22 November, 2024
    Amasanthula

    Kuwerengera konse kwa magazi kuchokera mu mtsempha kapena chala

    Ngakhale pali kusiyana pakati pa magazi a venous ndi capillary, mu shuga mellitus, chinthu chimodzi chokha chomwe chimawunika - kuchuluka kwa magazi kwa mitsempha (yachibadwa kapena yam'magazi).

    Koma phunziroli silokwanira - limangopereka lingaliro lokhazikika, mulingo wamba panthawi yomwe magazi amayenda kudzera m'mitsempha.

    Nthawi yomweyo, kusanthula kwa zala kumawonetsa shuga zomwe zili m'matumbo, omwe ali cholinga chomaliza cha kuyenda kwa shuga - apa adya.

    Zizindikiro za kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi

    Zizindikiro za hyperglycemia (shuga wowonjezera wamagazi, ndendende, shuga) ndizizindikiro zakunja ndi zamkati.

    Zizindikiro zoyambirira zakunja zimaphatikizapo kuwonjezeka mwatsatanetsatane:

    • kumverera kwanjala (kukhala osalolera),
    • ludzu (kusakhutira)
    • kukodza pafupipafupi
    • kuchepa thupi (kuchepa thupi), ngakhale mutakhala ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi pafupipafupi.

    Chimodzi mwazizindikiro ndi kupukusira kwa mkodzo komwe kumatsalira zovala zamkati, pomwe zouma, zimasintha utoto kuti uziyeretsa, koma madera okhala ndi mawonekedwe (ngati zovala zimavalidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, akuti "yauma ngati kola"). Ndipo ndikangoyesa kuyesa chilankhulo (omwe amachiritsa kale), ndiye kuti adzapeza kukoma.

    Zosintha kuchokera ku dongosolo lamanjenje ndi zopindika (khungu ndi mucous membranes) ndizofunikira. Zoyambirira ndikusintha kwamalingaliro (chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa ubongo), makamaka kuchokera kumbali yamawonedwe. Uku ndikuwoneka bwino, kuwonekera kwa chithunzicho, maonekedwe a kuyabwa, kupweteka, "mchenga m'maso" m'magawo oyamba a hyperglycemia - ndi kutayika kwa malo owoneka, kupezeka kwa matsenga ndi khungu lakumaso kwathunthu.

    Psyche imasintha, wodwalayo amakhala:

    • wamanjenje
    • wosakwiya
    • chogwira
    • wamisodzi
    • kutopa kopanda nzeru (mpaka pakutha kwathunthu).

    Kusokonezeka kwa minofu ya minyewa kumayambitsa kusintha kwa kumva kwa khungu (kuchokera ku kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwake kukhala "kusakhazikika kwamatabwa"), makamaka kuyabwa kwa wodwala pakhungu lake makamaka m'malo achitepe (kumapeto, malo oyandikira).

    Chifukwa cha kuvutika kwakutali kwa chakudya chamafuta, kusintha kwachulukidwe kamtundu wa mucous kumachitika:

    • kulanda (ming'alu pakamwa pakamwa),
    • zotupa zapamwamba kapena zakuya kwambiri (mpaka zotupa) pamlomo wamkamwa,
    • yotsogola kapena yotulutsa ziphuphu.

    Ngakhale motalikirapo (zaka zingapo) kukhalapo kwa shuga wambiri m'magazi kumabweretsa kutsika kwa machitidwe onse amthupi - ziwalo zingapo:

    • otupa
    • aimpso
    • mtima
    • zamankhwala
    • endocrine.

    Zotsatira za hyperglycemia, zomwe zafika zaka zamakono zokhala ndi matenda ashuga:

    • mafuta chiwindi hepatosis,
    • myocardial dystrophy,
    • matenda a mtima a ziwalo (mtima, ubongo, mapapu),
    • Matenda a matenda ashuga
    • zilonda zam'mapazi zamiyendo ndi miyendo,
    • odwala matenda ashuga osafunikira kuti achepetse zigawo zam'mapazi nthawi yomweyo mpaka kulumikizana kwa bondo (kusiya miyambo yotalikirapo kenako ndikusowekera kukufunika kuti miyendo ikhale yolimba).

    Mphamvu ya kusokonekera kwa endocrine ndi kusakwanira kwamanjenje ndikutulutsa kwa minofu kumabweretsa mavuto abambo ndi amayi, kusabereka kapena kubadwa kwa ana odwala.

    Zizindikiro za mavuto amkati mwazomwe zimaphatikizapo kafukufuku:

    • magazi - mpaka msinkhu wa shuga mkati mwake,
    • mkodzo: woyenera - wa glucose, kuchuluka - kudziwa kuchuluka kwa glucose wotayika thupi ndi mkodzo.

    Momwe mungaperekere magazi?

    Kukonzekera mayesowa kumaphatikizapo kukhala m'mimba yopanda kanthu, chakudya chomaliza chikuyenera kumalizidwa maola 8 musanadye.

    Kumwa kumaphatikizapo zakumwa zilizonse zopanda mafuta - madzi amchere kapena madzi oyera. Zopangira vinyo siziphatikizidwa mwapadera, ngakhale atakhala kuti sangakonde mowa, wofufuzayo ayenera kusiya kumwa mowa masiku 2 asanafike kuwunikira. Zofunikira zomwezo zimagwiranso ntchito pakusuta (siyani theka tsiku lisanachitike). Kugwiritsa ntchito chingamu kuyeneranso kuchedwa kwakanthawi.

    Ogwira ntchito zolimbitsa thupi ndi osewera panthawiyi ayenera kusiya katundu ndi maphunziro.

    Mosasamala mtundu wa ntchito (ntchito), zochitika zopsinjika ziyenera kupewedwa.

    Zotsatira zakuwunikirazi zitha kukhudzidwa ndi zomwe zimachitika patsiku la kafukufuku:

    • kutikita minofu
    • physiotherapy
    • Kuunika kwa X-ray.

    Ngati ndi kotheka (komanso ndi chilolezo cha dotolo yemwe akupezekapo), mankhwalawa ayenera kuthetsedwa panthawiyi, ngati sizotheka kuchita izi, akuyenera kuchenjezedwa ndi wothandizira ntchito.

    Ngati izi zakwaniritsidwa, kudalirika koyezetsa magazi kudzera mwa njira yosavuta (glucometer) kukwera kwambiri. Kuti mumve bwino za chizindikirocho, muyenera kutenga magazi kuchokera chala kapena mtsempha (mogwirizana ndi malangizo a dokotala).

    Kanema kuchokera kwa katswiri:

    Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa kuyezetsa magazi kwa capillary ndi venous?

    Kuyesa magazi kwa shuga ndikumutenga kuchokera pachala (kuchokera pa intaneti ya capillary) ndikosavuta kuphunzira chifukwa kukhalapo kwa zinthu zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa - kuyambira pakukhalitsa kwa manja ndikutha ndi zizindikiro zodzipatsa kapena "kusweka" kwa narcotic.

    Kutengedwa ndi mphamvu ya minofu metabolites, magazi a venous amadziwitsa za chiwonetsero cha shuga chamagulu pazinthu zonse.

    Zowerengeka zenizeni za shuga wa plasma (magazi a venous) ndizo malire kuchokera ku 4.6 mpaka 6.1, kwa capillary (kuyambira chala) - kuyambira 3,3 mpaka 5.5 mmol / L.

    Kafukufukuyu akhoza kuchitika mu labotale ya chipatala chilichonse komwe akulandira kuchokera kwa dokotala (endocrinologist, psychapist, dokotala wa ana).

    Zofanana mwa ana ndi amayi apakati

    Zotsatira za chizindikirochi sizimangokhala ndi chidwi kapena kupsinjika kwaposachedwa, komanso ndi msinkhu, jenda, komanso momwe zinthu zina zaphunziridwira (mwachitsanzo, kukhala ndi pakati).

    Mitundu ya amayi apakati imakhala yotalikirapo chifukwa cha kulimbitsa thupi kwakukulu, komwe kumafunikira kagayidwe kakang'ono kwambiri komanso kufunikira kwakukulu kwa glucose.

    Kafukufuku wachitika kawiri (pa 8-12 ndi masabata 30) maphunziro amaloleza amayi oyembekezera kuyerekeza (mmol / l) mpaka:

    • 6.0 yapamwamba,
    • 7.0 wamagazi amkati.

    Nthawi zonse zokayikira, kuyesedwa kwa glucose kumachitika kapena kuyesedwa kwina kumagwiritsidwa ntchito (mwachitsanzo, fructosamine kapena pazomwe zili glycated hemoglobin).

    Ngati miyambo yamayendedwe a shuga wamagazi kwa abambo ndi amayi osabereka ali ofanana (kuchokera pa 3.3 mpaka 5.5 kwa capillary komanso kuyambira 3.7 mpaka 6.1 mmol / l kwa venous), ndiye kuti pali ana omwe ali ndi malire chifukwa cha zaka.

    Chifukwa chake, chizindikiro ichi cha magazi a capillary mwa ana ndi chofanana ndi:

    • mpaka 1 chaka 2.8-4.4,
    • kuyambira chaka chimodzi mpaka zaka 5 3.3-5.0,
    • zopitilira zaka 5 zimalingana ndi zizindikiro za akulu (3.3-5.5 mol / l).

    Kuyesedwa kwa ana omwe akuganiziridwa kuti ali ndi hyperglycemia ndi matenda a shuga, komanso azimayi oyembekezera (omwe chiopsezo chotenga nthendayi ndiwokwera kwambiri poyerekeza ndi omwe siamayi oyembekezera) samangoyeserera magazi ndi mkodzo mayeso a shuga.

    Kafukufuku wathunthu wamakonzedwe onse a mahomoni ndi magwiridwe amtundu uliwonse wa endocrine tiziwalo timene timaphatikizidwa, kuphatikizapo zomwe zimachitika mu mahomoni a pituitary ndi adrenal gland. Popeza chiwopsezo chotenga matendawa ndi chambiri komanso chikuwonjezereka ndi m'badwo uliwonse, njira zomwe zikuchitidwa zimapatula kupezeka kwa zolakwika zamtundu wa chibadwidwe zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mitundu ya matenda osowa monga matenda a DIAMOND.

    Njira yofufuzira majini komanso maphunziro ochulukirapo angachepetse chiwopsezo cha matenda A shuga, LADA-shuga ndi mitundu ina yamatenda omwe ali ndi etiology osamvetsetsa bwino.

    Kuphatikiza pa kuthana ndi mavuto a njira (kuchitira odwala, kuthana ndi pakati mosamala momwe mungathere, kuwunika momwe ikuyendera pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya ultrasound, kuthandizira kulera), ndikuchita zofunikira kwambiri kuti abwerere ku chikhalidwe chazakudya ndi thupi, kufufuza kwa laboratomu kumakhalabe imodzi mwa ntchito zazikulu zamankhwala matenda omwe njira yosavuta ndikuyesera imagwiritsidwabe ntchito - kuphunzira kwa magazi omwe amachokera mumtsempha kapena chala.

    Kodi zimapweteka bwanji akamachotsa magazi pachala?

    Amanyamulidwa ndi aliyense munjira zosiyanasiyana. Ndipo momwe zimapwetekera panthawi yowunikira zimatengera zinthu zambiri:

    • Kuchuluka momwe munthu amene amadutsa amasinthiratu kupirira. Kuboola chala kumakhala kowawa kwambiri, koma kumachitika mwachangu - pakamphindi, ululuwu ungafanane ndi kudula kwa chala.

    • Momwe amakonzekerera m'malingaliro - kuwunikira komwe kwachitika koyamba, osadziwa momwe zonse zichitikire, mutha kuchita mantha kwambiri kenako kupweteka kumawoneka kolimba.
    • Kuchokera paukatswiri wa namwino yemwe adzayezetsa magazi kuchokera chala.

    Kodi kusinthaku kudutsa bwanji?

    Njira yowunikira ndi yophweka kwambiri ndipo sizifunikira kukonzekera kulikonse. Koma pakulimbikitsidwa ndi madokotala, magazi amaperekedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu, m'mawa, asanamwe mankhwala kapena kuchita njira zina momwe chinthu china chilichonse chogwira ntchito chitha kulowa m'magazi ndikuwonjezera zotsatira za kusanthula kapena kukhudza magawo alionse.

    Kusanthula kumatengedwa kuchokera kumunwe kumanzere. Musanapyoze chala ndi singano yotaya - yocheperako, pukutirani chala ndi chidacho ndikupanga punction, pafupifupi 2 mm kuya. Magazi ochokera pachala adzanena za kuchuluka kwa magawo ake osiyanasiyana: maselo oyera, maselo ofiira a m'magazi, hemoglobin ndi ena.

