kukana insulini. Matenda a shuga ndi matenda osachiritsika, chotulukapo chabwino chamankhwala chomwe chingakhale njira yophatikizira kuchotsera kwa zizindikiro, ndikofunikira kutsatira zakudya komanso moyo wabwino. Zonsezi zimagwira pa matenda a shuga a mtundu 2, omwe mumakhala nthawi zomwe mungakane insulin. Ponena za mtundu woyamba, uwu ndi matenda omwe amadalira insulini, ndipo popanda kukhazikika kwa glucose m'thupi mothandizidwa ndi timadzi tambiri, njira zosasintha siziyamba. Mwa ichi, muyenera kusintha moyo, chifukwa matenda a shuga si sentensi.

Matenda a shuga ndi insulin

Glucose wopezeka muzopangidwazo, akaphwanyidwa kukhala ma mamolekyulu m'matumbo, amalowa m'magazi, kuchokera komwe amayenera kudutsa membrane wa cell kuti apatse mphamvu maselo.

Kuti ndondomeko yomaliza isasunthidwe, muyenera:

1. Madzi okwanira insulin
2. Kuzindikira kwa insulin receptors (malo olowera mu cell).

Kuti glucose alowe mu cell osasokoneza, insulini iyenera kulumikizana ndi ma receptor ake. Ndi chidziwitso chokwanira, njirayi imapangitsa kuti membala wam'mimba azipezekanso ku glucose.

Ngati mphamvu ya receptor imalephera, insulini singathe kulumikizana nawo, kapena insulini-receptor ligament simalowetsa kufunikira komwe kumafunikira. Zotsatira zake, glucose sangalowe mu cell. Vutoli limafanana ndi matenda ashuga a 2.

Zomwe zikuwonetsa shuga za insulin

Zofunika! Kubwezeretsa chidwi cha insulin receptors, mutha kudya komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. M'mikhalidwe ina yomwe dokotala yekha ndi amene angadziwe, chithandizo cha insulin (chosakhalitsa kapena chokhazikika) chikufunika. Zingwe zitha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga omwe amalowa m'maselo ngakhale atachepetsa mphamvu chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa katundu pa iwo.

Mankhwala a insulini amatha kukhala ofunikira ngati palibe kapena kuchepa kwa chithandizo cha mankhwala, zakudya komanso moyo wathanzi. Odwala akatsatira malangizo a dokotala, vuto lotere silimachitika.

Chizindikiro cha mankhwala a insulin chikhoza kukhala phindu la glycemia (chizindikiro cha shuga wamagazi) pamimba yopanda kanthu m'magazi a capillary pamwamba pa 7 mmol / L kapena kupitirira 11.1 mmol / L 2 mawola atatha kudya. Kusankhidwa komaliza, kutengera zomwe wodwala akuwonetsa, zitha kuchitidwa ndi adokotala.

Zotheka pamene jakisoni wa mankhwala amatha kuloza shuga m'magazi angayambitse chifukwa chotsatira:

1. Kubwezera kwakutali. Kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa nthawi yayitali kwa odwala ambiri kumatha kuoneka osayang'aniridwa, popeza zizindikiro zimatengedwa ngati chizindikiro cha matenda ena,

Kodi shuga ndi insulin yolembedwera chiyani mukakhala ndi pakati

Mimba mwa wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga kapena matenda a m'mimba (kulephera kukhudzana ndi insulin) angayambitse vuto lomwe limapangitsa kuti pakhale kusintha kwa zakudya komanso moyo wathanzi sizikubweretsa zotsatira zabwino. Mlingo wa shuga umakhalabe wokwera, womwe umawopseza kukula kwa zovuta mwa mwana ndi amayi.

Chizindikiro cha insulin yodwala pakatha kubereka chikuwonjezereka polyhydramnios ndi zizindikiro za fetopathy mwa mwana, zomwe zimadziwika nthawi ya ultrasound scan, yomwe imachitika nthawi zotsatirazi:

• Masabata 15 mpaka 20 - kuthetsa zovuta zazikulu zachitukuko,
• Masabata 20-23 - kufufuza mtima wa mwana wosabadwa,
• Masabata a 28-32 - kuti athe kuzindikira zopatuka zomwe zingatheke malinga ndi kukula kwa intrauterine.

Zizindikiro za hyperglycemia zikawoneka, endocrinologist imapereka kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa mayi wapakati maulendo 8 pa tsiku ndipo zotsatira zake zalembedwa. Kutengera mtundu waumoyo wanu, momwe akazi apakati angakhalire 3.3-6.6 mmol / l.

Panthawi yapakati, insulin pakati pamankhwala ochepetsa shuga ndi mankhwala okhawo ovomerezeka kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito.

Zomwe zimayikidwa pobayira jakisoni wa insulini zitha kukhala zotsatira za shuga:

• M'magazi a venous: pamwamba 5.1 mayunitsi (pamimba yopanda kanthu), pamwamba pa mayunitsi 6.7. (Maola 2 mutadya)
• M'magazi am'magazi: pamwamba 5.6 mayunitsi. (pamimba yopanda kanthu), pamwamba pa magawo 7.3. (2 maola atatha kudya).

Kuphatikiza pa kuchuluka kwa shuga, komwe kumalimbikitsidwa kuyesedwa kangapo pa 6 mpaka 12 pa sabata, amayi apakati amafunika kuwunika:

1. Kupsinjika kwa magazi
2. Kukhalapo kwa acetone mu mkodzo
3. Mlingo wa zinthu zomwe zimaperekedwa
4. Magawo a hypoglycemia.

Mimba ayenera isanafike mankhwala insulin:

• M'chipatala, pezani luso lodzisamalira komanso chidziwitso chofunikira chowunikira
• Pezani ndalama zodziletsa kapena pangani zofunikira mu labotale.

Ntchito yayikulu ya mankhwala a insulin panthawiyi ndi kupewa zovuta zomwe zingachitike. Mosasamala mtundu wa matenda, njira yoyenera yoperekera chithandizo ndikuyambitsa insulin yochepa musanadye komanso mankhwala osakhalitsa asanagone (kukhazikitsa glycemia usiku).

Kugawa tsiku ndi tsiku insulin imaganizira kufunika kwa mankhwalawa: usiku - 1/3, masana - 2/3 kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa.

Zofunika! Malinga ndi ziwerengero, panthawi yokhala ndi pakati, matenda a shuga 1 amakhala ofala kwambiri, chifukwa amakula ubwana ndi unyamata. Matenda a Type 2 amakhudza azimayi patatha zaka 30 ndipo ndiosavuta. Pankhaniyi, kuthekera kokukwaniritsa bwino zizindikiro za chakudya, zakudya zopatsa thanzi ndi kuchita zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi ndizambiri. Matenda a shuga amisala ndi osowa kwambiri.

Kodi mukufunikira shuga yanji?

Palibe phindu lililonse la shuga m'magazi omwe mankhwalawa amaperekedwa, chifukwa lingaliro limapangidwa pamaziko angapo. Dokotala wokha wa endocrinologist ndi amene angawaganizire.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mankhwala a insulin sikulephera kuzindikirika ndi 12 mmol / L pambuyo osagwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi kapena kudya mosamalitsa. Popanda maphunziro owonjezera (kokha ndi shuga), insulin imalowetsedwa pazinthu zomwe zimawopseza thanzi kapena moyo wa wodwala.

Wodwala akakumana ndi chosankha (jekeseni insulin ndikupitiliza moyo wake kapena kukana ndikudikirira zovuta), aliyense akhoza kusankha payekha.

Kuopa insulini

Anthu ambiri amayesetsa kuchedwetsa tsiku loti adzakhale mwamphamvu pa singano. Zachidziwikire, mu shuga mellitus, insulini ndikofunikira kwenikweni ndipo ndizabwino kuti ndizotheka kuthandizira thupi motere.

Posakhalitsa, odwala onse omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 amakumana ndi vuto lomwe insulin imalembedwa. Izi zimathandiza osati kutalikitsa moyo, komanso kupewa zovuta zoyipa ndi zizindikiro za matendawa. Kuzindikiritsa mtundu wina kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa kuti mupeze mankhwala oopsa, chifukwa sichingachitike.

Zinthu za insulin mthupi

Poyamba, zonse zidaganiziridwa mwatsatanetsatane m'thupi. Zikondamoyo zimagwira, momwe mumakhala maselo a beta apadera. Amayang'anira ntchito yopanga insulin. Kenako, amalipira matenda ashuga.

Madokotala samazindikira msanga matenda a insulin, amayesetsa kubwezeretsa thanzi m'njira zinanso.Mankhwala osiyanasiyana amatchulidwa, kusintha kwa moyo, odwala ayenera kutsatira kwambiri zakudya. Zikakhala kuti palibe zotsatira zoyenera kapena, pakapita nthawi, njirazi zimasiya kugwira ntchito, ndiye kuti insulin ndiyofunikira kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Zikondazo zimatha njira zachilengedwe chaka chilichonse ndipo ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa zizindikirazo kuti mudziwe nthawi yoyenera kusinthira insulini.

Chifukwa chiyani insulin imayamba kuyamwa

Pancreas wathanzi imagwira ntchito mosavomerezeka ndipo imatha kupanga insulin yokwanira. Komabe, pakapita nthawi, zimakhala zochepa kwambiri. Pali zifukwa zingapo izi:

• Shuga wambiri. Apa tikunena za kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwaoposa 9 mmol l,
• zolakwa zamankhwala, izi zitha kukhala mitundu yayikulu
• Mankhwala ambiri omwe amamwa.

Kuchulukana kwa glucose m'magazi kumakakamizidwa kufunsa funso kuti ngati ali ndi matenda ashuga, amapaka jakisoni, matenda ena amafunika jakisoni. Mwachilengedwe, ichi ndi insulin, yomwe ikusowa mu mawonekedwe a kapamba omwe amapangidwa, komabe, mlingo wa mankhwalawa komanso pafupipafupi pakukhazikitsa amatsimikiza ndi dokotala.

Kukula kwa matenda ashuga

Choyamba, muyenera kulabadira shuga yamagazi yambiri. Kale chizindikiritso choposa 6 mmol / l m'magazi chikusonyeza kuti ndikofunikira kusintha zakudya. Mofananamo, ngati chizindikirocho chikufika ndi zisanu ndi zinayi, ndikofunikira kulabadira kawopsedwe. Mlingo wofanana ndi shuga umatsala pang'ono kupha maselo a pancreatic beta a mtundu 2 shuga. Mkhalidwe uwu wa thupi umakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ichi sichiri chizindikirocho pakuwongolera mwachangu kwa insulin, nthawi zambiri, madokotala amayesera njira zingapo zoyesera. Nthawi zambiri, zakudya komanso mankhwala amakono ambiri zimathandiza kuthana ndi vutoli. Kutalika kwa insulini kumachedwa zimadalira pokhapokha pakutsatira malamulowo ndi wodwalayo komanso nzeru za dokotala aliyense.

Nthawi zina ndikofunikira kuti mupereke mankhwala kwakanthawi kuti mubwezeretse kupanga kwa insulini, nthawi zina ndizofunikira moyo.

Insulin

Pakakhala kuti palibe njira ina iliyonse, mukuyenera kuvomereza pakusankhidwa kwa madokotala. Palibe chifukwa chomwe muyenera kukanira chifukwa choopa jakisoni, chifukwa popanda iwo thupi limangopitilira kugwa mwachangu kwambiri ndi matenda a mtunduwu. Nthawi zambiri, atapatsidwa insulin, odwala amatha kuchotsa majakisoni ndikubwerera pamapiritsi, izi zimachitika ngati zingatheke kuti maselo a beta agwire ntchito m'magazi ndipo sanamwalire.

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuwona kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa jakisoni momveka bwino, izi zingakhale zochepa kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa kamodzi kokha patsiku. Zida zamakono zimakupatsani mwayi wopangira jakisoni wosabala kwambiri komanso wopanda ululu wamtunduwu. Awa si ma syringe wamba wamba okhala ndi singano yocheperako, koma ngakhale zolembera zapadera. Nthawi zambiri mokwanira, ingodzazani ndikumangoyika ndikanikizani batani kuti mankhwalawo ali m'magazi.

Ndikofunika kuyang'anira malo omwe muyenera kubaya mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Awa ndi mikono, miyendo, matako, komanso mmimba, kupatula malo ozungulira navel. Pali malo ambiri komwe kuli koyenera kuchitira jakisoni munthawi iliyonse. Izi ndizofunikira kwa odwala omwe sangakwanitse kulandira chithandizo chamanesi kapena omwe akufuna kuyima pawokha momwe angathere.

Zabodza zokhudza insulin ndi chowonadi

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga, mankhwalawa amalembedwa pafupipafupi, aliyense adzamva mawu owopsa kuchokera kwa dokotala posachedwa kuti mankhwalawa azikhala ndi jakisoni wa mankhwalawa.Wodwala aliyense pofika nthawi imeneyi wawerenga kale nkhani zowopsa, ndipo mwina wawona kuti manja ake ali ndi ziwalo zokwanira. Nthawi zambiri zimakhudzana ndi insulin m'magazi.

M'malo mwake, muyenera kukumbukira komwe insulini yotsika magazi enieniwo imaperekedwa, nthawi zambiri iyi ndi gawo lovuta kwambiri pamene maselo a pancreatic adalandira poizoni ndipo amasiya kugwira ntchito. Ndi thandizo lawo kuti glucose afikire ziwalo zamkati ndikupereka mphamvu. Popanda mapuloteni awa, thupi silingakhalepo, chifukwa ngati ma cell a beta samatulutsanso insulini, mukungofunika kuti mupeze jakisoni, palibe njira ina ndipo simuyenera kuyesa kupewa mankhwalawa. Poizoni amaperekedwa ndendende ndi chisonyezo cha shuga, osati ndi insulin, komanso, ngakhale vuto la mtima kapena sitiroko ndi zomwe zingachitike poyambira kuphedwa. Pakuwunika bwino uphungu wonse wa dokotala komanso chithandizo chamankhwala, wodwalayo amatha kukhala ndi moyo nthawi yayitali komanso amakhala ndi malingaliro abwino.

