Chifukwa chiyani tikufuna kuyesedwa kwa mbiri ya glycemic?

Mbiri ya glycemic ndiyo njira yophunzirira yodziwika bwino ya shuga m'magazi, omwe amadziwika kuti glycemia. Kumbukirani kuti popeza glucose ndi gwero lofunikira lamphamvu, glycemia (i.e. kuchuluka kwa shuga ) imathandizidwa pamalire ena.

Mwachitsanzo, ubongo umatha kugwira ntchito moyenera pokhapokha pali glycemia wokhazikika. Mkulu wama glucose akatsika pansi pa 3 mmol / L kapena akakwera kupitirira 30 mmol / L, chinthu choyamba chomwe chimachitika ndichakuti munthuyo amasiya kuzindikira ndipo mwina akhoza kugwa.

Nthawi zambiri, vuto lisanayambike, sitiri ndi chidwi ndi zizindikiro za glycemic. Zachidziwikire, pa mayeso apachaka, wothandizira amafunsa kuti apereke magazi kuti awonenso mwapadera, momwe muli gawo la "glucose level". Ngati chilichonse chili mgulu lenileni, wochita zamtsogolo amatha kugwedeza mutu ndi zonse. Koma ngati mulingo wabwinobwino, mantha ayamba.

Kuwongolera glycemic

Koma nthawi zambiri amalemba komwe angapange kafukufuku wapadera: mayeso ololera wa glucose (wotchedwanso kuyesa kwa glucose) kapena kutsimikiza kwa mbiri ya glycemic. Ngati vuto loyesedwa koyambirira lili lomveka kapena lowonekera, ndiye kuti ndi mayeso achiwiri sikuti zonse zimveka.

Ngati mwapemphedwa kukayezetsa mayeso a glucose, konzekerani kukonzekera mayeso a m'mawa komanso kupita kukawunikidwa mwachizolowezi. Kukonzekera uku ndikokwanira. Chonde dziwani kuti kuyesaku ndikufunika nthawi. Ndiye kuti, ndizosatheka kuphonya nthawi ya zitsanzo zinayi zotsatizana za magazi. Kupanda kutero, chiwonetserochi sichingawonetsetse zolondola.

Chifukwa chake, pakadutsa kuyambira 8 mpaka 9 m'mawa mumadutsa yoyamba magazi. Kenako muyenera kumwa kapu yamadzi momwe 75 gr. shuga. Kwa ana, madzi amakonzedwa potengera muyeso wa 1.75 g pa kilogalamu imodzi ya kulemera. Pambuyo pake, zitsanzo zitatu zimatengedwa theka lililonse la ola. Nthawi yakusankha idzawonetsedwa ndi namwino wotsatira. Yang'anirani mosamala.

Tsopano panjira yachiwiri yomwe siyitchedwa kuti glycemic mbiri. Makamaka a njirayi ndiosavuta kuposa kuyeserera kwa glucose, osachepera kuchuluka kwa zitsanzo zamwazi zomwe zimatengedwa - alipo awiri okha. Kuyesa koyamba kumatengedwa, monga momwe mungasankhire koyamba - pamimba yopanda kanthu. Nthawi ndiyambira pa 8 mpaka 9, koma makamaka pa eyiti kapena apo.

Atangomaliza kuyamwa, wodwalayo ayenera kudya chakudya cham'mawa monga mwachizolowezi. Kaya kunyumba, kapena chakudya chomwe mwabwera nacho. Chakudyachi chimakhala chachilendo kuti zisasokeretse chithunzicho. Ndikukonzekera kuti kadzutsa zinachitika pafupifupi 8.30, ndipo patatha ola limodzi ndi theka - pa 10,00 kuyeza magazi kwachiwiri.

Mbiri ya glycemic

M'malo mwake, zitsanzo zinayi zoyeserera za glucose sizimapereka chithunzi cholondola cha kuchuluka kwa shuga. Iyi ndi gawo lalifupi lalifupi la data lomwe silimaliza nthawi yayitali kwambiri masana. Ndipo anthu omwe alowa kale m'mavuto ndi matenda a shuga amafunikira zambiri.

Apa ndipomwe mbiri ya glycemic, yomwe imapangidwira kuwunikira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ndikofunikira. Pa tsiku labwinobwino, munthawi yovomerezeka yokhala ndi katundu nthawi zambiri masana ndi chakudya wamba, ndizotheka kutsata kusintha kwa glycemia.

Njirayi ndiyofunika kwambiri pochiza matenda a shuga, chifukwa amakupatsirani chiwongolero pa njira yochizira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Zoyenera zimapangidwa zomwe zimapereka mwayi kwa dotolo kuti athe kuwunika momwe machitidwe omwe akuchitidwira komanso kusintha kwakanthawi kokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa ndikusankhidwa kwa insulin.

Komanso, adotolo amatha kusintha mankhwala ochepetsa shuga, ndikuchita kukonza zakudya.Njira zoterezi zitha kupewa kupitilira kwa matenda ndikuteteza wodwalayo pakukula kwa zovuta komanso zovuta.

Malamulo a zitsanzo za magazi

Nthawi zambiri, odwala matenda a shuga endocrinologists amalimbikitsidwa kuti azikhala ndi glucometer kuti azigwiritsa ntchito, zomwe ndi zoyenera kuwunika tsiku lililonse.

Kupezeka kwa glucometer kulola wodwala:

• sinthani muyezo wa insulini ndi zolakwika mu zakudya,
• gwira pachiwopsezo cha hypoglycemia mu nthawi,
• lekani mapangidwe a kudumpha kwa glucose, makamaka osakhudza ziwiya zazing'ono zazing'ono,
• Khalani omasuka mu zochita zanu.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti nthawi zina glucometer amasokoneza zowona za glycemia. Mipata yopeza muyeso wodalirika kwambiri imakhala yokwera ngati mungawongolere ndi zomwe zili zotsatirazi:

• ndikofunikira kukonzanso dera lomwe ma sampling magazi adzachitika popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zili ndi mowa. Njira yabwino ndikugwiritsa ntchito sopo,
  
• osafinya dontho la magazi, magazi ake azikhala aulere,
  
• magazi amathira kumadera a zala za zala adzakulirakulira mukadzawasisita musanayambe njirayi. Zotsatira zofananazo zimatheka pochepetsa dzanja. Kapena kuti mukwaniritse vasodilation kudzera pakubowoleza mafuta: futatsani dzanja lanu batiri, gwiritsani ntchito madzi ofunda kapena gwero lina la kutentha.
  
• kupatula kugwiritsa ntchito zodzikongoletsera pakhungu lomwe limakhudzidwa ndi chinyengo.
  
• ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chofanana kuyeza zizindikiro za glycemia, osachisintha masana ndi china.

Kugula glucometer kuti mugwiritse ntchito kumayambitsa mafunso awiri awa:

• mtengo wake pakuwunika kulikonse
• Kodi nditha kutenga magazi.

Mtengo wapakati pa chingwe choyesa (kusanthula kumodzi) kwa glucometer ndi ma ruble 20. Popeza mbiri ya glycemic imaphatikizapo miyezo 10 patsiku, mtengo wake wonse udzakhala pafupifupi ma ruble 200. Ganizirani mtengo wake mu labu kapena foni yanyumba ndikusankha zomwe zingakupindulitseni.

Kusindikiza kwa magazi kuchokera kuminwe imodzi, kumachokeradi, kumabweretsa zovuta m'maganizo koyamba. Komabe, pakapita nthawi, chizolowezi chidzabuka ndipo chotchinga ichi chitha. Mulimonsemo, mamiliyoni a anthu padziko lonse lapansi amagwiritsa ntchito ma glucometer.

Kuwunika algorithm

• Phunziro loyamba limachitika mofulumira m'mawa kutacha pamimba yopanda kanthu,
• Lachiwiri lisanafike chakudya cham'mawa,
• lachitatu - mutadya chakudya cham'mawa, mutatha ola limodzi ndi theka,
• Nthawi yachinayi ndi yachisanu magazi amatengedwa musanadye chakudya chamadzulo ndi 1.5 maola pambuyo pake, motsatana,
• Wachisanu ndi chimodzi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri - asanachitike ndi pambuyo pa maola 1.5 mutadya,
• Muyezo wachisanu ndi chitatu uyenera kuchitika musanagone.
• wachisanu ndi chinayi - 0000,
• Nthawi yakhumi muzigwiritsa ntchito mita adzakhala 3:30 m'mawa.

Kuchotsera kwa zomwe zalandilidwa

World Health Organisation imapereka miyezo yokhala ndi shuga m'magazi onse a m'magazi komanso m'magazi a venous kwa munthu wathanzi. Kudziwa izi kumathandiza kutanthauzira molondola zomwe zapezedwa pofufuza mbiri ya glycemic.

Mafuta othamanga a shuga m'magazi a capillary ayenera kukhala osakwana 5.6 mmol / L, ndipo osakwana maola 7.8 mmol / L 2 atatha kudya. Mu plasma ya venous, glycemia yovomerezeka ndiyokwanira 6.1 mmol / L, ndipo pambuyo ponyamula chakudya - mpaka 7.8 mmol / L. Izi ndi zofunika kwa akulu ndi ana omwe.

Ngati ndizotheka mwamwayi, kamodzi kamodzi kujambula deta yomwe imadutsa 11.1 mmol / L, ndikuwonetsanso kuchuluka kwa glucose ochulukirapo 6.1 mmol / L pamimba yopanda kanthu, ndi oposa 11.1 mmol / L mutatha kudya, ndiye kuti pali onse zifukwa zokhazikitsira matenda a shuga.

Mankhwala osankhidwa bwino amathandizira kukhazikitsa kagayidwe ka shuga.

Zowonetsa za kubwezeretsedwa kwa matenda:

• Ndi mtundu 2, matendawa amawerengedwa kuti amalipiridwa ngati kusala kudya kwamphamvu kwa glycemia kumakhala kochepa kuposa 6.1 mmol / L, ndipo masana masisitimu a shuga samapitirira 8.25 mmol / L. Shuga mumkodzo sapezeka.
  
• Ngati tilingalira za mtundu 1 wa shuga, ndiye kuti kupitirira 10 mmol / l mumkhalidwe wanjala ndikololedwa, glucosuria mpaka 25 g / tsiku imawonekeranso kuti ndi yotheka.

Kwa amayi apakati, Zizindikiro ndizosiyana pang'ono: shuga amawerengedwa osaposa 7.0 mmol / l mumkhalidwe wanjala komanso osapitirira 8.5 mmol / l, maola awiri mutatha kudya. Kupanda kutero, amalankhula za kukhazikitsidwa kwa matenda ashuga.

Kwa odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi vuto la kubwezeretsa kapena kulipirira, mfundo zomwe amapeza zimaperekedwa ndi adokotala. Nthawi zambiri amapitilira zomwe amafunikira. Ndipo izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha zifukwa zingapo, kuphatikizapo thanzi la wodwalayo, chidwi chake pa zochitika za hyper- ndi hypoglycemia, komanso nthawi yayitali ya matendawa.

Pfupifupi Mbiri ya Glycemic

Kuwunikira mwachidule kumatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakusintha kwamaganizidwe a glycemia. Ngati zokayikirazi zikutsimikiziridwa, ndiye kuti pakufunika kukonza dongosolo la mankhwalawa, ndipo chifukwa cha ichi mufunika mbiri yonse ya glycemic, yomwe pambuyo pang'onopang'ono yowunikira ikhoza kuwonetsedwa m'masiku angapo.

Nthawi zambiri kugwiritsa ntchito njira yowunikira, kutembenukira ku mtundu wonse kapena kufupikitsidwa, endocrinologist asankha. Kuyatsa Kusankha kwake kumakhudzidwa ndikuwunika mwatsatanetsatane matendawa: kudziwa mtundu wa matenda osokoneza bongo, njira zakwaniritsidwe wamagulu a shuga, kuchuluka kwa kubwezeredwa kwa njira ya pathological.

1. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu woyamba 1 omwe amakakamizidwa kupita ku insulin alandire chithandizo chatsiku ndi tsiku, kutsatira malangizo a katswiri, kapena kuwongoleredwa ndi momwe mtima wawo ulili.
   
2. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, omwe amalipiritsa chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito insulin nthawi zonse, azichita maphunziro amafupikitsidwa kamodzi pa sabata ndikuwamaliza kamodzi pamwezi. Komanso muyezenso kuchuluka kwa shuga kawiri pa tsiku tsiku lililonse.
   
3. Ngati ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumatheka ndi othandizira a hypoglycemic, ndiye kuti kuwunika kumatha kuchitika kamodzi pa sabata.
   
4. Ngati matenda a shuga amatha kuyang'aniridwa kokha ndi zakudya ndi zakudya, ndiye kuti mtundu wothinikizidwa kamodzi pamwezi ndikokwanira.
   