    Zimapweteka zingati pamene magazi amatengedwa kuchokera m'mitsempha?

    Anthu ambiri amakhala odekha kupereka magazi kuchokera mu mtsempha. Koma pali ena omwe akuyembekezera mwamantha mchitidwewu.


    Mfundo zotsatirazi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zowopsa:

    • Zilonda zopweteka pakhungu - monga lamulo, awa ndi anthu omwe amawopa jakisoni aliyense,
    • Mantha opatsirana
    • "Mitsempha yoyipa" - munthu amene akuvutika kupeza mitsempha sakonda kuyeserera chifukwa amayenera kubaya khungu lake kangapo m'malo osiyanasiyana: pampendero wa mkono, mkono kapena kumbuyo.

    Komabe, anthu ambiri amavomereza kuti kutenga magazi kuchokera m'mitsempha sikumapweteka, kumakhala kowawa kwambiri chala.

    Kodi amathandizira bwanji?

    Kudalirika kwa zotsatira ndi chithandizo china zimadalira momwe njirayi idachitikira. Zolakwika potenga zotsalira zazomera zingayambitse zovuta:

    • Kuponyera kwamatumbo ndi mapangidwe a hematoma yokulirapo komanso yofalikira kumisempha yoyandikana nayo,
    • - singano imakwiyitsa makoma amitsempha yamagazi ndi mapeto amitsempha, kuphipha kumatha kuchitika, komwe kumachepetsa kutuluka kwa magazi. Izi zingayambitse thrombophlebitis,
    • Infection - imatha kuyamba.

    Njira zowunikira sizili zovuta ngati namwino wodziwa ntchitoyo akuunikira. Popereka magazi, amatenga syringe kapena machubu apadera osatulutsa magazi omwe atengedwa ndi zovala kapena manja a namwino. Kuti mupeze kusanthula koyenera ndikofunikira:

    • Konzani chidebe chosakira,
    • Ikani wodzigudubuza pansi pa chopondera ndikukweza dzanja ndi manja,
    • Ikani chikumbutso pakati pa phewa,
    • Mosamala chitani chakumaso ndi thonje lomwe limanyowa mu mowa.
    • Funsani wodwalayo kuti agwire ntchito ndi nkhonya kuti adzaze mitsempha ndi magazi ndikukhometsa nkhonya yake,
    • Pangani zitsanzo zamagazi.

    Nthawi zina, chifukwa choti wodwalayo amapereka magazi kuchokera mu mtsempha kapena mawonekedwe a anatomical, sizingatheke kulowa mitsempha mwachangu. Kenako kusonkhanitsa kwachilengedwe kumachitika ndi gawo lina la thupi, pomwe mitsempha imawonekera bwino.

    Kodi ayenera kuchita chiyani mutatenga magazi kuchokera mu mtsempha kuti usavulaze?

    Atatenga, anthu ena amangokhala ndi chilonda chochepa pamalo opumira, pomwe ena amakhala ndi vuto lalikulu. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kupindika kwa magazi a venous pansi pa khungu. Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha kubowoleza msempha kapena pomwe wodwala amatsegula dzanja lake atamaliza kupereka magazi.

    Pofuna kupewa kuwoneka ngati bala, ndikofunikira kupewa magazi kulowa pakhungu. Namwino akamaliza kutenga magazi ndikuyika thonje pamalopo, ndikofunikira kuti mkono ukhale wokhazikika mpaka magazi atasiya kwathunthu ndipo bala limapola. A hematoma amatha kuwonekanso chifukwa cha khungu loonda kwambiri kapena mitsempha yakuya. Pakaphulika, ndibwino kuti musagwiritse dzanja lanu kukweza zolemera kapena zina zomwe zimafuna kupsinjika kwambiri kapena katundu.

    Zizindikiro za kuchuluka kwa shuga

    Nthawi zambiri, ngati shuga wambiri m'thupi ataphwanyidwa, zizindikiro za hyperglycemia zimayamba.

    Zizindikiro zokhala ndi shuga wokwanira zimadalira kukula kwa vuto mthupi.

    Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazizindikiro yomwe munthu amatha kudziwa payekha kuti pali shuga wambiri mthupi.

    Choyamba, zizindikilo zomwe zimayenera kumuchenjeza munthu ndi izi:

    1. Kukhalapo kwa kumverera kwa ludzu ndi pakamwa lowuma.
    2. Kuwonjezeka kwamphamvuko kapena kuwoneka kwamantha.
    3. Maonekedwe a kukodza pafupipafupi komanso kuwonjezeka kwa mkodzo wambiri.
    4. Maonekedwe akumva kuwuma komanso kuyabwa pakhungu.
    5. Kutopa ndi kufooka mthupi lonse.

    Ngati zizindikirozi akazindikiridwa, muyenera kufunsa katswiri wa endocrinologist kuti akuthandizeni. Pambuyo pa kafukufukuyu, adotolo azitsogolera wodwalayo kuti apereke magazi kuti athe kuwunika omwe ali m'mwayi.

    Kutengera mtundu wa mayeso a labotale, magazi amatengedwa kuchokera ku chala kapena mtsempha.

    Momwe mungakonzekerere zopereka zamagazi?

    Kuti mayeso omwe adapezeka ndi kuyezetsa magazi akhale olondola momwe angathere, malamulo ochepa osavuta amafunikira. Masiku angapo asanatenge magazi kuti awunikidwe, muyenera kusiya kumwa mankhwala omwe angakhudze kulondola kwa zotsatirazi.

    Kuphatikiza apo, musanapereke magazi kuti mupeze shuga, muyenera kukana kumwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa kwa masiku angapo.

    Kuphatikiza apo, magazi asanatengedwe kuti aunike, muyenera kusiya kudya kwambiri masewera olimbitsa thupi. Kanani kwathunthu pakudya zakudya ziyenera kukhala maola 12 musanatenge ma biomaterial kuti muunikidwe. Pamaso kusanthula sikuletsedwa kutsuka mano.

    Kuphatikiza apo, ndizoletsedwa kutafuna chingamu ndi kusuta musanapereke magazi.

    Kuyesedwa kwa shuga kwa shuga kungatengedwe pafupifupi pachipatala chilichonse, ngati pali malangizo omwe dokotala wakupatsani. Itha kupangidwanso ndalama zochepa kuchipatala chayekha, chomwe mu mawonekedwe ake chimakhala ndi chipatala cholumikizira odwala.

    Magazi kuti aunikidwe amatengedwa m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Kuti muwunike, magazi amayenera kutengedwa kuchokera ku chala kapena kuchokera mu mtsempha.

    Chikhalidwe cha kusanthula ana ndi amayi apakati

    Ngati magazi oti ayesedwe shuga adatengedwa kuchokera kwa mayi woyembekezera, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikovomerezeka. Izi ndichifukwa choti mzimayi ali ndi gawo linalake ndipo amafunika mphamvu zochulukirapo kuti agwire bwino ntchito.

    Maselo abambo apakati amafunika zakudya zochulukirapo kuti agwire bwino ntchito komanso kukula kwachibadwa kwa mwana wosabadwayo. Chofunikira ichi chimagwira ntchito pazinthu zonse zofunika, kuphatikizapo shuga.

    Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa mayi woyembekezera kwa shuga kumachitika pokhapokha pakuwonekera pang'onopang'ono zizindikiritso kawiri panthawi yapakati. Koyamba kusanthula kotereku kumachitika polembetsa pa masabata a 8-12 oyembekezera komanso nthawi yachiwiri mu trimester yomaliza yobala mwana. Nthawi zambiri, kuwunika kwachiwiri kumachitika pakatha milungu 30 ya gestation.

    Pa nthawi yoyembekezera, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumaganiziridwa mpaka 6.0 mmol / L m'magazi a capillary komanso mpaka 7.0 mmol / L mu venous. Ngati izi zidakwaniritsidwa, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mayi woyembekezera apimidwe poyesa shuga.

    Mu thupi la mwana, chizindikiro cha kuchuluka kwa shuga chimatengera zaka. Mwachitsanzo, ndizochepera kuposa za munthu wamkulu, ndipo kuyambira zaka 14, kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi a thupi la mwana ndi wofanana ndi wamkulu.

    Ngati shuga wambiri wapezeka m'thupi la mwana, mwanayo wakhazikitsidwa mayeso owonjezera kuti athe kupeza chithunzi chonse cha momwe mwanayo aliri. Kanemayo munkhaniyi akuwonetsa momwe kuyezetsa magazi kwa shuga kumachitikira.

    Ngakhale njira yoyendetsera thupi si njira yokhayo yothandizira thupi. Hemostasis yoyambirira imaperekedwa ndi mapulateleti ndi katundu wa mtima.

    Kuwonjezeka kwa coagulability (hypercoagulation) kumayambitsa thrombosis nthawi ya magazi, koma kumatha kuyambitsa matenda mu mawonekedwe a thrombosis ndi thromboembolism.

    Kuchepetsa (hypocoagulation) kumawonedwa ndi magazi, koma umagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira matenda a thrombosis.

    Zizindikiro zonse zomwe zimapanga magazi a coagulogram zimadziwika. Kuti mupeze mayeso athunthu, kuwerengera kwa zinthu zakuphatikizana ndikofunikira. Alipo khumi ndi atatu a iwo, koma kulephera kulikonse kumabweretsa mavuto akulu.

    Zizindikiro zofufuzira

    Muzochita zachipatala, pamakhala zochitika zina pamene kuli kofunikira kuyang'ana kwambiri pakupanga kwa magazi a wodwala. Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa coagulogram ndikolembera:

    • Ngati munthu ali ndi zizindikiro zowonekeratu kuti amatuluka magazi pafupipafupi, amatupa pakhungu kuchokera pazilonda zochepa.
    • pokonzekera opareshoni,
    • Ndi matenda a chiwindi, mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi,
    • kuwerenga zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa chitetezo cha mthupi,
    • kuyang'anira mkhalidwe wa mayi woyembekezera.

    Maphunziro ophatikizika ndi ofunikira kusankha mankhwalawa omwe amachepetsa magazi amtunduwu, omwe ali ndi vuto la mtima: matenda a mtima, sitiroko, mitsempha ya varicose, mtima wamitsempha. M'matendawa, kuwunika koyendetsedwa kumachitika kuti muwonetsetse momwe mankhwalawo amathandizira.

    Malangizo popereka magazi a coagulogram

    Mtengo wa kusanthula kolakwika ndikutulutsa magazi kwambiri kapena, mosinthasintha, mtima wam'mimba ndi kukula kwa vuto la magazi.

    Kuonetsetsa kuti kudalirika pakupeza zizindikiro, kuyeza magazi pa coagulogram kumachitika pokhapokha ngati pali zofunika kuchita:

    • amatenga magazi pamimba yopanda kanthu - izi zikutanthauza kuti wodwalayo sayenera kudya kuyambira maola 8 mpaka 12, chakudya chamadzulo chololedwa usiku womwe watha, ndizoletsedwa kumwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa (kuphatikizapo mowa),
    • mungamwe mowa, khofi, misuzi ola limodzi musanatenge magazi,
    • Ndikupangira kuti mumamwa kapu imodzi ya madzi musanalowe kuchipinda chamankhwala,
    • osavomerezeka zolimbitsa thupi, kulimbikira,
    • akuyenera kuchenjezedwa za kupitirirabe kwa anticoagulants.

    Kusanthula kophatikizana kumachitika kuchokera ku magazi a venous

    Zofunikira pakuwunika kulikonse:

    • osapereka magazi motsutsana ndi maziko a kupsinjika, kutopa,
    • ngati chizungulire cha magazi ndi ma jakisoni, ndikofunikira kuchenjeza wogwira ntchito zamankhwala (kusanthula kumatengedwa pomwe wodwala wagona pabedi).

    Nthawi yoyenera kwambiri yolemba mayeso m'mawa, mutagona bwino, musanadye chakudya cham'mawa.

    Zisonyezo zochepa

    Coagulogram yowonjezereka imaphatikizapo zambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira matenda angapo obadwa nawo.Si ma laboratories onse zipatala omwe amatha kudziwa mayeso aliwonse. Izi zimafuna zida zapadera.

    Chifukwa chake, pochita, kusanthula kumaphatikizapo kuwongolera koyenera, komwe kumalola kuwunika pamodzi ndi zisonyezo za hemostasis yapamwamba (kuwerengera kupatsidwa zinthu zam'magazi, nthawi ya magazi, kapikisano, kuphatikizira kwa zinthu za m'magazi, kuphatikizira kwa magazi).

    Ndi chiyani chomwe chimapereka chidziwitso chochepa kwambiri? Ganizirani zisonyezo zotchuka kwambiri, miyezo yawo ndi zomwe angasankhe.

