Thandizo loyamba la matenda ashuga: momwe mungathandizire ana ndi akulu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba 1?

Gulu la ambulansi, lomwe liyenera kuyitanidwa nthawi yomweyo ngati kuli koyenera, limapereka njira zotsatirazi zothandizira odwala mwadzidzidzi:

- kusintha kwa mtima

- kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa magazi mozungulira.

Chifukwa cha izi, ogwira ntchito zachipatala, popereka chithandizo choyambirira, amapaka wodwalayo mkatikati mwa yankho la isotonic sodium chloride. Nthawi yomweyo, mankhwala a insulin amachitika, omwe amapezeka pakukhazikitsa mlingo wa insulin kwa odwala kamodzi. Nthawi zina wodwala yemwe amadwala matenda a shuga amapatsidwa oxygen kudzera m'maski.

Pambuyo pa odwala matenda ashuga kuchipatala, madokotala amayamba kuyeseza magazi a shuga, sodium, potaziyamu, phosphorous, chlorine, calcium, bicarbonates, magnesium, urea, nitrogen yotsalira komanso yonse.

Pa nthawi yoyesedwa, kulimbana ndi acidosis kumapitilira (chifukwa ichi, m'mimba mumatsukidwa ndi yankho la sopo). Ngati kuthamanga kwa magazi kumawonedwa, ndiye kuti ma intravenous makonzedwe a mankhwala a mahomoni - hydrocortisone kapena prednisolone iyamba. Ngati vutoli ndi lalikulu kwambiri, ipatseni magazi aoperekayo ndi madzi a m'magazi.

Matenda a shuga - matenda osachiritsika omwe amadziwika ndi kuphwanya kapangidwe ka insulin komanso zomwe zimayambitsa kuphwanya mitundu yonse ya kagayidwe kachakudya, makamaka kagayidwe kazakudya. Gulu la WHO la matenda ashuga mu 1980:

1. Mtundu wodalira insulini - 1 mtundu.

2. Mtundu wosadzimira-insulin-mtundu wachiwiri.

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga umafala kwambiri mwa achinyamata, lembani matenda ashuga a 2 anthu achikulire ndi okalamba.

Mu shuga mellitus, zomwe zimayambitsa ndi zomwe zimayambitsa chiopsezo ndizophatikizana kwambiri kotero kuti nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kusiyanitsa. Chimodzi mwamavuto omwe ali pachiwopsezo ndi cholowa chamtundu wa chibadwa chachiwiri (matenda amtundu wa 2 shuga ndiosavomerezeka), kunenepa kwambiri, kuperewera kwa chakudya, kupsinjika, matenda kapamba, komanso zinthu zoopsa zimathandizanso kwambiri. makamaka mowa, matenda a endocrine ziwalo zina.

Anamwino odwala matenda ashuga:

Mavuto odwala:

Zomwe zilipo (zenizeni):

- Kuyabwa pakhungu. khungu lowuma:

- kufooka, kutopa, kuchepa kowoneka bwino,

- kupweteka m'malo otsika,

- kufunafuna kutsatira chakudya nthawi zonse,

- kufunikira kosalekeza kwa insulin kapena kumwa mankhwala antidiabetes (maninil, shuga, amaryl, etc.),

- kuchiritsa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa mabala, kuphatikiza omwe amakhala othandizira.

Mayeso Odwala:

- khungu, chinyezi cha pakhungu, kupezeka kwa zipsera:

- kutsimikiza thupi:

- kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi,

- kutsimikiza kwa zimachitika pa radial mtsempha wamagazi ndi mitsempha ya kumbuyo kwake.

Zinthu zadzidzidzi za matenda ashuga:

Hypoglycemic state. Hypoglycemic chikomokere.

- Mankhwala osokoneza bongo a insulin kapena mapiritsi a antidiabetes.

- Kuperewera kwa zakudya m'zakudya.

- Zakudya zosakwanira kapena kudumpha zakudya pambuyo povomerezeka ndi insulin.

- Zochita zolimbitsa thupi.

Mikhalidwe ya Hypoglycemic imawonetsedwa ndikumva njala yayikulu, thukuta, miyendo yanjenjemera, kufooka kwakukulu. Ngati mkhalidwewu sunayime, ndiye kuti zizindikiro za hypoglycemia zidzakulirakulira: kunjenjemera kumakulirakulira, kusokonezeka m'malingaliro, kupweteka mutu, chizungulire, kuwona kawiri, kuda nkhawa, mantha, kuchita zamtopola ndipo wodwalayo amagwa kukomoka.