5. Kudziwa tsiku lililonse la glycemia kumathandiza wodwalayo kutsatira kusinthasintha kosavuta kwa misempha ya magazi ndi kusintha kulikonse m'miyoyo yawo yathanzi: pankhani ya zochulukira zolimbitsa thupi kapena zamaganizidwe, popatuka ku chakudya chomwe chikulimbikitsidwa, munthawi yovuta. Chifukwa chake, zochitika zilizonse zoterezi zikuyenera kutsagana ndi tanthauzo la mbiri ya glycemic.
   
6. Mimba yovuta ndi matenda osokoneza bongo imayesedwanso monga chisonyezo chachindunji cha njirayi.

Mulingo wamba wamagazi

Kutanthauzira kwa mphamvu zama glucose omwe amapezeka pamiyeso kuyenera kuchitika nthawi yomweyo.

Mulingo wazidziwitso za glucosuric:

• kuyambira 3,3 mpaka 5.5 mmol / l (achikulire ndi ana opitilira miyezi 12),
• kuyambira 4.5 mpaka 6.4 mmol / l (okalamba),
• kuyambira 2.2 mpaka 3.3 mmol / l (zatsopano),
• kuyambira 3.0 mpaka 5.5 mmol / l (ana osakwana chaka chimodzi).

Kusintha kwovomerezeka kwa glucose poganizira zazakudya zazing'ono:

• shuga sayenera kupitirira 6.1 mmol / l.
• Maola 2 mutatha kudya pang'ono ndi zakudya zilizonse zopatsa mphamvu, glycemia sayenera kupitirira 7.8 mmol / L.
• kupezeka kwa shuga mumkodzo ndikosavomerezeka.

Kupatuka kuchokera pazizolo:

• kudya glycemia pamtunda wa 6.1 mmol / l,
• shuga ndende pambuyo chakudya - 11.1 mmol / l ndi kwambiri.

Zinthu zambiri zimatha kulimbikitsa zotsatira za kudziwunika kwa glycemia:

• miyezo yolakwika patsiku lopendedwa,
• kudumpha maphunziro ofunikira,
• Kusagwirizana ndi zakudya zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa, chifukwa chomwe magazi amakuwonetsa sakusintha,
• kunyalanyaza malamulo okonzekera kuwunikira zizindikiro.

Chifukwa chake, zotsatira zenizeni za mbiri ya glycemic zimadalira molondola pazomwe zinachitika panthawiyo.

Momwe mungadziwire GP ya tsiku ndi tsiku?

Mtengo watsiku ndi tsiku wa mbiri ya glycemic imawonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga pamasamba 24 ophatikizidwa.

Ntchito yayikulu yowunikira chizindikiritso kunyumba ndikukutenga miyezo molingana ndi malamulo osakhalitsa.

Wodwala ayenera kugwira ntchito ndi mita ndikujambulitsa zotsatirazo ndikulowetsedwa koyenera mu diary yapadera.

Pafupipafupi GP ya tsiku ndi tsiku imakhazikitsidwa payekha kwa munthu aliyense (nthawi zambiri 7-9). Dokotalayo amatha kukuyanjani kuyang'anira kamodzi kwa maphunziro kapena kuchuluka kwa kangapo pamwezi.

Monga njira yowonjezera yowunika kuchuluka kwa glycemia, mawonekedwe ofupika a glucosuric amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Amakhala mukutenga miyezo 4 yamagazi kuti muwone shuga omwe ali momwemo:

• Phunziro limodzi lokhazikika
• 3 miyeso itatha chakudya chachikulu.

Daily GP poyerekeza ndi kufupikitsidwa imakupatsani mwayi kuti muwone chithunzi chokwanira komanso chodalirika cha momwe wodwalayo alili komanso zomwe amagwira.

Kuwunika mwachidule kumathandizidwira kwambiri kwa otsatirawa:

1. Anthu anayang'anizana ndi kuwonetsa koyambirira kwa hyperglycemia, komwe chakudya chokwanira ndi chokwanira. Pafupipafupi GP ndi nthawi imodzi pamwezi.
2. Odwala omwe amatha kusunga glycemia panthawi yochepa mwa kumwa mankhwala. Afunika kuwunika GP kamodzi pa sabata.
3. Odwala omwe amadalira insulin. GP yofupikitsidwa imalimbikitsidwa kuyang'anira tsiku ndi tsiku. Nthawi zambiri, muyezo wabwinobwino wa glycemia umatha kusamalidwa ndi odwala omwe amawunikira nthawi zonse, mosasamala kanthu zomwe dokotala wakupatsani.
4. Mimba ndi matenda ashuga. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti odwala oterowo aziwunika glycemia tsiku lililonse.

Zambiri pazakanema pazizindikiro ndi matenda ashuga:

Zomwe zimakhudza tanthauzo la mbiri?

Zotsatira zoyesedwa komanso pafupipafupi kubwereza kwake zimatengera zinthu zingapo:

1. Ntchito mita. Pakuwunikira, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu umodzi wamamita kuti tipewe zolakwika. Mukamasankha zida, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti mitundu ya zida zomwe zimayeza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a m'magazi ndizoyenera kwambiri kuyesedwa. Miyeso yawo imawerengedwa kuti ndi yolondola. Kuti muwone zolakwika mu glucometer, deta yawo iyenera kuwerengedwa nthawi ndi nthawi ndi zotsatira za kuchuluka kwa shuga panthawi yopereka magazi ndi ogwira ntchito.
2. Patsiku la phunziroli, wodwalayo ayenera kusiya kusuta, komanso kupatula kupsinjika kwakuthupi ndi kwama psycho momwe angathere kuti zotsatira za GP ndizodalirika.
3. Pafupipafupi kuyezetsa kumatengera matenda, monga matenda a shuga. Pafupifupi kukhazikitsidwa kwake kumatsimikiziridwa ndi adokotala, poganizira zomwe wodwalayo ali nazo.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa mayeserowa limodzi ndi chithandizo cha matenda ashuga kumapangitsa kuti izi zitheke komanso, limodzi ndi adotolo, amasintha ku njira zamankhwala.

Mbiri ya Glycemic ndi malamulo ake oyeza

Kuwona shuga m'magazi kudzera mu mbiri ya glycemic ndikulimbikitsidwa kwa odwala omwe amamwa insulin, omwe amathandiza kukhalabe ndi shuga m'magazi a shuga. Chifukwa cha njirayi, mutha kudziwa momwe mankhwalawo amathandizira, komanso kuthekera kolipirira matendawa.

Kuchiritsa kwa kusanthula kumapereka zisonyezo zodziwika bwino: mtundu 1 wa shuga umawonongeka ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga pamimba yopanda kanthu kwa tsiku limodzi sikupitirira magawo 10.Kwa matendawa, chikhalidwe cha kutayika kwa shuga mumkodzo chimalandiridwa, koma osapitilira 30 magalamu.

Samalani

Malinga ndi WHO, chaka chilichonse padziko lapansi anthu 2 miliyoni amafa chifukwa cha matenda ashuga komanso zovuta zake. Pokhapokha pakhale thandizo loyenerera la thupi, shuga imabweretsa zovuta zosiyanasiyana, pang'onopang'ono kuwononga thupi la munthu.

Mavuto ambiri omwe amakonda ndi awa: matenda ashuga a m'mimba, nephropathy, retinopathy, zilonda zam'mimba, hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis. Matenda a shuga amathanso kuyambitsa kukula kwa zotupa za khansa. Pafupifupi nthawi zonse, wodwala matenda ashuga amwalira, akulimbana ndi matenda opweteka, kapena amasintha kukhala munthu wolumala.

Kodi anthu odwala matenda ashuga amatani? Endocrinological Research Center ya Russian Academy of Medical Sayansi yakwanitsa kupanga mankhwala omwe amachiritsiratu matenda ashuga.

Pulogalamu ya Federal "Health Health Nation" ikuchitika, mkati mwa momwe mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kwa aliyense wokhala ku Russian Federation ndi CIS ZAULERE . Kuti mumve zambiri, onani tsamba lovomerezeka la MINZDRAVA.

Matenda amtundu wachiwiri amawerengedwa ngati kulipiriridwa kumawonetsa shuga m'magawo osapitirira 6, komanso mpaka magawo 8.25 tsiku lonse. Kuphatikiza apo, urinalysis sayenera kuwonetsa kupezeka kwa shuga, ndipo umu ndiye chizolowezi chamtunduwu wa matenda ashuga. Zotsutsana ndi izi, wodwalayo ayenera kubwereza kuyesedwa kuti apeze zomwe zimayambitsa shuga mkodzo.

Kuyesedwa kwa shuga kungachitike ndi wodwalayo payekha kunyumba. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito glucometer. Kuti muyeso wotere ukhale ndi zidziwitso zolondola, muyenera kutsatira malamulo ena:

• Musanapereke magazi, ndikofunikira kuchita njira zaukhondo m'manja: sambani ndi sopo. Kenako, mosalephera, zitsimikizirani kuyera kwa "malo" omwe magazi amatengedwa.
• Pofuna kuti tisapeze cholakwika mu matenda a shuga, malo omwe adzachotsere mtsogolo samapukutidwa ndi mankhwala omwe amakhala ndi mowa.
• Magazi amayenera kumwedwa mosamala, malo opumirirawo amatha kutentheka mosavuta. Simungathe kukanikiza pachala kuti mufinyire madzi obwera.
• Kuti muwonjezere magazi, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugwire manja anu pansi pamadzi otentha.

Musanatenge kusanthula kwamatenda amtundu wachiwiri, simungathe kuyika manja anu pazinthu zilizonse zodzikongoletsera zomwe zingakhudze momwe ziriri zolondola.

Owerenga athu amalemba

Mutu: Matenda a shuga apambana

Ku: my-diabet.ru Administration

Ndili ndi zaka 47, ndinapezeka kuti ndili ndi matenda ashuga a 2. M'masabata angapo ndinapeza pafupifupi 15 kg. Kutopa nthawi zonse, kugona, kumva kufooka, kuwona kunayamba kukhala pansi. Nditakwanitsa zaka 66, ndinali ndikumenya insulin yanga, zonse zinali zoipa kwambiri.

Nayi nkhani yanga

Matendawa adapitilirabe, kukomoka kwakanthawi kunayamba, ambulansi imandibwezera kuchokera kudziko lina. Nthawi zonse ndimaganiza kuti nthawi ino ikhala yomaliza.

Chilichonse chinasintha mwana wanga wamkazi atandilola kuti ndiwerenge nkhani imodzi pa intaneti. Simungayerekeze m'mene ndimamuyamikirira. Nkhaniyi inandithandiza kuthana ndi matenda ashuga, omwe amati ndi osachiritsika. Zaka 2 zapitazi ndidayamba kusuntha zowonjezereka, nthawi yamasika ndi chilimwe ndimapita kumayiko tsiku lililonse, ndikumalima tomato ndikugulitsa pamsika. Azakhali anga amadabwa ndimomwe ndimapangira chilichonse, komwe ndimapeza mphamvu zambiri, sakhulupirira kuti ndili ndi zaka 66.

Ndani akufuna kukhala ndi moyo wautali, wamphamvu komanso kuiwalako za matenda oyipawa kwamuyaya, tengani mphindi 5 ndikuwerenga nkhaniyi.

Pitani pa nkhaniyi >>>

Kusanthula koyamba kumachitika m'mawa musanadye kadzutsa (ndiye kuti, pamimba yopanda kanthu), ndiye mumayeza nthawi yomweyo musanadye, kenako maola awiri otsatira (mutatha kudya).

Popeza amafunika kuyeza shuga m'magazi kasanu ndi kamodzi patsiku, madokotala amalimbikitsa kuti azisanthula nthawi yomweyo asanagone, kenako 12 koloko, kenako 3:30 a.m. nthawi yausiku.

Munthawi zingapo wokhala ndi matenda amtundu wachiwiri, madokotala atha kulimbikitsa kufupikitsika kwa wodwalayo, komwe kumaphatikizapo kutenga magazi mpaka kanayi pa tsiku: kamodzi m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu, ndipo katatu pambuyo poti wadya. Malamulo oyendetsera:

1. Ndikofunikira kutsatira malingaliro onse a machitidwe omwe adokotala adapereka kuti asatenge cholakwika mu manambala omwe adapeza.
2. Onetsetsani kuti chipangizo choyeza shuga chimapanga mfundo zomwe sizimapatula kuthekera kwakulakwitsa kwakukulu.