    Nthawi yopanga magazi

    2 ml ya magazi amatengedwa kuchokera m'mitsempha ya ulnar. Iyo, popanda kuwonjezera pakukhazikika kwa zinthu, imagawiridwa mu 1 ml m'machubu awiri, omwe amayikidwa mu kusamba kwamadzi kuti azitha kutentha kwa thupi. Kuimitsa kumayamba nthawi yomweyo. Ma machubu amawongolera pang'ono ndikuwunikira kuti apangidwe. Zotsatira zodalirika, pafupifupi omwe amapezeka nthawi ya mayeso awiri amawerengedwa.

    Mankhwalawa amakhala kuyambira mphindi zisanu mpaka khumi.

    Kutalikitsa nthawi yodabwitsayo kwa mphindi 15 kapena kupitirira apo kukuwonetsa kuchepa kwa prothrombinase enzyme, kuchepa kwa prothrombin ndi fibrinogen, vitamini C. Ichi ndikuyembekezereka chifukwa cha zochita za heparin, koma zosafunikira (mbali) zakulera.

    Njira yosavuta ndikugwiritsa ntchito chubu limodzi, zotsatira zake sizikhala zolondola.

    Mlozera wa Prothrombin (nthawi ya prothrombin)

    Chofunika cha njirayi: kafukufukuyu amachitika malinga ndi zomwe zidachitika kale, koma yankho la calcium chloride ndi yankho la thromboplastin limawonjezeredwa pa chubu choyesera. Kutha kwa coagrate pakakhala kuchuluka kokwanira kwa thromboplastin kumayesedwa.

    Elongation ya nthawi imawonetsa vuto mu kapangidwe ka puloteni ya prothrombinase, kapangidwe ka prothrombin ndi fibrinogen. Matenda a chiwindi, kuperewera kwa mavitamini, malabsorption m'matumbo, ndi dysbiosis kumabweretsa matenda ofanana.

    Zotsatira za mawonekedwe a index zimawonetsedwa ngati gawo la prothrombin nthawi ya plasma yokhazikika yotsatira yotsatira. Mwa anthu athanzi, ndi%. Kutsika kwa kalozera kumakhala ndi mtengo wofanana ndi kutalika kwa prothrombin nthawi.

    Nthawi Yogwirizira ya Supomboplastin (APTT)

    Tanthauzo la APTT ndikusintha kwa momwe plasma recalcization reaction ndi kuphatikizira kwa phospholipids (yankho lenileni la erythrophosphatide kapena cephalin). Zimathandizira kuzindikira kuperewera kwa kuphatikizika kwa plasma; kumawerengedwa kuti ndiko chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha coagulogram.

    Kufufuza nthawi zina kumafuna madontho ochepa a magazi

    Kufupikitsa mtengo kumawerengedwa ngati chinthu choopsa pakukula kwa thrombosis. Elongation imawonedwa ndi mankhwala a heparin kapena kuperewera kwachilendo kwa zinthu zina.

    Plasma fibrinogen

    Tanthauzo la fibrinogen limakhazikitsidwa pazinthu zosintha kukhala fibrin ndi kuwonjezera kwa othandizira apadera. Zinyalala za fibrin zimasinthidwa kukhala zosefera ndikulemedwa kapena, mwa kusungunuka, zimasinthidwa kukhala yankho lakuda. Njira zonsezi zimakuthandizani kuti mumvetse bwino chizindikirocho.

    Zabwinobwino zimawonedwa kuti zikuchokera ku 5.9 mpaka 11.7 μmol / L (2.0-3.5 g / L).

    Kutsika kwa fibrinogen kumawonedwa m'matenda obadwa nawo otchedwa fibrinogenemia, kuwonongeka kwambiri kwa chiwindi.

    Chizindikirochi chikuwonjezeka ndi matenda opatsirana, zotupa zoyipa, matenda osachiritsika, thrombosis ndi thromboembolism, pambuyo povulala, kubala mwana ndikuchita opaleshoni, ndi hypothyroidism.

    Mu makanda, chizolowezi chimakhala chotsika, kotero mwa akhanda, kuchuluka kwa fibrinogen ndi 1.25-3.0 g / l.

    Kuyesa kwa fibrinogen B. Mwa munthu wathanzi, kumakhala koyipa.

    Nthawi ya Thrombin

    Chinsinsi cha njirayi: kuthekera kwa plasma kuzimiririka ndikumawonjezeredwa ndi njira yokhayo yogwiritsira ntchito thrombin.

    Kuwonjezeka kwa nthawi kumawonedwa ndi kuchepa kwa chiberekero cha fibrinogen, kuwonjezeka kwapakati pamitsempha, komanso kuwonongeka kwa minyewa ya chiwindi.Njira ndi yofala pochiza mankhwala kuchokera ku gulu la fibrinolytics ndi heparin.

    Zitsanzo zolemba zotsatira zonse za kafukufuku wowonjezera

    Magazi obwezera

    Njirayi ndi yofanana kwambiri ndi yapita, koma sikuti amangoganiza za mgwirizanowo, komanso kuchuluka kwake pakukakamiza. Yankho limaperekedwa pamlingaliro woyenera (0 - osapezeka, 1 - kupezeka) komanso mwakuchulukitsa (pafupipafupi kuyambira 40 mpaka 95%).

    Kutsika kwa kubwezeretsa kumachitika ndi thrombocytopenia. Kukula kumadziwika ndi magazi osiyanasiyana.

    Nthawi Yobwezeretsanso Plasma

    Chinsinsi cha njirayi: plasma ndi yankho la calcium chloride zimasakanikirana ndi madzi osamba mu 1: 2 mumadzi osamba, nthawi yooneka ngati kansalu ikupezedwa ndi cholepheretsa. Phunziroli limabwerezedwa mpaka katatu ndipo zotsatira zapakati zimawerengedwa.

    Mtengo wabwinobwino ndi mphindi 1-2.

    Kuchepetsa nthawi kumawonetsa kuchuluka kwa magazi.

    Elongation amalembedwa ndi kupezeka kwachilendo kwa kuphatikizika kwa plasma zinthu, kupezeka kwa mankhwala monga heparin m'magazi, ndi thrombocytopenia.

    Kulekerera kwa plasma kwa heparin

    Kuyesaku kukuwonetsa momwe mavalidwe a fibrin amapangidwira mwachangu ndikuwonjezeredwa kwa heparin ku magazi oyesedwa.

    Nthawi zambiri, izi zimachitika pambuyo pa mphindi 7 mpaka 15.

    Ndikukulitsa chizindikirocho, amalankhula za kulolerana pang'ono kwa heparin. Nthawi zambiri zimadziwika mu chiwindi matenda. Ngati kulolera kuli kosakwana mphindi zisanu ndi ziwiri, Hypercoagulation ikhoza kuperekedwa.

    Mtengo wa coagulogram nthawi yapakati

    Nthawi yomweyo ma coagulogram indices mwa amayi apakati, gulu ndi Rh factor zimayendera

    Kusintha kwa zokhudza thupi kwa magazi a mayi wapakati kumafunikira magazi owonjezera, gawo lamagazi loyenda mwatsopano, kukula kwa maselo ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimayambitsa hemostasis ya mayi ndi mwana wosabadwayo.

    Kuwunikira kukula kwakhalidwe panthawi yapakati, kuwunika kwa coagulogram kumayikidwa nthawi iliyonse. Monga lamulo, coagulability imawonjezeka pang'ono. Thupi ili la mayi wapakati limadziteteza kuti lisataye magazi. Zizindikiro zowongolera zimakupatsani mwayi wopewa:

    • thrombotic zovuta (nthambi yamitsempha yam'mimba),
    • chotheka
    • Dziwani zambiri zam'tsogolo,
    • konzekerani kasamalidwe ka kubadwa.

    Ngakhale kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa chizindikiro cha coagulogram sikokwanira kuzindikira matenda obadwa nawo. Kafukufuku wazinthu zowonjezera zimawonjezeredwa.

    Kuunika kwa chizindikirochi kumafunikira kuyerekezera kwamayesero amodzi payekha, poganizira kuyesedwa kwamwazi wamagazi, chidziwitso cha kusintha kwamunthu matenda osachiritsika.

    Atsikana Mwachangu. Coagulogram.

    chonde tiuzeni momwe zimachitikira! Tengani mawa m'mawa.

    Kuchokera pamitsempha, ndi singano yokulirapo, koma kwa ine ndibwinonso kuigulitsa kuchokera kumitsempha maulendo 20 kuposa nthawi 1 kuchokera chala ndikuidziwa bwino.

    Mwina, izi zingaoneke zopusa - koma kwa ine palibe chovuta kuposa kupereka magazi kuchokera chala, ndibwinoko kukhala ndi 30 kuchokera kumitsempha))

    eya musachite mantha! Ndidapereka kangapo kawiri ndipo sindikukumbukira komwe))) Zikuwoneka ngati mtsempha. Kodi adatenga Edzi ndi syphilis? Chifukwa chake izi sizodwalanso! Chachikulu sichikhala mochedwa ndipo, zikuwoneka, ndikofunikira pamimba yopanda kanthu.

    Mawonekedwe a malingaliro

    Tithana ndi lingaliro loyamba lomwe lidzagwiritsidwe ntchito mwachangu mu nkhaniyi. Chifukwa chake, coagulogram yamagazi ndi kuwunika kwake kwa homeostasis. Mwanjira ina, dongosolo la kuphatikiza magazi lokha lifufuzidwa.

    Kuphatikizika kwa magazi ndi njira yakukulitsa kuti isasunthike kuchoka pakakhala madzi amadzimadzi kupita ku dera lotchedwa la put. Izi ndizachilengedwe, njira yoteteza thupi ku magazi. Kupanga kokhako kumayendetsedwa ndi machitidwe ofunikira monga endocrine ndi manjenje.

    Kukonzekera mayesowo

    Momwe mungaperekere magazi ku coagulogram, ndikofunikira kudziwa chiyani pamenepa? Choyamba, ndikofunikira kunena kuti ndikofunikira kukonzekera njirayi pasadakhale. Pokhapokha izi zotsatira zomwe zapezedwa ndi zolondola ndipo zitha kuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa mavuto kapena kusowa kwawo.

    1. Musanayambe kuyesa, simungadye chakudya kwa maola ambiri. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuwunika uku kumachitika m'mawa. Wodwala amauzidwa kuti simungathe kudya m'mawa. Ndiye kuti, kusanthula kumaperekedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu.
    2. Madzulo, patsiku lopereka magazi, wodwalayo amalimbikitsidwa kudya chakudya chopepuka chamafuta chamafuta, nyama zosuta, zakudya yokazinga.
    3. Mutha kumwa m'mawa kusanachitike. Komabe, madzi oyera okha opanda mpweya. Pansi pa khofi yoletsedwa, tiyi, timadziti.
    4. Ngati wodwala akusuta, pewani ndudu kwa ola lathunthu musanayesedwe.
    5. Madokotala amalimbikitsa: musanayesedwe magazi kuti mupeze coagulogram, muyenera kumwa kapu yamadzi oyera (ml).
    6. Patsiku la mayeso, sikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchite masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena mwamalingaliro.
    7. Pomwepo musanatengere magazi, wodwalayo ayenera kukhala wodekha, wodekha. Zimachitika kuti zibwerere mwakale.
    8. Ngati munthu amamwa mankhwala omwe amakhudza magazi m'magazi, madokotala ayenera kuuzidwa zambiri za izi.
    9. Ngati wodwalayo salekerera njira yoperekera magazi, akatswiri amayeneranso kuchenjezedwa za izi.

    Kuthamanga shuga m'mitsempha kapena chala

    "Shuga yamagazi" ndi mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu. Muzochita zamankhwala, njira yofufuzira iyi imatchedwa kusanthula komwe kumatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa glucose pazosala kudya zam'mimba.

    Amakhulupirira kuti kuthamanga kwa magazi ake m'mitsempha, mosaganizira jenda, sayenera kupitirira 5.5 mmol / l.

    Koma pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa izi, kuyambira mtundu wamagazi omwe adatengedwa kuti awunikenso, kupereka ndalama zogonana, komanso nthawi yakatsiku (makamaka m'mawa) pomwe biomaterial idatengedwa.

    Nanga motani?

    Ngati coagulogram imaperekedwa kwa wodwala, kodi magaziwo amachokera kuti? Mpanda udzapangidwa kuchokera mu mtsempha. Madzi omwe amayambira amawaika m'matumba oyeserera (mpaka chizindikiro china) chomwe chosungirako chidawonjezeredwa dzulo.