Zizindikiro za hypoglycemic chikomokere: wodwalayo sadziwa kanthu, wotumbululuka, palibe fungo la acetone kuchokera mkamwa. Khungu limanyowa, thukuta lakuzizira kwambiri, kamvekedwe ka minofu kachulukitsidwa, kupuma kumasulidwa. kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi kukoka kwake sikusintha, kamvekedwe ka mawonekedwe amaso sikasinthidwa. Pakuyesedwa kwa magazi, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumakhala m'munsi 3.3 mmol / L. mulibe shuga mkodzo.
Zodzithandiza nokha ndi gulu la hypoglycemic:

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti poyamba zisonyezo za hypoglycemia muzidya shuga 4-5, kapena kumwa tiyi wotsekemera, kapena kumwa mapiritsi 10 a glucose a 0 ga 1, kapena kumwa magawo atatu a shuga 40%, kapena kudya maswiti ochepa (caramel ndibwino )
Chithandizo choyamba cha matenda a hypoglycemic:

- Apatseni wodwalayo khola lakhazikika.

- Ikani zidutswa ziwiri za shuga patsaya lomwe wodwalayo wagona.

- Apatseni mwayi wolowera.

Konzani mankhwala:

- 40 ndi 5% shuga yankho. 0,9% sodium chloride solution, prednisone (amp.),

hydrocortisone (amp.), glucagon (amp.).

Hyperglycemic (matenda ashuga, ketoacidotic).

Zifukwa:
- Musamwe insulin yokwanira.

- Kuphwanya zakudya (chakudya chamafuta ambiri).

Harbinger: ludzu lochulukirapo, polyuria. kusanza, kusowa kudya, kusawona bwino, kugona kwambiri modabwitsa, kusokonekera ndikotheka.
Zizindikiro za chikomokere: chikumbumtima sichikupezeka, kununkhira kwa mkamwa kuchokera pakamwa, kuchepa kwa khungu, kupuma mwamphamvu, kutsika kwa minofu kamvekedwe - ma "eye" ofewa. Pulse-ngati, kuthamanga kwa magazi kumatsitsidwa. Pakuwunika kwa magazi - hyperglycemia, pakuwunika mkodzo - glucosuria, matupi a ketone ndi acetone.
Kukhazikika kwa chikomicho kuoneka, nthawi yomweyo funsani kwa endocrinologist kapena mudzamuyimbire kunyumba. Ndi zizindikiro za kukomoka kwa hyperglycemic, kuyimbira mwachangu.
Thandizo loyamba:

- Apatseni wodwalayo khola lolimba (kupewa kuti lilime lisakutulutsidwe,

- Tengani mkodzo ndi catheter kuti muzindikire msanga shuga ndi acetone.

- Apatseni mwayi wolowera.

- wosakhalitsa - insulin - actropide (fl.),

- 0,9% sodium chloride solution (fl.), 5% glucose solution (fl.),

- mtima glycosides, mtima othandizira

Tsiku Lonjezedwa: 2017-02-25, Views: 1077 | Kuphwanya lamulo laumwini

Momwe mungathandizire odwala ashuga?

Wodwala akayamba kuchepa kwambiri m'magazi a shuga m'magazi, ndiye kuti kunjenjemera kumaonekera m'thupi, chizungulire chachikulu chimayamba. Ndi matenda akulu kwambiri, matendawo amatha kuwona. Pambuyo poyeza shuga m'magazi, ndikutsimikizira kutsika kwake, munthu ayenera kupatsa chakudya.

Njira yosavuta yochitira izi ndi kudzera muzakudya zomwe zimaphatikizapo chakudya cham'mimba mosavuta. Ikhoza kukhala ndudu ya shuga woyengeka, uchi pang'ono, madzi. Mutha kupatsa mankhwala ndi shuga kapena kupaka jakisoni nawo.

Ndi matenda a shuga a 2, mutatha kuchita izi, muyenera kuwongolera shuga m'magazi pambuyo pazochita zonse kuti muwonjezere. Mu vuto lomwe likufunika, muyenera kuilamulira ola lililonse.

Thandizo loyamba liyenera kuperekedwa pakagwa mwadzidzidzi. Mwachitsanzo, ngati munthu wagwera pamsewu, simuyenera kuti mumamuzindikira kuti ndi chidakwa, kapena munthu wina yemwe amadziimba mlandu kapena chinthu china. Ndizotheka kuti mawonekedwe ake adakhazikitsidwa ndi matenda oopsa. Pofuna kutaya chikumbumtima, ndikofunikira kuyimbira dokotala.