Muli mbiri ya glycemic

Nkhani za owerenga athu

Matenda a shuga kunyumba. Patha mwezi kuchokera pamene ndayiwala za kudumphira shuga komanso kumwa insulin. O, momwe ine ndimavutikira, kukomoka kosalekeza, kuyimba mwadzidzidzi. Kodi ndapita kangati kwa endocrinologists, koma amangonena chinthu chimodzi - "Tengani insulin." Ndipo tsopano masabata 5 apita, popeza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikwabwinobwino, osati jakisoni imodzi ya insulini ndipo chifukwa chonse cha nkhaniyi. Aliyense amene ali ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kuwerenga!

Mwambiri, dokotala amalimbikitsa kuti awunikenso, monga wodwala, momwe akukhalira ndi mtundu wa matenda.

Mtundu wachiwiri wamatendawa ukapezeka, ndiye kuti umayamwa chakudya, ndiye kuti kafukufukuyu amachitika kamodzi pamwezi. Pankhaniyi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mbiri yofupikitsidwa ya glycemic. Zomwe zimayikidwa mukamayesedwa:

Wodwala, akamamwa mankhwala omwe amachepetsa shuga ya munthu, ayenera kupenda sabata iliyonse kunyumba.
Ngati mahomoni amaperekedwa kwa wodwala, ndiye kuti amawunikira mwachidule masiku onse 7, ndipo mbiri ya tsiku ndi tsiku imachitika kamodzi pamwezi.

Kuchita kafukufukuyu kumathandiza kuti odwala azigwiritsa ntchito “chala chamkokomo”, munthawi yake kuti azindikire kuchuluka kwa shuga mumagazi osiyanasiyana, zomwe zimapewe zovuta komanso zotsatira za matendawa.

Fotokozani

Ngati muwerenga izi, mutha kuzindikira kuti inu kapena okondedwa anu mukudwala matenda ashuga.

Tinachita kafukufuku, tinaphunzira zambiri zamagulu ndipo makamaka ndinayang'ana njira ndi mankhwala ambiri a shuga. Chigamulochi ndi motere:

Ngati mankhwalawa onse akaperekedwa, zinali zotsatira zosakhalitsa, atangomaliza kudya, matendawa amakula kwambiri.

Chithandizo chokhacho chomwe chinapereka zotsatira zazikulu ndi Dialife.

Pakadali pano, awa ndiye mankhwala okhawo omwe amachiritsiratu matenda ashuga. Dialife adawonetsa chidwi chachikulu magawo a shuga.

Tidafunsa Unduna wa Zaumoyo:

Ndipo kwa owerenga tsamba lathu lino mwayi
pezani dialife ZAULERE!

Yang'anani! Milandu yogulitsa mankhwala abodza a Dialife tsopano yachulukira.
Mukayika lamulo pogwiritsa ntchito maulalo pamwambapa, mumatsimikiziridwa kuti mukulandila zabwino kuchokera kwa wopanga ovomerezeka. Kuphatikiza apo, mukafuna kuyitanitsa pa tsamba lovomerezeka, mumalandira chitsimikizo cha kubweza (kuphatikizapo ndalama zoyendera) ngati mankhwalawo alibe.

Kuti muwone kupambana kwa chithandizo cha matenda ashuga, thanzi la wodwalayo limayang'aniridwa. Mu odwala matenda ashuga, chofunikira kwambiri ndicho chizindikiro cha shuga m'magazi, malinga ndi momwe adotolo amaweruza kulondola kwa chithandizo. Pofuna kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga masana, wodwala amatenga magazi kuti akawunikidwe. Izi zimachitika m'magawo angapo - mipanda isanu ndi umodzi kapena isanu ndi itatu. Nthawi zambiri, magazi amaperekedwa asanadye komanso ola limodzi ndi theka mutadya. Kafukufuku wotereyu amakupatsani mwayi wowunika shuga wamagazi, komanso kudziwa mphamvu ya mankhwala omwe wodwala amatenga ndi matenda ake.

Malamulo otenga magazi kuti mupeze kafukufuku

Kudziwa kuchuluka kwa glucose ndikofunikira kwambiri pa mbiri ya glycemic. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amadziwa zomwe zimachitika, chifukwa zomwe zalandilidwa zimatilola kuti tiwone zotsatira za mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kuti muwone zotsatira, muyenera kutsatira malamulo angapo:

• musafafanize malo omwe mudzazidwe mtsogolo ndi mowa - chifukwa chakumaso, ndikokwanira kutsuka khungu ndi sopo,
• magazi ayenera kutuluka momasuka kuchokera pamalo opumira, sikofunikira kufinya khungu,
• Musanafufuze magazi, mutha kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kuti muyambe kuyendetsa magazi pamalo omwe mukufuna, kapena kutsitsa mkono pansi,
• Pamaso pa ndondomekoyi, simuyenera kuchitira manja anu ndi kirimu kapena zodzola zina.

Magazi owunikira amayenera kusungidwa patsiku, ndipo wodwalayo ayenera kudziwa momwe angaperekere magazi. Pazomwezi, kusungidwa kwazinthu kumachitika kangapo. Choyamba, wodwalayo amapereka magazi m'mawa kwambiri, kuyesedwa kwa magazi kusanadye. Nthawi yotsatira - musanadye, ndipo ndikofunikira kuchita musanadye chakudya chokwanira. Apanso, magazi amapereka pambuyo chakudya - pafupifupi theka ndi theka mpaka maola awiri. Kusanthula kumachitidwanso mukatha kudya. Nthawi inanso yodziwitsa chizindikiro cha glucose ndiyofunikira asanagone, wodwala akangotsala pang'ono kugona, chizindikiritso cha tsikulo chiyenera kutsimikiziridwa pakati pausiku, ndipo chomaliza theka la 4 koloko usiku. Chifukwa chake, pafupifupi, pafupifupi zitsanzo zisanu ndi zitatu zamagazi zimapezeka tsiku lililonse.

Njira ina yotanthauzira kutanthauzira ndikuwona kufupika kwa glycemic. Kusiyana ndi gawo lokwanira tsiku ndi tsiku ndikuti wodwalayo amayeza shuga m'magazi kanayi - kamodzi m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu komanso katatu katatu atatha kudya. Phunziro lotereli siliyenera kuchitika palokha, limayikidwa ndi adokotala, chifukwa ayenera kuganizira zolakwa pazotsatira zomwe zaperekedwa.

Posankha mtundu wa glycemic, wodwalayo ayenera kudziwa kuti kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi pafupifupi 10 peresenti kuposa momwe amapezeka m'madzi am'mitsempha. Chifukwa chake, kuti mupeze zotsatira zoyenera, ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito ma glucometer apadera, omwe amatha kuyeza chizindikiro ichi m'madzi a m'magazi.

Ndizofunikanso kudziwa kuti madokotala amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizocho kuti zolakwa ndizochepa. Chifukwa chake, wodwalayo amatha kupeza zotsatira zolondola kwambiri zokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ake, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakufunikira kwakanthawi kudziwa mawonekedwe a glycemic. Ngati pali zopatuka zina zikuwonetsa pakudziona nokha, wodwalayo ayenera kulumikizana ndi chipatala komwe amayeza. Izi zikuthandizani kuti mufananitse zotsatira ndikuzindikira zolakwika. Mungafunike kusintha mita, ngati chipangizocho chikuyamba kuwonetsa deta yolakwika.

Kangati kuti mudziwe momwe glycemic ili?

Ndikofunikira kuti wodwalayo adziwe mtundu wawo wa glycemic, chifukwa ndi chizindikirochi chomwe chikuwonetsa zotsatira za mankhwala ena. Kuchulukitsa kwa muyeso wa mbiriyo kumatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wa wodwala matenda ashuga, mtundu wa matenda ndi njira yothandizira. Tikulemba magulu akuluakulu a omwe amalimbikitsidwa kuti adziwe okha mbiri ya glycemic:

1. Odwala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wobwereza wa insulin ngati chithandizo ayenera kuyeza kuchuluka kwa magazi malinga ndi momwe dokotala amafotokozera (nthawi zambiri zimagwirizana ndi endocrinologist) kapena kutengera momwe akumvera.
2. Kuchuluka kwa shuga kumathandizidwanso panthawi yapakati, makamaka ngati mayi woyembekezera akudwala matenda a shuga. Shuga amathandizidwanso pambuyo pake kupewa matenda a shuga.
3. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga a mtundu wachiwiri, momwe amathandizira pakudya, sangathe kudziwa zambiri, koma amafupikitsidwa. Izi ziyenera kuchitika kamodzi pamwezi.
4. Kwa odwala matenda ashuga amtundu wachiwiri, mankhwalawa omwe amachitika ndi mankhwala, tikulimbikitsidwa kudziwa mawonekedwe apafupi kamodzi pa sabata.
5. Ngati wodwala wa mtundu wachiwiri amagwiritsa ntchito insulin pokonzekera, ndiye kuti ayenera kutsimikiza mtima kamodzi pamwezi, kamodzi pa sabata mutha kupanga mbiri ya glycemic, komanso kamodzi kapena kawiri pa tsiku kuti azilamulira shuga.
6. Pakupatuka kulikonse pachakudya, kudya mosakonzekera, kapena chifukwa china, timalimbikitsidwanso kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Kutanthauzira kwa Zotsatira

Mtengo woyenera posankha mbiri ya glycemic uyenera kukhala pamtunda kuchokera pa 3.5 mpaka 5.5 mmol / l - izi ndiye zofunikira. Pankhani ya kufooka kwa glucose kagayidwe, chizindikirocho chimakwera mpaka 6.9 mmol / l, ndipo kale nambala ya 7 itadutsa, madokotala amakaikira shuga m'magazi ndipo amatenganso njira zina zowongolera matendawa.

Kuzindikira mbiri ya glycemic, wodwalayo amachita kangapo patsiku kangapo muyeso wa shuga wa magazi pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chapadera - glucometer.

Kuwongolera koteroko ndikofunikira kuchitidwa kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa insulin yomwe imayendetsedwa mu mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga, komanso kuwunikira moyo wanu ndi thanzi lanu kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kapena kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi.

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kuchitidwa, ndikofunikira kujambula zomwe zalembedweratu.

Odwala omwe apezeka ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga, omwe safuna insulin tsiku lililonse, amayesedwa kuti adziwe mawonekedwe awo a glycemic osachepera pamwezi.

Muyezo wazizindikiro wodwala aliyense akhoza kukhala payekhapayekha, kutengera kukula kwa matendawa.

Kodi zitsanzo zamagazi zimachitika bwanji kuti mupeze shuga

Kuyesedwa kwa shuga kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer kunyumba.

Kuti zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zikhale zolondola, malamulo ena ayenera kusamalidwa:

• Musanayesedwe magazi kuti mupeze shuga, muyenera kusamba m'manja ndi sopo ndi madzi, makamaka muyenera kusamalira zaukhondo komwe malo operekera magazi amayeserera.
• Tsambalo silimapukutidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti tisasokoneze zomwe zapezeka.
• Kuyesa kwa magazi kuyenera kuchitika pang'onopang'ono ndikusesa malowo pachala. Palibe chifukwa muyenera kufinya magazi.
• Kuti muwonjezere magazi, muyenera kugwirana manja kwakanthawi pansi pa mtsinje wamadzi ofunda kapena kupukutira chala dzanja lanu kumene kuchokerako kukachitika.
• Musanachite mayeso a magazi, simungagwiritse ntchito mafuta monga mafuta ndi zinthu zina zomwe zingakhudze zotsatira za phunziroli.

Mlingo wa shuga

Pali magawo awiri omwe amayesa shuga wa seramu: mmol / L ndi mg / dl. Yoyamba imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.

Zotsatira zakusala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuthamanga kwa maola eyiti, siziyenera kupitirira malire a 5.5 mmol / L. Maola awiri mutatha kulongedza mafuta am'mimba, malire apamwamba ndi 8.1 mmol / L. Ngati nthawi yochulukirapo yadutsa, ndiye kuti mulingo woyambira ndi 6.9 mmol / L.

Ngati mukukayikira matenda ashuga, muyenera kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a glycemia. Kuwunikaku kuyenera kutengedwa nthawi zosiyanasiyana kuti athe kudziwa momwe moyo ulili pa mbiri ya glycemic.

Munthawi yovomerezeka, glycemia imachuluka pambuyo podya, koposa zonse zomwe zimakwezedwa ndi zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi chakudya chambiri kapena zopatsa mphamvu. Kutengera ndi nthawi ya tsiku komanso chakudya, kuchuluka kwake kumasiyanasiyana.

Manambala akusala amawonetsa glycemia atatha kudya maola 8. Uku ndiye kuyesa koyamba komwe ngati mukukayikira matenda ashuga kapena prediabetes (kuleketsa chakudya chamthupi). Anthu odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuyesedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu asanamwe mankhwala ochepetsa shuga.

Nthawi zina kusanthula kumayikidwa kangapo patsiku, pomwe munthu wathanzi sangakhale ndi kusinthasintha kwakukulu mu glycemia.Koma ngati mbiri ya glycemic ili ndi mipata yayikulu, ndiye kuti, pali zovuta zina zomwe zimachitika ndi maselo poyimitsidwa ndi Langerhans.