Kufunika kwa Mlingo

Pa chithandizo cha insulin cha matenda a shuga, nthawi zambiri odwala amadwala amakumana ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana. Komabe, zinthu izi zimawoneka ndendende chifukwa cha shuga, osati chifukwa cha mankhwalawo pawokha. Nthawi zambiri, anthu amangotsatira mlingo wowerengeka womwe adokotala amawauza, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti akupitilizabe kusunga shuga pamwambamwamba. Osawopa, dokotala waluso sangapereke mankhwala ochulukirapo kuti abweretse ochepa shuga.

Mavuto akulu amatha kubwera chifukwa chokana insulin kapena kuphwanya Mlingo:

• Zilonda pamapazi, zomwe pambuyo pake zimatsogolera ngakhale kuti ndikadulidwa, pali minofu necrosis, imfa imayendera limodzi ndi kupweteka kwambiri,
• khungu, shuga limakhala ngati poizoni m'maso,
• Kuchepa kwa impso kapena ngakhale kulephera kwa impso,
• kugunda kwa mtima ndi stroko.

Zonsezi ndi njira zosasinthika. Ndikofunikira kuti ndiyambe kumwa insulin munthawi yake, ndikuwonetsetsa kuchuluka kwa jakisoni ndi mlingo wake.

Mulingo wambiri wa shuga womwe umasungidwa m'magazi nthawi zonse umabweretsa kuwonongeka kwakukuru mthupi ndipo chovuta kwambiri ndikuti samasinthanso, necrosis, khungu, ndi zina zambiri.

Zotsatira za insulin

Pali zikhulupiriro zambiri zabodza kuzungulira insulin. Ambiri a iwo ndi mabodza komanso kukokomeza. Inde, jakisoni watsiku ndi tsiku amabweretsa mantha, ndipo maso ake ndi akulu. Komabe, pali choona chimodzi choona. Kwenikweni ndikuti insulin imatsogolera ku chidzalo. Zowonadi, mapuloteni awa okhala ndi moyo wongokhala amatsogolera ku kuwonjezeka, koma amatha motero.

Onetsetsani kuti muli ndi matenda otere. Pankhaniyi, kusunthaku ndi njira yabwino yopeweretsera kukwanira, komanso kuthandizanso kudzutsanso chikondi cha moyo ndikusokoneza zovuta zokhudzana ndi kuzindikira kwanu.

Ndikofunikanso kukumbukira kuti insulin siyimasungidwa chakudyacho. Ngakhale shuga atakhala wabwinobwino, nthawi zonse muyenera kukumbukira kuti mumakonda matendawa ndipo simungathe kumasuka ndikulola china chilichonse kuwonjezedwa pachakudya.

Chifukwa chiyani makonzedwe oyenera a insulin amafunikira

Ngati munthu wakana insulini, ndiye kuti maselo a ziwalo amalephera kuyamwa glucose ndikuyamba kumva njala. Izi zimakhudza kugwira ntchito kwa machitidwe onse: chiwindi, chithokomiro, impso, ndi ubongo zimayamba kuvutika.

Matenda a shuga osaphatikizika amabweretsa kupunduka, kukomoka, ndi kufa. Mu mtundu woyamba wamatenda, kapamba sangatulutse insulin, kuwonjezeranso mahomoni ena kumakhala kofunikira.

Madokotala amatha kudziwa kuyika kwa insulini pakakhala kuti palibe chindapusa cha matenda a shuga, sizotheka kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga pomwa mapiritsi, kutsatira zakudya, ndi kuwonjezera zolimbitsa thupi.

Nthawi zambiri, insulin imapangidwira mtundu wa matenda a shuga 2, osati kokha ngati malingaliro a akatswiri sakutsatiridwa, komanso ngati kufooka kwapancreatic. Sikuti aliyense amadziwa chifukwa chake izi zimachitika.

Chiwerengero cha β-cell chomwe chimakhala mu kapamba ndipo chimayang'anira kupanganso kwa insulin, chimachepetsedwa kwambiri chaka chilichonse ndi zinthu zingapo, ndipo kapamba zimayamba kuchepa.

Nthawi zambiri, chiwalochi chimatha pakatha zaka 8 chadziwika.

Ndikofunika kudziwa zingapo zomwe zimathandizira kufooka:

• Kuchulukitsa kwa anthu ambiri (kupitirira 9 mmoll)
• Kutenga mlingo waukulu wa sulfonylureas
• Maphunziro osavomerezeka a shuga.

Njira zakuchitikira ndi zotsatira za insulin

Mankhwala a insulin amachitika kuti athetse vuto la glucose ndikusintha ntchito yopanga maselo a beta okhala ndi hyperglycemia wapakati. Poyamba, kukomoka kwa maselo a beta omwe amapezeka m'matumbo ndikupanga insulin kumatha kusintha. Kupanga kwamkati kwa insulin kumabwezeretsedwanso ndi kuchepa kwa shuga m'miyezo yabwinobwino.

Kukhazikitsidwa koyambirira kwa insulini kuyesa odwala matenda ashuga a 2 ndi njira imodzi yothandizira odwala kuperewera pakudya ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi, podutsa gawo lokonzekera piritsi.

Njirayi ndiyabwino kwa odwala matenda ashuga omwe amakonda insulin, osati kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa shuga. Komanso odwala omwe amachepetsa thupi komanso omwe akuwonetsetsa kuti ali ndi matenda a autoimmune a shuga akulu.

Kutsika kwa chiwindi pakupanga shuga mu mtundu 2 wa shuga kumafunikira kuponderezedwa kwa njira ziwiri: glycogenolysis ndi gluconeogeneis. Kukhazikitsa insulin kumachepetsa hepatic glycogenolysis ndi gluconeogeneis, komanso kuonjezera mphamvu ya zotumphukira zimakhala kuti insulin. Zotsatira zake, zimatha "kukonza bwino" zida zonse za matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri.

Zotsatira zabwino za insulin mankhwala a shuga

Pali mbali zabwino za kumwa insulin, monga:

• kusala ndi pambuyo chakudya
• kuchuluka kwa mapangidwe a insulin chifukwa cha kukhudzidwa ndi shuga kapena kudya,
• shuga wocheperako,
• kupanga shuga wa chiwindi
• kuyimitsidwa kwa secretion wa glucagon mutatha kudya,
• kusintha kwa mbiri ya lipoproteins ndi lipids,
• kukakamiza kwa lipolysis mutatha kudya,
• kusintha kwa anaerobic ndi aerobic glycolysis,
• kuchepa kwa glycation wa lipoproteins ndi mapuloteni.

Chithandizo cha odwala matenda ashuga chimayang'aniridwa kuti akwaniritse komanso kusamalira kwakanthawi mozama kwa glycosylated hemoglobin, kusala shuga m'magazi ndikatha kudya. Zotsatira zake zidzakhala kuchepetsera kuthekera kwa kakulidwe ndi kupitilira kwa zovuta.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa insulini kuchokera kunja kumakhala ndi phindu pa chakudya, mapuloteni ndi metabolism yamafuta. Hormone iyi imayambitsa kutsimikizika ndikuletsa kupasuka kwa shuga, mafuta ndi amino acid. Imachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga mwakuwonjezera mayendedwe ake kupita pakati pa cell kudzera pa khoma la cell la adipocytes ndi myocyte, komanso kuletsa kwa kupanga chiwindi cha glucose (glycogenolysis ndi gluconeogenesis).

Kuphatikiza apo, insulin imayambitsa lipogenesis ndipo imalepheretsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta aulere acids mu metabolism ya mphamvu. Imalepheretsa minofu ya protein ndipo imathandizira kupanga mapuloteni.

Zomwe zimayambitsa ndi zizindikiro za matenda a shuga a 2

Endocrine matenda amapanga motsutsana ndi maziko a kagayidwe kachakudya matenda ndi kulephera kwa mahomoni. Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, kapamba amatulutsa insulin yokwanira kapena katulutsidwe ka timadzi timeneti timachepetsedwa pang'ono, koma zimakhala zake sizimalimbikitsa kukhudzika kwa mahomoni. Zotsatira za pathological ndondomeko ndi zovuta ndi mayamwidwe a shuga.

Chifukwa chosowa mphamvu, kusamala mthupi komanso njira zingapo zimasokonekera.Kuti muthane ndi zonyansa zapancreatic, muyenera kupanganso insulini yambiri kuti gawo pang'ono la mahomoni likhudze kuyamwa kwa glucose.

Katundu wambiri pamakedzedwe a insulin amakula mofulumira, makamaka chifukwa cha zakudya zopanda pake, kudya kwambiri, kumwa kawirikawiri zonunkhira, kusuta, zakudya zamafuta, ma muffin, maswiti.

Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale endocrine matenda:

• chibadwa
• kunenepa
• kuphwanya njira kagayidwe kachakudya,
• kugwira ntchito kwambiri, kuchepa chitetezo chokwanira,
• moyo wopsinjika
• kusowa tulo ndi kugona,
• kusokonezeka kwa mahomoni
• kagayidwe kachakudya matenda ndi zotupa za kapamba.

Ma antibodies okwera ku thyroglobulin: kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani komanso momwe tingachepetsere zowonetsa? Tili ndi yankho! Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito mapiritsi ndi madontho a Mastodinon pa mastopathy a mammary gland akufotokozedwa patsamba lino.

• youma mucous nembanemba
• wokhala ndi ludzu nthawi zonse
• Khungu
• kukodza pafupipafupi kuposa masiku onse,
• masomphenya osalala
• kuchiritsa kwamabala
• kusinthasintha kwakudya ndi kulemera,
• mantha kapena kupanda chidwi,
• vagidi candidiasis (mwa akazi),
• libido, kusowa kwa erectile (mwa amuna),
• kusamva
• kuchuluka kwa mavuto.

Mitundu ya insulin

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo, choyambirira, zimasiyanasiyana pakulidwe. Mpaka pano, insulin imapangidwa:

• ndi yochepa
• pafupifupi
• chokhalitsa.

Amasiyananso kuyeretsa:

• monocomponent pafupifupi wopanda extraneous inclusions,
• onenepa amakhala ndi zodetsa zazing'ono.

Zinthu zina zimapangidwa kuchokera ku zomwe zimachokera ku nyama. Koma othandiza kwambiri amawonedwa kuti ndi insulin yaumunthu. Pakadali pano, adaphunzira kuiphatikiza pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje apadera a jini. Ilinso ndi katundu wofunikira kwambiri - kuchepa kwapansi.

Insulin "Yofupikitsa" imabayidwa kale kapena musanadye chakudya. Amayamba kuchita mphindi 15 pambuyo pake. Pafupifupi, mlingo umodzi ndi wokwanira kwa maola 8. Peak magazi ndende zimawonedwa pambuyo 2 kapena 3 maola.

Mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ayenera kutumikiridwa kawiri patsiku - m'mawa komanso asanagone. Kuchepetsa shuga kumayamba pambuyo pa maola awiri. Insulin yosungidwa yotulutsa kachilomboka imaphatikizidwanso kawiri pa tsiku. Amayamba kugwira ntchito atatha maola 6.

Kusankhidwa kwa mankhwala enaake ndikofunikira kwa dokotala.

Pakadali pano, ma insulini amasiyanitsidwa ndi nthawi yowonekera kwawo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mankhwalawa amatha kutsika magazi. Musanalembe mankhwala, munthu akasankhidwa kuti atenge mlingo wa mankhwalawo.

Zochizira m'chinenedwe chachi Greek zimamveka ngati chithandizo, chisamaliro chamankhwala. Pakaliponsepa m'dzina lake tanthauzo la njirayi. Mankhwala a insulin ndi chithandizo cha insulin, ndiye kuti, ndi zovuta kwa njira zomwe cholinga chake ndikubwezerera kusalingana komwe kumayambitsa metabolic (metabolic) pobweretsa insulin m'thupi.

Chachikhalidwe kapena chophatikiza. Njira yakuchizira imaphatikizira jakisoni munthawi yomweyo m'thupi la mankhwala osiyanasiyana osakhalitsa: yayifupi, yapakati, yayitali.

• mankhwala osokoneza bongo m'thupi (mankhwalawa ndi ofanana ndi mahomoni omwe amapangidwa m'thupi la munthu),
• mankhwala osokoneza bongo othamanga
• Mankhwala Pakati
• mankhwala omwe akhala akuchita kwa nthawi yayitali.

Mpaka 1978, njira yokhayo yodziwira odwala matenda ashuga anali bovine ndi nkhumba, koma pambuyo pa kubadwa kwa majini, asayansi mu 1982 anakhazikitsa kupanga kwa ma hormone okula kwa munthu, pambuyo pake zinthu zomwe zidachokera ku nyama sizigwiritsidwanso ntchito.

Insulin yabwino kwambiri yamatenda a shuga a 2, omwe amapangidwa m'zaka zaposachedwa - monovidny amatsukidwa kwambiri. Chida chotere chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngakhale ngati mankhwalawo sagwiridwa bwino ndi thupi, timalimbikitsidwanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kwa mwana.

Pofika nthawi ya zochita, ma insulini onse amatha kugawidwa m'magulu otsatirawa:

• kopitilira muyeso kochepa
• zochita zazifupi
• zochita zapakati
• kuchitapo kanthu kwanthawi yayitali.

Ultrashort insulin imayamba kuchita mphindi 10-15 pambuyo pa kubayidwa. Zotsatira zake m'thupi zimatha kwa maola 4-5.

Mankhwala ochita kupanga mwachidule amayamba kuchita pafupifupi theka la ola pambuyo pobayira. Kutalika kwa kukopa kwawo ndi maola 5-6. Ultrashort insulin imatha kutumikiridwa nthawi isanayambe kapena itangotha ​​chakudya. Insulin yochepa imalimbikitsidwa kuti iperekedwe pokhapokha chakudya, chifukwa samayamba kuchita mwachangu kwambiri.