Muzochita zamankhwala, shuga owonjezera amatchedwa hyperglycemia, ndipo kuchepa kwake kumatchedwa hypoglycemia. Hyperglycemia amadziwika ndi izi:

• Pakamwa pakamwa.
• Kukodza pafupipafupi.
• Munthu amakhala ndi njala nthawi zonse.
• Zowonongeka.
• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
• Kuukira mseru, kupanda chidwi ndi kufooka.

Hypoglycemia, i.e kuchepa kwambiri m'magazi a glucose, kumayambitsa kukoka kwa mtima, kufooka, kugona, chizungulire komanso kupweteka kwa mutu. Zovuta pamaso, mgwirizano wa magawo umasweka.

Nthawi zina, kutsika kwakukulu kwa shuga kumatha kudziwika ndi kusangalala kwamanjenje, kuda nkhawa komanso kusangalala, komanso kuchokera kunja, machitidwe a munthu wotereyu amatha kuoneka kuti ndi yosayenera.

Thandizo loyamba

Chithandizo choyamba cha matenda a shuga 1 ndikuchepa kwa glucose m'thupi la munthu. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito kuyambitsa mlingo wocheperako wa mahomoni. Monga lamulo, zimasiyanasiyana magawo awiri kapena awiri.

Pakapita kanthawi kochepa, shuga amayenera kuyesedwa. Ngati Zizindikiro sizinasinthe, amafunika kuyambitsa mtundu wina wa insulini kuti muchepetse zovuta komanso chitukuko cha hypoglycemia.

Ngati wodwala ali ndi mbiri ya matenda amtundu 1, ndiye kuti kusanza sikuti chifukwa cha matendawo. Choyamba, zisonyezo za shuga zimazindikira popanda kulephera, ndipo pokhapokha poti jakisoni aperekedwe.

Ngati wodwalayo wayamba kusanza kwambiri, ndiye kuti matendawa akuwopseza kuchepa madzi m'thupi, motero tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ambiri momwe tingathere:

1. Madzi amchere amathandizira kupanga kuchepa kwa mchere m'thupi.
2. Tiyi
3. Madzi opanda phokoso.

Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti ndikasanza kwambiri ana omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, thandizo liyenera kuperekedwa munthawi yake. Kupanda kutero, chiopsezo chokhala ndi zovuta zotheka chikuwonjezeka, motero, padzakhala chithandizo chautali.

Amadziwika kuti poyerekeza ndi mtundu wa 1 komanso mtundu wa 2 wa matenda a shuga, bala limakhala lochira pang'onopang'ono mwa odwala. Kodi ndi matenda ati a shuga omwe ayenera kukhala nawo pamenepa? Muyenera kuchita izi:

• Chiritsani bala ndi mankhwala antiseptic.
• Ikani chovala cha gauze chomwe chimasinthidwa katatu patsiku.
• Kupatula kuphwanya kayendedwe ka magazi, sikapangidwa mwamphamvu kwambiri.

Mu malo omwe mabala amangowonjezereka, njira zoyeretsa zimawonedwa, ndiye kuti mafuta odzola ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito omwe amachepetsa ululu ndi kutupa, amathandizira kutulutsa madzi ochulukirapo kuchokera kudera lomwe lakhudzidwalo.

Diabetes ketoacidosis: momwe mungathandizire?

Matenda ashuga ketoacidosis ndi zovuta zamagulu oyambira ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa shuga m'magazi. Matendawa amakula chifukwa chakuti thupi limasowa insulin, ndipo izi zimachitika motsutsana ndi maziko a matenda, kuvulala, kapena pambuyo pa opareshoni.

Vutoli limathanso kuchitika chifukwa chothana ndi matenda ashuga, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi matenda amtundu 1.

Mu mawonekedwe awa, shuga amawonjezeka kwambiri mthupi, pamakhala kusowa kwa mphamvu komwe thupi limatulutsa kuchokera pakuwonongeka kwamafuta acid. Zotsatira zake, matupi a ketone amapangidwa omwe amakhala ndi poizoni.

Zizindikiro za izi:

1. Kuwonjezeka kowopsa kwa shuga m'thupi.
2. Mutu.
3. Khungu louma kwambiri.
4. Pikodzo limanunkhira moyipa.
5. Kuukira mseru, kumayambitsa kusanza.
6. Zowawa m'mimba.

Pankhaniyi, thandizo loyambirira liyenera kukhala ndi cholinga chodzaza kuchepa kwamadzi m'thupi la wodwalayo. Ku chipatala, mankhwala amathandizidwa kudzera mwa dontho.