    1. Tsambalo la puncture limathandizidwa kale ndi mowa (koma osati ndi ether!).
    2. Kuchotsera nkhomaliro kumachitika pokhapokha mowa utatha.
    3. Musanatenge magazi, ndibwino kuti musagwiritse ntchito magazi. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kuphatikizika kwa nthambi ya munthu kumayambitsa magazi, m'malo mwake zotsatira zake zitha kupotozedwa.
    4. Madontho asanu ndi limodzi am'magazi a66 saloledwa kulowa mu chubu choyesera (chonyowa ndi swab), chifukwa amatha kukhala ndi minofu ya thromboplastin.

    Chofunikira: ngati wodwala adayesedwa mayeso angapo, pachiyambi pomwe pali sampuli yamagazi a index ya coagulogram, fibrinogen ndi prothrombin.

    Kodi magazi a coagulogram angalembedwe liti?

    1. Ngati wodwala akukumana ndi vuto la magazi.
    2. Kusanthula kumeneku kumayendetsedwa kwa odwala omwe amapita kukachitidwa opaleshoni.
    3. Ngati wodwala (s) ali ndi chiberekero kapena magazi ena.
    4. Kusanthula uku ndikofunikira kwa odwala omwe akuchiritsidwa ndi anticoagulants.
    5. Ngati wodwalayo ali ndi mbiri yokhudza kugunda kwa mtima kapena sitiroko.
    6. Kusanthula kumeneku ndikofunikira kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la chiwindi kapena mitsempha yamagazi.
    7. Ndi matenda a autoimmune, ndikofunikira kupereka magazi ku coagulogram.
    8. Kusanthula kumakonda kuperekedwa kwa amayi apakati.
    9. Chizindikiro cha kuperekera kwake ndi mitsempha ya varicose yam'munsi.

    Kodi ntchito ya glucose ndikuti imalowa bwanji m'thupi?

    Mukalandira chakudya, chimagawa shuga wosavuta. Icho mu thupi la munthu chimagwira ntchito yayikulu yamphamvu yonse. Glucose ambiri amawadyedwa ndi ma cell aubongo. Ngati kupezeka kwa zinthuzi sikokwanira mthupi, ndiye kuti pamafunika mphamvu zonse kuchokera ku mafuta ochulukirapo omwe amapezeka m'thupi.

    Uku ndiye ngozi zonse.

    Ndi kuphwasika kwa mafuta, matupi a ketone amapangidwa, omwe ali ndi poizoni m'thupi lonse, kuphatikizapo ubongo. Nthawi imodzimodzi, munthu amakhala ndi kugona kosalekeza komanso kufooka, makamaka kuwonekera bwino mwa ana.Amakhala ndi kusungunuka kwa shuga m'thupi komwe kumatha kubweretsa kupweteka, kusanza kosalekeza.

    Zotsatira zoyipa za thupi la munthu zimakhala ndi kuperewera komanso kuchuluka kwa shuga. Chifukwa chake, magwiridwe ake amayenera kuyang'aniridwa.

    Kupatsa thanzi kwa minofu kumachitika pafupifupi monga mwa chiwembu:

    1. Shuga amalowetsedwa ndi chakudya.
    2. Kuchuluka kwa zinthu kumakhazikika m'chiwindi, ndikupanga glycogen, womwe ndi zovuta kupanga.
    3. Thupi likapereka chidziwitso pakufunika kwa chinthu ichi kuonetsetsa momwe maselo amagwirira ntchito, mahomoni apadera amasinthira kukhala glucose, yomwe imapereka ziwalo zonse ndi mphamvu yofunikira.
    4. Izi zimachitika motsogozedwa ndi mahomoni apadera.

    Miyezo ya shuga imasungidwa ndikuwongoleredwa ndi insulin, yomwe imapangidwa ndi kapamba. Pazinthu zina, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatha kuchuluka. Koma zovuta za adrenaline ndi norepinephrine (zopangidwa ndi tiziwalo timene timatulutsa adrenal) zimatsitsa shuga. Zinthu zomwe zimatchedwa mahomoni zimathanso kukhala ndi zotsatira zina.

    Zanena kale kuti zinthu zambiri zimayambitsa zotsatira za mayeso a labotale. Ndipo, zikuwoneka, kuyezetsa magazi wamba pakupanga shuga mu biomaterial kungakhale kosiyana.

    Zachilengedwe zimatha kutengedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu kapena "ndi katundu":

    • kuchokera m'mitsempha (magazi a venous, omwe amawonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a wodwala),
    • Kuchokera pa chala (magazi a capillary),
    • ndi glucometer, yomwe imatha kuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa gluous ndi venous.

    Magazi ochokera mu mtsempha akuwonetsa zotsatira za pafupi 11% kuposa chala. Umu ndi momwe zimakhalira ndi venous biomaterial.

    Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwambiri kwa shuga mu venous biomaterial ndi 6.1 mmol / L, ndipo capillary, zizindikirozi zimayikidwa pamalire a 5.5 mmol / L.

    Makhalidwe abwino amatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi ma reagents omwe adagulidwa ndi ma labotale, ndipo amatha kufikira 6.3 (kuchokera pachala) ndi 5.7 (kuchokera pamtsempha).

    Ngati miyeso ikuchitika mosadukiza pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer, ndiye kuti magazi ochokera pachala amagwiritsidwa ntchito kaamba ka izi. Zizindikiro zomwe chipangizochi chikuwonetsa pambuyo pofufuza dontho la magazi ziyenera kujambulidwa mogwirizana ndi malangizo ake.

    Mwadzidzidzi, tikuwona kuti glucometer yotsimikiza shuga sagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la kuchepa magazi, chifukwa zotsatira zake zimakhala zolakwika komanso zosokoneza. Sikoyenera mtundu uwu wamaphunziro mumagazi am'magazi ambiri ndi magazi ochokera m'mitsempha.

    Musanagwiritse ntchito njirayi kunyumba, muyenera kuwerenga mosamala malangizo a chipangizocho, chomwe chimawonetsa bwino kuwunikira, komanso malire a zomwe zikuwonetsa. Koma musaiwale kuti kugwiritsa ntchito glucometer kunyumba, komanso zomwe zikuwonetsa, sizingakhale zomaliza pakupanga matenda.

    Nthawi zambiri zida izi zimalimbikitsidwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga mellitus wowongolera shuga ndi jakisoni wa insulin. Ngati pakufunika kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa munthu wathanzi, ndibwino kuti mukamayesedwa mayeso mu ma labotale apadera.

    Kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga kukhazikike molondola, muyenera kudziwa malamulo omwe muyenera kutsatira musanapereke magazi, ngakhale atakhala mayeso a labotale mkati mwa khoma la chipatala kapena odziyimira pawokha.

    1. Zakudya zomaliza ziyenera kukhala maola 8-10 musanayesedwe. Uku ndikulongosola kwa lingaliro la "m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu." Chifukwa chake, kudya usiku kapena nthawi yamadzulo sikofunikira.
    2. Ngati ndi kotheka, siyani kuchita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi tsiku lisanafike ku labotale. Izi ndizowona makamaka pamasewera omwe amathandizira kuti adrenaline amasulidwe.
    3. Komanso, kuchuluka kwa glucose mu vein biomaterial kumatha kusintha pamavuto. Chifukwa chake, izi ziyeneranso kukumbukiridwa.

    Mu munthu wamkulu, shuga wabwinobwino amathandizira m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu kuchokera pazigawo za 3.3 mpaka 5.5 za capillary biomaterial yotengedwa kuchokera kumunwe. Ngati magazi atengedwa kuchokera m'mitsempha, ndiye kuti data yokhazikika idzakhala muzoyimira zosiyanasiyana kuyambira 3,7 mpaka 6.1 mmol / L.

    Ngati zisonyezo zili pafupi ndi chizindikiritso chachikulu (magawo 6 a zinthu zotengedwa kuchokera chala kapena 6.9 yamagazi a venous), mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo umafunsidwa ndi katswiri (endocrinologist) ndipo amawonedwa ngati prediabetesic.

    Kuzindikira kwa matenda osokoneza bongo kumachitika ngati munthu wamkulu ali ndi umboni m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu 6.1 (magazi a capillary) ndi 7.0 (magazi a venous).

    Odwala ena, kuti amveketse bwino matendawa, biomaterial imangotengedwa osati pamimba yopanda kanthu, koma ndi "katundu". Izi zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kubwera ku labotale kuti mudzakayezetse maola 2 mutatha chakudya chatha.

    Potere, zotsatira zabwinobwino zikhala m'magulu 4 mpaka 7.8. Ngati zikuwonetsa kuti katundu atasinthidwa kumtunda kapena pansi, ndikofunikira kuyeserera kapena kuyesanso.

    Dokotala amapanga chisankho pa izi atatha kuphunzira mbiri yachipatala ya wodwalayo komanso maphunziro ake a labotale.

    Kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa ana kuli ndi matanthawuzo osiyanasiyana. Matenda a shuga ndi zovuta mu kupanga insulin mthupi la mwana zimatha kuyamba nthawi iliyonse.

    Zomwe zimayambitsa chitukuko cha matendawa zitha kukhala:

    • kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mopitirira malire
    • kuchuluka kwa mndandanda
    • mavuto.

    Chifukwa chake, kuyesedwa kuyenera kuchitika ndi pafupipafupi.

    Ndipo ngati pali zodziwikiratu zomwe zikuwonetsa vuto, ndiye kuti kuyezetsa magazi kumawoneka kuti ndiwowonekera komanso kofunikira kwambiri kuti athe kuzindikira.

    Kuyambira pobadwa mpaka chaka chimodzi, kuwerenga kwa glucose mu biomaterial kuyambira 2.8 mpaka 4.4 kumadziwika kuti ndizabwinobwino.

    Kupitilira apo, kwa ana ochepera zaka 5, kuchuluka kwa glucose kumakwera ndikuyamba kuyambira 3.3 mpaka 5.0 mukamamwa m'mawa wopanda kanthu, ndipo izi ndi zomwe zimachitika. Ana azaka zambiri ali ndi zofanana ndi akulu.

    Ngati timalankhula za shuga wabwinobwino mwa mayi wapakati, ndiye kuti ali ndi malire osiyana.

    Mu "malo osangalatsa" m'thupi la mzimayi, kusintha kwa mahomoni kumachitika, komwe kumatha kukhudza zotsatira zoyesedwa zasayansi.

    Zomwe zimachitika kwa amayi apakati zimatsimikizika pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya shuga kuyambira 3.8 mpaka 5.8 mmol / L m'magazi othandizira omwe amaperekedwa m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu, ndipo kuyambira 3.9 mpaka 6.2 mmol / L mu biomaterial otengedwa kuchokera mu mtsempha. Ngati mulingo ndi wokwera kuposa mtengo wokwera, ndiye kuti mkaziyo ayenera kuyesedwa ndi kukakamizidwa ndi katswiri.

    Munthawi ya bere, mwana ayenera kuzindikira komanso kukhala chifukwa cholumikizirana ndi labotale:

    • kulakalaka
    • kusintha ndi mavuto pokodza,
    • kumalumphira kuthamanga kwa magazi.

    Matendawa sangathe kuwonetsa mwachindunji kukula kwa matenda a shuga, koma kuyesedwa kowonjezereka ndikofunikira kuti matenda athetse ndikuwonetsa zotsatira za shuga pamlingo wamba.

    Dziwani kuti mu nthawi yachiwiri komanso yachitatu ya kubereka, matenda ashuga angachitike, omwe amapezeka patapita nthawi atabadwa. Koma izi sizitanthauza kuti sikofunikira kuyesa mayiyo.

    Odwala oterowo, kuwunika mosalekeza mkhalidwe ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi (capillary kapena venous) kuyenera kuchitika, monga nthawi zina izi zimatha kukhala matenda a shuga.

    Ichi ndichifukwa chake, nthawi yomwe akubala mwana, mkazi ayenera kuchititsa maphunziro a labotale nthawi zonse.

    Kumbukirani kuti shuga wambiri kapena wotsika kwambiri angayambitse matenda akulu komanso mavuto azaumoyo.Ichi ndichifukwa chake aliyense akulimbikitsidwa kukayezetsa ngati mukulephera kuzindikira komanso chizindikiritso kamodzi kwa miyezi 12. Izi zipangitsa kuti athe kuzindikira vutoli pakapita nthawi komanso kusintha thupi.

    Fibrinogen ndende

    Chizindikiro chabwinobwino: kuyambira 5.9 mpaka 11.7 μmol / L. Itha kuchepa ndimatenda osiyanasiyana a chiwindi. Kuchuluka kwa izi:

    1. Ngati wodwala ali ndi zotupa zoyipa.
    2. Mu matenda opatsirana pachimake.
    3. Ndikusowa kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro.

    Chizindikirochi chimapangidwira motere: "soluble fibrin-monomer complexes". Ichi ndi chikhomo cha kuphatikizika kwa mitsempha. Amawonetsa kusintha kwa fibrin mothandizidwa ndi thrombin ndi plasmin. Malire apamwamba a masiku onse: 4 mg / 100 ml. Itha kumasiyana malinga ndi zifukwa zomwe zimapangidwira ngati fibrinogen.