Insulin yochita pakati, pakudya, imayamba kuchepetsa shuga pokhapokha maola awiri, ndipo nthawi yodziwika bwino imafika maola 16.

Mankhwala osakhalitsa (owonjezeredwa) amayamba kukhudza kagayidwe kazakudya pambuyo pa maola 10-12 ndipo samachotsedwa m'thupi kwa maola 24 kapena kupitilira.

Mankhwala onsewa ali ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Ena mwa iwo amaperekedwa nthawi yomweyo musanadye chakudya kuti muchepetse postprandial hyperglycemia (kuchuluka kwa shuga mutatha kudya).

Insulin zapakatikati ndi zazitali zimaperekedwa kuti zitha kukhalabe ndi shuga masana mosalekeza tsiku lonse. Mlingo ndi makonzedwe a makonzedwe amasankhidwa payekhapayekha kwa aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga, kutengera zaka zake, kulemera kwake, machitidwe a matenda ashuga komanso kupezeka kwa matenda opatsirana.

Pali pulogalamu ya boma yotumiza insulin kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, omwe amapereka kwaulere mankhwalawa kwa onse omwe akufunika.

Zolemba mu shuga kwa ana

Gawoli ndiloyenera kuyambira ndi chochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, insulin idaperekedwa kwa anthu pa Januware 11, 1922. Anali mwana - mwana wazaka 14. Jakisoni adapangidwa ndi wasayansi waku Canada Frederick Bunting.

Koma pancake yoyamba, monga momwe amayembekezera muzochitika zoterezi, zidakhala bwino. Chifukwa chakuti mankhwalawa sanatsukidwe mokwanira, zomwe zimachitika koyambirira zimadziwika ndi kulephera - mwana adayamba kudwala.

Kwa masabata awiri, katswiri wazamankhwala James Collip wakhala akupanga njira yoyeretsera mankhwalawa. Zitatha izi, pa Januware 23, jakisoni wachiwiri adaperekedwa kwa mwana wodwala - zotsatira zake zinali zabwino. Sikuti mwana adalibe zotsatira zoyipa zilizonse - matendawo omwe adachepa, panali kuwongolera kowonekera bwino pakupanga shuga.

Chifukwa cha zomwe anapeza, wasayansiyo ndi mnzake adalandira Mphoto ya Nobel.

Kuyambira pamenepo, mankhwalawa adayamba kuthandiza osati ana okha, koma, zoona, achikulire.

Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti chithandizo choterechi chili ndi mbali zingapo zaunyamata, ndikofunikanso kusiyanitsa magawo amtundu wa odwala ochepa.

Chimodzi mwazinthu izi ndi kuphatikiza kwa mankhwalawa omwe amakhala ndi nthawi yosiyanasiyana yogwira ntchito. Izi ndizofunikira kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa njira za tsiku ndi tsiku.

Nthawi yomweyo, kusankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zida zochizira mwana yemwe ali ndi matenda a "shuga", mankhwalawa amakonda 2 ndi 3-3-kukhazikitsa mahomoni masana.

Kuphatikiza apo, zinaonedwa kuti mankhwala owonjezera a insulin ndi othandiza kwambiri ngati amaperekedwa kwa ana azaka zopitilira 12.

Choyamba, pezani momwe mungapangire insulin kuti mupeze molondola Mlingo wotsika woyenera kwa ana. Makolo a ana odwala matenda ashuga sangathe kupatsa insulin.

Akuluakulu ambiri owonda omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu 1 amayeneranso kuwononga insulin yawo asanalowe. Izi zikuwonongerani nthawi, komabe zili bwino.

Chifukwa kuchepetsa madontho omwe amafunikira, ndiye kuti amachita mopatsa chidwi komanso moyenera.

Makolo ambiri a ana odwala matenda ashuga amayembekeza chozizwitsa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito pampu ya insulin m'malo mwa ma syringe okhawo ndi zolembera. Komabe, kusinthira pampu ya insulini ndi okwera mtengo ndipo sikungathandize kuti matenda azitha.Zipangizozi zimakhala ndi zovuta zina, zomwe zikufotokozedwa mu kanema.

Zovuta za mapampu a insulin zimaposa zabwino zawo. Chifukwa chake, Dr. Bernstein amalimbikitsa kubaya insulin mwa ana ndi ma syringes achizolowezi. The subcutaneous management algorithm ndi chimodzimodzi kwa akulu.

Kodi mwana ayenera kupatsidwa mpata wodziwa kubayira insulin ali ndi zaka zingati? Makolo amafunika njira yosinthira kuti athetse nkhaniyi. Mwina mwana angafune kuwonetsa kudziyimira pawokha pobayira jakisoni ndikuwerengera mulingo woyenera wa mankhwala.

Ndi bwino kuti tisamusokoneze pamenepa, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu mosazungulira. Ana ena amasamalira chisamaliro cha makolo ndi chisamaliro.

Ngakhale ali ndi zaka 13, safuna kuti azilamulira pawokha.

Hormone chithandizo mwa amayi apakati

Hormone chithandizo kwa amayi apakati omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ali ndi zolinga ziwiri zofanana:

• kutsika kwa shuga m'magazi mpaka pamachitidwe ake,
• kupulumutsa moyo wa mwana wosabadwa.

Mchitidwewu mu amayi apakati umakhala wovuta kwambiri: zochitika zathupi zomwe zimachitika panthawiyi mthupi la mkazi ndizosakhazikika.

Nthawi iliyonse izi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa popereka chithandizo chamankhwala chimodzi, komanso mlingo wa mankhwalawa.

Endocrinologists amalimbikitsa kuti, pamimba yopanda kanthu, shuga m'magazi amtsogolo omwe ali pantchito sayenera kupitirira 3.3-5.6 mmol / L, ndipo atatha kudya, mtengo wake uyenera kukhala wambiri kuyambira 5.6 mpaka 7.2 mmol / L.

Njira yovomerezeka tsiku ndi tsiku ndi ma jakisoni awiri. Pankhaniyi, mankhwala osokoneza bongo osakhalitsa angathe kuperekedwa nthawi yomweyo.

Monga lamulo, asanadye chakudya cham'mawa, mayi woyembekezerayo wavulala jakisoni wa 2/3 wa tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo asanadye chakudya chamadzulo, 1/3 ya mahomoni ena.

Nthawi zina madokotala amatipatsa jakisoni asanagone, m'malo mwa njira yamadzulo. Izi ndikuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa shuga m'magazi m'mawa.

Mimba mwa wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga kapena matenda a m'mimba (kulephera kukhudzana ndi insulin) angayambitse vuto lomwe limapangitsa kuti pakhale kusintha kwa zakudya komanso moyo wathanzi sizikubweretsa zotsatira zabwino. Mlingo wa shuga umakhalabe wokwera, womwe umawopseza kukula kwa zovuta mwa mwana ndi amayi.

Zizindikiro za hyperglycemia zikawoneka, endocrinologist imapereka kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa mayi wapakati maulendo 8 pa tsiku ndipo zotsatira zake zalembedwa. Kutengera mtundu waumoyo wanu, momwe akazi apakati angakhalire 3.3-6.6 mmol / l.

Panthawi yapakati, insulin pakati pamankhwala ochepetsa shuga ndi mankhwala okhawo ovomerezeka kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito.

Zomwe zimayikidwa pobayira jakisoni wa insulini zitha kukhala zotsatira za shuga:

• M'magazi a venous: pamwamba 5.1 mayunitsi (pamimba yopanda kanthu), pamwamba pa mayunitsi 6.7. (Maola 2 mutadya)
• M'magazi am'magazi: pamwamba 5.6 mayunitsi. (pamimba yopanda kanthu), pamwamba pa magawo 7.3. (2 maola atatha kudya).

Kuphatikiza pa kuchuluka kwa shuga, komwe kumalimbikitsidwa kuyesedwa kangapo pa 6 mpaka 12 pa sabata, amayi apakati amafunika kuwunika:

1. Kupsinjika kwa magazi
2. Kukhalapo kwa acetone mu mkodzo
3. Mlingo wa zinthu zomwe zimaperekedwa
4. Magawo a hypoglycemia.

Mimba ayenera isanafike mankhwala insulin:

• M'chipatala, pezani luso lodzisamalira komanso chidziwitso chofunikira chowunikira
• Pezani ndalama zodziletsa kapena pangani zofunikira mu labotale.

Ntchito yayikulu ya mankhwala a insulin panthawiyi ndi kupewa zovuta zomwe zingachitike. Mosasamala mtundu wa matenda, njira yoyenera yoperekera chithandizo ndikuyambitsa insulin yochepa musanadye komanso mankhwala osakhalitsa asanagone (kukhazikitsa glycemia usiku).

Kugawa tsiku ndi tsiku insulin imaganizira kufunika kwa mankhwalawa: usiku - 1/3, masana - 2/3 kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa.

Zofunika! Malinga ndi ziwerengero, panthawi yokhala ndi pakati, matenda a shuga 1 amakhala ofala kwambiri, chifukwa amakula ubwana ndi unyamata. Matenda a Type 2 amakhudza azimayi patatha zaka 30 ndipo ndiosavuta. Pankhaniyi, kuthekera kokukwaniritsa bwino zizindikiro za chakudya, zakudya zopatsa thanzi ndi kuchita zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi ndizambiri. Matenda a shuga amisala ndi osowa kwambiri.

Zizindikiro Chidule

Musanadziwe kuti insulini ikufunika bwanji kwa mtundu wachiwiri, tidzapeza zomwe zimawonetsa kukula kwa matenda "okoma". Kutengera mitundu yamatenda ndi mawonekedwe a wodwalayo, mawonetseredwe azachipatala amasiyanitsidwa pang'ono.

Muzochita zachipatala, Zizindikiro zimagawika m'mizere yayikulu, komanso zachiwiri. Ngati wodwala ali ndi matenda ashuga, Zizindikiro zake ndi polyuria, polydipsia, ndi polygraphy. Izi ndi zinthu zitatu zazikuluzikulu.

Kukula kwa chithunzi cha chipatala kumadalira momwe thupi limvera kuti chiwonjezere shuga, komanso pamlingo wake. Amadziwika kuti nthawi yomweyo, odwala amawona zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana.

Onani zambiri mwatsatanetsatane:

1. Polyuria imadziwika ndi kukodza pafupipafupi komanso kopanda mphamvu, kuwonjezeka kwamphamvu kwamkodzo patsiku. Mwachizolowezi, sipayenera kukhala shuga mu mkodzo, komabe, ndi T2DM, glucose amadziwika chifukwa cha mayeso a labotale. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito chimbudzi usiku, pamene shuga wambiri amachoka m'thupi kudzera mkodzo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi atheretu.
2. Chizindikiro choyamba chikugwirizana kwambiri ndi chachiwiri - polydipsia, chomwe chimadziwika ndi chikhumbo chofuna kumwa nthawi zonse. Kuthetsa ludzu lanu ndizovuta mokwanira, mutha kunena zambiri, mwina zosatheka.
3. Kusindikizanso ndi "ludzu", koma osati zakumwa, koma chakudya - wodwalayo amadya kwambiri, ndipo nthawi yomweyo sangathetse njala yake.

Ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, motsutsana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa chikhumbo, kuchepa kwambiri kwa thupi kumawonedwa. Ngati nthawi singayang'ane izi, chithunzicho chimatsogolera kumadzi.

Zizindikiro zochepa za endocrine pathology:

• Kusenda kwa pakhungu, mucous nembanemba.
• Kufooka kwa minofu, kutopa kwambiri, kuchita zolimbitsa thupi pang'ono kumayambitsa kutopa kwambiri.
• Kumauma pakamwa komwe madzi amadzimadzi sangathe.
• Pafupipafupi migraine.
• Mavuto ndi khungu, omwe ndiovuta kuthana ndi mankhwala.
• Kuchuluka kwa manja ndi miyendo, kusawona bwino kwamaso, kuzizira pafupipafupi ndi matenda opumira, matenda oyamba ndi fungus.

Pamodzi ndi zazikulu komanso zachiwiri zizindikiro, matendawa amadziwika ndi enieni - kuchepa kwa chitetezo cha m'thupi, kuchepa kwa malo owawa, mavuto omwe ali ndi kuthekera kwa erectile mwa amuna.

Mawonekedwe oyamba a kuchuluka kwa vutoli komanso kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi amayenera kuwonedwa kuti ndi glucosuria, ndiko kuti kuwonekera kwa shuga mkodzo. Palibe zosafunikira kwenikweni ndi polyuria (kuchuluka kwamkodzo mkatikati masana), ludzu - polydipsia, momwe wodwala amamwa mpaka malita khumi kapena kupitilira apo kwa maola 24.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake insulin mu matenda a shuga imapangitsa kukhalabe ndi njira zofunika kwambiri.

Kuphatikiza apo, pali kuphwanya mitundu yonse yofunika ya kagayidwe, monga protein, mineral and lipid metabolism. Kukhazikika kwakanthawi kochepa monga matenda a shuga kumatha kukhudza kwambiri zovuta za ziwalo zamkati.

Ndi shuga wokwezeka mosalekeza, ziwalo zonse za ma cell zimawonongeka. Kusintha kwachidziwitso kumayendetsedwa komwe katundu waukulu kwambiri amakhala.

Wodwalayo amakhala ndi vuto la m'mimba, kupweteka kwamkati kumamveka mu hypochondrium ndi m'mimba. Komanso musaiwale za miyendo, yomwe, yokhala ndi matenda a shuga a 2, imakumana ndi katundu chifukwa cholemera kwambiri.

Kuthwa, mitsempha ya varicose imawoneka, ming'alu ndi mabala zimatha kupanga, chifukwa thupi limasowa madzi komanso khungu limakhala losauka. Kutopa, kufupika kumawonetsa mavuto a mtima.