Kulemba zotsatira

Zizindikiro zomwe zimaposa kuchuluka kwazomwe zimayimira matenda a shuga, koma ma pathologies ena amathanso kubisika pansi pa chigoba chake. Matenda a shuga amakhazikitsidwa pamaziko a kupyola malire apamwamba a glycemic ndi:

• kuphunzira mwachangu kwa 7.0 mmol / l shuga osachepera kawiri,
• mutatha kudya, katundu wa carbohydrate kapena mwachisawawa chifukwa cha kusanthula masana (kuyambira 11.1 mmol / l).

Pofuna kuti musayambitse kwambiri glycemia, muyenera kudya michere yambiri komanso mapuloteni am'mawa. Zopangira zabwino kwambiri izi ndi mazira, masamba, nsomba ndi nyama yopendekera.

Mawonetsedwe ofala kwambiri a matenda ashuga ndi ludzu ndi kukodzekera mwachangu, komanso chidwi chokwanira, kusaona bwino, komanso kumva kutopa m'm mikono ndi miyendo.

Ngati malire apamwamba a shuga amapezeka pang'ono (mpaka 6.9 mmol / l), ndiye kuti ndi prediabetes.

Magazi a glycemic apamwamba kuposa abwinobwino amatha kuchitika chifukwa cha njirazi:

• kupsinjika kwakukulu
• pachimake myocardial infaration,
• kupweteka kwambiri,
• acromegaly
• Cushing's matenda kapena matenda,
• kumwa mankhwala (corticosteroids).

Mwina zoterezi ndizomwe kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatsika kuposa malire ake abwinobwino. Vutoli limachitika nthawi zambiri ndi insulinomas - zotupa zomwe zimapanga insulin yambiri.

Kafukufuku wazokhudza magazi.

Magazi a maphunziro ambiri amatengedwa kwambiri pamimba yopanda kanthu, ndiye kuti, pakatha maola 8 pakati pa chakudya chotsiriza komanso kupereka magazi (makamaka maola 12). Madzi, tiyi, khofi, ayeneranso kupatulidwa. Mutha kumwa madzi. Masiku 1-2 pamaso pa mayeso, kupatula zakudya zamafuta ndi mowa pazakudya. Ola limodzi musanatenge magazi, muyenera kupewa kusuta. Asanapereke magazi, zolimbitsa thupi siziyenera kupatula. Magazi sayenera kuperekedwa mwachangu atatha njira zoyesera za radiation (X-ray, ultrasound), kutikita minofu, Reflexology kapena njira zolimbitsa thupi. Popeza njira zosiyanasiyana zakufufuzira ndi mayunitsi atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti zizichitika mu labotale momwemo kuti mumayesedwe olondola ndikufanizira zotsatira za mayeso anu a labotale. Kuti mudziwe cholesterol, lipoproteins, magazi amatengedwa pambuyo pakupita kwa maola 12-14. Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa uric acid, ndikofunikira kutsatira zakudya: kukana kudya zakudya zokhala ndi purines - chiwindi, impso, kuchepetsa nyama, nsomba, khofi, tiyi mu zakudya. Chikhalidwe cha cholesterol yamagazi ndi 3.08-5.2 mmol / l

Momwe mungayesere magazi kuti mupeze shuga.

Kuti mupeze cholinga choyenera, ndikofunikira kuwunika kaye musanayesedwe magazi:

• dzulo lake kusanachitike kuti musamwe mowa,
• Chakudya chotsiriza chikuyenera kukhala maola 8 mpaka 12 musanawerengetsedwe, mutha kumwa, koma madzi okha,
• m'mawa kusanachitike kusanthula, simungathe kutsuka mano, chifukwa mano opaka mano amakhala ndi shuga, omwe amatengeka ndi nembanemba yamkamwa ndipo amatha kusintha umboni. Komanso, musafune chingamu.

Kuyesedwa kwa shuga kwa shuga kumatengedwa kuchokera ku chala. Mukatenga magazi kuchokera mu mtsempha, kafukufukuyu adzachitika pogwiritsa ntchito chosanthula chokha, chomwe chimafunikira magazi ochulukirapo. Komanso pakadali pano ndikotheka kukayezetsa magazi kunyumba pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer - chida chosakira shuga. Komabe, mukamagwiritsa ntchito mita, zolakwika ndizotheka, nthawi zambiri chifukwa chotsekeka kotheka kwa chubu ndi zingwe zoyeserera kapena kusungidwa kwawonekera. Izi ndichifukwa choti mukalumikizana ndi mpweya pamiyeso yolumikizira mizere, zimachitika ndi mankhwala ndipo zimawonongeka.M'magazi omwe amatengedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu kuchokera kwa munthu wamkulu, shuga (shuga) ayenera kukhala wogwirizana kuyambira 3.5 mpaka 5.5 mmol / L.

Mbiri ya Glycemic.

Mbiri ya glycemic ndi kuyang'ana kwamphamvu kwa shuga masana. Nthawi zambiri, zitsanzo za 6 kapena 8 zamagazi zimatengedwa kuchokera kuchala kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa shuga: musanadye chilichonse komanso mphindi 90 mutatha kudya. Kudziwa mbiri ya glycemic kumachitika kwa odwala omwe akutenga insulin chifukwa cha matenda ashuga. Chifukwa cha kuwunika kwamphamvu kwamisempha a m'magazi, ndikotheka kudziwa momwe mankhwalawa amathandizira kulipira shuga. Kuunikira kwa zotsatira za mbiri ya glycemic: Kwa mtundu I shuga mellitus, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumawerengedwa ngati kulipidwa kwake pamimba yopanda kanthu ndipo masana sapitirira 10 mmol / l. Kwa matenda amtunduwu, kuchepa pang'ono kwa shuga mumkodzo ndikololedwa - mpaka 30 g / tsiku.

· Mtundu Wachiwiri wa shuga wotchedwa mellitus umawerengedwa ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi sikupitirira 6.0 mmol / L, ndipo masana - mpaka 8.25 mmol / L. Mafuta a mkodzo sayenera kuwonekera.

Sipinda yotseka.

STG ndi muyezo wololera shuga. Amatchedwanso kuti Glucose kulolerana mayeso (GTT). Zikuwonetsa mkhalidwe wa kagayidwe kazakudya. STH imachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu (chakudya chomaliza chimadya chakudya chamadzulo, maola 12 pamaso pa STH), ndi glucose katundu wa 1.75 g / kg thupi, koma osaposa 75 g pakulandila.

kusala shuga, ola limodzi ndi maola awiri mutatha kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Munthu wathanzi amakhala ndi magazi othamanga osachepera 5.5 mmol / l, omwe amalekerera glucose (dzina lakale ndi latent kapena latent shuga mellitus) - kuyambira 5.5 mpaka 7 mmol / l, yemwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo a shuga - oposa 7 mmol / l. Ola limodzi pambuyo pake, mwa munthu wathanzi, msinkhu wa shuga umakwera mosaposa 30% ya magawo oyambira. Pambuyo pa maola awiri, shuga wamagazi mwa munthu wathanzi amakhala ochepera 7.2 mmol / L, ndi kulolerana kwa glucose (NTG) - kuyambira 7.2 mpaka 11 mmol / L. Kuwonjezeka kwa shuga oposa 11 mmol / l kumawonetsa kukhalapo kwa matenda a shuga.

Malangizo otengera mkodzo.

Mikhodzo imatengedwa pambuyo pachimbudzi chokwanira cha genitalia yakunja mu thumba losalala lomwe lili ndi chivindikiro chosindikizidwa. Ngati mukukayikira urethritis, gawo loyamba la mkodzo limasonkhanitsidwa (kumayambiriro kukodza), nthawi zina, gawo lalikulu la mkodzo (pakati pokodza). Mimbulu imasonkhanitsidwa mu 10-30 ml. Kutumiza nthawi ku labotale - osaposa maola atatu. Mikhodzo imasonkhanitsidwa m'mawa, pamimba yopanda kanthu, komanso zam'mawa zikagona. Asanatenge mkodzo, chimbudzi chokwanira cha ziwalo zakunja chimachitika. Kusungika kwakutalika kwa mkodzo m'chipinda kutentha mpaka phunzirolo kumabweretsa kusintha kwa zinthu zathupi, kuwonongeka kwa maselo ndi kukula kwa bakiteriya. Pankhaniyi, kwakanthawi, mkodzo ungathe kusungidwa mufiriji, koma osabwera ndi kuzizira! Mkozo iyenera kuperekedwa kwa a labotale mu chosungira kapena botolo lagalasi lakuda. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yoyesa mkodzo.

· Urinalysis Sonkhanitsani gawo lonse la mkodzo wa m'mawa ndi mkodzo waulere mu chidebe choyera chagalasi, sakanizani bwino ndi kutsanulira 50-100 ml pachidebe kuti muperekedwe ku labotale.

· Kusanthula kwa mkodzo malinga ndi Nechiporenko. Sungani UTHENGA WOPEREKA wa mkodzo wa m'mawa ndi mkodzo waulere mu chidebe kuti mutumize ku labotale.

Zisonyezero kafukufuku: pachimake komanso matenda a purulent-yotupa matenda a kwamikodzo cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis.

Malangizo potolera sputum.

Morut sputum (asanadye), womasulidwa panthawi yokwanira kutsokomola, amasonkhanitsidwa mumtsuko kapena mu chidebe chosawoneka bwino (chosindikizira chakumbuyo) ndi chivindikiro chosindikizidwa. Musanatole zakuthupi, ndikofunikira kutsuka mano ndikusambitsa pakamwa panu ndi madzi owiritsa kuti muchotse zinyalala za chakudya ndi mkamwa microflora.Ngati sputum yapatukana pang'ono, oyembekezera amayenera kutengedwa tsiku lotsatira kuti atenge zinthu. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito aerosol inhalation, yomwe imakwiyitsa kubisala kwa bronchi kapena kugwiritsa ntchito kupweteka kwa njira yotsekemera ya saline hypertonic kwa mphindi 10-20. Sputum imatha kusungidwa mufiriji pa 3-5 ° C osaposa maola atatu musanayesedwe.

Zisonyezero kafukufuku: kupuma thirakiti matenda, bronchitis, chibayo.

Kupenda kwamtundu wama genitourinary.

Chida chowunikira ndi microscopic (smear) chimatengedwa ndi chitsulo chosafunikira chowoneka bwino komanso chosemedwa pa galasi. Ma smear ochokera m'malo osiyanasiyana atayikidwa pagalasi lomwelo, ZINSINSI ZOgwiritsira Ntchito Smear Mverani: "U" ndiye urethra, "V" ndiye nyini, "C" ndiye ngalande yachiberekero. Zitsanzo zazitsulo zimachitika ndi ogwira ntchito m'madipatimenti azachipatala:

Gynecologist (azimayi),

Urologist (wa amuna).

The cytological smear imatengedwa, malinga ndi zofunikira, kuchokera kumagawo atatu a mucosa wamkazi: kuchokera kumiyendo yake, kuchokera kunja kwa khomo pachibelekeropo komanso pa njira ya khomo pachibelekeropo. Pankhaniyi, spatula yapadera imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mukatenga, aliyense sampuli imayikidwa pagalasi, kenako ndikuitumiza kuti ikawunike bwino ku labotale ya cytology. Pamenepo, ma smtars a cytological amaphunzitsidwa mwatsatanetsatane kupezeka kwa kupatuka pang'ono mumapangidwe a maselo. Pafupipafupi pamakhala swab kamodzi pachaka kapena chaka ndi theka.

Kukonzekera kwa smear:

Nthawi yabwino yokhala ndi smear nthawi iliyonse popanda kusamba. Masiku awiri isanayambike mayeso, pewani zotsatirazi, chifukwa izi zitha kumasula maselo osayambitsa ndi zotsatira zabodza zotsutsa:

Kukonzekera kwamkati (kupatula zomwe zidalembedwa ndi dokotala)

· Njira zakulera za kulera monga zopangira uchembele, mafuta okumba kapena ma jellies.

Wonunkhira sayenera kukhala wopweteka. Ngati mayi akumva kupweteka pakamayesedwa, ayenera kuyitanira adotolo.

Cop program.