Pambuyo poti achipatala azindikire kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi, omwe amathira glucose amalimbikitsidwa.

Chithandizo cha mwana ndi chachikulire chimapitilira mpaka matupi a ketone atazimiririka.

Kuthandizira kudwala matenda ashuga

Matenda a shuga ndi vuto lalikulu la matenda osokoneza bongo, monga lamulo, woyamba, ndipo osati wachiwiri wamatenda omwe amakhudzidwa ndi izi. Zimachitika chifukwa cha shuga wambiri m'magazi a insulin yotsika.

Malinga ndi lingaliro lomwe anthu ambiri amavomereza, kudwala matenda ashuga ndikowonjezereka kwa shuga m'magazi. Koma kwenikweni, ndi hypoglycemic, hyperosmolar, ndi ketoacidotic.

Mkhalidwe wa hypoglycemic nthawi zambiri umawonedwa mwa odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda, ngakhale zimachitikanso mwa odwala omwe amamwa mapiritsi. Nthawi zambiri, kukula kwa izi kumachitika pambuyo pa kuwonjezeka kwakuthwa kwa mahomoni m'thupi. Kuopsa kwa vutoli kukuwonongeka ku ubongo ndi ku ubongo.

Kusamalira mwadzidzidzi matenda a shuga pankhaniyi ndi motere:

• Kwa zizindikiro zofatsa: mankhwala abwino kwambiri ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono ka shuga.
• Zizindikiro zazikulu: tsanulira tiyi wokoma mtima kwa wodwalayo kuti muchepetse kupindika kwa nsagwada, ikani zodzikongoletsera, kutengera kusintha, kudyetsa wodwalayo chakudya chochuluka.

Pambuyo patali kuti tisiye kukhudzana kwa thupi pakokha, ndikofunikira kukaonana ndi dokotala. Odwala ambiri ali ndi chidwi, koma kodi ndizotheka kuti musaonane ndi dokotala, chifukwa zovuta zapita? Ayi, ndizosatheka, chifukwa ndi dokotala yemwe angathandize kuyambitsa zomwe zimayambitsa kupsinjika kotero, ndikusintha chithandizo china.

Ngati chithokomiro cha hyperglycemic chayamba chifukwa cha kusazindikira, koma simungathe kuchita popanda kuchipatala mwachangu. Ndikofunikira kuyimbira madokotala posachedwa, ndipo nthawi ino, perekani kwa 40-50 ml ya glucose kudzera m'mitsempha.

Kuthandiza ndi hyperosmolar coma:

1. Muzigoneka molondola.
2. Musachotse lilime.
3. Sinthani kuthamanga kwa magazi.
4. Mitsempha yoyeserera ya shuga (osapitirira 20 ml).

Ngati kuledzera kwamphamvu kumawonedwa, gulu la ambulansi liyenera kuyitanidwa.

Kodi munthu wopanda maphunziro azachipatala amatha kudziwa mtundu wa matenda a shuga? Mwinanso sichoncho, ngati m'modzi miliyoni akuganiza, palibe china. Chifukwa chake, pali malamulo ena othandizira omwe angatsatidwe ndi mawonekedwe osakhazikika:

• Itanani madotolo.
• Jakisoni wa mahomoni m'matumbo kuwonjezera pa waukulu.
• Kuchulukitsa Mlingo wa insulin m'mawa.
• Zakudya zamagulu owonjezera a calline, chotsani kudya mafuta.
• Ndi chisokonezo, kugwiritsa ntchito enema yokhala ndi yankho lochokera pa koloko yowotcha kungakuthandizeni.
• Apatseni madzi amchere a shuga.

Pakakhala mabanja m'mabanja omwe ali ndi mbiri ya matenda ashuga, aliyense m'banjamo ayenera kudziwa malamulo othandizira oyamba. Kudziwa izi sikungathandize kuti pakhale zovuta, kuthetsa mavuto, ndikupulumutsa wodwala.

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda osachiritsika, omwe, mwatsoka, sagwira ntchito. Koma ndi njira yoyenera yamankhwala, kuwona malingaliro onse a adotolo, kutsatira zakudya zofunikira, wodwala matenda ashuga amatha kukhala moyo wonse osawopa zovuta.

Kodi abale anu akudziwa njira zomwe ayenera kutsatira ngati thandizo loyamba la matenda ashuga?

Malamulo oyambira a shuga

Pali malamulo angapo omwe anthu odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kutsatira.