Zizindikiro zonse siziyenera kunyalanyazidwa.

Mankhwala othandizira odwala matenda amisala

Anthu ambiri odwala matenda ashuga satembenuka jakisoni chifukwa ndiye kuti simungathe kuwachotsa. Koma chithandizo chotere sichothandiza nthawi zonse ndipo chimayambitsa zovuta zazikulu.

Zilonda zimakupatsani mwayi wokwanira wa mahomoni pamene mapiritsi sangathenso kupirira. Ndi matenda a shuga a 2, pali kuthekera kwakuti kusinthira mapiritsi ndikotheka.

Izi zimachitika ngati ma jakisoni amaperekedwa kwa nthawi yochepa, mwachitsanzo, pokonzekera opareshoni, mukamanyamula mwana kapena mkaka wa m'mawere.

Jakisoni wa mahomoni amatha kuchotsa katundu kuchokera kwa iwo ndipo ma cell ali ndi mwayi wopuma. Nthawi yomweyo, kudya komanso kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi kumangoyambitsa izi. Kuwayikira kwa njirayi kumakhalapo pokhapokha ngati mukutsatira kwathunthu zakudya zomwe dokotala akutsimikiza. Zambiri zimatengera mawonekedwe a thupi.

Siziwoneka ngati zodabwitsa kwa owerenga kuti mahomoni omwe ali pamwambawa sagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha polimbana ndi matenda a shuga, komanso mankhwalawa amitundu yoipa yamatenda amisala, koma izi ndi zowona.

Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza odwala a schizophrenia.

Nthawi zina odwala okalamba amakhala ndi chiwopsezo chambiri mu shuga. Ngakhale kudya kapena kumwa mankhwala kungachepetse mulingo wake. Poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga, kulemera kwa munthu kumathanso kusintha. Anthu ena akulemera msanga, ndipo ena akuchepetsa thupi.

Ndi zizindikiro za matendawa, adotolo ayenera kuzindikira zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndikupereka yankho loyenera. Zikatero, zomwe zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga zimatha kukhala pancreatitis kapena matenda a autoimmune, omwe amapezeka mwa akulu okha.

Poterepa, kuyesa kusintha mulingo wa shuga mothandizidwa ndi mapiritsi sikungathandize. Miyezo ya shuga ipitilira kukwera, ndipo izi zimatha kubweretsa zotsatirapo zomvetsa chisoni, kuphatikizapo imfa.

Mu chilonda chachikulu cha pancreatitis, wodwalayo amapatsidwa mlingo wa insulin. M'pofunika jakisoni insulini ndi matenda moyo. Komabe, iyi ndi gawo lofunikira, apo ayi munthu akhoza kufa ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga mthupi.

Ngati munthu ali ndi matenda a shuga a autoimmune, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kupereka chithandizo choyenera kuposa mtundu uliwonse wa matenda ashuga, makamaka ngati matendawa akuchedwa.

Chowonadi ndi chakuti mu thupi la munthu mumakhala ma antibodies kuma β cell a kapamba, insulin ndi ma receptor ake. Zochita zawo cholinga chake ndikupondereza ntchito za maselo a ziwalo; kachipangizidwe kameneka ndi mtundu wa matenda ashuga 1.

Zotsatira za matenda a shuga a autoimmune ndi mtundu 1 wa shuga ndizofanana pomwe ma cell a kapamba omwe amayambitsa kupanga insulin amafa mitundu iwiri iyi yamatenda.

Ngati uwu ndi mtundu 1 wa shuga, kugwira ntchito kwa kapamba kumatha kusokonezeka ngakhale muubwana, ndipo insulin ikhoza kulembedwa, ndiye mu matenda a shuga a autoimmune, kuwonongeka kwa maselo a β kumachitika zaka 30 mpaka 40. Komabe, zotsatira zake zidzakhala zofanana - wodwalayo adapangidwa jakisoni wa insulin.

Tsopano pakakhala kutsutsana pakati pa madokotala za momwe gawo la matenda liyenera kukhalira insulin. Odwala ambiri amayesa kutsimikizira madokotala kuti safuna insulin ndikuwakakamiza kuti ayambe kulandira mapiritsi.Madokotala ena amalingaliranso kuti chithandizo cha insulin chiyenera kuyamba mochedwa momwe angathere.

Odwala akakhala ndi mantha a insulin, amatha kuwafotokozera. Komabe, kuikidwa kwake pambuyo pake kwa matendawa sikuti nthawi zonse kumakhala kolondola. Kusamalira munthawi yake mankhwalawa kumathandizira kuti shuga akhalenso ndi chizolowezi chake kwakanthawi kochepa ndikusiya kugwiritsa ntchito kwakanthawi.

Wodwala aliyense ayenera kukumbukira kuti dokotala samapereka mankhwala a insulin popanda chifukwa chomveka. Jakisoni wa insulin sasokoneza moyo wathunthu ndikukhala ndi moyo wokangalika. Nthawi zina, wodwala akapatsidwa insulin, wodwalayo amatha kupewa zovuta za matendawo.

Siyani kumwa jakisoni wa insulini ndizovuta kwambiri. Monga lamulo, iwo 'amabzala' mankhwalawo nthawi yomweyo ndikupanga jekeseniyo mosalekeza.

Kuchiza matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri popanda insulini kungatheke, koma pokhapokha ngati hemoglobin yowonjezereka ndi chizindikiro cha matenda omwe awola. Pankhaniyi, mutha kukana jakisoni ndikusinthira pamapiritsi.

Pambuyo pa masiku 30 a chithandizo chotere, kuyezetsa mobwerezabwereza kumachitika, ndipo ngati shuga yatsika ndi 1.5%, chithandizo cha matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amapezeka ndi mapiritsi amapitilizidwa, ngati chizindikiro chikakhala chotsika, kusintha kwa insulin kumabwerezedwanso.

Ndikofunika kuyang'anitsitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mukakana jakisoni. Ngati piritsi singathandize, muyenera kufunsa dokotala ndikupitiliza kupereka jakisoni.

Ngati mukuyesera kutsika shuga kwambiri popanda kulandira insulin, ndikofunikira kutsatira kwambiri zakudya zamafuta ochepa komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi.

Nthawi zambiri, pofuna kubwezeretsa kugwira ntchito kwa maselo a kapamba, mankhwalawa amalumikizidwa kuphatikizapo sulfonylurea. Chifukwa cha kudya kwawo, kupanga insulin kumalimbikitsidwa, motero kumapangitsa kuti shuga azikhala pamlingo wokwanira. Izi zikuphatikizapo Diabeteson, Maninil, komanso Glimepiride.

Mankhwalawa ali ndi mphamvu yosangalatsa pa kapamba palokha. Koma pankhani ya kumwa kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa, kuwonetsera kwa zotsatirapo ndizotheka.

Popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, kupanga insulin ndi kapamba, kutsatira zakudya, kumatha pafupifupi zaka 10, poyerekeza ndi zaka 8. Koma mukamagwiritsa ntchito mlingo waukulu, kufinya kwamkaka kumawonedwa, kupanga insulin kumatha zaka 5 zokha.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa mankhwalawa kukonzanso zochitika za kapamba kuyenera kuyikiridwa. Ngati mutsatira zakudya zapadera, mutha kuchepetsa shuga ndikuusunga panthawi yayitali. Lamulo lakhazikikiro lazakudya ndikugwiritsa ntchito chakudya chochepa kwambiri, makamaka chimbudzi mosavuta (chomwe chimapezeka mu confectionery).

Mankhwala a insulin

Kuyankhula za ngati mankhwala a insulin amafanizidwa ndi matenda amtundu wa 2, amakhalanso ndi chidwi ndi zowonetsa mosiyanasiyana. Mlandu wofunikira kwambiri ndikubwezeredwa kwa nthawi yayitali, ndiko kuti, kulephera kukwaniritsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi pogwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi, zakudya zoyenera komanso kusintha kwa moyo mwanjira zosiyanasiyana.

Popeza kuwonongeka kwakanthawi kambiri ndizowopsa, ndikofunikira kulumikizana ndi katswiri pasadakhale komwe mitengo ya insulin idzapatsidwa.

Kugwiritsa ntchito gawo la mahomoni kungafunike pamaso pamavuto akulu a mtima. Potere, zikutanthauza kuwonongeka kuchokera ku impso, mantha am'mimba, ziwalo zam'maso, komanso zombo zazikulu. Pafupifupi matenda onse omwe aperekedwa, ngati mankhwala a insulin atchulidwa, titha kulankhula za zoletsa kukula kwawo kapena kupewa maonekedwe osachepera 50-60%.

Mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana wodwala matenda ashuga, kuchuluka kwa maselo a beta kumachepa chaka chilichonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziphuphu zikuluzikulu.Ndi matenda a shuga a 2, samalani ndi chidwi chakuti:

• pafupifupi, kufooka kotereku kumadziwika zaka zisanu ndi zitatu pambuyo pakupezeka kwa matenda amisala.
• zinthu zomwe zikuthandizira pa izi ziyenera kuonedwa ngati magazi akulu (oposa mamilimita asanu ndi anayi) ndi milingo yayikulu ya sulfonylurea,
• Matendawa ndi chisonyezo china chakugwiritsa ntchito gawo la mahomoni.

Pofuna kupatula kudalira kwa insulini mu matenda a shuga, ndikofunikira kutsatira mosamalitsa za endocrinologist ndipo ayi.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za kuperekera mankhwalawa ndikuphwanya magwiridwe antchito a kapamba. Popeza chiwalo chamkati chimagwira mbali zonse za kagayidwe kachakudya mthupi, ndipo kusokonezeka kwa ntchito yake kumayambitsa zovuta mu ziwalo zina zamkati ndi ziwalo.

Maselo a Beta ali ndi udindo wopanga zinthu zachilengedwe zokwanira. Komabe, ndikusintha komwe kumayenderana ndi m'badwo mthupi pakakhala mavuto ndi kapamba, kuchuluka kwa maselo yogwira kumachepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale insulin.

Ziwerengero zamankhwala zikuwonetsa kuti "zomwe akumana nazo" za endocrine pathology wazaka 7-8, pazambiri zamatenda azachipatala, amafunikira mankhwala.

Kodi mankhwalawo amaperekedwa kwa ndani ndipo ndi liti? Ganizirani zifukwa zomwe mwaperekera matenda amtunduwu:

• Dera la hyperglycemic, makamaka, mtengo wa shuga ndiwopamwamba kuposa magawo 9.0. Ndiye kuti, kuwonongeka kwa nthawi yayitali kwa matenda.
• Kumwa mankhwala kutengera sulfonylureas.
• Kutopa kwamatenda.
• Kuchulukitsa kwa concomitant aakulu pathologies.
• Kuchokera pa matenda a shuga, mitundu ya Lada, zikhalidwe zopweteka (matenda opatsirana, kuvulala kwambiri).
• Nthawi yokhala ndi mwana.

Odwala ambiri amayesetsa m'njira iliyonse kuti achedwetse tsiku loti apangire jakisoni. M'malo mwake, palibe chomwe mungadandaule nacho, m'malo mwake, pali njira yoperekedwa yomwe imathandiza anthu omwe akudwala matenda osachiritsika kukhala ndi moyo wokwanira.

Zochita zimawonetsa kuti posachedwa, insulin imayikidwa mtundu wa matenda ashuga a 2. Njira iyi ya chithandizo imangoleketsa kuchepetsa zizindikiro zoyipa, komanso imathandizira kupitilira kwa matendawa, imakankhira kumbuyo zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zingakhalepo.

Cholinga cha pulani yotereyi iyenera kutsimikiziridwa, apo ayi izikhala ndi gawo loyipa.

Kufunika kwa insulin pochiza matenda a shuga sikukayikira. Kuchita zamankhwala kwa nthawi yayitali kwatsimikizira kuti kumathandizira kutalikitsa moyo wa wodwalayo, pomwe nthawi yomweyo akuchedwetsa zotsatirapo zoipa kwa nthawi yayitali.

Chifukwa chiyani ndikufunika kubayitsa mahomoni? Ichi chimakwaniritsa cholinga chimodzi - kukwaniritsa ndi kutsata hemoglobin wa glycated, glucose pamimba yopanda kanthu ndikatha kudya.

Ngati, ponseponse, insulin yodwala matenda ashuga ndi njira yokuthandizirani kumva bwino, kwinaku mukulepheretsa kupitirira kwa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda, komanso kupewa zovuta zovuta.

Kugwiritsa ntchito insulin kumapereka zotsatirazi zochizira:

1. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mankhwalawa komwe kumanenedwa kumatha kuchepetsa glycemia, pamimba yopanda kanthu ndikatha kudya.
2. Kuchulukitsa kamapangidwe am'madzi a pancreatic poyankha kukondoweza ndi shuga kapena zakudya.
3. Kutsika kwa gluconeogenesis ndi njira ya metabolic yomwe imatsogolera pakupanga shuga kuchokera kumagulu osagwiritsa ntchito chakudya.
4. Kukula kwa shuga kwa chiwindi.
5. Linachepa lipolysis itatha kudya.
6. Kutsitsa pang'onopang'ono kwa mapuloteni m'thupi.

Mankhwala a insulin othandizira odwala matenda amtundu wa 2 amakhala ndi phindu pa kagayidwe kazakudya zam'mimba, lipids ndi mapuloteni m'thupi la munthu. Zimathandizira kuyambitsa mawonekedwe ndi kuponderezana kwa kuwonongeka kwa shuga, lipids ndi amino acid.

Kuphatikiza apo, imasinthasintha kuchuluka kwa zizindikiritso chifukwa kuwonjezereka kwa kayendedwe ka glucose kupita ku ma cellular, komanso chifukwa cha kuletsa kwake kupanga kudzera pachiwindi.

Horm imalimbikitsa lipoogiis yogwira, imalepheretsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwamafuta acids mu metabolism yamphamvu, imathandizira kupanga mapuloteni, ndipo imalepheretsa minofu ya protein.