Masiku 7-10 musanayesedwe, lembani mankhwalawa (mankhwala onse amadzimadzi, bismuth, chitsulo, mafuta othandizira, makonzedwe ndi mankhwala ena omwe amakhudza chimbudzi ndi mayamwidwe). Simungachite enemas mawa. Pambuyo pakuwunika kwa X-ray pamimba ndi matumbo, kusanthula kwa fecal ndikosatheka osakwanitsa masiku awiri pambuyo pake. Pakadutsa masiku 4-5, muyenera kutsatira zakudya zotsatirazi: mkaka, mkaka, chimanga, mbatata zosenda, mkate woyera ndi batala, mazira 1-2 owiritsa, zipatso zatsopano. Ndowe zimatengedwa pambuyo poyenda matumbo osayimira mu pulasitiki yotayidwa yomwe ili ndi chidindo chosindikizidwa. Pikodzo la mkodzo liyenera kupewedwa. Chidebe chokhala ndi ndowe chimayenera kuperekedwa ku labotaleti tsiku lomwe zinthuzo zitengedwa, zosungidwa mufiriji (4-6 C0) zisanachitike.

Kusanthula ndowe za mazira a helminth (mazira owononga).

Tinthu tosungidwa timatengera thumba lonyowa ndi chosungira ndi supuni mu kuchuluka kosaposa 1/3 ya buku la chidebe. Zida ziyenera kuperekedwa ku labotale tsiku lomwelo. Pakutola, pewani zosayikitsa za mkodzo womwe umatulutsidwa ndi ziwalo. Zisonyezo pacholinga cha kusanthula:

· Amaganiziridwa kuti ali ndi matenda a helminth,

· Kusanthula "chotchinga" (nthawi yogonekera kuchipatala, kapangidwe ka mabuku azachipatala, ndi zina).

Kuyeserera kwa magazi kwamatsenga a Fecal.

Masiku 7-10 musanayesedwe, lembani mankhwalawa (mankhwala onse amphumo, bismuth, chitsulo). Simungachite enemas mawa. Pambuyo pakuwunika kwa X-ray m'mimba ndi matumbo, kusanthula kwa fecal kumayikidwa palibe kale kuposa masiku awiri pambuyo pake. Musanapendeke, musatenge nyama, chiwindi ndi zinthu zonse zomwe zimakhala ndi chitsulo (maapulo, tsabola waku Bulgaria, sipinachi, nyemba zoyera, anyezi wobiriwira) kuchokera muzakudya masiku atatu. Ndowe zimatengedwa pambuyo poyenda matumbo osayimira mu pulasitiki yotayidwa yomwe ili ndi chidindo chosindikizidwa.Pikodzo la mkodzo liyenera kupewedwa. Chidebe chokhala ndi ndowe chimayenera kuperekedwa ku labotaleti tsiku lomwe zinthuzo zitengedwa, zosungidwa mufiriji (4-6 C0) zisanachitike.

Kusonkhanitsa ndi kusunga kwachilengedwe (magazi) pophunzira za autoantibodies a ELISA (matenda)

Njira yotenga magazi. Mukapereka magazi a venous, ndikofunikira kupatula zina zomwe zimakhudza zotsatira za kafukufukuyu: kupsinjika kwa thupi ndi m'malingaliro, kusuta (ola limodzi musanayambe kuphunzira). Sizoletsedwa kutenga magazi kuchokera m'mitsempha nthawi yomweyo wodwala atangopeza mayeso a X-ray ndi ultrasound, komanso pambuyo pa njira ya physiotherapeutic. Ndikulimbikitsidwa masiku 1-2 phunziroli lisanafike popewa kuti asadye zakudya zamafuta ndi mowa. Ngati mukumwa mankhwala, onetsetsani kuti mwadziwitsa dokotala. Kuyamwa kwa magazi posankha mahomoni kumachitika m'mimba yopanda kanthu (maola 6-8 mutatha chakudya chomaliza). Mwa azimayi amsinkhu wobereka (kuyambira zaka zapakati pa 12 ndi 13 mpaka kumayambiriro kwa kusintha kwa msambo), zinthu zokhudzana ndi gawo la msambo zimayambitsa zotsatira, chifukwa chake, mukamayang'ana mahomoni ogonana, muyenera kufotokoza tsiku la msambo (msambo). Kuchulukitsa kwa magazi kumachitika kuchokera m'mitsempha m'masiku oyamba masana (mpaka maola 12) kupita mu chubu cha pulasitiki yotayidwa popanda anticoagulant wozungulira wa 4-8 ml. Magazi amasonkhanitsidwa mu chubu chosawuma, mono-syringe kapena vacuum tube (Vacutainer®, Vacuette®) ndi kapu yofiyira. Zomwe zimayenera kuphunziridwa ndi seramu.

Malamulo osonkhanitsa mkodzo:

Kuchita chimbudzi chokwanira cha genitalia yakunja ndi malo a anus ndi madzi otentha owiritsa ndi sopo (atsikana amatsukidwa kuchokera kutsogolo kupita kumbuyo). Tsitsani ndi nsalu yosalala. Mutu wa phunziroli ndi gawo limodzi la mkodzo wam'mawa womwe wamasulidwa. Zitsanzo muyezo wa 20-50 ml (mwa ana - 10-15 ml) ziyenera kusungidwa mu chidebe chosiririka cha pulasitiki chokhala ndi chotseka.

Malamulo a kusonkhanitsa sputum.

Unikani sputum womata bwino (makamaka m'mawa), pamimba yopanda kanthu. Wodwala ayenera kuyamba kutsuka mano ndikutsuka mkamwa ndi mmero ndi madzi. Osasonkhanitsa malovu ndi zotulutsa zam'mimba. Kunyumba, kuti muchepetse sputum bwino, mutha kumwera chakumwa chotentha, chochuluka, kuchita kutikita minofu yakumbuyo. Sputum imasonkhanitsidwa mu chosowa pulasitiki chokhala ndi banga.

Malamulo a kusonkhanitsa matumbo a dysbiosis.

Masiku angapo phunzirolo lisanachitike kafukufukuyu sayenera kukhala ndi makala opangidwa ndi makala ndi zinthu zina. Kusankhidwa kwa zinthu zopangidwa patsiku la kusanthula. Mphika kapena chiwiya chimaphikidwa kale kachakudya, kutsukidwa bwino m'madzi a sopo, kutsukidwa, kuthiridwa ndi madzi otentha, ndikukhazikika. Kutola chopondapo, simungathe kugwiritsa ntchito pepala la kuchimbudzi, simungadetse mkodzo. Tiyeni titenge zojambula kuchokera pa diapola kapena papepala lopukusira. Chotengera cha pulasitiki chosalala chomwe chili ndi spatula ndi screw cap ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti azisonkhanitsa.

Zinthu zomwe zimasungidwa zimatengedwa ndi spatula yomwe imayikidwa pachivuto cha botolo kuchokera pakati ndikumaliza kwa ndowe (3-4 spatulas - 1.5-2 g). Ndowe zamadzimadzi sizidzaza kupitirira 1/3 ya vial.

Ngati sizotheka kuperekera zinthuzo ku labotale mkati mwa maola awiri, muyambowo ungathe kusungidwa pamawonekedwe a + 8 ° C osaposa maola 5.

Malamulo okoletsa mkaka wa m'mawere

M'mawa wa mayeso, mayi amasamba ndi kuvala bafuta. Musanafotokozere mkaka, sambani m'manja ndi sopo ndi chigoba. Kenako muzisambitsa bere lamanzere ndi lamanja ndi madzi ofunda ndi sopo ndikupukuta ndi thaulo loyera. Pamaso pa nsonga zam'mimba komanso m'mbali mwa tinthu timene timayamwa timathandizika ndi thonje losiyanitsidwa ndi 70 ° C ethanol. Gawo loyamba la mkaka wa m'mawere limatsanulidwa, lotsatira 3-4 ml limayesedwa kuchokera ku chinyezi chilichonse kukhala mbale yosyanasiyana (chidebe).Pakupita maola awiri, mkaka wa m'mawere uyenera kuperekedwa ku labotale.

Pankhani yoyeserera chilonda, zinthu zimatengedwa pachilondacho musanayambe kuvala.

Mukamayang'ana zotupa za pakhosi, kutenga zinthu musanadye chakudya, wodwala samalimbikitsidwa kutsuka mano.

Kodi lingaliro ndi lotani?

Mlingo wa glucose m'thupi la munthu ukusintha mosalekeza.

Zosintha pa chizindikiritso cha munthu wathanzi zimasiyana malinga ndi momwe thupi limakhalira.

Zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimakhudza shuga.

Mwazi wamagazi mwa munthu wathanzi zimatengera mphamvu zotsatirazi:

• kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu m'thupi limodzi ndi chakudya (makamaka kwa odwala matenda ashuga ndi mafunso okhudza zomwe glycemic index yazakudya ndi kudziwa momwe glycemic index yazopangira) ꓼ
• mphamvu pancreatic
• zotsatira za magwiridwe antchito a mahomoni omwe amathandizira ntchito ya insulinꓼ
• Kutalika kwa kupsinjika kwa thupi ndi kwamaganizidwe.

Ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumachulukirachulukira ndipo maselo amthupi sangathe kuyamwa insulini yomwe yatulutsidwa mosavomerezeka, pakufunika maphunziro apadera. Uku ndi kuyesa kwa mbiri ya glycemic ndi glucosuric. Kuunika koteroko ndikofunikira mtundu wa 2 shuga ndikukulolani kuti muzindikire kuchuluka kwa shuga mwa azimayi ndi abambo.

Mbiri ya glycemic ndi mayeso omwe amachitika kunyumba, malinga ndi malamulo apadera. Yemwe akutsimikiza ndiye wodwalayo mwini. Ngati dokotala wakupatsani matenda a glycemic, akuwonetsa kuti ndi nthawi yanji komanso nthawi yanji akufunika kuyesa magazi.

Nthawi zambiri, nthawi yomwe imadalira kuchuluka kwa shuga:

1. Zinthu zoyeserera zimatengedwa katatu patsiku - m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu, pambuyo pa maola awiri mutatha kadzutsa ndi nkhomaliro.
2. maphunziro ayenera kuchitika kasanu ndi kamodzi patsiku - m'mawa mutadzuka komanso maola awiri aliwonse mukatha kudya.
3. nthawi zina ndikofunikira kutenga magazi maulendo asanu ndi atatu a shuga, kuphatikiza nthawi yausiku.

Dokotala wodziwika yekha yemwe amatha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa maselo amwazi ndikukhazikitsa njira zofunikira pakati pa njira, potengera momwe dongosolo la matenda limakhalira.

Zambiri pa glycemic hemoglobin

Glycemic hemoglobin, yomwe imatchedwa glycated hemoglobin, popanga kuyezetsa magazi imasonyezedwa ndi chidule cha manambala HBH1.

Mtengo womwe uli kutsogolo kwa chidule ichi pakuwunikira kumatithandizira kuyerekeza kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin m'magazi omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi shuga.

Glucose ndi mankhwala enaake okhala ndi organic omwe amapezeka m'magazi a anthu mwanjira inayake.

Itha kulowa mu kuphatikizika kwa mankhwala ndi hemoglobin wamba, komwe kumalumikizana ndi mapuloteni ndi zitsulo zina.

Pafupifupi, nthawi yotalika maselo ofiira a m'magazi - ma cell amagazi omwe amakhala ndi hemoglobin, amachokera masiku zana limodzi ndi makumi awiri.

Chifukwa chake, kuwunikira kwa zinthu zachilengedwe, zoyambitsidwa kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin ya glycemic, kumakupatsani mwayi wofufuza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a wodwalayo m'miyezi ingapo yapitayo.

Kukwera kwa shuga m'magazi, kumakhala pachiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga - matenda oopsa omwe amafunikira chisamaliro cha wodwalayo ndi adokotala.

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa glycemic hemoglobin molondola kwambiri kumakuthandizani kuti muwone kuopsa kwa matendawa.

Chifukwa chake, kafukufukuyu ndiwothandiza onse kwa anthu omwe akudwala kale matenda a shuga, komanso kwa iwo omwe akufuna kuti azikhala ndi thanzi lawo komanso azipewa nthawi yayitali ngati matenda ena alipo.

Ngozi yomwe ili pachiwopsezo cha kukhala ndi matenda ashuga ndi anthu omwe amakhala ndi moyo wopanda thanzi, komanso iwo omwe ali ndi vuto lolemetsa, onenepa kwambiri, kapena othamanga magazi.

Kusanthula kwa shuga m'magazi kuyenera kupita kwa onse omwe:

• ali ndi chibadwa cha matenda ashuga,
• kumakhala moyo wokhalitsa,
• amavutika ndi kulolera kwa shuga.

Kuphatikiza apo, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuyambitsa gawo la kuwunikiridwa kumene kwa azimayi omwe adakhala ndi matenda ashuga pakatikati, omwe abereka ana omwe kulemera kwawo panthawi yobadwa anali oposa kilogalamu zinayi, komanso iwo omwe ali ndi mbiri ya polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Mutha kuyesa kusintha kwa matenda a glycemic hemoglobin m'chipatala chilichonse chaboma kapena chachikulu chamizinda.

Musanafike ku labotale, muyenera kukonzekera ndikutsatira malamulo angapo ofunika omwe zotsatirapo zake zimadalira.