Izi zikuphatikiza:

• Nthawi zonse muziyezera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kuwaletsa kuti asasinthe kapena kutsika. Nthawi iliyonse masana, glucometer iyenera kukhala pafupi.
• Tiyeneranso kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa cholesterol: panthawi ya shuga, magazi amatuluka m'matumbo ndi ma capillaries. Ndi shuga wambiri, kuwonjezereka kwa cholesterol ndikotheka, zotengera zimayamba kupindika, kusweka. Izi zimathandizira kuwonongeka kapena kuchepa kwa magazi, kugunda kwa mtima kapena sitiroko kumachitika.
• Kamodzi pa miyezi isanu iliyonse, glycosylated hemoglobin imawunikiridwa. Zotsatira zake ziwonetsa kuchuluka kwa chiphuphu cha matenda ashuga panthawi yomwe yaperekedwa.
• Mu shuga mellitus, wodwalayo ayenera kudziwa momwe algorithm amathandizira kuti athe kupereka chithandizo chodzidzimutsa kwa iye komanso anthu ena.

Zonsezi zimachitika pofuna kupewa zovuta za matenda.

Zochita za matenda ashuga

Kwa matenda amtundu wa shuga 1, thandizo loyamba limatanthawuza kuchepetsa shuga. Pachifukwa ichi, mulingo wocheperako (mayunitsi 1-2) a mahormoni amaperekedwa.

Pakapita kanthawi, zisonyezo zimayezedwanso. Ngati zotsatira zake sizinayende bwino, mlingo wina wa insulin umaperekedwa. Kuthandizidwa ndi matenda a shuga kumathandizira kuthetsa zovuta komanso kupezeka kwa hypoglycemia.

Ngati wodwala wodwala matenda a shuga a 2 achulukitsa kwambiri shuga, ndiye kuti ayenera kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga omwe wodwala amapita. Ngati zizindikiro zitatha pang'ono ola limodzi, ndikulimbikitsidwa kumwanso. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuyimba ambulansi ngati wodwala akuvutika kwambiri.

Nthawi zina, kusanza kwambiri kumachitika, komwe kumayambitsa kusowa kwamadzi. Thandizo loyamba la matenda a shuga amtundu 1 komanso mtundu wa 2 ndikuwonetsetsa kuti amamwa pafupipafupi komanso mochuluka. Simungamwe madzi oyera okha, komanso tiyi.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kubwezeretsa mchere wofunikira m'thupi ndi rehydron kapena sodium chloride. Zokonzekera zimagulidwa ku malo ogulitsa mankhwala ndikukonzekera vutoli molingana ndi malangizo.

Ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 komanso matenda a shuga a 2, mabala a pakhungu samachira. Ngati alipo, chisamaliro chadzidzidzi chimaphatikizapo izi:

• mankhwala a bala
• ikani bandeji ya gauze (imasinthidwa katatu patsiku).

Bandeji sayenera kukhala yolimba kwambiri, apo ayi, magaziwo amasokonezeka.

Ngati chilondacho chikukula, kutulutsa kwatsukidwe kumawonekera, mafuta apadera ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Amachepetsa ululu ndi kutupa, amachotsa madzimadzi.

Kuthandiza ndi matenda ashuga kumaphatikizanso kuwongolera acetone mu mkodzo. Imayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe zoyeserera. Iyenera kuchotsedwa mthupi, kuganizira mozama kumayambitsa matenda a matenda ashuga, kenako opha. Kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa acetone idyani 2 tsp. uchi ndi kutsukidwa ndimadzi.

Thandizo loyamba la hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia ndi matenda omwe shuga amakwera kwambiri (pomwe hypoglycemia amatanthauza kuchepa kwa shuga). Vutoli limatha kuchitika chifukwa chophwanya malamulo a mankhwalawa kapena kusatsatira zakudya zapadera.

Kuchitapo kanthu kwa matenda ashuga kumayamba ndi kuwonekera kwa zizindikiro zake:

• kumverera kwa ludzu
• kukodza pafupipafupi
• njala yosalekeza
• kusakhazikika
• kusabala
• nseru
• kusintha kwa kaonedwe kathu.

Thandizo loyamba la hyperglycemia limakhala yochepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga: jakisoni wa insulini (osapitirira 2) amaperekedwa. Pambuyo maola 2, muyeso wachiwiri umapangidwa. Ngati ndi kotheka, magulu ena owonjezera a 2 amaperekedwa.