Pakati pa odwala matenda ashuga, malingaliro ambiri abwera okhudza insulin. Chifukwa chake, odwala ena amaganiza kuti mahomoniwo amathandizira kulemera, pomwe ena amakhulupirira kuti kuyambitsa kwake kumakupatsani mwayi woti musamatirire zakudya. Ndipo zinthu zilidi bwanji?

Kodi jakisoni wa insulin angachiritse matenda ashuga? Matendawa ndi osachiritsika, ndipo chithandizo chamankhwala chimangokulolani kuwongolera matendawa.

Kodi chithandizo cha insulin chimachepetsa moyo wa wodwalayo? Mukatha kusintha kanthawi kochepa ndikukazolowera ndondomeko ya jakisoni, mutha kuchita zinthu za tsiku ndi tsiku. Kuphatikiza apo, masiku ano pali mapensulo apadera a syringe ndi mapampu a insul Combo Culin a insulin omwe amathandizira kwambiri pakupanga mankhwala.

Kuti mupeze chithandizo choyenera cha mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda osokoneza bongo ndikusintha kwa insulini, muyenera kusankha njira yothandizira ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa kwa wodwalayo. Pali mitundu iwiri yamtunduwu.

Malangizo wamba

Mothandizidwa ndi mtundu uwu wa mankhwalawa, zimamveka kuti mitundu yonse ya mankhwala imawerengeredwa kale, kuchuluka kwa zakudya patsiku kumakhala kosasinthika, ngakhale mndandanda wazakudya ndi kukula kwake zimayikidwa ndi wazakudya. Iyi ndi njira yokhwima kwambiri ndipo imaperekedwa kwa anthu omwe, pazifukwa zina, sangathe kuwongolera shuga wawo wamagazi kapena kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa insulin potengera kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu azakudya.

Choipa cha njirayi ndikuti sizitengera mawonekedwe a thupi la wodwalayo, kupanikizika kothekera, kuphwanya zakudya, kuwonjezera zolimbitsa thupi. Nthawi zambiri, amalamula odwala okalamba. Mutha kuwerenga zambiri za iye m'nkhaniyi.

Kwambiri insulin mankhwala

Njirayi imakhala yachilengedwe, imaganizira za thanzi ndi katundu wa munthu aliyense, koma ndikofunikira kuti wodwalayo azigwiritsa ntchito moyenera maudindo ake mosamala. Thanzi lake komanso thanzi lake zimadalira izi. Chithandizo chachikulu cha insulin chitha kuphunziridwa mwatsatanetsatane ku ulalo womwe unaperekedwa kale.

Chithandizo cha insulin chakanthawi kochepa chimaperekedwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 omwe amakhala ndi vuto lalikulu la comorbidity (chibayo chachikulu, kulowetsedwa kwa myocardial, ndi zina zotere), mukamayang'anitsitsa shuga wa magazi pamafunika kuchira msanga.

Kapena muzochitika zomwe wodwalayo sangathe kumwa mapiritsi (matenda amkatikati mwa m'mimba, kumapeto kwa operekera opaleshoni, makamaka pamimba, ndi zina zambiri).

Matenda akulu amawonjezera kufunika kwa insulin m'thupi la munthu aliyense. Mwina munamvapo za hyperglycemia wopanikizika pamene magazi a magazi amatuluka mwa munthu wopanda matenda a shuga panthawi ya chimfine kapena matenda ena omwe amapezeka ndi kutentha kwambiri komanso / kapena kuledzera.

Madokotala amalankhula za nkhawa ya hyperglycemia yokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi okwanira 7.8 mmol / L mwa odwala omwe ali kuchipatala chifukwa cha matenda osiyanasiyana. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, 31% ya odwala omwe ali m'mawodi othandizira komanso kuchokera 44 mpaka 80% ya odwala omwe ali m'mawodi a postoperative ndi malo othandizira odwala kwambiri adakweza kuchuluka kwa glucose, ndipo 80% ya iwo m'mbuyomu analibe matenda a shuga.

Odwala oterowo amatha kuyamba kupatsa insulini kudzera m'mitsempha kapena pang'onopang'ono mpaka mawonekedwe atalipidwa. Nthawi yomweyo, madokotala samazindikira msanga matenda a shuga, koma amayang'anira wodwalayo.

Ngati ali ndi hemoglobin yapamwamba kwambiri (HbA1c pamwambapa 6.5%), yomwe ikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa glucose m'miyezi itatu yapitayi, ndipo glucose wamagazi samatulutsa nthawi yomweyo akamachira, ndiye kuti akupezeka ndi matenda a shuga ndipo amamuthandizanso chithandizo.

Pankhaniyi, ngati ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2, mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga atha kupatsidwa mankhwala kapena insulin ikhoza kupitilizidwa - zonse zimatengera matenda omwe amakhalapo. Koma izi sizitanthauza kuti opareshoni kapena machitidwe a madotolo adayambitsa matenda ashuga, monga momwe odwala athu amafotokozera nthawi zambiri ("adawonjezera shuga ...", etc.

d.). Zimangowonetsa komwe kukonzekera kuli.

Koma tidzakambirana za izi pambuyo pake.

Chifukwa chake, ngati munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 atenga matenda oopsa, malo ake osungirako insulin sangakhale okwanira kuti akwaniritse kufunika kotsutsana ndi kupsinjika, ndipo asamutsira insulin mankhwala, ngakhale atakhala kuti sanafunenso insulin kale.

Nthawi zambiri, akachira, wodwalayo amayambanso kumwa mapiritsi. Mwachitsanzo, ngati adachitidwa opareshoni pamimba yake, ndiye kuti adzalangizidwa kuti apitilize kuperekanso insulin, ngakhale ngati chinsinsi chake cha insulin chitasungidwa.

Mlingo wa mankhwalawa udzakhala wocheperako.

Kumbukirani kuti mtundu wa 2 shuga ndi matenda opita patsogolo, pomwe mphamvu ya ma cell a pancreatic beta imayamba kuchepa. Chifukwa chake, mlingo wa mankhwalawa umasinthasintha, nthawi zambiri umapitilira, mpaka pang'onopang'ono umafikira pazomwe zimapatsidwa zotsatira zoyipa zamapiritsi.

Kenako ndikofunikira kusinthira ku chithandizo cha insulin, ndipo chidzakhala chokhazikika, mlingo ndi mawonekedwe a insulin okha ndi omwe angasinthe. Inde, pali odwala otere omwe kwa nthawi yayitali, kwa zaka, amatha kukhala pachakudya kapena chochepa cha mankhwala ndikulipirira.

Izi zitha kuchitika, ngati matenda a shuga a mtundu 2 adapezeka koyambirira ndipo ntchito ya beta-cell idasungika bwino, ngati wodwalayo atha kuchepetsa thupi, amawunika zakudya zake ndikumayenda kwambiri, zomwe zimathandiza kukonza kapamba - mwa kuyankhula kwina, ngati insulin yanu sinawonongeke ndiyosiyana zakudya zovulaza.

Kapena mwina wodwalayo analibe matenda ashuga, koma panali prediabetes kapena hyperglycemia (onani pamwambapa) ndipo madotolo adafulumira kuti adziwe matenda a shuga 2.

Ndipo popeza matenda ashuga enieni sawachiritsa, nkovuta kuchotsa kuzindikira komwe kale kudali kale. Mwa munthu wotere, shuga wa magazi amatha kutuluka kangapo pachaka motsutsana ndi kupsinjika kapena matenda, ndipo nthawi zina shuga amakhala wabwinobwino.

Komanso, mankhwalawa amachepetsa shuga kwa odwala okalamba omwe amayamba kudya pang'ono, amachepetsa thupi, monga ena amanenera, "kuwuma", kufunikira kwawo kwa insulin kumachepa ndipo ngakhale chithandizo cha matenda ashuga sichitha.

Koma pazambiri zambiri, mlingo wa mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri umakulira.

Ndi kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa kubisala kwa cell ya beta komanso kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga, insulin imalimbikitsidwa m'njira zophatikizira kapena kuphatikiza mankhwala ochepetsa shuga.

Zizindikiro zokwanira zama insulin

• Zizindikiro zakuchepa kwa insulini (mwachitsanzo, kuchepa thupi, zizindikiro za kuwonongeka kwa matenda amtundu wa 2),
• kukhalapo kwa ketoacidosis ndi (kapena) ketosis,
• zovuta zilizonse za matenda a shuga a 2,
• kuchuluka kwa matenda osachiritsika, matenda opatsirana opweteka kwambiri (stroko, gangrene, vuto la mtima), kufunikira kwa maopareshoni, matenda oopsa,
• omwe adapezeka kumene amtundu wachiwiri wa shuga, womwe umayendetsedwa ndi shuga wambiri masana komanso pamimba yopanda kanthu, osaganizira kulemera kwa thupi, zaka, kuchuluka kwa matendawa,
• omwe adapezeka kumene amtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga pamaso pa ziwengo ndi zina zotsutsana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kuchokera kwa shuga m'mapiritsi. Matenda a hemorrhagic, matenda a impso ndi chiwindi.
• mimba ndi mkaka wa m`mawere
• kuwonongeka kwambiri kwa impso ndi chiwindi.
• kusowa kwa shuga wowongolera pa mankhwalawa pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osachepera shuga ochulukirapo omwenso amathandiza kuti asakanikirane ndi kuphatikiza Mlingo wovomerezeka, komanso kuyesetsa wokwanira
• precoma, chikomokere.

Mankhwala a insulin amadziwika kuti ali ndi odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 omwe ali ndi magawo a Laborator otsatirawa:

• kusala shuga m'magazi pamwamba pa 15 mmol / L mwa odwala omwe akukayikira
• kuchuluka kwa plasma ya C-peptide pansipa 0,2 nmol / l pambuyo poyesedwa mwamphamvu ndi 1.0 mg ya glucagon,
• ngakhale mutagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osachepera tsiku lililonse okonzekera shuga, kuthamanga kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa 8.0 mmol / l, mutatha kudya kwambiri kuposa 10.0 mmol / l,
• mulingo wa glycosylated hemoglobin nthawi zonse umapitirira 7%.

Ubwino wambiri wa insulin pochiza matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri ndi momwe zimachitikira mbali zonse za matenda amtunduwu. Choyamba, zimathandizira kulipirira kusowa kwa mphamvu ya kupanga insulin, yomwe imawonedwa ndi kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono pakugwira ntchito kwa maselo a beta.

Mankhwala aliwonse amakhala ndi zoyipa.

Chiwopsezo chokhala ndi zizindikiro zosasangalatsa kumbuyo kwa jakisoni wa insulin kumachulukitsa ndi Mlingo wosankhidwa mosayenera, kuphwanya kosungidwa kwa zinthu.

Wodwala amatha kupeza vuto la hypoglycemia, lipodystrophy, chifuwa, komanso kusowa koonera. Kuti muchepetse mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha insulin, muyenera kudziwa mfundo ndi kutsatira malamulo a mankhwala.

Ndi matenda a shuga 1

Kusinthasintha kwapafupi kwambiri kwa shuga m'magazi kuti pakhale kwachilengedwe pakubadwa ndikotheka kutsatira malamulo ndi mfundo izi:

• Pafupifupi tsiku lililonse azigwirizana ndi masoka omwe amapanga insulin ndi kapamba,
• kagawireni mankhwalawa malinga ndi chiwembuchi: 2/3 m'mawa, nkhomaliro ndi madzulo, 1/3 usiku,
• phatikizani insulin yayifupi ndi yayitali,
• jakisoni amalimbikitsidwa musanadye,
• musagwiritsidwe mankhwala opitilira 16 mankhwala osaneneka.

Ndi matenda a shuga kwa ana

Kuchulukitsa chiyembekezo cha moyo wa mwana, kuti muchepetse zovuta zoyambitsa matendawa, ndikofunikira:

• phatikizani insulin yayifupi ndi mankhwala omwe atenga nthawi yayitali,
• Kodi jakisoni wa mahomoni nthawi yayitali kawiri kapena katatu patsiku,
• Ana opitirira zaka 12 kuti achite zochiritsika zolimba,
• sinthani mlingo ndi gawo,
• ndi chidwi chachikulu, zoyeserera zothetsa banja.

Zimakhala zovuta kwa mwana wodwala matenda ashuga kumaliza dongosolo la sukulu: jakisoni wa mankhwala ayenera kuperekedwa nthawi inayake. Kuti muchepetse chithandizo, kubisa matendawa kwa ana ena, sankhani chithandizo cha pampu. Pampu imangotulutsa timadzi tomwe timalowa m'thupi tikamakula.

Pa nthawi yoyembekezera

Insulin yokhala ndi matenda a shuga a 2 sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri, chifukwa matendawa amakhudzana kwambiri ndi zovuta za metabolic m'malo ocheperako poyerekeza ndi insulin. Nthawi zambiri, timadzi timeneti timapangidwa ndi ma cell a pancreatic beta.

Ndipo, monga ulamuliro, wokhala ndi matenda amtundu wa 2, amagwira ntchito pafupipafupi. Mwazi wamagazi ukuwonjezeka chifukwa cha kukana insulini, ndiko kuti, kuchepa kwa chidwi cha minofu kufikira insulin.

Zotsatira zake, shuga sangalowe m'magazi am'magazi, mmalo mwake, amadziunjikira m'magazi.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga komanso kusintha pafupipafupi m'magazi a shuga, maselo amenewa amatha kufa kapena kufooketsa zomwe amagwira. Pankhaniyi, kuti athetse vuto, wodwalayo amayenera kupweteka kwakanthawi kapena kubayiratu insulin.

Komanso, jakisoni wa mahomoni angafunike kuti thupi likhalebe lolimba panthawi yofalitsa matenda opatsirana, omwe ndi mayeso enieni a chitetezo cha matenda ashuga. Zikondamoyo pakadali pano zimatha kutulutsa insulin yokwanira, popeza imakhalanso yovuta chifukwa cha kuledzera kwa thupi.

Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti nthawi zambiri, jakisoni wa mahomoni omwe ali ndi shuga osadalira insulin amakhala osakhalitsa. Ndipo ngati dokotala akuvomereza mtundu uwu wa zamankhwala, simungayesere kusintha ndi china chake.

Mu mtundu wofatsa wa matenda a shuga a 2, odwala nthawi zambiri samatha mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga.Amayendetsa matendawa pokhapokha mothandizidwa ndi zakudya zapadera komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mopepuka, osayiwala mayeso omwe adokotala amakhala nawo komanso kuyeza shuga m'magazi.

Koma munthawi imeneyi pomwe insulin imalembedwa kuti ichotse khungu kwakanthawi, ndibwino kutsatira malangizowo kuti akhalebe osunga matendawa mtsogolo.

Njira yolowetsera

Chomwe chitukuko cha matenda ashuga amtundu 2 chimachitika ndikusamva bwino kwa maselo a thupi kulowa insulin. Mwa anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vutoli, timadzi timabadwa timatulutsidwa.

Ngati apezeka kuti shuga akwera pang'ono mukatha kudya, mutha kuyesa kulowetsa insulin ndi mapiritsi. Kwa izi, "Metformin" ndiyabwino.

Mankhwalawa amatha kubwezeretsa maselo, ndipo amatha kudziwa insulin yomwe thupi limatulutsa.

Odwala ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi poperekera jakisoni tsiku lililonse. Koma kusinthaku ndikotheka pokhapokha gawo lokwanira la maselo a beta lisungidwe lomwe lingakhalebe ndi glycemia mokwanira motsutsana ndi maziko a mankhwala ochepetsa shuga, omwe amachitika ndikulandila insulin kwakanthawi kochepa pokonzekera opareshoni, panthawi yapakati.

Zingachitike kuti mukamamwa mapiritsiwo shuga msanga umakulabe, ndiye kuti jakisoni sangachite.

Mankhwala amakono komanso odziwika bwino a insulin ndi awa:

• Chichewa. Awa ndi mankhwala abwino kwambiri. Amachepetsa shuga m'mphindi 15. Muli insulin yaumunthu. Sungani shuga wambiri kwa maola atatu,
• Gensulin N. Wogwiritsa ntchito pakati. Amachepetsa shuga pambuyo ola limodzi pakatha maola 20. Malinga ndi malangizo, imakhala ndi zoyipa zochepa.
• Lantus. Uwu ndi mtundu wa mankhwala wokhalitsa. Zovomerezeka kwa maola 40.

Matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba amathandizidwa ndi insulin yokha. Odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda angagwiritse ntchito mapiritsi kapena jakisoni.

Fomu ya kapisolo ndizosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndipo imapereka kuyang'anira kwa chilengedwe cha glucose. Nthawi yomweyo mapiritsi amakhudza kayendedwe ka chiwindi ndi impso.

Ndi kusankha kolakwika kwa mankhwalawo, pamakhala ngozi yotenga mtima. Zilonda pankhaniyi ndizotetezeka ndipo zimatha 100% kulowa m'malo mwa kapamba.

Kuchita bwino kwa mankhwala a mahomoni m'thupi kumadalira malo omwe amayambitsa. Zingwe za hypoglycemic wothandizira za mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana ochitika zimachitika m'malo amodzi. Ndiye ndingabisaliritse kukonzekera insulin?

• Dera loyambirira ndi m'mimba: mchiuno, ndikusunthira kumbuyo, kumanzere ndi kumanzere kwa navel. Imatenga mpaka 90% ya mlingo womwe umayendetsedwa. Khalidwe likuwonekera pang'onopang'ono pazochita za mankhwala, pakatha mphindi 15-30. Peak imachitika pakadutsa ola limodzi. Kubaya jakisoni m'dera lino ndizovuta kwambiri. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amabayirira insulin yayifupi m'mimba mwawo atatha kudya. "Kuti muchepetse chizindikiro cha ululu, zomata zam'mphepete, pafupi ndi mbali," akatswiri amtopola amaperekanso malangizo kwa odwala awo. Wodwala atatha kudya kapena kupanga jakisoni ndi chakudya, atangodya.
• Gawo lachiwiri ndi manja: gawo lakunja la nthambi yam'mwamba kuyambira phewa mpaka m'chiwuno. Kubaya jakisoni m'derali kuli ndi zabwino zake - ndizosapweteka kwambiri. Koma ndikosavuta kwa wodwalayo kupanga jakisoni m'manja ndi ndudu ya insulin. Pali njira ziwiri zochitira izi: kubaya insulin ndi cholembera kapena kuphunzitsa okondedwa kupereka jakisoni kwa odwala matenda ashuga.
• Gawo lachitatu ndi miyendo: ntchafu yakunja kuchokera ku inguinal mpaka kulumikizana kwa bondo. Kuchokera m'malo omwe ali miyendo ya thupi, insulin imatengedwa mpaka 75% ya mankhwala omwe amaperekedwa ndikuyamba pang'onopang'ono. Kukhazikika kwa zochita kumachitika m'maola 1.0-1.5. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito jakisoni ndi mankhwala, nthawi yayitali (yowonjezeredwa, yowonjezeredwa nthawi).
• Gawo lachinayi ndi masamba amapewa: ali kumbuyo, pansi pa fupa lomwelo.Chiwerengero cha insulin chosafotokozedwa pamalo enaake ndi kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe (30%) ndizotsika kwambiri. Tsamba lamapewa limawerengedwa kuti ndi malo osagwira jakisoni wa insulin.

Malo abwino okhala ndi magwiridwe antchito kwambiri ndi dera la umbilical (pamtunda wa zala ziwiri). Ndikosatheka kukhazikika nthawi zonse m'malo "abwino". Mtunda pakati pa jekeseni lomaliza ndi likubwerali uyenera kukhala wosachepera 3 cm.

Ngati mutsatira malangizowo kuti musunthe “chifupikisano” m'mimba, komanso “kutalika” pa ntchafu kapena mkono, ndiye kuti wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuchita jakisoni 2 nthawi imodzi. Odwala osamala amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito ma insulin osakanikirana (osakanikirana a Novoropid, Humalog) kapena kuphatikiza pawokha mitundu iwiri ya syringe ndikupanga jakisoni imodzi malo aliwonse.

Si ma insulini onse omwe amaloledwa kusakanikirana. Amatha kukhala ofupika komanso apakatikati kuchitapo kanthu.

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amaphunzira njira zowerengera mkalasi m'masukulu apadera, omwe amapanga dongosolo la endocrinology department. Odwala ocheperako kapena osathandiza amathandizidwa ndi okondedwa awo.

Zochita zazikulu zomwe wodwala amachita ndi izi:

1. Pokonzekera khungu. Tsamba la jakisoni liyenera kukhala loyera. Pukutani, makamaka pakani, khungu silifunikira mowa. Mowa umadziwika kuti umawononga insulini. Ndikokwanira kusamba gawo limodzi ndi madzi ofunda a sopo kapena kusamba (kusamba) kamodzi patsiku.
2. Kukonzekera kwa insulin ("cholembera", syringe, vial). Mankhwalawa akuyenera kuti azikulungika m'manja anu kwa masekondi 30. Ndikwabwino kuyiyambitsa yosakanikirana bwino komanso yotentha. Imbani ndikutsimikizira kulondola kwa mlingo.
3. Kuchita jakisoni. Ndi dzanja lanu lamanzere, pangani khungu lanu ndikulowetsa singano m'munsi mwake pakulowa kwa madigiri 45 kapena kumtunda, mutagwira syringe molunjika. Mukatsitsa mankhwalawa, dikirani masekondi 5-7. Mutha kuwerengera mpaka 10.

Mukachotsa singano pakhungu, ndiye kuti insulini imatuluka kuchokera kumalo opumira, ndipo gawo lina sililowa mthupi. Mavuto a insulin Therapy amatha kukhala ambiri m'njira zosiyanasiyana zamkati mwa mtundu womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito.

A endocrinologist athandizira kusintha kwa hypoglycemic ndi analogue yoyenera. Makampani ogulitsa mankhwala amapereka mitundu yambiri ya insulin.

Mavuto amtundu wakhungu pakhungu limachitika chifukwa cha singano yayikulu, kuyambitsa kwa mankhwala enaake, komanso kusankhidwa bwino kwa jakisoni.

Kwenikweni, zomwe wodwala amakumana nazo ndi jakisoni zimawerengedwa ngati mawonetseredwe amtunduwu. Munthu aliyense ali ndi gawo lolimbana ndi kupwetekedwa mtima.

Zisonyezo za mankhwala a insulin

Jakisoni wa insulin nthawi zambiri amathandizira amayi panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati ngati apeza matenda asanabadwe.

Anthu omwe akudwala mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda, insulin imayikidwa pafupifupi 30 peresenti ya milandu. Izi zimachitika ngati ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 akapeza:

• kuti chithandizo chamankhwala ofatsa kwambiri sichothandiza,
• nephropathy
• kubwezera kwambiri
• Zizindikiro zakuchepa kwa insulini (kuwonda mwadzidzidzi, ketoacidosis),
• matenda opatsirana (oopsa kwambiri a purulent-septic),
• pachimake mitundu ya macrovascular complication (kugunda kwa mtima kapena sitiroko),
• Magazi otsika a C-peptide apezeka kumbuyo kwa mayeso olimbitsa thupi pogwiritsa ntchito glucagon.

Wowerengayo mosakayikira ali ndi chidwi chofuna kudziwa: kodi shuga amapatsidwa shuga uti?

Zochita zachipatala zimawonetsa kuti wodwalayo "amakhala pansi" pamankhwala awa, monga lamulo, zaka zisanu atazindikira matendawa. Komanso, wodziwa za endocrinologist nthawi zonse amatha kukuwuzani nthawi yomwe amasintha kuchokera ku mapiritsi kuti ajekeseni.

Ndiye ndizomveka kuti owerenga osawerengeka afunsa funso lotsatirali: pambuyo pa zonse, ndibwino, mapiritsi kapena insulin?

Yankho lake ndilosavuta - zonse zimatengera gawo la matendawo, kapena ndikosavuta kunena kuti matendawa apezeka liti.

Ngati kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi sikupitirira 8-10 mmol / l, ndiye kuti izi zikuwonetsa kuti mphamvu za β-cell za kapamba sizinathe, koma amafunikira thandizo pamapiritsi. Ndi shuga ena okwera, insulin imayikidwa.

Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati manambala apitilira chizindikiro cha 10 mmol / l, ndiye kuti chithandizo chomwe chatchulidwa pamwambapa sichingagawidwe nawo. Ndipo zitha kukhala kwa nthawi yayitali, ngati sichoncho kwa moyo.

Ngakhale pali milandu yambiri pamene maselo opuma a beta ayambanso kugwira ntchito moyenera ndipo adokotala, mosangalatsa wodwalayo, amaletsa kuikidwa kwa mtundu uwu wa mankhwalawa.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mahomoni ngati chithandizo sikufuna maluso apadera komanso chidziwitso, chifukwa chake, odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu woyamba 1 ndi mtundu 2 amalimbikitsidwa kuti aphunzire bwino jakisoni wa insulin.

Komabe, malamulo ena a insulin mankhwala amafunikabe kudziwa ndikuwatsatira mwanzeru.

Masiku ano, odwala oposa 30% omwe amapezeka ndi matenda a shuga amapatsidwa jakisoni wa insulin. Zizindikiro zokwanira zamankhwala ndi awa:

• mtundu woyamba wa matenda,
• nthenda yachiwiri yamatenda, ngati:
• kuphatikiza kwa matenda a shuga omwe ali ndi matenda otupa komanso puritis, myocardial infarction, anorexia,
• zovuta zovuta za endocrine kusokonezeka (neuropathy, diabetesic phokoso syndrome).

Malamulo a zakudya

Mudazindikira kuti amapangira jakisoni, momwe mungasankhire mankhwala, ndipo mukafunikira kuchita izi, lingalirani mfundo zazikulu pakuchiritsa matenda. Tsoka ilo, ndizosatheka kuthetsa matenda ashuga kwamuyaya. Chifukwa chake, njira yokhayo yowonjezera chiyembekezo cha moyo komanso kuchepetsa zovuta za jakisoni.

Kodi insulin ingavulaze bwanji? Pali vuto linalake pakuthandizira kwa mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda osokoneza bongo kudzera m'mahomoni. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mukapaka jakisoni, zimayambitsa mapaundi owonjezera.

Matenda a shuga a Type 2 pa insulin ndi chiopsezo cha kunenepa kwambiri, motero ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti wodwalayo azichita nawo zamasewera kuti awonjezere chidwi cha minofu yofewa. Kuti ntchito ya mankhwalawa ikhale yothandiza, chisamaliro chapadera chimaperekedwa ku zakudya.

Ngati mukunenepa kwambiri, ndikofunikira kutsatira zakudya zamafuta ochepa, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwamafuta ndi chakudya pamenyu. Mankhwalawa amayenera kuikidwa poyang'anira zakudya zanu, shuga amayenera kuwerengedwa kangapo patsiku.

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri ndi njira yovuta kwambiri, yomwe zakudya ndi masewera, ngakhale ndi kukhazikika kwa glycemia wofunikira.

Zambiri za matenda a shuga a Type 2 amaperekedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.

Tebulo Nambala 9 ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yopititsira patsogolo shuga pakadutsa malire ovomerezeka. Zakudya za matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri ndizokhwima, koma ndimatenda omwe amadzilamulira pawokha a insulin, ndiye zakudya zomwe zimadza patsogolo. Jakisoni kapena mapiritsi a insulin ndi mankhwala ochepetsa shuga ndi njira zina zowonjezera.

Tcherani khutu. Nthawi zambiri, odwala matenda ashuga amaphunzira kuthana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mahomoni pomwe kapamba amatha kuthana ndi kupanga insulin.