Kodi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba ndi a 2 ndi otani?

Zomwe zili mu glycemic hemoglobin m'magazi ndizofanana kwa amuna ndi akazi.

Amachokera ku zinayi ndi theka kupita ku zisanu ndi chimodzi za zinthu zonse zomwe zimatengedwa kuti zifufuzidwe. Ngati mulingo wa glycemic hemoglobin wapezeka pakuwunikira udapitilira zomwe akutchulazi, ndiye kuti wodwalayo ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi matenda ashuga.

Kuti muchepetse kutenga matendawa, zowonjezera ziyenera kuchitika pofuna kuthandiza kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa vuto la wodwalayo.

Monga mukudziwa, matenda a shuga ndi amitundu iwiri. Matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba amatchedwa "matenda a achichepere", monga momwe amadziwonekera nthawi zambiri mwa anthu omwe sanadutsepo zaka makumi atatu.

Matenda a shuga a Type 2 amatha kuchitika zaka zilizonse, koma nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa iwo omwe angatengedwe ngati a zaka makumi anayi kapena kupitirira.

Matenda a shuga a Type II amatsogozedwa ndi matenda omwe amatchedwa "prediabetes" ndipo amadziwika ndi kulolera kwa glucose.

Zamoyo za anthu omwe akudwala ma pathologies osiyanasiyana amapitiliza kupanga awo a insulin, omwe mu malingaliro amatha kusokoneza shuga omwe amapezeka ndi chakudya.

Koma pochita, insulin iyi sikugwiritsidwa ntchito konse kapena pang'ono ndi thupi ndipo yataya cholinga chake chachikulu - kugwiritsa ntchito maselo a shuga.

Glucose, yemwe samachotsedwa m'thupi laumunthu pogwiritsa ntchito zida zopangira izi, amakhalabe m'magazi.

Glycemic hemoglobin imatha kuwonjezeka kapena kuchepetsedwa. Mkhalidwe wodziwika ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa mtundu wa hemoglobin sichinthu chofala.

Nthawi zambiri amakula pamaso pa magazi obisika aliwonse kapena chifukwa cha kuchepa magazi m'thupi.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa glycemic hemoglobin kungayambike chifukwa cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amayamba kupezeka, kudziphatika kwa nthawi yayitali pakudya kwamoto ochepa komanso matenda abwinobwino a chibadwa, kuphatikiza kubereka kwa glucose.

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda oopsa omwe amawononga thanzi la munthu. Komabe, zamakono zamankhwala zimapereka zingapo zomwe zingasunge thanzi labwino la anthu omwe akudwala matendawa.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe ali ndi insulin (nthawi zambiri mu mawonekedwe a jekeseni) amasonyezedwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1.

Kwa iwo omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2, ndizosavuta kukhalabe ndi momwe alili - kuti azimva bwino komanso azikhala ndi moyo wambiri, ayenera kumwa mankhwala apadera omwe amachepetsa kulekerera kwa thupi lawo.

Zomwe zili mu glycemic hemoglobin m'magazi

Pali deta yotsimikizika mwasayansi yokhudza zomwe zimachitika mu chizindikiritso cha magazi.

Mfundo zomwe zatchulidwa m'ndimeyi ya nkhaniyi zidadziwika mokhazikika pamaziko a maphunziro ataliatali komanso owonjezera.

Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka konse kwa glycemic hemoglobin m'magazi a anthu ochepera zaka makumi awiri ndi zisanu kuyenera kusinthasintha mkati mwa sikisi ndi theka.

Kwa anthu opitilira zaka makumi awiri ndi zisanu ndi zochepera makumi asanu, chizindikiro chokhacho chimatha kufikira magawo asanu ndi awiri.

Mwa anthu athanzi labwino kuposa zaka makumi asanu, mtundu wa hemoglobin wa glycemic suyenera kupitilira malire a magawo asanu ndi awiri ndi theka a zinthu zonse zachilengedwe zomwe zimatengedwa kuti zionedwe.

Kupatuka panjira yofananira ndi zaka zopitilira theka la theka kumawonetsa kukhalapo kwa ma pathologies omwe amakhudza kayendedwe ka glucose omwe amapangidwa ndi thupi.

Palinso kusanthula kwina komwe kumatchedwa kuti curve ya shuga ndi madokotala odziwitsa. Kuti mupeze chidziwitso chodalirika, muyenera kuchichiritsa kawiri pa tsiku limodzi.

"Gawo" loyamba la magazi limaperekedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu, yachiwiri - mutatha kudya shuga yochepa ya shuga yomwe imaphatikizidwa ndi madzi.

Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti kuchepa kapena kuwonjezeka kwa chizindikirocho pakupanga kuyesedwa kwa magazi ndi chizindikiro choyipa, chomwe chimayenera kuperekedwa mwachidwi kwambiri.

Mikhalidwe yodziwika ndi otsika kapena, motsutsana, shuga wambiri, imatha kusokoneza thanzi la munthu.

Mwachitsanzo, zizindikiro za hypoglycemia (shuga yochepa) ndizizindikiro monga kutopa kwambiri ngakhale mutachita pang'ono zolimbitsa thupi kapena zamaganizidwe, kumangokhalira kumva kufooka, kusakwiya, ndi zina zambiri.

Kuphatikizika kwa zizindikiro zotsatirazi kungawonetse kuwonekera kwa hyperglycemia:

• kumangokhala kugona.
• kufunika kogwiritsa ntchito madzi tsiku lililonse (poyerekeza ndi mabuku omwe tinkawadziwa kale),
• njala yosalekeza
• Khungu
• kufunikira kwamkati kosokosera
• mavuto amawonedwe ndi zina zotero.

Kuti mubwererenso m'moyo wabwino komanso kuiwalako za zovuta zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chakusintha kwa boma, muyenera kuyamba kudya moyenera, kupatula zakudya zomwe zingakhale zovulaza pazakudya, ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, imwani mankhwala apadera omwe madokotala anu akuwuzani.

Zowonjezera

Njira yoyenera kwambiri yothetsera magazi glycemic hemoglobin, yomwe imadziwika ndi zochepa, koma kusintha koopsa, ndi zakudya zamankhwala zosankhidwa bwino.

Kuphatikiza apo, kusintha kwamoyo konse, komwe kumawonetsedwa pakuchita zolimbitsa thupi komanso kupeza zizolowezi zabwino (ndikukana kwathunthu “zoipa”), zikuwonetsa kuyeserera kwakukulu polimbana ndi glycemic hemoglobin m'magazi.

Ngati wodwala, malinga ndi zizindikiritso zingapo zowonekeratu, atha kupatsidwa gulu langozi ya mtundu wa matenda a shuga 2, ndiye kuti akapatsidwa mankhwala apadera.

Mankhwala otchuka komanso ogwira mtima a m'badwo watsopano, omwe ali ndi zotsatira zapadera, omwe akuwoneka kuti kuchepa kwa kulekerera kwa glucose, ndi Glucofage ndi Siofor.

Zomwe zimapangidwira zimakonzekera zili ndi chinthu chomwe chimatchedwa metformin - chinthu chotsitsa shuga chomwe chili m'gulu la Biguanides.

Mankhwala opangidwa ndi Metformin ndi chipulumutso chenicheni kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2, chifukwa amawonjezera kuyamwa kwa glucose ndi minofu ya thupi, kuchepetsa kukana kwake kwa insulin.

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa glycemic hemoglobin kuyenera kutengedwa osachepera kamodzi pachaka. Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lofuna kunenepa kwambiri, kapena omwe amakhala moyo wongokhala, ndibwino kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa odzipereka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe mpaka kawiri kapena katatu pachaka.

Zinthu zachilengedwe - magazi oyenera kuyesedwa - amatengedwa kuchokera kumtsempha wa wodwalayo, osati kuchokera kumunwe (monga momwe zinaliri pamene amatenga zinthu zoti azikaphunzirira mu dongosolo la "shuga pamagetsi").

Kukonzekera kudutsa mawunikidwe awa ndi njira yosavuta koma yofunika. Ndikofunikira kokha kukana chakudya kwa maola eyiti mpaka khumi musanapite ku labotale ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, musamwe mankhwala aliwonse (kupatula omwe ali ofunikira) kwa masiku atatu nthawi yoyenera yopereka magazi.

Pafupifupi, zotsatira za kuyesaku zimakonzedwa pasanathe masiku awiri kapena atatu. Nthawi zambiri, nthawi yomwe imafunika kuti dongosololi lizidalira kuchuluka kwa malo ogwirira ntchito.

Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti zambiri zomwe zawonetsedwa mu decryption ziwonetsa zonse za glycemic hemoglobin pafupifupi miyezi itatu isanakwane tsiku lopereka magazi.

Mulingo wa glycated hemoglobin (tebulo)

Kwa anthu omwe alibe shuga, kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin HbA1c kwa glycated HbA1c kumachokera ku 4% mpaka 5.9%.

Makhalidwe a HbA1c pakati pa 5.7% ndi 6.4% akuwonetsa chiopsezo chowonjezereka cha matenda a shuga, ndipo kuchuluka kwa 6.5% kapena kupitirira kumawonetsa kukhalapo kwa matenda a shuga mellitus (kuzindikira kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa).

Pulofesa Hirohito Sone, wa endocrinologist ku Institute of Clinical Medicine ku Tsukuba, Japan, anachita kafukufuku yemwe anthu 1722 wazaka 26 mpaka 80 wopanda matenda a shuga amayesa kusala magazi ndi HbA1c, chaka chilichonse, mu kwa zaka 9.5. Kuzindikira kwa matenda a shuga kumachitika ndi maphunziro a 193 omwe ali ndi HbA1c mlingo wopitilira 5.6% pachaka chilichonse.

Popeza kafukufuku wambiri adawonetsa mobwerezabwereza kuti kusayang'anira shuga kokwanira kumayenderana mwachindunji ndi kupanga kwa zovuta zamatendawa, cholinga cha odwala matenda ashuga ndikusungabe glycated hemoglobin HbA1c wochepera 7%. Mitengo yambiri ya kusanthula uku imawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi matenda a shuga.

International Diabetes Association ikuvomereza kuti HbA1c ikhalebe 8%, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti odwala matenda ashuga sanaperekedwe mokwanira komanso chithandizo chake chikuyenera kuthandizidwa mwachangu.

Chibale cha glycated hemoglobin ndi shuga wambiri m'magazi:

Avereji ya shuga m'magazi (mmol / L)

Kodi ndizofunikira kangati kuyeza HbA1c mwa odwala matenda ashuga?

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kuyesedwa miyezi itatu iliyonse kuti adziwe ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhala kokwanira. Odwala omwe shuga yawo imayang'aniridwa bwino amalimbikitsidwa kuti azichita mayeso kawiri pachaka.

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda omwe amakhudza mwachindunji kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin, monga anemia, atha kupeza zotsatira zolakwika kuchokera pa mayesowa. Komanso kudya mavitamini C ndi E komanso cholesterol yambiri mthupi kumatha kukhudza zotsatira za hemoglobin ya glycated. Matenda a impso komanso matenda a chiwindi amathanso kupotoza zotsatira zoyeserera za A1c.

Chifukwa chiyani ndikufuna mbiri ya tsiku ndi tsiku?

Mbiri ya glycemic ndi chithunzi chomwe chimapereka lingaliro la kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi patsiku. Kuphatikiza, wodwalayo amasanthula moyenera, akumatenga magazi mothandizidwa ndi chipangizo cha glucometer kangapo. Nthawi zambiri, kuyesedwa kwa 6-8 kumachitika mkati mwa maola 24. Zotsatira zomwe zimapezedwa zimalembedwa, ndikuzipereka kwa katswiri kuti ziwonekere. Pali malamulo ena amomwe angapangire mayeso a shuga wamagazi a shuga. Zomera zolengedwa zimatengedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu, pambuyo pake zimabwerezedwa pambuyo pa maola 1.5 mutadya katatu. Kuwunikira kotereku kumakupatsani mwayi wofotokozera bwino za zovuta zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha mankhwala omwe wodwala amatenga, komanso kusintha zakudya ndi chithandizo.

Kwa odwala omwe amadalira insulin, kuwunika kwa shuga kumayikidwa pakadali koyenera. Dokotala endocrinologist amawasankha kutengera zovuta za matendawa. Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2, kuwunikanso kofananako kumapangidwanso ngati pakufunika kuwunika momwe mankhwalawo adapangidwira. Mbiri ya glycemic pankhaniyi imapangidwa kamodzi pa sabata.

Kuwunikira kumachitidwanso kukonza zakudya. Pankhaniyi, omwe amatchedwa "theka-mbiri" amapangidwa.