    Kulekerera kwa plasma heparin

    Chizindikiro ichi chikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa thrombin m'magazi. Poterepa, zitha kuwona kuti utoto wam'magazi utalika bwanji m'madzi am'magazi (izi ziyenera kuchitika pambuyo paketi ya heparin italowa m'magazi). Makhalidwe abwinobwino: mphindi 7-15. Kukana kwa magazi kwa heparin kumachepa ngati wodwala ali ndi mavuto a chiwindi (mphindi 15 kapena kupitilira). Hypercoagulation (yomwe imakhala yofanana ndi azimayi oyembekezera), kupezeka kwa zotupa za khansa, matenda amtima, komanso nthawi yothandizidwa - mavutowa atha kubweretsa zisonyezo zomwe kulekerera magazi sikupitirira mphindi 7.

    Ntchito ya Fibrinolytic

    Chizindikirochi chimakupatsani mwayi wambiri kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa magazi omwe amatha kudzipatula pawokha pang'onopang'ono magazi. Fibrinolysin, yemwe ali m'madzi a m'magazi ndipo amatha kuthana ndi mawonekedwe a magazi, ndiye amachititsa izi. Ngati wodwalayo ali ndi magazi omwe amasungunuka mwachangu kwambiri kuposa masiku onse, ndiye kuti ali ndi mwayi wotulutsa magazi.

    Zizindikiro za Katswiri

    Ngati wodwala akuyenera kukayezetsa magazi a coagulogram, kutalika kwa magazi a Duke kungawonekenso. Potere, wodwalayo azigoneka chala chake. Kuzama kolowera lancet (chida chapadera) ndi 4 mm. Kenako, pafupifupi sekondi iliyonse, madontho amwazi amachotsedwa kwa wodwala ndi pepala lapadera. Akachotsa dontho limodzi, dokotalayo amazindikira nthawi yomwe lotsatira limatuluka kuchokera chilonda. Mwanjira imeneyi, magazi obwera m'magazi amayendera wodwala. Moyenera, chizindikirochi chikuyenera kusintha pakadutsa theka kapena mphindi ziwiri.

    Magazi obwezera

    Mukadutsa coagulogram yamagazi, chizindikiritso cha chizindikirochi chiyenera kukhala kuchokera pa 45 mpaka 65%. Pankhaniyi, timaphunzira kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa magazi, kuchepa kwake, komanso kumasulidwa kwa seramu yamagazi. Mitengo ikukwera chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa magazi. Chepetsani ngati kuchuluka kwa maselo a wodwala kumachepa kapena maselo ofiira amwazi akachuluka.

    Chizindikiro ichi chimapereka chidziwitso cha nthawi yoyambiranso ya plasma. Norm: kuchokera 60 mpaka 120 masekondi. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwamawonetsero ofunikira kwambiri a homeostasis. Ngati nthawi yochepa kuposa momwe tawonetsera, titha kunena kuti wodwalayo ali ndi magazi othamanga.

    Mawu ochepa onena za ana

    Ndikofunikira kunena kuti mwa odwala achichepere, zizindikiro zina zimasiyana pang'ono ndi zomwe zili pamwambapa pang'ono, ena - kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa fibrinogen m'mwazi wa mwana ndi pafupifupi 1.25-3.00 g / l. Nthawi yomweyo, munthu wamkulu - 2-4 g / l. Izi zimaperekedwa kwa ana motere:

    1. Pamaso pa opareshoni.
    2. Ndikutuluka magazi pafupipafupi.
    3. Ngati mukukayikira hemophilia kapena matenda ena omwe amakhudza magazi.

    Mawu ochepa onena za amayi oyembekezera

    Amayi omwe amabereka mwana, kusanthula uku kumachitika katatu m'miyezi 9 (nthawi imodzi mu trimester iliyonse).Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa ma hormone a mayi wapakati amasintha, omwe amakhudza homeostasis (zosinthazi sizoyambira, koma zathupi, i.e. zabwinobwino). Komanso, kafukufukuyu athandizira kuzindikira kuwopsa kwa padera kapena kubadwa msanga (komwe nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha thrombosis). Mu trimester yoyamba, zizindikiro za kuphatikizika kwa magazi zitha kuchuluka, pafupi ndi kubala - kuchepa. Zonsezi ndizabwinobwino, chifukwa motere thupi limayesetsa kudziteteza kuti lisataye magazi komanso kutaya magazi ambiri. Ngati madotolo sakhutira ndi zotsatira zake, mayiyo apatsanso kuwunikaku. Ngati mayi woyembekezera apatsidwa coagulogram (kuyezetsa magazi), muyezo wazizindikiro uzikhala wosiyana kwambiri ndi momwe ungakhalire mwa munthu wathanzi:

    1. Nthawi ya thrombin: masekondi.
    2. Fibrinogen: 6 g / l.
    3. Prothrombin:%.
    4. APTT: masekondi.

    Ngati mzimayi ali ndi mwayi, kuphunzira kwa chizindikiro monga prothrombin ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa iye. Kupatuka kwake pazomwe zimachitika kungasonyeze kuti wodwalayo ali pachiwopsezo chamatenda a placenta.

    Coagulogram ndi kuyesa kwa magazi komwe kumachenjeza za zobisika komanso zodutsa.

    Coagulogram ndi kafukufuku wovuta wofufuza wofunafuna kudziwa zinthu zazikuluzikulu zamagazi zomwe zimadziwika kuti zimatha kugundika. Kuphatikizika kwa magazi ndi imodzi mwazinthu zoyenera zomwe zimatsimikizira kuyendetsa bwino kwa thupi, ndipo kupatuka kwa magwiritsidwe ake a magawo angapo kumawopseza ndi magazi ochulukirapo kapena kuwonjezereka kwa magazi m'malo owuma. Kuwunikira bwino deta ya coagulogram, dokotala wodziwa bwino adzazindikira ndikupereka chithandizo nthawi, kupewa matenda a stroke, kugunda kwa mtima, matenda a impso-hepatic komanso zovuta zowopsa panthawi yapakati.

    Coagulogram - kuyesedwa kwa magazi ndi chiani

    Coagulogram ndi kuyesa kwapadera kwa magazi kwawoko komwe kumayang'anira kugwira ntchito kwa hemostasis, biosystem yovuta yopanga magazi kutulutsa magazi, kukhalabe ndi njira yoletsa magazi, komanso kusungunuka kwakanthawi kovundikira (magazi kuwundana).

    Mwanjira ina, kusanthula komwe kumayang'ana ntchito ya hemostasis kumatchedwa heestasiogram.

    Kuti musunge ntchito zofunika, magazi ayenera kukhala:

    • amadzimadzi okwanira kunyamula mpweya ndi michere pogwiritsa ntchito ziwiya mpaka ziwalo ndi ziwalo, chotsani zowola ndi poizoni, zimathandizira kugwira ntchito kwa chitetezo chathupi komanso kutulutsa thupi,
    • kukhala ndi mamasukidwe ena otseka kutseka mipata yayikulu ndi ing'onoing'ono zing'onozing'ono pakavulala.

    Ngati magazi atayamba kuchepa m'makhalidwe ofunikira, vuto lotaya magazi limayambitsa kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa magazi ndi kufa kwa thupi.

    Kuchulukana kwambiri komanso kuwonjezereka kwa coagulability (hypercoagulation), m'malo mwake, kumayambitsa mapangidwe amitsempha yamagazi omwe amatha kutseka ziwiya zofunika kwambiri (pulmonary, coronary, cerebral) ndipo zimatsogolera ku thromboembolism, kugunda kwa mtima komanso stroke.

    Kuwunika kwa hemostasiogram ndikofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa dongosolo la hemostasis logwira ntchito bwino limalepheretsa kuchepa kwa magazi konse, komanso kuwonekera kwa mtima komanso kutsekeka kwa bedi lamankhwala lokhala ndi magazi.

    Phunziroli limawonedwa ngati lovuta, chifukwa kuti amvetsetse momwe opaleshoni yamagazi imagwirira ntchito, dokotala amayenera kuwunika gawo lililonse payokha ndikuwunika zonse zomwe zikuwonetsa.

    Coagulogram imakhala ndi magawo ambiri, iliyonse yomwe imawonetsa ntchito inayake ya heestasis.

    Pali mitundu iwiri ya ma hemostasiograms:

    • zosavuta (zoyambira, zosonyeza, kuwunika, zofananira)
    • kukulitsidwa (kukulitsidwa).

    Kafukufuku woyambirira amawulula kapena kupatula mfundo yophwanya magwiridwe antchito a magazi.Kusanthula kumathandiza kudziwa komwe kulumikizana ndi kupatuka kwazomwe zimakhazikitsidwa, kenako - ngati pali kukayikira kwa chitukuko cha matendawa, kuwunika kokhazikika kumayikidwa.

    Coagulogram yokhazikika imaphatikizapo: prothrombin mu% Quick kapena PTI, INR, fibrinogen, APTT, TV.

    Kusanthula kwatsatanetsatane kumapereka kafukufuku wowonjezera, pomwe sikuti amangosintha zofunikira zokha, komanso Zizindikiro zowonjezera zimatsimikizika.

    Kusanthula kwathunthu kwa coagulogram kumachitika chifukwa cha zinthu zambiri zophatikizana, kupatuka kwa zomwe zimasintha mwanjira iliyonse zimabweretsa mavuto akulu. Popanda izi, kafukufukuyu amawoneka kuti ndiwowonetsa.

    Heestasiogram yowonjezera, kuwonjezera pazowonetsa za coagulogram yoyamba, imaphatikizapo TV - nthawi ya Thrombin, Antithrombin III, D-dimer.

    Kuphatikiza pa iwo, mitundu ingapo ya ma cocgulogram amodzi amachitidwa, kuphatikiza zizindikiritso zina zofunika pakuwunika hemostasis m'mikhalidwe yomwe akudziwika (isanachitike opaleshoni, nthawi yapakati, anticoagulant mankhwala).

    Ndi mayeso ati a magazi a shuga omwe ali olondola kwambiri kuchokera pachala kapena kuchokera mu mtsempha?

    Kuyesedwa kwa shuga ndi kofunikira kwambiri pakuwazindikira ndi kuzindikira kukula kwa shuga mwa wodwala. Maphunziro amtunduwu amapangitsa kuti athe kuzindikira kukhalapo kwa kupatuka kuzomwe zikuwonetsa kufunika kwa anthu poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose komwe kumatsimikiziridwa mwa anthu.

    Poyesa, magazi amatengedwa kuchokera ku chala ndi magazi kuchokera mu mtsempha. Kugwiritsa ntchito kusanthula uku ndi njira yabwino yodziwira wodwala matenda ashuga.

    Nthawi zambiri, anthu odwala matenda ashuga amaganiza kuti kuyezetsa magazi, kuchokera mu mtsempha kapena chala, ndiko kolondola kwambiri komanso kopindulitsa kwambiri. Iliyonse ya mawonedwe amtunduwu imakhala ndi chidziwitso chokhudza thupi.

    Kuphatikiza pa chiwonetsero cha kuchuluka kwa shuga, kuchititsa maphunziro otere kumapangitsa kudziwa, kuwonjezera pa matenda ashuga, kupatuka kwinanso pakugwira ntchito kwa dongosolo la endocrine la thupi.

    Njira yotenga magazi a shuga kuchokera m'mitsempha ndi chala imakhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu. Kusiyanaku ndikuti pofufuza shuga kuchokera ku chala, magazi athunthu amagwiritsidwa ntchito, magazi oterowo amatengedwa kuchokera ku chala chachikulu cha chala chapakati, ndipo pofufuza shuga m'magazi a venous, plasma yamagazi ya venous imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza.

    Kusiyana kumeneku kumachitika chifukwa magazi ochokera mumtsempha amakhalanso ndi zinthu zake kwakanthawi kochepa kwambiri. Kusintha kuchuluka kwa magazi kuchokera m'mitsempha kumabweretsa kuti panthawi ya mayeso a labotale zizindikiro zomaliza zimasokonekera.

    Kukula kwa shuga m'magazi kuchokera kumunwe ndi magazi a venous kumasiyana kwambiri, komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe a thupi. Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa glucose kuyenera kuchitidwa atangoyamba kumene kuchuluka kwa glucose m'thupi.

    Momwe mungayesere magazi kuti mupeze shuga kuchokera kumitsempha ndi chala

    Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kumathandizira kuti munthu adziwe ngati ali ndi matenda. Chimakupatsani mwayi kuti mudziwe kuchuluka ndi mtundu wa kukula kwa matenda a shuga, kuzindikira ma pathologies a endocrine system. Biomaterial imatengedwa m'njira ziwiri: kuyambira chala ndi mtsempha. Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa njirazi ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kuchokera pa mitsempha komanso chala.