Pokhapokha gawo lovuta la matenda, kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa ndende, shuga imayenera kuyambitsidwa mwachangu. Ngati wodwalayo amatsatira malamulo a zopatsa thanzi, mungachedwetse kuyamba kwa insulin tsiku lililonse.

Mfundo zapakati pazakudya

Ndi matenda a shuga a 2, ndikofunikira kutsatira malangizo mosamala, kutsatira malamulo ophika:

• osatengera mayina azakudya ndi shuga,
• Kupereka kukoma kosangalatsa kwa ma compotes, tiyi, zipatso puree, zakudya zonunkhira ngati shuga: sorbitol, xylitol, fructose, stevia. Mlingo - malinga ndi zomwe dokotala wanena,
• sizi wophika, wophika, ophika,
• m'malo mafuta mafuta nyama ndi margarine ndi mafuta masamba. Bacon amchere ndi ma grouse, omwe ambiri amawakonda, ndi oletsedwa.Batala wopanda mafuta ndi osowa komanso pang'ono kudya,
• kutsatira zakudya: khala patebulo nthawi yomweyo, osadumpha chakudya chotsatira,
• muyenera kupeza madzi okwanira malita ndi theka patsiku,
• lekani okazinga, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chakudya, makeke, zipatso ndi zipatso, mchere wowonjezera, masamba ndi zipatso zamzitini,
• kuchuluka kwamphamvu zamagetsi patsiku lililonse kuchokera pa 2400 mpaka 2600 kilocalories,
• onetsetsani kuti mwawerengera magawo a mkate, idyani zakudya zamagulu a glycemic ndi index ya insulin. Pa tsamba lanu mutha kupeza matebulo a anthu odwala matenda ashuga, kugwiritsa ntchito komwe kumapeweka kuchuluka kwa shuga,
• landirani pang'ono pang'onopang'ono chakudya (chinangwa, chimanga, pasitala wopangidwa ndi durum tirigu, oatmeal, zipatso). Kanani chakudya chofunikira kwambiri, "chofulumira". Halva, makeke, shuga, ma pie, makeke, mavuvu, kupanikizana, ndizovulaza kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Simungadye maswiti, mipiringidzo, mkaka ndi chokoleti yoyera. Mitundu ya chokoleti yakuda yomwe imakhala ndi cocoa ya 72% sikuloledwa, pang'ono: GI - magulu 22 okha,
• Nthawi zambiri amadya zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba osalandira mankhwala. Zakudya zophika ndi zophika, malingaliro a GI amawonjezeka, omwe amawonongera shuga. Mwachitsanzo, kaloti yaiwisi: Gl - 35, yophika - 85, apricots watsopano - 20, zipatso zamzitini ndi shuga - mayunitsi 91,
• idyani mbatata mu "yunifolomu": GI ndi 65. Ngati wodwala wasankha kudya tchipisi kapena masamba otsekemera a French, ndiye kuti shuga amadzuka mwachangu: index ya glycemic mukamazinga imawonjezeka mpaka magawo 95.

Zinthu Zololedwa

Ndi matenda a shuga amtundu uliwonse, kupatula mankhwala a insulin, ndikofunikira kuti wodwala azitsatira zakudya. Mfundo zachikhalidwe zochizira odwala ndizofanana kwa odwala omwe ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matendawa, komabe pali zovuta zina. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin, chakudyacho chitha kukhala chochulukirapo, popeza amalandila timadzi timeneti kuchokera kunja.

Ndi chithandizo chosankhidwa bwino komanso matenda opatsirana bwino a shuga, munthu amatha kudya pafupifupi chilichonse. Zachidziwikire, timangolankhula zokhazokha komanso zopangidwa mwachilengedwe, popeza zakudya zosavuta ndi zakudya zopanda pake siziperekedwa kwa odwala onse. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kuperekera insulin kwa odwala matenda ashuga ndikutha kuwerengera moyenera kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa, kutengera kuchuluka kwa chakudya.

Maziko a wodwala yemwe wapezeka ndi matenda a metabolic ayenera kukhala:

• Masamba atsopano ndi zipatso zokhala ndi chisonyezo chotsika kapena chapakati cha glycemic,
• mafuta ochepa mkaka,
• chimanga chokhala ndi chakudya pang'onopang'ono pakupanga,
• kudya nyama ndi nsomba.

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga omwe amathandizidwa ndi insulin nthawi zina amatha kugula buledi ndi maswiti achilengedwe (ngati alibe matendawa). Odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga ayenera kutsatira zakudya zowonjezera, chifukwa momwemo ndi zakudya zomwe ndizo maziko a chithandizo.

Zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi insulin komanso kuwerengera kwake kwa akazi apakati

Kwa zaka zambiri osalimbana ndi ma DIABETES?

Mutu wa Bungwe: “Mudzadabwitsidwa kuti kumakhala kovuta motani kuchiritsa matenda a shuga tsiku lililonse.

Pakutupa, magazi a mzimayi amatha kuchuluka mpaka kuyamba kulandira insulin. Panthawi yapakati, izi sizofunikira, popeza nthawi zambiri zimatha kudzichepetsa pakumwa mapiritsi ndikutsatira zakudya okhazikika (tebulo No. 9). Ngati, popanda mahomoni awa, kapamba wa mayi wamtsogolo sangathe kuthana ndi katundu, ndikofunikira kumuthandiza ndi insulini kuti musavulaze mwana. Panthawi yapakati, insulini ndiyo njira yabwino yokhazikitsira shuga wamagazi, ngakhale ngati m'mbuyomo mayi asanapange jakisoni imodzi ya timadzi timeneti.

Zokhudza kugwiritsa ntchito insulin panthawi yapakati

Munthawi imeneyi, ndikofunikira kuti azimayi azikhala ndi shuga panthawi yochepa.Madokotala amakhazikitsa cholinga chamankhwala kuti akwaniritse izi monga mwa amayi apakati popanda matendawa.

• Kuyankhulana kwamuyaya kwa amayi amtsogolo ndi madotolo, wazakudya, endocrinologist, gynecologist.
• Kuchita zolimbitsa thupi, ziyenera kukhala zotheka popanda kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri, ndipo sipayenera kukhala chisokonezo champhamvu.
• Kugonjera mayesero onse ofunikira kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin ya glycosylated, kuyesa kwa maso (shuga imakhudzanso zovuta zake).

Pa nthawi ya pakati, insulin imayikidwa mosamala kwambiri, chifukwa ndikofunikira kusankha mankhwala oyenera ndi mlingo wake. Popereka mankhwala awa kwa amayi apakati, dokotala amaganizira kulemera kwa mayi wamtsogolo komanso nthawi yodzaberekera mwana.

• 1st trterter - magawo 0,6 pa kilogalamu imodzi ya kulemera,
• 2nd trimester - mayunitsi 0,77 / kg,
• 3 trimester - mayunitsi 0,8 / kg.

Palinso mfundo zoyendetsera ma hormone awa. Kwa thanzi la mkazi, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito 2/3 ya mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku musanadye kaye. Mankhwala otsala ayenera kuperekedwa musanadye. Zina mwa insulin zomwe zimayambitsidwa m'mawa zimakhala ngati mahomoni ofupikirapo, mlingo wotsalawo umakhala ndi mphamvu yayitali kwa thupi. Makamaka makamaka ndi kubereka mwana. Pokonzekera kubereka, insulin imayikidwa mu mitundu yaying'ono, pomwe pali kuwunika konse kwamisempha yamagazi. Pofuna kupewa kulemetsa ziwalo zamkati pakubadwa kwa mwana, ndibwino kukhazikitsa gawo limodzi la magawo anayi a mgawo woyamba. Koma ngati mankhwalawa aperekedwa, magawo awiri a 2-3 amayenera kuperekedwa pambuyo pa ola lililonse. Kumayambiriro kumachitika limodzi ndi yankho la 5% shuga (100-150 ml). Mwanjira iyi, kuchuluka kwa shuga kwamwazi kuyenera kuyendetsedwa .. Ngakhale mwana atabadwa, insulin imafunikira kuwirikiza kawiri kapena katatu kuposa kale. Masiku ochepa atabadwa (mpaka masiku 5), mayiyo ayenera kuyamba kubaya insulin.

Kalasi yamimba ndi insulin

Madotolo adafotokoza kukula kwa matendawa mwa amayi omwe ali ndi ana. Pali makalasi ena omwe amatsimikizira nthawi yomwe matendawa amakula komanso mavuto ake.

Nthawi zina zimachitika kuti mlingo wowerengeka suyenera mkazi. Pankhaniyi, ndikokwanira kusintha zakudya, osatinso jekeseni theka la insulin. Nkhani zakusintha kwa mankhwala ndi njira zina za mankhwalawa zimasankhidwa mosamalitsa ndi adokotala komanso azakudya. Kuti mayi wam'tsogolo asayike mwana wake pangozi usiku, makonzedwe amakonzedwe a maholide akhale motere: musanadye chakudya, jekeseni insulin posakhalitsa, mutatha kudya pang'ono, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apakati.

Mankhwala omwe mungasankhe kwa amayi apakati?

Nthawi zambiri, azimayi omwe amayembekeza makanda amafunsa ngati insulin ndi yoyipa pomwe mukunyamula ana? Pali mankhwala omwe amaletsedwa nthawi imeneyi.

• Humalog - insulin yocheperako pang'ono, imayamba kuchita pakadutsa mphindi 10.Ndi shuga wambiri, mankhwalawa amathandizira maola 4 pafupifupi.
• Iletin II Wokhazikika ndi mahomoni amtundu waufupi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala ena omwe amakhala ndi zotsatira zazitali zamafuta a shuga. Mu 1 trimester, kufunikira kwa mayiyo kumachepa, chifukwa chake, ndi adokotala okha omwe amasankha momwe angagwiritsire ntchito mankhwalawa panthawi yonse yomwe mwana wabadwa.
• Insuman Bazal ndi insulini yotsika nthawi yayitali, nsonga yayitali imayamba pambuyo pa maola 4-6. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala pa nthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati, popeza mahomoni samalowa mu zotchinga za placental. Pa nthawi yanji yokhala ndi pakati, komanso ndi mankhwalawa omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito, dokotala wazamankhwala ndi endocrinologist asankha.
• Humodar ndiye nthawi yayitali ya mankhwalawa, angagwiritsidwe ntchito panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati, popeza siziwopseza mwana.
• Levemir - amatanthauza mankhwala omwe akhala akuchita kwa nthawi yayitali. Gawani insulin mwanjira imeneyi nthawi zambiri, chifukwa imafanana kwambiri ndi insulin ya anthu. Zokhudza shuga anali maora 24. Imayamba kugwira ntchito mwachangu mu maola 1-1,5 pambuyo pa kubayidwa.

Pambuyo popima zabwino ndi zowawa, muyenera kusankha mankhwala omwe ali ndi gynecologist ndi endocrinologist. Katswiri amasintha mlingo wa mankhwalawa kutengera kulemera ndi msinkhu wa mayeso a mayiyo. Ndi mankhwala ati omwe adalandiridwa, awa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito musanadye mlingo wokhudzana ndi kubadwa kwa mwana kapena msambo.

Jakisoni wa matenda ashuga

• 1 Mitundu ya insulin yomwe ilipo
• 2 Kodi ndizotheka kukana jakisoni munthawi ya chithandizo?
• 3 Kuchuluka kwa insulin
• 4 Momwe mungasungire insulin?
• 5 Momwe mungaperekere jakisoni kwa odwala matenda ashuga?
• 6 Nthawi

Kuti mukhale ndi shuga mokwanira, jakisoni wa insulin mu shuga ayenera kuchitika moyo wanga wonse, motero odwala ayenera kuyandikira njirayi mosamala komanso moyenera. Kuti mankhwalawa akhale ndi zotsatira zoyenera, muyenera kusankha njira yoyenera ya mankhwala, mapiritsi ndi jakisoni, apo ayi muyenera kuthana ndi zovuta. Kubaya jakisoni sikowopsa monga momwe kumawonekera koyamba. Chinthu chachikulu ndikuchita kunyenga molondola.

Mitundu yomwe ilipo ya insulin

Insulin ndi mahomoni opangidwa m'maselo a beta a kapamba. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, shuga amawononga maselo, omwe amachititsa kuchepa kwa timadzi m'thupi, ndipo odwala amakakamizidwa kuwabaya jakisoni. Katemera wa matenda a shuga sangangoleketsa matendawa, komanso amachotsa kwathunthu zizowoneka zosasangalatsa. Chachikulu ndikusankha mankhwala oyenera. Kutengera ndi chiyambi, mitundu yotsatirayi ya insulin imasiyanitsidwa:

• Ng'ombe. Amapangidwa kuchokera kuma cell a kapamba am'mimba ndipo amatha kuyambitsa mavuto. Mtunduwu umaphatikizapo mankhwala "Ultralent", "Insulrap GPP", "Ultralent MS."
• Nkhumba. Kuphatikizikako kumakhala koyandikira kwambiri kwa anthu, komabe kumatha kuyambitsa zizindikiro zomwe sizigwirizana. Mankhwala odziwika kwambiri pa insulin ya insulin ndi Insulrap SPP, Monodar Long, Monosuinsulin.
• Umisiri wamtundu. Amapezeka kuchokera kapamba wa nkhumba kapena E. coli. Hypoongegenic ambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazachuma "Humulin", "Insulin Actrapid", "Protafan", "Novomiks".

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Kodi ndizotheka kukana jakisoni pa mankhwala?

Ndi shuga wambiri, anthu amakonda kumva kupweteka.

Mokulirapo kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kumakhala kosasangalatsa komanso kowala kwambiri zizindikiro za matendawa kufotokozedwa: kumva ludzu, kukamwa kowuma, kuchuluka kwambiri kapena kuchepetsa thupi, kupweteka kwam'mutu komanso kupweteka molumikizana. Jakisoni wa insulin nthawi yomweyo amachotsa mawonetseredwe awa ndikuwoneka kuti amachira, ngakhale amangoletsa matendawo kwa kanthawi.