Kuthandizidwa ndi matenda ashuga kukupitirirabe mpaka shuga itakhazikika. Ngati sanasamalidwe koyenera, wodwalayo amayamba kudwala matenda ashuga.

Thandizani ndi vuto la thyrotoxic

Ndi chithandizo chopanda opaleshoni yopanda radical, vuto la chithokomiro limayamba, ndikupangitsa kuti afe.

Thandizo loyamba la matenda ashuga limayamba atayamba kudziwa zizindikiro:

• wolimba mtima,
• phokoso mokhumudwa
• kusowa kwamadzi
• kufooka
• khungu
• kupuma pafupipafupi
• kuchuluka kwa mavuto.

Zizindikiro za vuto la thyrotoxic zikuwoneka, chithandizo choyamba cha matenda ashuga chimaphatikizapo njira zotsatirazi:

• kumwa mankhwala a thyrostatic,
• Pambuyo pa maola 2-3, mankhwala omwe amapezeka ayodini ndi shuga amaperekedwa.

Pambuyo pakuwoneka kuti mukufuna, Merkazolil ndi Lugol solution amagwiritsidwa ntchito katatu patsiku.

Momwe mungachepetse chiopsezo cha zovuta

Ndi mishuga yambiri, zovuta zotsatirazi nthawi zambiri zimabuka.

Kuti achepetse zovuta zilizonse, amawunika kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndipo kusuta kuyenera kuyimikiranso.

Kupewa ndi malingaliro

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kutsatira njira zopewera.

Izi zikuphatikiza:

• Muzipima shuga pafupipafupi. Monga tanenera, mita nthawi zonse iyenera kukhala pafupi.
• Unikani thupi lonse pachaka.
• Tsatirani malangizo a dokotala.
• Tsatirani zakudya zoyenera. Pewani zakudya zotsekemera, idyani masamba ambiri, zipatso, phala. Kuphatikiza apo, magawo azikhala ochepa.
• Imwani madzi akumwa oyera ambiri. Zakumwa zokoma za kaboni sizothandiza, zimangowonjezera shuga.
• Kuchepetsa thupi. Ndi mawonekedwe a mapaundi owonjezera, muyenera kutsatira zakudya komanso zolimbitsa thupi.
• Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi momwe mungathere. Simuyenera kuchita nawo masewera akulu. Kungolipiritsa pang'ono tsiku lililonse ndikokwanira.
• Pewani zochitika zovuta. Yesetsani kuti musamacheze ndi anthu osasangalatsa, kuti mudzikhazikitse nokha pazabwino.
• Kugona ndikupumula kuyenera kukhala kwathunthu.
• Pewani zizolowezi zoipa (mowa, kusuta, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo).

Ana nawonso atenga matendawa. Makolo ali ndi thayo la thanzi la mwana, motero ayenera:

• pereka chithandizo choyamba kwa odwala matenda ashuga,
• kutha kuyimilira pawokha popanda shuga, kuwongolera zizindikiro,
• phunzirani momwe mungawerengere kuchuluka kwa insulin, kutengera zaka komanso zizindikiro,
• sinthani mwana chakudya,
• apatseni mwana magawo azamasewera,
• kambiranani za matendawa ndi utsogoleri wa a chekeke kapena sukulu,
• kuti mudziwe momwe mungadzipulumutsire nokha komanso popanda kupweteka.

Ndi matenda a shuga panthawi ya pakati, madokotala amapereka malingaliro otsatirawa:

• kuyeza kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi kupanikizana ndi koloko,
• kutsatira zakudya, idyani pang'ono,
• imwani folic acid ndi potaziyamu iodide,
• Mankhwala ambiri amatsutsana panthawi yomwe muli ndi pakati, kotero muyenera kukambirana ndi dokotala kuti ndi ati omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa matenda a shuga.
• Funsani katswiri wa zamankhwala wokhudza retinopathy.

Njira izi ziyenera kutsatidwa moyo wonse. Thanzi la wodwalayo zimadalira ntchito zake, wodwala matenda ashuga azitha kupereka thandizo nthawi zonse pamlingo wamagulu alionse a shuga (okwera ndi otsika). Chisamaliro chodzidzimutsa chiyenera kuyitanidwa nthawi yomweyo chifukwa cha matenda a shuga, chifukwa kuchedwa pang'ono kungawononge moyo.

Mawu ochepa onena za matenda ashuga

Matenda a dongosolo la endocrine lomwe limagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuperewera kwenikweni kapena kuperewera kwa kapangidwe ka insulin (mahomoni opangidwa ndi kapamba) amatchedwa shuga mellitus. Kuwonetsera kwakukulu kwa vutoli kumalumikizidwa ndi kusokonezeka kwa metabolic. Izi zikutanthauza chakudya chamafuta, mafuta ndi mapuloteni.