Mwatsatanetsatane pazomwe zili, tidzakambirana pambuyo pake. Monga lamulo, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchita izi kamodzi masiku 30. Munthu wodwala matenda ashuga nawonso amatha kuyesanso mofananamo ngati amakhulupirira kuti matenda akewo akuipiraipira. Amayi oyembekezera ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga, makamaka ngati mayi woyembekezera ali ndi matenda oyenera. Kuwunikira kofananako kumafunikira kumapeto kwa otsiriza, monganso kupewa matenda ashuga.

Mbiri yathu yonse ya matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2 amachitika kamodzi pamwezi. Phunziroli limachitika, monga lamulo, muzochitikazo pamene mankhwala a insulin amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza wodwala. Ndikulimbikitsidwanso kujambula mbiri yochepetsedwa ya glycemic sabata iliyonse. Zimasiyana ndi zodzaza kuti zithunzi zoyambira zimatengedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu, kenako katatu mukatha kudya. Maphunzirowa amatchulidwa ndi dokotala endocrinologist, amatsutsanso kuganizira zolakwa zonse zazotsatira. Odwala oterewa amalangizidwa kuti azitha kuwunika glycemia kawiri pa tsiku, komanso kuwunika ngati kuphwanya zakudya kapena chinthu chatsopano chikawonjezeredwa kumenyu.

Malamulo onse

Mu maphunziro omwe amachitika mu chipatala, magazi a venous amawunika m'madzi a m'magazi. Chifukwa chake, pofuna kupewa cholakwika chachikulu pazotsatira, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito glucometer, yomwe imapangidwanso m'magazi am'magazi.

Akatswiri amalangizira kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu womwewo wa chipangizochi, izi zimakupatsani mwayi kuti mupeze zotsatira zolondola.

Ngati, pofufuza pafupipafupi, kusiyana muzotsatira ndikofunikira, ndikofunikira kuti muwunike kuchipatala kuti mupeze zomwe zimayambitsa cholakwacho. Mwina mungofunika kusintha chipangizochi pochiwunikira, chifukwa chikuwonetsa cholakwika.

Magazi amatengedwa masana kuti amalize mbiri ya glycemic. Kuwunikira koyamba kumachitika mosamala pamimba yopanda kanthu, zizindikiro zotsatirazi zimatengedwa asanadye kwambiri. Kenako mpandawo umatha mukatha kudya, ndikumaliza mphindi 90. Chizindikiro cha penultimate chimachotsedwa pakati pausiku, ndipo chizindikiro chomaliza chikuyenera kugwa nthawi kuchokera 3.00 mpaka 4,00. Pa avareji, mpaka mipanda isanu ndi itatu ya zinthu zakale imachitika tsiku lililonse. Kutengera zomwe zikuwonetsa glucometer, kuchuluka kwa glucose kumayang'aniridwa munthu asanadye ndi pambuyo pake. Kafukufukuyu akuwonetseranso kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga panthawi yonseyi, komwe kumathandizira kuzindikira zam'magazi monga zodutsa m'mawa.

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga popanda kudalira insulin amapanga mbiri yofupikitsidwa ndi miyezo yochepa. Yoyamba imapangidwa pamimba yopanda kanthu, yotsatira nthawi yomweyo wodwalayo atadya kadzutsa, kenako ndikudya chakudya chamadzulo komanso chakudya chamadzulo. "Half-mbiri" imalimbikitsa odwala omwe samamwa mankhwala kuti achepetse shuga ndikugwiritsa ntchito chakudya chokha kuti akonze zomwe zili. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi glycemic index yoposa 50 PESCES zimatha kudumpha shuga.

Malamulo okhathamiritsa magazi popanga mbiri:

1. Musanagwiritse ntchito chida, samalani kuti musambitse manja anu;
2. Mankhwala okhala ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa amapotoza kuwerenga, motero ndi bwino osazigwiritsa ntchito.
3. Manja pa nthawi ya kukhathamiritsa magazi sayenera kukhala zodzola, monga mafuta onunkhira.
4. Simufunikanso kukanikiza pachala kuti muthandizire kupatulira magazi, kupukutira pang'onopang'ono ndikulola madziwo kutuluka mwachilengedwe.
5. Kulimbikitsa kupatukana kwa biomaterial kumathandiza madzi ofunda. Gwira dzanja lanu pansi pa mtsinje kwa mphindi zingapo musanapange punction.

Amawerengera amalembedwa m'dongosolo la wodwala, kenako amawunikiridwa ndi adokotala. Kuunikira kuwunikira kwa mbiri ya glycemic kumathandizira dokotalayo kuona ngati ndikofunikira kusintha mankhwala omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza kapena kuonjezera (kuchepetsa) mlingo wa insulin, kapena ngati mankhwalawo ndi othandizadi.

Mlingo wa glycemia wa matenda ashuga ndi pakati

Mitundu ya shuga yabwinobwino yamunthu wathanzi ili pamtunda kuchokera pa 3.2 mpaka 5.5 mmol / L. Kwa matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba okwanira bwino, ndizovomerezeka ngati shuga sangakwere pamwamba pa 10 mmol / L. Matenda amtunduwu amadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa shuga mkodzo. Ndi matenda a shuga a 2, mtundu wokhazikitsidwa ndi 6 mmol / L pamimba yopanda kanthu, koma osapitirira magawo 8.3 tsiku lonse. Kuphatikiza apo, kupezeka kwa shuga mu mkodzo ndimtunduwu wa shuga kumawonetsa njira zam'mthupi. Zikapezeka, kuyezetsa kowonjezera kumachitika, kuyesa kwamkodzo kumachitika kuti mupeze chomwe chikuyambitsa.

Matenda a glycemic pa nthawi ya pakati amakhala osiyana kwambiri. Kafukufuku wapeza kuti mayi mmodzi mwa amayi asanu ndi atatu omwe ali ndi mwana amakumana ndi vuto monga shuga wambiri. Mlingo wochepetsetsa wa shuga mwa mayi wapakati ndi 3.3 mmol / L, mukayezedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu, chizindikirocho sichiyenera kupitirira 5.1 mmol / L. Kuchepetsa kocheperako ndi 3.3, pansi pa chisonyezo ichi ketonuria imachitika, chifukwa cha kudzikundikira kwa matupi a poone. Zizindikiro zoposa zodziwika bwino, koma osapitirira 7.0 mmol / L, zikuwonetsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga. Vutoli, ngakhale likufunika kuwunika pambuyo pake, koma limadutsa popanda chithandizo chowonjezera. Kuphatikiza apo, endocrinologist imatha kupereka kafukufuku wowonjezera kwa mayi woyembekezera - mayeso a hemoglobin a glycated. Owonjezera 7 mmol / L akuwonetsa owonetsa shuga. Kuzindikira koteroko kumatanthauza kuti chithandizo cha matenda chiyenera kuyambika nthawi yomweyo.

Mbiri ya glycemic ndiyopindulitsa kwambiri kuposa muyeso umodzi. Zimathandizira kuti chithunzi chowonjezeka cha kusintha kwama glucose pakadutsa maola 24, ndikuchigwiritsa ntchito kukonza insulin. Pankhani ya matenda a shuga a mtundu wachi II, mbiri ya tsiku ndi tsiku imakupatsani mwayi wopanga chakudya m'njira yopewa kuteteza kuchulukana ndi shuga masana.

Kuzindikira mbiri ya glycemic, wodwalayo amayenera kuyeza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magawo angapo masana pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chapadera - glucometer.

Kufunika koyenera kotero kuti muthe kusintha moyenera kuchuluka kwa timadzi timene timatulutsa - insulin ngati pali mtundu wa matenda a shuga 2.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuwongolera kwa shuga m'magazi kumathandizira kuwunika momwe wodwalayo alili komanso momwe alili, komanso zimathandizira kupewa kukweza kapena kutsika kwa shuga. Zotsatira zonse zoyezera zalembedwa m'madongosolo apadera a matenda ashuga.

Odwala omwe ali ndi mbiri yodwala matenda a shuga, ngakhale kuti alibe zofunika pakukhazikitsa mahomoni tsiku ndi tsiku, amafunika kuwunikira mbiri ya glycemic yotchedwa tsiku ndi tsiku, osachepera m'masiku 30.

Zotsatira zomwe zimapezeka kwa wodwala aliyense zimakhala zisonyezo payekha, popeza chizolowezi chimatengera maphunziridwe ake komanso kukula kwa matendawa.

Ndikofunikira kulingalira momwe mungaperekere kusanthula molondola, ndipo ndizowonetsa chiyani? Ndipo mupezanso zomwe zimakhudza zotsatira za mbiri ya glycemic?

Kuwona shuga m'magazi kudzera mu mbiri ya glycemic ndikulimbikitsidwa kwa odwala omwe amamwa insulin, omwe amathandiza kukhalabe ndi shuga m'magazi a shuga. Chifukwa cha njirayi, mutha kudziwa momwe mankhwalawo amathandizira, komanso kuthekera kolipirira matendawa.

Kuchiritsa kwa kusanthula kumapereka zisonyezo zodziwika bwino: mtundu 1 wa shuga umawonongeka ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga pamimba yopanda kanthu kwa tsiku limodzi sikupitirira magawo 10. Kwa matendawa, chikhalidwe cha kutayika kwa shuga mumkodzo chimalandiridwa, koma osapitilira 30 magalamu.

Matenda amtundu wachiwiri amawerengedwa ngati kulipiriridwa kumawonetsa shuga m'magawo osapitirira 6, komanso mpaka magawo 8.25 tsiku lonse. Kuphatikiza apo, urinalysis sayenera kuwonetsa kupezeka kwa shuga, ndipo umu ndiye chizolowezi chamtunduwu wa matenda ashuga. Zotsutsana ndi izi, wodwalayo ayenera kubwereza kuyesedwa kuti apeze zomwe zimayambitsa shuga mkodzo.

Kuyesedwa kwa shuga kungachitike ndi wodwalayo payekha kunyumba. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito glucometer. Kuti muyeso wotere ukhale ndi zidziwitso zolondola, muyenera kutsatira malamulo ena:

• Musanapereke magazi, ndikofunikira kuchita njira zaukhondo m'manja: sambani ndi sopo. Kenako, mosalephera, zitsimikizirani kuyera kwa "malo" omwe magazi amatengedwa.
• Pofuna kuti tisapeze cholakwika mu matenda a shuga, malo omwe adzachotsere mtsogolo samapukutidwa ndi mankhwala omwe amakhala ndi mowa.
• Magazi amayenera kumwedwa mosamala, malo opumirirawo amatha kutentheka mosavuta. Simungathe kukanikiza pachala kuti mufinyire madzi obwera.
• Kuti muwonjezere magazi, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugwire manja anu pansi pamadzi otentha.

Musanatenge kusanthula kwamatenda amtundu wachiwiri, simungathe kuyika manja anu pazinthu zilizonse zodzikongoletsera zomwe zingakhudze momwe ziriri zolondola.

Kusanthula kumakupatsani mwayi wodziwa za glycemia tsiku lonse. Kuti mupeze zotsatira popanda zolakwika, pali malingaliro ena oyenera kuyeza pofika ola.

Kusanthula koyamba kumachitika m'mawa musanadye kadzutsa (ndiye kuti, pamimba yopanda kanthu), ndiye mumayeza nthawi yomweyo musanadye, kenako maola awiri otsatira (mutatha kudya).

Popeza amafunika kuyeza shuga m'magazi kasanu ndi kamodzi patsiku, madokotala amalimbikitsa kuti azisanthula nthawi yomweyo asanagone, kenako 12 koloko, kenako 3:30 a.m. nthawi yausiku.

Munthawi zingapo wokhala ndi matenda amtundu wachiwiri, madokotala atha kulimbikitsa kufupikitsika kwa wodwalayo, komwe kumaphatikizapo kutenga magazi mpaka kanayi pa tsiku: kamodzi m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu, ndipo katatu pambuyo poti wadya. Malamulo oyendetsera:

1. Ndikofunikira kutsatira malingaliro onse a machitidwe omwe adokotala adapereka kuti asatenge cholakwika mu manambala omwe adapeza.
2. Onetsetsani kuti chipangizo choyeza shuga chimapanga mfundo zomwe sizimapatula kuthekera kwakulakwitsa kwakukulu.

Zizindikiro zakusanthula

Ngakhale kuti zizindikiro zingatengedwe palokha kunyumba, akatswiri azachipatala sawalimbikitsa izi.

Tanthauzirani molondola zotsatira zomwe zatsatiridwa zingathe kokha kwa sing'anga wopezekayo, yemwe ali ndi chidziwitso chonse chokhudza matenda.

Dokotala yekha ndi amene amasankha ngati njirayi ndiyofunika.