Kufunika kwa insulin pambuyo poyambitsa makonzedwe kumachepera, ndipo kuchiritsa kumatha kukhala mpaka masiku 30. Nthawi imeneyi imatchedwa mwachinsinsi "phwando la tchuthi."Koma, ngakhale ndi dzina lokongola, gawo ili la matendawa limatha kubweretsa zovuta komanso ma pathologies ambiri ngati odwala sayambiranso jakisoni panthawi.

Pogwiritsa ntchito zakudya zamagulu ochepa za carb, tinthu timeneti titha kutalikirana kwa masiku 60 kapena kupitirira apo, ngati mutaphatikiza chakudyacho ndi milingo yochepetsedwa ya insulin, matendawa sangakhumudwitse zizindikiro zoyipa kwazaka zambiri. Zakudya zoyenera ndi mlingo wake zimasankhidwa ndipo nthawi zonse zimasinthidwa ndi adokotala. Ntchito ya odwala matenda ashuga ndikuwonetsetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga mothandizidwa ndi mayeso apakhomo apakhomo mofulumira, kutsatira kwambiri zakudya ndipo osaphonya jakisoni. Muyenera kusiyiratu "masewera" azakudya zopatsa thanzi, monga Dextrose. Omwe amapeza (zakudya zowonjezera) amakhala otengeka msanga, amasintha kukhala shuga wowonjezera kapena shuga. Mwa anthu athanzi, "Dextrose", pamene kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa kumatha kuyambitsa kunenepa kwambiri, komanso odwala matenda ashuga, zovuta kwambiri zimayambitsa matenda osasintha.

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Kuchuluka kwa insulin

Kwa munthu wamkulu wathanzi, kuchuluka kwa insulin kumayambira 3 mpaka 30 µU / ml (kapena mpaka 240 pmol / l). Kwa ana osakwana zaka 12, chizindikiro ichi sichenera kupitirira malire a 10 μU / ml (kapena 69 pmol / l). Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amakhala ndi insulin yotsika kwambiri ndipo amapanga mwaukadaulo. Ma immunomodulators amathanso kuthandizira kupanga insulin, makamaka panthawi ya chimfine ndi matenda opatsirana, omwe angalimbikitse chitetezo cha mthupi. Chifukwa chake, palimodzi ndi insulin, odwala matenda ashuga panthawi yodwala matenda amapanga jekeseni wa Timalin kapena module ina iliyonse ngati jakisoni.

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Momwe mungasungire insulin?

Mbale zopangidwa ndi mankhwala ziyenera kutsukidwa kutali ndi dzuwa.

Mbale zosavomerezeka ndi ma ampoules omwe ali ndi insulin amasungidwa mufiriji. Mankhwala atatsegulidwa kapena pazifukwa zina atayika kulimba kwa phukusili, liyenera kusungidwa m'chipinda chofunda, m'malo owuma, lotetezedwa ku dzuwa. Ngati jakisoniyo wapangidwa kuchokera mumtsuko womwe wangotulutsidwa m'firiji, muyenera kudikirira mphindi 10-15 mpaka mankhwalawo afikire kutentha kwa chipinda, apo ayi zotsatira zake zingakhale zolakwika.

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Momwe mungapangire jakisoni kwa odwala matenda ashuga?

Odwala ambiri amalandila zovuta osati chifukwa chokana kubayidwa jakisoni, koma chifukwa choopa jakisoni ngati mtundu wamankhwala. Ngati jakisoni adalowetsedwa molakwika, ndiye kuphatikiza pa zowawa, hematomas imapezeka pamalo a jekeseni. Pofuna kupewa izi, pali njira yapadera yothandizira insulin. Ndizoyenera mtundu wa odwala matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba, chifukwa amadalira insulin kwambiri, ndipo ndiwothandiza kwa matenda ashuga 2, pomwe wodwalayo ali ndi chimfine kapena matenda ena omwe amawonjezera katundu m'maselo a beta. Ndikofunikira jakisoni wa matenda ashuga, mosatengera zaka, chifukwa ndikofunikira kuphunzira momwe angapangire izi molondola kuyambira ubwana.

Insulin imayendetsedwa mosavuta. Malo abwino obayira jakisoni, chifukwa chothira mankhwalawa mwachangu, ndi:

• ntchafu zakunja
• nkhope zakunja zamapewa
• m'mimba komanso ma umbilical
• chapamwamba gluteal gawo.

Kuchita zodzionetsera pamimba.

Ziwalo zamtunduwu zimakhala ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri la zotumphukira za adipose, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amazisintha pang'onopang'ono ma jakisoni amkati, chifukwa chiopsezo ch kulowa minofu yam'mimba chimachepetsedwa. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kuti wodwala matenda ashuga apatse jakisoni pamimba. Kuti mupeze mankhwalawo moyenera, ndikofunikira kugwira chikwama cha khungu ndi chala chamanthu, ndikulowetsa singano mkati mwake ndikulowetsa mankhwalawo ndikakanikiza syringe plunger. Ndikwabwino kuchotsa singano osati nthawi yomweyo, koma pakapita masekondi angapo, ndiye kuti sipadzakhala hematoma. Ngati ululu wawona, sankhanibe, mwachitsanzo, "Koma Shpa". Ma syringe omwe atayika ndi singano yayifupi ndizothandiza kwambiri.Mukamagwiritsanso ntchito syringe, polymerization ya insulin ndi yokwera, mankhwalawo mwina sangathe kugwira ntchito.

Simungasakanize mankhwalawa kangapo pa mlingo umodzi, chifukwa zotsatira za jakisoni sizingachitike.

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Tsiku lotha ntchito

Kutengera ndi nthawi yochitapo kanthu, mitundu ingapo ya insulin imasiyanitsidwa - kuchokera ku ultrafast mpaka nthawi yayitali. Insulin yopanda kanthu imakhala yotchuka m'gulu la mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe akhala akuchita kwakanthawi. Sichimayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi jekeseni ndipo sikuti amayambitsa mavuto. Zithandizo zodziwika bwino zamtunduwu ndi Levemir, Lantus. Kwa odwala omwe akulephera kulolera jakisoni, amatanthauza njira zophatikizira, zomwe zimayamba pambuyo pa mphindi 30 ndipo zimatha mpaka maola 15. Mwambiri, pali mitundu inayi yayikulu ya insulin mwa nthawi ya activation:

Chifukwa chiyani osewera amatenga?

Insulin imathandizira kukulitsa bwino kwa maselo a thupi ndi michere yofunika.

Zotsatira za insulin

Homoni imakhala ndi zotsatirapo zitatu:

• anabolic
• anti-catabolic
• kagayidwe.

Chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa zochita zake, insulin imaperekedwa kwa anthu omwe akungoyamba kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Kuchita kwa timadzi timeneti kumatha kuchititsa kuti wosewera asaphedwe chifukwa chakudya kwake kosayenera.

Zotsatira za anabolic

Mphamvu iyi yagona pakulowerera kwake kogwiritsa ntchito ma amino acid ndimaselo a minofu. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri kwa maamino acid odziimira monga leucine ndi valine kumachitika.

Pazinthu zina zofunika kwambiri zotulukapo:

Pochizira mafupa, owerenga athu adagwiritsa ntchito DiabeNot bwino. Kuwona kutchuka kwa malonda, tidaganiza zoperekera chidwi chanu.

• Tizilombo toyambitsa mapuloteni, okhala ndi kusasitsa mkati mwa thupi,
• Kukonzanso kwa DNA
• kupereka mayendedwe mthupi la potaziyamu, phosphate ya magnesium,
• kuchuluka kwa mafuta acids ndi mayamwidwe ake mu chiwindi, adipose minofu,
• imathandizira kusintha kwa shuga mu zinthu zina organic.

Chowonera ndi chakuti thupi limayamba ntchito yolimbikitsa mafuta ngati pali insulin.

Zotsatira za anticatabolic ndi metabolic

Zomwe zimapangitsa anti-catabolic:

• mahomoni amachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa mamolekyulu,
• mafuta amawonongeka panjira pang'onopang'ono,
• chifukwa chakuchepa kwa kuwonongeka kwa mafuta, amalowa m'magazi m'miyeso yaying'ono.

Mphamvu ya kagayidwe kachakudya imathandizira kuti kagayidwe kazigawo kazigwira ntchito mthupi.

Makamaka, izi zimawonekera mu:

• kuyamwa kwamphamvu kwa glucose m'maselo amisempha,
• kutsegula kwa ma enzyme angapo omwe akukhudzidwa ndi okosijeni a shuga,
• imathandizira mapangidwe a glycogen ndi zinthu zina,
• kuchepetsa mapangidwe a shuga mu chiwindi.

Ubwino ndi kuipa

Ma mahoni oterewa ali ndi zabwino komanso zovuta zake.

Mndandanda wa zabwino ndi zoipa katundu:

Chochita chake chimakhala ndi maubwino anayi kuposa zovuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala zothandiza kwambiri popanga thupi.

Zotsatira zoyipa

Nthawi zambiri zotsatira zoyipa za insulin mu bodybuilders ndi hypoglycemia.

• thukuta lolemera
• kukokana m'miyendo
• zosokoneza m'mayendedwe a malo,
• mwanjira yakudziwona bwino
• mgwirizano wolakwika
• mawonekedwe akumanjala,
• mu mawonekedwe akukomoka.

Ndi zizindikiro izi, kudya shuga mwachangu m'njira iliyonse kumafunikira. Ndikokwanira kuti munthu azitha kudya maswiti. Ochita masewera omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa amayenera kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikuwasunga chimodzimodzi.

Nthawi zina, munthu akhoza kudwala insulin. Pakuwunika kwa othamanga pa kumwa mankhwala a insulin, kumachitika nthawi ndi nthawi nkhani zazing'ono zomwe zimayambitsa jakisoni.

Kuwongolera kwazinthu zazitali kwakanthawi kumayambitsa kuchepa kwa kapangidwe kake ndi kapamba wawo mwa anthu. Izi zimachitikanso chifukwa cha Mlingo wambiri wa mahomoni. Pazifukwa izi, othamanga saloledwa kuti apange jakisoni ndi insulin nthawi yayitali.

Maphunziro olandirira

Kodi kumwa insulin? Njira ya jakisoni wa insulin idapangidwa kwa mwezi umodzi kapena iwiri. Pambuyo pake, othamanga ayenera kupumula. Panthawi imeneyi, mahomoni ake omwe amapanga adzabwezeretsedwa m'thupi lake.

Ndi kuonetsetsa koyenera kwa boma kwa maphunziro okwanira mwezi uliwonse kapena miyezi iwiri yolumikizira amapeza 10 kg ya minofu.

Mukamamwa zinthu sizingadutse malire ake. Masana, mlingo waukulu wa magawo 20 a insulin amaloledwa. Kupitilira chizindikirochi kuli ndi zovuta zowopsa paumoyo waanthu.

Kulandila kwa hormone kumachitika molingana ndi malamulo:

• Zochita zilizonse zimayamba ndi kuchuluka kwa magawo a 1-2,
• Mlingo ukuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono popanda kuwonjezeka mwamphamvu maunitsi (ndizoletsedwa kuti musinthe kuchoka pamitundu iwiri mpaka 4 kapena kuposa),
• Mlingo wowonjezera pang'onopang'ono uyenera kutha pamagawo 20,
• kukhazikitsidwa kwa mankhwala opitilira 20 pa mankhwala oletsedwa masana ndi koletsedwa.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mahomoni m'magawo oyamba kumachitika ndikuwunika kwambiri thanzi lanu komanso shuga ya magazi.

Kwa mahomoni, zosankha zingapo zama pafupipafupi ake zimakhazikitsidwa:

• Amatengedwa tsiku lililonse
• jakisoni amachitika masiku onse awiri,
• jakisoni amachitika kawiri pa tsiku.

Mitundu yonse itatu ya maphunzirowa yololedwa. Iliyonse ya mitunduyi imasiyana mu kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi kutalika kwa maphunzirowo. Ndi kuvomereza tsiku ndi tsiku, nthawi ya maphunzirowa ilinso yoposa mwezi umodzi. Kutalika komweku kunakhazikitsidwa ndi jakisoni kawiri pa tsiku. Kosi ya miyezi iwiri ndiyabwino ngati womanga adzivulaza yekha ndi mahomoni tsiku lililonse.

Zowonjezera zina zabwino za jakisoni wa mahomoni mukangomaliza maphunziro zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwakukulu kwa shuga m'magazi. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumabweretsa hypoglycemia, zotsatira zake zimapangidwa ndi jakisoni wa insulin. Chifukwa cha zonsezi, wothamanga amapanga mwachangu timadzi tambiri timene timatulutsa minyewa.

Nthawi zina, sikulimbikitsidwa kuyambitsa zinthuzo mthupi.

Ngati maphunziro amaperekedwa tsiku lililonse, ndiye kuti njira yoyendetsera mankhwalawa ndi motere:

• tsiku lomwe sanaphunzire, jakisoni imachitika m'mawa asanadye chakudya cham'mawa,
• patsiku la maphunziro, jakisoni amapangidwa atangophunzitsidwa mphamvu,
• pa tsiku laulere, jakisoni wa mahomoni Actrapid, yemwe ali ndi kanthawi kochepa, amapatsidwa,
• pa tsiku la maphunziridwe - mahomoni a Novorapid, omwe ali ndi mphamvu ya ultrashort.

Mwatsatanetsatane pamalingaliro olandirira isulin pazinthu zakanema:

Kufunika kwa insulin kumawerengeredwa potengera kuchuluka kwake: gawo limodzi la mahomoni limafanana ndi magalamu 10 a chakudya.

Sizoletsedwa kupaka jekeseni musanayambe kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso pogona.Pambuyo pazinthu zomwe zatulutsidwa, wothamanga amafunikira kuchuluka kwamapuloteni ambiri ndi mafuta.