Matenda a shuga amapezeka m'mitundu iwiri:

• Type I - shuga wodalira insulin. Nthawi zambiri chithunzicho chimadziwonetsa ubwana kapena unyamata. Zikondazo zimasiya kutulutsa kuchuluka kwa insulin, ma cell amasiya kuyamwa glucose, ndipo amadziunjikira m'magazi. Odwala amachepetsa thupi kwambiri, chifukwa thupi limayesetsa kupeza mphamvu kuchokera ku mafuta. Chifukwa cha mapangidwe a matupi a ketone, zovuta zambiri zimatulukira, mpaka kukomoka kwa hyperglycemic com kapena ketoacinosis.
• Mtundu Wachiwiri - matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira insulin. Matenda amtunduwu ndiofala, amakhala ochulukirapo m'badwo wakale (pambuyo pa zaka 40) komanso mwa anthu onenepa kwambiri. Mwanjira imeneyi, insulin yokwanira imapangidwa, koma ma cell amakhala osaganizira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi.

Matenda a shuga amtundu uliwonse amachititsa zovuta zingapo mu mtima ndi m'mitsempha yamagazi mwa odwala. Zitha kupangitsa kuti kuchepa kwa masomphenya, kusokonezeka kwa chidwi, matenda a impso, zovuta za matenda opatsirana komanso ngakhale kupweteka. Thandizo loyamba la matenda ashuga ndi zida zina zomwe zingapulumutse moyo wa wodwala. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa mfundo zoyambira monga shuga wamagazi, hyperglycemia, ndi zina zambiri.

Kodi “shuga” amatanthauza chiyani?

Nthawi zina pamzere wa mayeso mumatha kumva kuti munthu walembedwa mayeso a shuga. Izi zikutanthauza kuti wodwala amatsimikiza ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Mayeso otere nthawi zambiri amawerengedwa pa mayeso kwa anthu athanzi kuti athe kuzindikira vuto lomwe lingachitike. Nthawi zambiri, mwa anthu, kuchuluka kwa glucose kumagwera pakati pa 3.5 mpaka 6.1 mmol / L. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa glucose kukwera mwa munthu wathanzi, kapamba amatulutsa gawo lina la insulini ndikubwezeretsanso glucose kukula kwake.

Kodi chiwopsezo chotani pakukula kwa glucose kwa munthu wodwala matenda ashuga?

Mtundu wa shuga wa Type I, thupi silingafanane ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose, popeza insulin siipangidwa. Mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga, maselo amataya ma cell omwe amatha kulumikizana ndi insulin, komanso sangathenso kusintha shuga. Izi zikutanthauza kuti wodwala amatha kukhala ndi hyperglycemia, ndipo adzafunika chisamaliro chodzidzimutsa. Mu shuga mellitus, ndikofunikira kuwunika pafupipafupi kuchuluka kwa shuga kuti muchepetse kuwonongeka.

Mitundu ya Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia imagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri:

1. "Njala", momwe shuga lamwazi limaposa 7.2 mmol / L. Matendawa amakula ngati wodwala matenda ashuga sanadye chakudya chilichonse kwa maola 8.
2. Postprandial, momwe shuga imaposa 10 mmol / L. Mungamupatse chakudya chambiri.

Mitundu yonse iwiri ya hyperglycemia imatha kuwononga mitsempha ndi mitsempha ya magazi, imalepheretsa kugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo zamkati ndikutsogolera kukula kwa ketoacidosis (mtundu 1 shuga) kapena hyperosomolar coma (mtundu 2 shuga). M'njira zonsezi, wodwalayo adzafunika kuchipatala.

Zizindikiro za infipient hyperglycemia

Chithandizo choyamba cha matenda a shuga chimafuna kuti munthu azitha kuzindikira zizindikiro zoyambirira za hyperglycemia:

• Wodwala ali ndi ludzu. Amamwa kwambiri, koma saledzera.
• Ngati munthu wodwala matenda ashuga wayamba kupita kuchimbudzi, ndiye kuti muyenera kuyang'anira izi.
• Pali kumverera kwofooka.
• Mutu kwanthawi yayitali.
• Wodwala amakhala ndi khungu loyang'ana khungu ndipo mawonekedwe ake amatsika.
• Pali kumverera kwa kamwa yowuma.
• Wodwalayo amasintha.
• Munthu wodwala matenda ashuga amatha kukhala wopanda nkhawa, ndipo miyendo ndi manja zimachepa.