    Zomwe Zimapangitsa Kuchulukana kwa glucose

    Nthawi zina, kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi kumachitika kawirikawiri mthupi. Izi zimachitika akavulala, ndimavuto am'mimba, mimba, kulimbitsa thupi kwambiri.

    Hyperglycemia imakhala mu zotere kwa kanthawi kochepa. Mkhalidwe wa pathological umawonetsedwa ndikuwonjezereka kwa nthawi yayitali kwa zizindikiro.

    Chomwe chimapangitsa izi ndizovuta za endocrine, zomwe zimayendera limodzi ndi zovuta za metabolic.

    Chochititsa china chotsatira ndi matenda a chiwindi. Pankhani ya malungo, ziwalo zimayikidwa mu glycogen. Chovuta chofananacho ndikudya kwambiri.Mukamamwa shuga wambiri, kapamba alibe nthawi yoti awerenge. Zotsatira zake, zimadziunjikira m'magazi ndipo zimatsogolera pakupanga shuga.

    Kupsinjika kwakukulu kumakhudzanso thupi. Kupanikizika kosalekeza kwa m'maganizo kumapangitsa kuti grenal isamalidwe. Ma mahomoni ena omaliza amakhala ndi mahomoni ena ambiri ofunikira kuti thupi lizisintha. Nthawi yomweyo, misempha ya shuga imakwera kwambiri.

    Matenda osiyanasiyana opatsirana amatha kubweretsa kukula kwa hyperglycemia. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika ndi zotupa njira mu minofu. Zowonjezera zowopsa siziphatikizidwa: kutupa kwapakati komanso kosatha kapena ma neoplasms mu kapamba, infarction ya myocardial, sitiroko, kumwa mahomoni a steroid ndi mankhwala okhala ndi khofi.

    Zizindikiro za Hyperglycemia

    Zizindikiro, pamene amayenera kukayezetsa magazi kuchokera m'mitsempha kapena chala:

    • kamwa yowuma ndi ludzu
    • kufooka ndi kutopa,
    • mabala omwe samachiritsa kwa nthawi yayitali,
    • Kuchulukitsa kwakukuru kwa njala ndi njala yosakwanira,
    • kuyanika ndi kuyabwa kwa khungu,
    • kulephera kwa mtima, kupuma kosagwirizana,
    • kukodza pafupipafupi komanso kuwonjezeka kwamkodzo.

    Ngati zizindikiro zotere zikuwoneka, ndikofunikira kukaonana ndi endocrinologist posachedwa.

    Kuyesa magazi ndi magazi a venous

    Kuyesedwa kwa shuga kumatengedwa ku chipatala, atalandira malangizo kuchokera kwa dokotala. Kuzindikira matenda ashuga kumathanso kuchitidwa kumalo osungira anthu wamba.

    Akuluakulu, kutolera kwachilengedwe kumachitika kuchokera ku chala kapena mtsempha. Mu mwana - makamaka kuchokera ku chala. Mwa ana mpaka chaka, magazi amatengedwa kuchokera kuphazi kapena chidendene. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa njirazi kukugona mu kulondola kwawo. Kugwiritsa ntchito magazi a capillary kumapereka chidziwitso chochepa kuposa magazi a venous. Izi ndichifukwa cha kapangidwe kake.

    Magazi a venous amatengedwa kuchokera mu mtsempha wa ana kuti amasanthule shuga. Amadziwika ndi kukokomeza kwapamwamba. Komabe, silimasungidwa kwathunthu kwanthawi yayitali. Chifukwa chake, plasma imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakufufuza.

    Kulemba zotsatira

    Ngati chizindikiro cha shuga chikusiyana pakati pa 5.6-6.0 mmol / l, adotolo akuonetsa mkhalidwe wodwala matenda ashuga. Ngati malire awa akapitirira, amayi ndi abambo akuluakulu amapezeka ndi matenda ashuga. Kuti atsimikizire matendawa, wodwalayo adayikidwa kachiwiri. Ndikulimbikitsidwanso kukayezetsa magazi a glycated hemoglobin.

    Nthawi zina madokotala amakupemphani kuti mupange mayeso opsinjika ndi shuga. Amachitidwa monga tafotokozera pansipa.

    • Monga chizindikiro choyambirira, magazi osala kudya amatengedwa.
    • Kenako 75 g ya shuga imasungunuka mu 200 ml ya madzi. Madziwo amapatsidwa kwa wodwala kuti amwe. Ngati mayeso apitilira mwana wosakwana zaka 14, mlingo umasankhidwa pamlingo wa 1.75 g wa zinthu pa 1 makilogalamu a thupi.
    • Pambuyo pa mphindi 30, ola limodzi, maola awiri, zitsanzo zamagazi zobwerezedwa zimatengedwa kuchokera mu mtsempha.

    Zotsatira zoyesa magazi kwa shuga zimasankhidwa ndi endocrinologist. Mkulu wama glucose musanatenge madziwo ayenera kutsitsidwa kapena kusinthana ndi chizolowezi.

    Ngati kulolera kwa glucose kumayipa, mayeso apakatikati amawonetsa 10,0 mmol / L m'magazi a venous ndi 11.1 mmol / L mu plasma (magazi kuchokera pachala). Pambuyo maora 2, zizindikirazi zimakhalabe zatsopano.

    Izi zikuwonetsa kuti glucose yemwe adadyedwayo adatsalira m'madzi a m'magazi komanso magazi.

    Zakudya zoyenera zimathandiza kupewa zovuta za shuga mthupi. Muchepetse zakudya zamafuta ambiri m'zakudya zanu.

    Pewani zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi komanso zophika. Imwani mayeso a shuga m'mitsempha nthawi zonse, monga Zotsatira zake zidzakhala zolondola kuposa chala. Dzikonzekereni kafukufuku.

    Pokhapokha ngati mutalandira zotsatira zabwino kwambiri.

    Kuchokera chala kapena mtsempha - magazi a shuga amachokera kuti?

    Kuyesedwa kwa magazi ndi chida chothandiza pofufuzira.

    Ataphunzira za biomaterial zopezeka mu labotale, katswiri sangathe kuyesa mtundu wamatenda okha, komanso zovuta za momwe matendawa adachitikira.

    Werengani za momwe kuchuluka kwa magazi kumachitika, momwe mungakonzekerere mayesowo, ndi tanthauzo lake, werengani pansipa.

    Akuluakulu

    Magazi a shuga mwa akulu nthawi zambiri amatengedwa kuchokera ku chala.

    Njirayi ndiyofala mwachilengedwe, motero imayesedwa ngati gawo loyezetsa kuchipatala kuti alendo onse omwe azipita kuchipatala azitha kuchipatala. Zinthu zowunikirazi zimatengedwa, monga kupenda kwakukulu, kulasa nsonga ya chala.

    Musanachotse mankhwalawa, khungu liyenera kupakidwa mankhwala opangidwa ndi mowa. Komabe, kuyesedwa kwamtunduwu sikutsimikizira kuti zotsatira zake ndi zolondola. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kapangidwe ka magazi a capillary nthawi zonse amasintha.

    Chifukwa chake, akatswiri sangathe kudziwa molondola kuchuluka kwa shuga ndipo, kuposa apo, amatenga zotsatira zoyesedwa ngati maziko a matenda. Ngati akatswiri akufuna zotsatira zolondola kwambiri, wodwalayo amapatsidwa chitsogozo choperekera magazi a shuga kuchokera m'mitsempha.

    Chifukwa cha kusonkhanitsa kwa biomaterial m'malo okhala osabereka kwathunthu, zotsatira za phunzirolo zidzakhala zolondola momwe zingathere. Komanso, magazi a venous sasintha kapangidwe kake pafupipafupi ngati capillary.

    Chifukwa chake, akatswiri amawona kuti njira yoyesera ndi yodalirika kwambiri.

    Mwazi kuchokera pakuwunikira kotere umatengedwa kuchokera kumitsempha yomwe ili mkati mwa chifuwa. Pazowunika, akatswiri adzafunikira 5 ml yokha yazinthu zomwe zimatengedwa mchombo ndi syringe.

    Mwa ana, zitsanzo za magazi nthawi zambiri zimachitikanso kuchokera kunsonga ya chala.

    Monga lamulo, magazi a capillary ndi okwanira kuti azindikire vuto la mwana wa carbohydrate metabolism.

    Zotsatira zodalirika, kusanthula kumachitika mu ma labotale. Komabe, makolo amatha kuchita kusanthula kwawo, pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer.

    Kodi pali kusiyana kotani?

    Monga tanena pamwambapa, kutenga magazi kuchokera pachala sikubweretsa zotsatira zofananira monga kuphunzira zinthu zochokera m'mitsempha. Pachifukwa ichi, odwala matenda a shuga amawayikira onse kuwunika koyambirira komanso kwachiwiri.

    Magazi a Venous, mosiyana ndi magazi a capillary, amasintha msanga mawonekedwe ake, ndikupotoza zotsatira za phunzirolo.

    Chifukwa chake, m'malo mwake, sikuti zomwe zimaphunzirazo zokha, koma pulasma yotengedwa kuchokera pamenepo.

    Momwe magazi amapezeka shuga: capillary kapena venous?

    Yankho la funsoli titha kulipeza powerenga zisonyezo.

    Ngati glucose omwe ali m'magazi a capillary wamunthu wathanzi amachokera ku 3,3 mpaka 5.5 mmol / L, ndiye kuti kwa venous kawaida adzakhala 4.0-6.1 mmol / L.

    Monga mukuwonera, zomwe glucose zomwe zili m'magazi a venous zidzakwera kwambiri kuposa m'magazi a capillary. Izi ndichifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa zinthu, komanso kapangidwe kake (poyerekeza ndi capillary).

    Kukonzekera zopereka zofufuzira

    Kuti mawunikidwe apereke zotsatira zolondola kwambiri, muyenera kukonzekera kaye. Simuyenera kuchita chilichonse chovuta.

    Zikhala zokwanira kutsatira izi:

    1. Masiku awiri asanafike phunziroli, muyenera kusiya mowa, komanso zakumwa zomwe zimakhala ndi caffeine,
    2. chakudya chomaliza musanapereke magazi muyenera kukhala osachepera maola 8. Ndibwino ngati pakati pa chakudya chotsiriza komanso zitsanzo za kafukufukuyu zingatenge maola 8 mpaka 12,
    3. Musanapite ku labotale, musatsotse mano kapena kugwiritsa ntchito chingamu. Mulinso shuga, zomwe zimatha kusokoneza zotsatira za kusanthula,
    4. madzi amathanso kuledzera mopanda malire, koma wamba kapena mchere wopanda mafuta,
    5. Osatengera kusanthula pambuyo pophunzira, pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, ma x-ray kapena kupsinjika.Izi zitha kusintha zolakwika. Chifukwa chake, muzochitika zoterezi, ndikwabwino kuti muchepetse kuwunikirako kwa masiku angapo.

    Kuti zotsatira zake zizikhala zolondola momwe zingathere, ndikofunikira kuyesedwa mu labotale yemweyo, popeza malo osiyanasiyana amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana poyang'ana zotsatira zake.

    Kuzindikira kwa Glucose Algorithm

    Mukalandira biomaterial mu labotale, zonse zomwe zimachitika ndi dotolo wothandizira.

    Kuyamwa magazi kumachitika pang'onopang'ono pogwiritsa ntchito zida zotayira (zotumphukira, chubu choyesera, capillary, syringe ndi zina zotero).

    Asanapange khungu kapena chotengera, katswiriyo amagwiritsa ntchito matendawa pakhungu, pochapa.

    Ngati zatheka. Magazi amatengedwa kuchokera pachala m'njira yovomerezeka, kulasa nsonga ya chala ndi zofinya.

    Ngati mukufuna magazi kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwa glucose kwanu, muyenera kuyika ziwalo zonse (glucometer, diaryic diary, cholembera, syringe, mizere yoyesera ndi zinthu zina zofunika) patebulo, sinthani zakuya kwa kupunthwa ndikusamba manja anu bwino ndi sopo ndi madzi.

    Ponena za chithandizo cha malo opumira ndi mowa, malingaliro a akatswiri pamfundoyi ndi osiyana. Kumbali ina, mowa umabweretsa mavuto, ndipo mbali inanso, kumwa mopitirira muyeso wa vutoli kumatha kuwononga mzere, womwe ungawononge zotsatira zake.

    Mukamaliza kukonzekerako, ikani syringe kumtunda wa chala (pamphumi kapena khutu) ndikanikizani batani.