Zizindikiro zonsezi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchepa kwa mchere wama ayoni omwe amasiya thupi ndi mkodzo.

Kuperewera kwa insulin kumabweretsa kuti mafuta acids amapita ndi oxidation yosakwanira, kudziunjikira matupi a ketone ndi acetone m'thupi. Matendawa amatchedwa acidosis. Kukula kwa acidosis kudutsa magawo atatu:

• kuchuluka kwa acidosis,
• mkhalidwe
• chikomokere.

Momwe mungachitire ndi hyperglycemia

Thandizo loyamba la matenda a shuga lingafunike ngati zizindikiro zikuwonetsa kuwonjezeka kwa shuga. Choyamba muyenera kumveketsa kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi glucometer wanyumba. Chida ichi sichingawoneke molondola pofufuza, koma chimakupatsani mwayi wodziyang'ana nokha. Ngati kuchuluka kwa glucose kumachokera 14 mmol / l ndikukwera, ndiye kuti ali ndi fomu yodalira insulini (mtundu 1), insulin iyenera kubayidwa.

Pambuyo pa jekeseni, muyenera kumwa madzi ambiri, ndikatha mphindi 90. Yambitsaninso mayesowo ndi mita mita. Ngati shuga sanatsike, ndiye kuti muyenera kulumikizana ndi chipatala.

Ndi isanayambike hyperglycemia, kuchuluka kwa acetone mthupi kumachulukirachulukira, yesetsani kutsuka m'mimba ndi yankho la sopo losalimba. Ganizirani kuti ndikofunika kupatsa madzi mchere wambiri wodwala matenda ashuga kuti achulukitse acidity. Mutha kupereka njira yofooka ya koloko. Ngati muwona kuti wodwala matenda ashuga akhumudwa, mutha kuthira madzi mwamphamvu. Munthu akhoza kutsamira. Patsani wodwala mtendere, koma yang'anirani momwe alili.

Precoma siteji

Kodi mungamvetse bwanji kuti munthu walowa mu gawo la precoma ngati wapezeka ndi matenda a shuga? Kusamalira mwadzidzidzi mwanjira imeneyi, ngati kuperekedwa munthawi yake, kungakupulumutseni ku vuto lothina, motero muyenera kumvetsera kwa wodwalayo.

Kupita pa gawo la precoma, wodwalayo amakhalabe ozindikira. Idzakhala cholepheretsa, koma osataya kuyang'ana kwake munthawi ndi malo. Adzayankha mafunso monosyllabic zokhuza moyo wabwino. Khungu limakhala louma komanso loyipa. Manja ndi miyendo izikhala yozizira kukhudza. Cyanosis iwoneka pamilomo, iwuma ndipo iwayamba kusweka. Lilime wokutidwa ndi utoto wofiirira. Kuti muthandizire wodwalayo, muyenera kubaya insulini, kumwa zakumwa zambiri ndikuitanira gulu ladzidzidzi. Nthawi ikakusowa, wodwalayo amagwa.

Hypoglycemic mkhalidwe wa shuga

Chithandizo choyamba cha matenda a shuga chitha kufunikira osati kokha chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga, komanso chifukwa cha kuchepa kwake m'magazi. Matendawa amatchedwa hypoglycemia. Vutoli limadza ngati kuchuluka kwa mankhwala a insulin kapena mankhwala ochepetsa shuga. Zimachitikanso ngati wodwalayo apaka insulin ndipo sanadye pambuyo pake.

Zizindikiro za hypoglycemia zimachuluka mwachangu kwambiri. Pali mutu, kumva njala, thukuta, manja akunjenjemera komanso kugunda kwamtima. Panthawi ya hypoglycemia, anthu amakhala ankhanza.

Kuthandizidwa ndi matenda a shuga pamene wodwala ali mu vuto la hypoglycemic akuwonetsedwa ndikupereka chakumwa chotsekemera kapena zakudya zazakudya zamafuta othamanga (uchi, maswiti, mkate woyera ndi zina zotero). Wodwalayo akasiya kuzindikira, ndiye kuti mwapempha thandizo kuchipatala.

Odwala omwe amapezeka ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kukhala ndi luso lodziletsa. Adzakhala ndi chithandizo chamoyo wawo wonse, ndipo ndikofunikira kutsatira bwino zomwe dokotala wanena. Kuthandiza ndi kuthandiza okondedwa athu odwala matenda ashuga ndikofunika kwambiri.