    Pukutani dontho loyamba lamwazi lomwe linapezedwa mutatha kupyoza ndi nsalu yosabala, ndi dontho lachiwiri pa mzere woyeserera.

    Ngati mukufunikira kukhazikitsa tester m'mamita pasadakhale, izi zimachitika musanapange cholembera. Yembekezani mpaka chipangizochi chioneke chomaliza, ndipo lembani nambala yotsatira.

    Kusanthula kwamtengo

    Funso ili limakhudza aliyense yemwe wapezeka ndi matenda a shuga. Mtengo wautumiki ukhoza kukhala wosiyana.

    Zimatengera dera lomwe ma labotale, mtundu wa kafukufuku, komanso ndondomeko yamitengo ya malo.

    Chifukwa chake, musanalumikizane ndi chipatala, onetsetsani kuti mwatsimikiza mtengo wa mtundu womwe mukufuna.

    Kodi magazi a shuga amachokera kuti? Momwe mungakonzekerere kusanthula? Mayankho onse muvidiyo:

    Kuti muwongolere mokwanira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ndikofunikira kuti musangotengera ma laboratori, komanso kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga kunyumba pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer.

    Amatha kusankhidwa kwa ndani ndipo ndi pamikhalidwe yotani?

    A heestasiogram imalembedwa kwa wodwala omwe ali ndi mayeso otsatirawa, matenda, mikhalidwe:

    • lingaliro la kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka heentatic system,
    • kupatuka kwazizindikiro wamba zamagazi,
    • opaleshoni yokonzekera komanso yodzidzimutsa (kupewa ngozi yotaya magazi ambiri,, kapena, thrombosis yogwira),
    • zotupa zam'mitsempha yam'munsi (mitsempha yamkati, mitsempha ya varicose), ziwalo zamkati, matumbo, pulmonary embolism,
    • hemorrhagic pathologies (hemophilia, hemorrhagic fever, thrombocytopathy, thrombocytopenia, von Willebrand matenda, pafupipafupi nosebleeds, subcutaneous hemorrhages),
    • sitiroko, matenda a mtima, matenda a mtima, matenda a mtima,
    • mimba, kubereka, gawo la cesarean,
    • toxosis yayikulu,
    • kukayikira kwa DIC (kuphatikizika kwa misempha),
    • kuzindikira zomwe zimayambitsa padera,
    • kuwongolera chithandizo ndi magazi kupatulira anticoagulants (Warfarin, Dabigatran, Trental, Heparin, Kleksan, Fraksiparin, mankhwala osokoneza bongo a aspirin),
    • kumwa mapiritsi aliwonse obwezera (kubwereza kamodzi pamiyezi itatu), popeza zinthu zomwe zimapanga kulera pakamwa zimatha kuyambitsa kupweteka kwa azimayi achichepere, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa zovuta,
    • aakulu matenda a chiwindi, kuphatikizapo matenda enaake, kuwunika kwa kapangidwe ka mapuloteni - zovuta zina,
    • autoimmune systemic pathologies (lupus erythematosus, nyamakazi yamatsenga, scleroderma),
    • kumwa mahomoni, anabolics,
    • hirudotherapy (chithandizo ndi leeches) kuti muchepetse kukha magazi (magazi, kuchepa kwa magazi m'mimba).

    Momwe mungakonzekerere kusanthula

    Mtengo wa kusanthula kopanda kolondola kopanda magazi kapena kuphwanya kwa mitsempha yamagazi ndi kuphwanya magazi ndikupanga ziwalo zofunika.

    Kuti phunziroli likhale lodalirika, zofunika poyambira zimafunikira, zomwe zikuphatikiza malamulo akukonzekera awa:

    • makanda mpaka miyezi 12 ya moyo samadyetsa pakadutsa mphindi 30 - 40 musanatenge magazi,
    • Ana azaka 1 mpaka 5 samadyetsanso pakadutsa maola 2 mpaka 3 maphunziro asanachitike.
    • Akuluakulu ndi odwala omwe ali ndi zaka zopitilira 5, lekani kudya maola 12 musanawunike,
    • kupatula kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi kupsinjika kwamphindi 30 mphindi musanapereke magazi,
    • kupatula kusuta fodya mphindi 30 maphunziro asanachitike,
    • kuchenjeza adotolo kuti atenge mankhwala opatsirana.

    Kodi ndingaperekere pati magazi chifukwa chovala? Mtengo wapakatikati

    A heestasiogram imachitidwa ndi othandizira othandizira ogwira ntchito kuchipatala, malo azachipatala, labotale, momwe mumakhala zida zofunika, ma reagents.

    Mtengo woyeserera umatsimikiziridwa ndi mtundu wa coagulogram (woyambira kapena wofotokozedwa), chiwerengero cha magawo otsimikizika ndikuchokera ku 350 mpaka 3000 rubles. Odwala omwe akuyembekezera kubadwa kwa mwana amaphunzitsidwa mwaulere pamaso pa mfundo za MHI, popeza phunziroli ndi la gulu lomwe limayenera kukhala ndi pakati.

    Kodi kusanthula bwanji?

    Mwazi umatengedwa kuchokera m'mitsempha ya heestasiogram. Tsambali la magazi limasanjidwa ndi antiseptic ndipo khungu limakhomedwa pogwiritsa ntchito syringe kapena pulogalamu ya vacuum. Kuvulala kwamitsempha ndi minofu yoyandikana sikuloledwa kuteteza zotsatira zosadalirika chifukwa cholowera zidutswa za thromboplastin kuchokera kuzinthu zowonongeka kulowa biomaterial pakuwerengera.

    Pa cholinga chomwecho, machubu awiri ali ndi magazi, omaliza omwe amatumizidwa kuti awunikidwe.

    Zizindikiro ndi miyezo yosanthula mwa akulu ndi ana

    Popeza njira ya heestasis imayesedwa m'njira zingapo zamayunitsi ndi njira zingapo, mawonekedwe a coagulogram m'malo amtundu wosiyanasiyana amatha kusiyanasiyana.

    Ndizosapeweka komanso koopsa kupenda coagulogram paokha, chifukwa katswiri, akamatanthauzira zizindikirazo, amaganizira zinthu zambiri zomwe sizidziwika ndi wodwalayo, komanso kuphatikiza kwawo. Nthawi zina kupatuka kwazizindikiro zingapo kumakhala koopsa, koma nthawi yomweyo kupatuka kwa ena sikungawonetse matenda akulu.

    Zizindikiro zowunikira - zomwe zimayenerera ndi zomwe zikutanthauza

    Chifukwa cha kuwunika kwa magawo omwe adapezeka mu hemostasiogram, adokotala amatha kukhazikitsa chomwe chimayambitsa kupatuka kwa zinthu kuchokera ku chizolowezi ndikumvetsetsa ngati zidachitika chifukwa cha matenda a metabolism kapena chifukwa cha matenda ena omwe amawonetsa zofanana mu coagulogram, ndiko kuti, kuchititsa kuzindikira kosiyanitsa.

    Nthawi yokhazikitsidwa ndi gawo (gawo) la thromboplastin ndi imodzi mwamagawo ofunikira kwambiri a hemostasis (maumboni ena APTT, ARTT). Ikuwonetsa nthawi yofunikira kuti pakapangidwe ka magazi pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa ma reagents ena m'madzi a m'magazi. Makhalidwe a chizindikirochi akukhudzana mwachindunji ndi kusintha kwazowonetsa zina za hemostasiogram.

    Ma pathologies otheka kupatuka ndi APTT

    • mavitamini otsika a vitamini K, zinthu zosakanikirana, fibrinogen,
    • kumwa mankhwala a anticoagulant, streptokinase,
    • matenda a chiwindi, glomerulonephritis,
    • kuthira magazi kwa volumetric (kuthira magazi),
    • kukhalapo kwa lupus anticoagulant,
    • hemophilia, antiphospholipid syndrome, zokhudza zonse lupus erythematosus,
    • matenda a Willebrand
    • ntchito zoyipa,
    • kutaya magazi.

    Fibrinogen Level (Fib)

    Fibrinogen (factor I) ndipuloteni yapadera yomwe imapangidwa ndi ma cell a chiwindi. Pakumuka kwa zombozo, imasinthika kukhala mafotili osagwira, omwe amalimbitsa unyinji wa thrombus, womwe umatchinga chotengera, osasunthika mpaka kuwonongeka.

    Zotheka ndi matenda ndi kusintha kwa mtundu wa fibrinogen

    • gawo lantchito
    • mimba
    • Kutenga mapiritsi a kulera
    • njira yayitali yotupa
    • atherosulinosis, kusuta,
    • vuto la mtima
    • kuvulala ndi kuwonongeka kwa mtima, kutentha,
    • rheumatism, nephrosis,
    • njira zoyipa
    • ana osakwana miyezi 6
    • kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa thrombolytics (njira yowonongera magazi), anticoagulants ndi antiplatelet agents,
    • kulephera kwa mtima, kulephera kwa chiwindi
    • poyizoni, kuphatikizapo ziphe,
    • gestosis mwa amayi apakati, DIC
    • mavuto atabereka mwana,
    • mononucleosis
    • chotupa champhamvu, leukemia yayikulu,
    • akusowa kwa fibrinogen.

    Prothrombin (chinthu F II)

    Zimatanthauzira zinthu zoyambilira ndipo zimayimira gawo lochepa la mapuloteni, omwe machitidwe a vitamini K amasintha kukhala yogwira thrombin, yomwe imathandizanso pakupanga kansalu komwe kamayambitsa magazi.

    Ngati pali kupatuka kwa zinthu I - II kuchokera ku chizolowezi, izi zikuwopseza kukulitsa magazi komanso kuwonekera kwam'modzi popanda kuwonongeka komanso mapangidwe amitsempha yamagazi yomwe ingatuluke kukhoma la mtsempha kapena mtsempha wamagazi ndikuletsa magazi.

    Kuti mumvetsetse kusintha kwa machitidwe a heestasis, omwe amatsimikiziridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa prothrombin, gwiritsani ntchito mayeso ogwirira ntchito:

    • PTI (prothrombin index). Izi ndi ziwerengero zapakati pa nthawi yomwe munthu amafunikira kuti magazi a wodwalayo athe kusinthika ndikuwonetsedwa kwakanthawi kokwanira kwa plasma yolamulira. Mtengo wabwinobwino uli 97 - 107%. Chizindikiro chotsika chikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa magazi, matenda a chiwindi, kuchepa kwa Vitamini K, kudya okodzetsa, anticoagulants. Kusunthidwa kwa pathological ku mbali yayikulu (nthawi zambiri ndimapiritsi oyendetsera kubala) kumawonetsa kukula kwa magazi ndi chiopsezo cha thrombosis.
    • Chiwerengero (prothrombin ratio) - chizindikiritso chomwe chiri chosiyana ndi gawo la PTI,
    • INR (chiwembu cha mayiko wamba). Amawonetsa kuchuluka kwa mapangidwe a thrombus peresenti. Mlandu wamba womwe umafuna kuyesedwa kwa INR ndi wodwala yemwe akulandira Warfarin, Warfarex, Finilin, Sinkumar.
    • PTV kapena Prothrombin nthawi (PT, PV, RECOMBIPL-PT). Imazindikira nthawi (masekondi) yofunikira kuti prothrombin asinthe kukhala thrombin yogwira.

    Coagulogram - kumatanthauzira kotani, tanthauzo lolondola lazotsatira

    Coagulogram kapena hemostasiogram imalembedwa pakafunika kudziwa magawo a coagulation.

    Nthawi zambiri, vuto lotere limachitika asanachite opareshoni kuti magazi asatayike. Komanso, amayi apakati, anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la mtima, chiwindi, ndi impso amayesedwa.

    Zotsatira zake, zizindikiro zingapo zimapezeka. Piritsi iliyonse payokha komanso kuphatikiza kwake ndikofunikira. Kupenda kwamtunduwu ndi kotani, kodi magazi amachokera kuti, amakonzekera bwanji coagulogram, amafufuza kwamasiku angati, ndipo malamulo otanthauzira zotsatira ndi ati?

    Chifukwa chiyani amadutsa mwayetsatanetsatane wamagazi

    Mwazi umazungulira m'matumbo mu mawonekedwe amadzimadzi, koma ukawonongeka, umakhuthala, umapanga ziwalo zamagazi kuti utseke chilondacho ndikulola kuti minofu yowonongeka ipume. Kuchita uku kumayendetsedwa ndi dongosolo la heestatic. Kuvala kumachitika m'magawo atatu:

    1. Mitsempha yamkati yomwe ili ndi zowonongeka imayambitsa njira za thrombosis. Makoma a zotengera ndi spasmodic kuti muchepetse magazi.
    2. Mapulatifomu amapangidwa m'mongo. Zomwe ndi mbale zomwe zimathamangira kudera lowonongeka ndikumamatira limodzi kutseka chilondacho.
    3. Mu chiwindi, zinthu 15 zophatikizika zimapangidwa (makamaka ma enzymes). Kukumana wina ndi mnzake, pangani nsalu yotchedwa fibrin, yomwe pamapeto pake imasiya magazi.

    A heestasiogram amawonetsa mkhalidwe wa heestasis. Woikidwa pamilandu yotsatirayi:

    • Pamaso ntchito zirizonse kuti mudziwe nthawi yowundana,
    • pa mimba musanabadwe zamtundu uliwonse,
    • matenda a magazi kupanga ziwalo ndi kuwongolera mankhwala awo,
    • mitsempha ya varicose
    • matenda a chiwindi
    • ndi matenda amtima wokhala pachiwopsezo cha kuundana kwa magazi,
    • mukamamwa mankhwala ena,
    • kutaya magazi kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana,
    • aakulu foci a kutupa mthupi.

    Asanachitidwe opareshoni, nthawi yowundana imatsimikiza kupewa magazi. Ndipo ndimatenda amtima, ndikofunikira kupewa kuthinana kuti kupewa matenda a mtima, stroko kapena thrombosis.

    Onerani makanema apa makanema okhudzana ndi anthu

    Kukonzekera njirayi monga momwe mungaziperekere moyenera

    Kuti mupeze zotsatira zodalirika, ndikofunikira kupereka zofunikira kuti zitheke bwino.

    1. Kuyamwa magazi kumachitika m'mawa m'mimba yopanda kanthu. Chakudya chotsiriza chimayenera kukhala osachepera maola 8 kafukufukuyu asanachitike (makamaka 12). Madzulo simungathe kudya zokometsera, osuta, zamafuta ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa.
    2. Osasuta musanayesedwe.
    3. Mutha kumwa. Koma madzi oyera okha.
    4. Mankhwala ena amathandizanso kukopeka ndipo amatha kupangitsa zotsatira zake kukhala zosadalirika. Ndikofunikira kupatsa adokotala mndandanda wamankhwala omwe amwe. Ngati ndi kotheka, masiku awiri asanafike mayeso, muyenera kusiya kumwa mankhwala.

    Mpanda umapangidwa kuchokera mu mtsempha osagwiritsa ntchito chozungulira. Ndikofunikira kuti zinthu zoyesedwa siziyenda bwino. Zotsatira zake zakonzeka masiku 1-2.

    Hemostasiogram ndi amodzi mwa maphunziro ovuta kwambiri. Kuti mudziwe bwino, ndikofunikira kuyesa magazi (zimaphatikizapo chiyani?). Kenako chithunzicho chidzakhala chokwanira.

    Kuphwanya malamulo otenga zinthu kuti ziwunikidwe, kuikidwa magazi posachedwa, kapena kulowa mu gawo la minofu kuchokera m'magazi a capillary kungasinthe zotsatira.

    Kodi kuyezetsa magazi m'magazi kumawonetsa chiyani?

    Heestasiogram ikhoza kuphatikiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chizindikiro. Zonse zimatengera cholinga cha phunziroli. Dokotala akuwonetsa magawo ofunikira mulingo uliwonse.

    Nthawi zambiri, chifukwa cha heestasiograms, zimatsimikiziridwa:

    • Mlingo wa Prothrombin. Prothrombin ndi puloteni wovuta. Kuchuluka kwake kukuwonetsa mkhalidwe wa heentatic system yonse. Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa chizolowezi, chizolowezi cha thrombosis chimawonedwa, komanso ndi m'munsi, magazi.
    • Mlozera wa Prothrombin. Kuwerengera monga gawo la nthawi ya zovuta za wodwalayo chizindikiritso chabwinobwino.
    • INR ndi chiwembu chazaka zapadziko lonse za prothrombin pazomwe zafufuzidwazo zikuwonetsedwa pafupifupi nthawi ino. Ngati chizolowezi chidapitilira, munthu amakhala wokhetsa magazi, pomwe akuchepetsa, kuti apange magazi.
    • APTT - nthawi yodziyimira ya thromboplastin. Nthawi yopanga magazi. Nthawi zambiri zimafufuzidwa tikakumana ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana.
  • Fibrinogen. Chimodzi mwapulogalamu yayikulu ya mapuloteni pakupanga kansalu panthawi yopuma. Kuphatikizika kwa mulingo ndi chikhalidwe cha zotupa. Tingaone kuti pali vuto lalikulu lachiwiri la mtima. Mapuloteni ochepa amawonedwa ndimavuto a chiwindi, chizolowezi chowononga magazi.
  • TV - Nthawi ya Thrombin. Kutalika kwa gawo lomaliza la kusokonekera.
  • Antithrombin III. Amachepetsa kusewera.
  • Kuwerengera.
  • Lupus anticoagulant. Nthawi zambiri kulibe. Kupezeka kwake kungasonyeze njira za autoimmune m'thupi.
  • D-dimer. Amayang'anira njira ya thrombosis. Kuwonjezeka kwadzidzidzi mu paradishi kumeneku kumatha kukhala ndi matenda ashuga, matenda am magazi ndi impso.

    Mutha kuphunzira zambiri zothandiza pakuwunikira thanzi la azimayi pa msinkhu wobala ana kuchokera pa kanema:

    Coagulogram. Kodi kubwereka?

    VTC mu urinalysis

    Thandizani kudziwa kuyesa kwa magazi ambiri

    Magazi ndi zigawo zake zophatikizidwazo ndizizindikiro zolondola kwambiri pa thanzi la munthu. Kafukufuku wazinthu zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa zimalola molingana ndi deta yomwe ilipo pamasamba kuti muwone kusintha koyipa ndikuzindikira matenda osiyanasiyana.

    Kuyesedwa kwa magazi konsekonse kuchokera m'mitsempha kapena chala kumayikidwa popanda kulephera pamene wodwala ayendera dokotala ndi madandaulo aliwonse. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale njira yotchinga yotupa, kupereka mankhwala oyenera a mankhwalawa mu mulingo woyenera, ndikuwunika momwe thupi lake limaperekera chithandizo.

    Kuwunikira kawirikawiri kapena kwachipatala kumayesedwa ndi madokotala onse, kupatula, munthu akafunsira ndi madandaulo osintha moyo wawo ndikumuwona ngati kafukufuku woyambira. Zimathandizira adotolo kuti azitha kulingalira zenizeni za momwe wodwalayo alili panthawiyi, ndikusankha mayeso omwe angayesedwe.

    Kusanthula kwamayendedwe am'magazi ndi njira yofufuzira yomwe imakupatsani mwayi wodziwa zambiri zokhudzana ndi ziwalo zamkati, kagayidwe kazinthu ndipo mumapatsidwa ntchito yofotokozera bwino za matendawa.

    Kapangidwe ka magazi ka munthu wathanzi ndi kokhazikika ndipo kamasinthasintha pokhapokha ngati pali matenda, cholinga cha kutupa, magazi, ndi shuga wowonjezera. Kuyesedwa kwa magazi konse kotengedwa kuchokera mu mtsempha kapena chala kumakupatsani mwayi woti mupeze zoyambira za matendawa musanawonetse zizindikiro zake.

    Kusanthula kwathunthu kumakupatsani mwayi wowonjezera chithunzi ndi kukhala ndi mawonekedwe:

    • chosonyeza mtundu
    • Erythrocyte sedimentation rate,
    • mulingo wa hemoglobin
    • kuchuluka ndi mtundu wa granulocytes ndi agranulocytes,
    • kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira a m'magazi,
    • kuchuluka kwa hematocrit
    • kuchuluka kwa magulu osiyanasiyana a leukocytes - leukoformula.

    Ngati kuli kofunikira kupeza deta yolondola komanso yokhazikika, kuwunikira kowonjezera kwamomweku kumawonetsedwa ndi malo ofunikira.

    Kusanthula kwapadera kuchokera kumtsempha kapena chala kumalimbikitsidwa kuti umatenge pamimba yopanda kanthu, koma izi sizofunikira. Chofunikira chachikulu ndicho kupatula zakudya zamafuta ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa maola 12 mayeso asanayesedwe. Simungathe kufufuza pambuyo poyeza physiotherapy, kutentha kwa dzuwa ndi x-ray.

    Magazi a capillary pakuwunika

    Kusiyana pakati pa venous magazi ndi capillary

    Kupenda kochokera mu mtsempha kumathandizira kuzindikira matenda omwe akukhudzana mwachindunji ndi kayendedwe ka magazi, komanso njira zopewera kutupa. Izi zimathandizidwa ndi kukonzanso kwaukadaulo kwa zida ndi makina onse a magwiridwe antchito.

    Kuti mupange chithunzithunzi cha matendawo komanso momwe matendawa amafunikira, kuperekanso pafupipafupi zinthu zofufuzira kungafunike. Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kumatengedwa kuchokera ku chala kapena kuchokera mu mtsempha, kuchuluka kwa mipanda pachaka ndizochepa.

    Kutenga zinthu kumatenga nthawi yochepa. Zotsatira zake zimadziwika m'maola ochepa. Ngati wodwala amamwa mankhwala, ndikofunikira kudziwitsa dokotala, chifukwa izi zimatha kuyambitsa chithunzi chomaliza.

    Zizindikiro zakufufuza zimapangidwira okhawo omwe amagwira ntchito kuzipatala omwe ali ndi maphunziro apadera. Kusanthula komwe kumachokera mchala kapena mu mtsempha kumatha kukhala kosiyana magwiridwe antchito amisinkhu yosiyanasiyana ndi kugonana. Makhalidwe omwe azimayi amakhala nawo pa nthawi yoyembekezera komanso msambo amasamba nthawi zambiri.

    Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kochokera m'mitsempha kapena chala sikusiyana kwambiri. Komabe, pali mfundo ziwiri:

    • ma capillaries omwe ali ndi mapulateleti ochepa ndi ma basophil,
    • Zomwe leukocytes, neutrophils ndi lymphocyte m'magazi a venous ndi apamwamba kuposa pazinthu zomwe zimatengedwa chala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha ma monocytes.

    Kuyesedwa kwa magazi konse kuchokera mu chala kapena mu mtsempha kumapangidwira malinga ndi mfundo zovomerezeka. Kupatuka pang'ono pazomwe zimachitika musanapangitse matenda kumafunikira kufufuza kowonjezera.

    Mpanda wazomera

    Mtundu wamagazi ndi maphunziro a Rh factor

    Nthawi zambiri mukamalandira chithandizo, pamafunika kudziwa wodwalayo kuti ali m'gulu linalake la anthu, kuti adziwe mawonekedwe a magazi ake. Mutha kudziwa kuti Rh ndi chiyani potenga magazi kuchokera ku chala ndi mu mtsempha, ndipo pali kusiyana pazotsatira zomaliza.

    Akuluakulu, ndikofunikira kubaya mtsempha, pomwe mwana amatha kupereka chala. Kuyesa kwa chala ndikokwanira kuti mudziwe mtundu wamagazi anu, ndibwino kuti mupereke magazi kuchokera m'mitsempha kuti muwone molondola Rh.

    Njirayi imatenga nthawi pang'ono. Pamafunika zinthu zochepa:

    • kuti mudziwe gulu liti la munthu, madontho 4 kapena kuchokera kumitsempha amathandizira pawokha pakayilo lamagalasi,
    • zomwe zakonzedwa zimasakanizidwa ndi ma michere apadera,
    • kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa kuphatikizika kumawonetsa kuti ali m'gulu.

    Laborator diagnostics

    Kukonzekera kwapadera pamaso pa mpanda sikufunika. Potenga zofunikira pakuwunika, madokotala amalangizidwa kuti azipereka magazi kuchokera m'mitsempha, chifukwa izi zimapangitsa kutsimikiza koyenera. Mukamatenga msempha kuchokera m'mitsempha, maselo ofiira samawonongeka m machubu oyesera, osapanga ma microbunches, monga ndi sampillary capillary, yomwe imathandizira kupeza chidziwitso chokwanira chokhudza thanzi lathunthu.

    Zambiri pazomwe zikuwonetsa kuti magazi ndi a venous kapena capillary ayesedwa mu kanema:

    Kodi wodwala aliyense ayenera kudziwa chiyani za kutenga magazi kuchokera m'mitsempha? Ndi mayeso ati omwe angayezedwe? Kodi yankho la kafukufuku wamagazi ndi kafukufuku wamabizinesi ndilovomerezeka motani?

    Zinthu zonse zomwe zili patsamba lino zimakonzedwa ndi akatswiri pantchito ya opareshoni.

    Stanislava Kovtun Kuchotsa chiberekero ndi thumba losunga mazira ndi ntchito yayikulu.

    Kusiya Ndemanga Yanu

    https://pobedidijabetes.org

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