Zomwe zikuwonetsa kwambiri kusanthula kwa glycemic ndi izi:

• pa mankhwala a insulin,
• ngati pali malingaliro okhudzana ndi matenda amiseche kwa atsikana panthawi yapakati,
• ngati mayeso a mkodzo akuwonetsa shuga mu izo,
• kudziwa kuchuluka kwa matenda a shuga a mitundu yoyamba ndi yachiwiri,
• kuzindikira kukhalapo kwa njira ya pathological mu magawo oyamba a mawonekedwe ake, pomwe mseru wamagazi m'magazi umangokulira mukatha kudya, pomwe deta yofananira imawonedwa m'mawa,
• Kutsimikiza kwa mphamvu ya achire mankhwala.

Kuyesedwa kwa glycemic kumaperekedwa nthawi zambiri momwe kumafunikira wodwala aliyense payekhapayekha, kutengera kuchuluka kwa chitukuko cha matenda.

Mukamayambitsa matenda, kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa kuti kukhudzidwe ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

1. Kuwunika kwa glycemic kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin ndikofunikira motsatira dongosolo la matenda.
2. Kwa gulu la odwala omwe azindikira gawo loyambirira la hyperglycemia, mwayi woyesedwa umachepetsedwa kamodzi pamwezi. Pankhaniyi, chithandizo chachikulu cha wodwalayo ndicholinga chotsata chithandizo cha zakudya.
3. Anthu omwe amamwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga ayenera kuwunika kusinthasintha kwa shuga tsiku lililonse kamodzi pa sabata.
4. Anthu odwala matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin amatha kutenga mayeso a mitundu iwiri - mwa njira yofupikitsidwa (imachitidwa kanayi pamwezi) kapena kumaliza (kamodzi pamwezi, koma ndi kuchuluka kwake).

Kutanthauzira kwa zotsatira kumachitika ndi dokotala wolandila, yemwe adapereka mayeso kwa wodwalayo.

Zomwe zimapangitsa kudziwa tsiku lililonse

Kodi ndizofunikira bwanji kudutsa ndipo malamulo ndi chiyani, miyezo ya mayeso?

Kuwona zosintha zamphamvu m'magazi a shuga masana ndi kuyesa kwa tsiku ndi tsiku.

Kukula kwa miyeso kumachitika molingana ndi mfundo zopangidwa mwapadera.

Kukula kwa miyeso kuyenera kutsatira mfundo izi:

• kuyesa zida zoyeserera mutangodzuka pamimba yopanda kanthu,
• pamaso chakudya chachikulu,
• mutatha maola awiri mutadya,
• madzulo, asanagone.
• pakati pausiku
• hafu pasiti itatu usiku.

Dokotala amathanso kukuwunikirani kufupikitsidwa, kuchuluka kwa shuga komwe kumakhalapo kanayi patsiku - m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu ndikatha kudya.

Kuyamwa koyambirira kwa magazi koyenera kuyenera kuchitika pamimba yopanda kanthu. Wodwalayo amaloledwa kumwa madzi osavuta, koma ndizoletsedwa kupukuta mano ake ndi phala lomwe lili ndi shuga ndi utsi. Kumwa mankhwala aliwonse kuyenera kuvomerezeredwa ndi dokotala, chifukwa izi zimatha kubweretsa zosokoneza pazotsatira zanu. Ndikwabwino kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa nthawi yayitali ya kusanthula kwamatumbo (ngati izi sizikuwopseza moyo ndi thanzi la wodwalayo).

Musanayesedwe, simuyenera kuchulukitsa thupi ndi kupsinjika kwamphamvu kwamthupi kapena kwamaganizidwe. Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kutsatira zakudya zabwino, kupewa zakudya ndi zinthu zatsopano. Pokhapokha pazakudya zama calorie ochepa, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatha kutsika kwambiri, ndichifukwa chake njirayi singakhale yolondola kupeza chidziwitso cholondola. Ndi zoletsedwa kumwa mowa osachepera tsiku lisanapezeke.

Musanapereke magazi komanso kuchita kafukufuku, muyenera kutsatira malamulo otsatirawa:

1. Khungu la manja liyenera kukhala loyera popanda zotsalira zamafuta kapena zinthu zina zapaukhondo (sopo kapena gel osakaniza).
2. Ma antiseptic ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito popereka magazi. Ndibwino ngati pali mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Malowa a punction ayenera kukhala ouma kuti chinyezi chochulukirapo chisasakanikirane ndi magazi ndipo sichikhudza zotsatira zomaliza.
3. Sizoletsedwa kuyesa kapena kufinya magazi, kuti muthe kutulutsa bwino, mutha kupukusa dzanja lanu pang'ono musanapome.

Diagnostics iyenera kuchitika ndi glucometer omwewo. Popeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana imatha kuwonetsa ma data osiyanasiyana (ndikupatuka pang'ono). Kuphatikiza apo, mita yamakono ya glucose imatha kuthandizira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mizere yoyesa.

Ndikofunikira kuyeseza glycemic pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso amtundu womwewo.

Kusanthula ndi kutanthauzira kwa zotsatira

Dokotala wopezekapo, pamaziko a zotsatira za wodwalayo za kupenda kwa glycemic, apereka lipoti lachipatala.

Mukamapanga lipoti lachipatala, dokotala yemwe amakupezekaponso samayenera kuganizira zokhazo zomwe zimapezeka poyeza kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa wodwalayo, komanso chidziwitso chomwe chimapezeka paziyeso zamankhwala oimira thupi.

Kuphatikiza apo, deta yomwe idapezedwa panthawi ya maphunziro othandizira iyenera kukumbukiridwa.

Zizindikiro zomwe zapezeka zitha kuzindikira kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa kuphwanya:

• mbiri ya glycemic imasiyanasiyana kuyambira 3.5 mpaka 5.5, zoterezi zimakhazikika ndipo zimawonetsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi,
• ngati mulingo wa glycemia pamimba yopanda kanthu kuchokera pa 5.7 mpaka 7.0, ziwerengero zoterezi zikuwonetsa kukula kwa zovuta,
• kupezeka kwa matenda a shuga kungachitike ndi zisonyezo za 7.1 mol pa lita.

Kutengera mtundu wa njira ya pathological, kuyesa kwa mayeso a glycemic kudzachitika mosiyanasiyana. Kwa matenda omwe amadalira insulini, kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa tsiku ndi tsiku kumatha kukhala magulu khumi pa lita. Mwanjira imeneyi, urinalysis akuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa glucose komwe kumafika 30 g / tsiku. Pankhani ya matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, palibe mashuga omwe amayenera kupeza mkodzo wa wodwalayo, ndipo kuthamanga kwa glucose othamanga sikuyenera kupitirira malita asanu ndi limodzi, mutatha kudya - osapitirira 8.3 mol kwa lita.

Mwa mtsikana woyembekezera, zimakhala zowopsa m'moyo wa mwana ndipo zimatha kubweretsa padera kapena kubadwa msanga. Ndiye chifukwa chake, magazi a mkazi nthawi yoyembekezera amatengedwa mosalephera. Gulu la anthu omwe ali ndi mbiri yodwala matenda a shuga amtundu uliwonse ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Zotsatira za kusanthula ziyenera kufanana ndi zomwe zikutsatira.

Mbiri ya Glycemic - kusanthula komwe kumakupatsani mwayi wowunika kusintha kwa misempha ya shuga masana. Phunziroli limatengera zotsatira za glucometry. Kusanthula kumachitika kuti muthe kusintha kwa insulin yoyendetsedwa ndikuwunika momwe odwala matenda ashuga alili.

Zisonyezero za kusanthula kwa glycemic

Kuti muchepetse kusinthasintha kwa shuga m'magazi, kuwunika mwatsatanetsatane kwa mbiri ya glycemic ndikofunikira. Kusantaku kumakuthandizani kuti mufufuze kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magulu poyerekeza ndi zomwe zapezeka. Kuyesedwa kumachitika ndi glucometer kunyumba, poganizira malangizo apadera.

Zisonyezero za kusanthula kwa glycemic:

• amaganiza kuti ali ndi matenda ashuga
• matenda a mtundu 1 kapena 2,
• mankhwala a insulin
• kusintha kwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga,
• amaganiza kuti shuga amawonjezereka panthawi yapakati,
• kukonza zakudya
• kukhalapo kwa shuga mkodzo.

Pafupipafupi phunziroli limakhazikitsidwa payekhapayekha ndipo zimatengera mtundu wamatendawa. Pafupifupi, odwala matenda ashuga a 2, amayesedwa kamodzi pamwezi. Mukamamwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga, mbiri ya glycemic iyenera kuchitidwa osachepera 1 pa sabata. Pankhani ya shuga wodalira insulin, kuwunika kufupikitsidwa kumayikidwa masiku 7 aliwonse komanso kuyesedwa kwathunthu kamodzi pamwezi.

Momwe mungakonzekerere

Kuti mupeze zotsatira zoyenera, ndikofunikira kukonzekera kuwunika kwa glycemic. Kukonzekera kumaphatikizanso kutsatira boma lina kwa masiku angapo. Masiku awiri asanaperekedwe magazi, lekani kusuta, chotsani kupsinjika kwakuthupi, m'malingaliro ndi m'maganizo. Pewani kumwa mowa, zakumwa zozizilitsa khofi zomwe zimakhala ndi kaboni Ngati mutsatira zakudya zapadera, musasinthe musanafufuze. Kwa iwo omwe samatsatira zakudya, kwa masiku 1-2 muyenera kupatula mafuta, mafuta okhala ndi shuga ndi ufa ku menyu.

Tsiku limodzi pamaso pa glycemic mbiri, kuletsa corticosteroids, kulera komanso okodzetsa. Ngati sikotheka kusiya kumwa mankhwala, ayenera kuwunika pazomwe akuwunika.

Kuyamwa koyambirira kwa magazi kumachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu. Kwa maola 8-10, kanani kudya.M'mawa mutha kumwa madzi. Osatsuka mano anu ndi phala lomwe lili ndi shuga.

Mayeso

Kuti mupeze vuto la glycemic, mudzafunika mita yolondola ya glucose, zingwe zingapo zotayika komanso zingwe zoyeserera. Mutha kuwona zomwe zikuwonetsa mu diary ya diabetes. Pogwiritsa ntchito izi, mutha kuyesa pawokha kuchuluka kwa shuga wamagazi ndipo ngati kuli koyenera, pangana ndi endocrinologist kapena wathanzi.

Kuti mupange mbiri ya glycemic, muyenera kuyesedwa motere:

1. m'mimba yopanda kanthu m'mawa osakwana 11:00,
2. musanatenge maphunziro apamwamba,
3. Maola awiri mutadya
4. musanagone
5. pakati pausiku
6. nthawi ya 03:30 usiku.

Kuchuluka kwa zitsanzo zamagazi ndi nthawi yayitali pakati pawo zimadalira mtundu wamatendawa ndi njira yakufufuzira. Ndi kuyesa kufupikitsidwa, glucometry imachitidwa maulendo 4, ndikuyesedwa kwathunthu, kuyambira kasanu ndi kamodzi mpaka kasanu ndi katatu pa tsiku.

Sambani m'manja ndi sopo, makamaka sopo wamwana, pansi pa madzi ofunda. Pamaso pa njirayi, musagwiritse ntchito zonona kapena zodzola zina pakhungu. Kuti muwonjezere kutuluka kwa magazi, sansani malo osankhidwa bwino kapena gwiritsani manja anu pafupi ndi chitsime chotentha. Kwa kusanthula, mutha kutenga magazi a capillary kapena venous. Simungasinthe malo oyimitsanso magazi panthawi yophunzira.

Mukamayang'ana mbiri ya glycemic, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito glucometer yomweyi.

Muvomereze khungu ndi njira yothetsera mowa ndikudikirira kuti atulukire. Ikani singano yosabala yochotsa cholembera ndi kupangika. Osasuntha pachala kuti muthe kupeza zofunikira zenizeni mwachangu. Ikani magazi ku mzere woyezera ndikuyembekezera zotsatira zake. Lowetsani zosungidwazo, ndikuzijambula motsatana.

Popewa zotsatira zosokoneza, musanawunike chilichonse chamtsogolo, sinthani gawo ndi lancet. Gwiritsani ntchito mita yomweyo phunziroli. Mukamasintha chipangizochi, zotsatira zake zingakhale zolondola. Chida chilichonse chili ndi cholakwika. Ngakhale ndizochepa, magwiridwe antchito onse akhoza kukhala osokoneza.

Zambiri

Kuyesedwa kwa shuga m'magazi kumapangitsa kuti amvetsetse momwe kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumasinthira masana. Chifukwa cha izi, mutha kudziwa pang'onopang'ono kuchuluka kwa glycemia pamimba yopanda kanthu ndikatha kudya.

Mukamagawa mbiri yotere, endocrinologist wothandizirana, monga lamulo, akuwonetsa kuti ndi nthawi yanji yomwe wodwalayo amafunika kuchitira zitsanzo za magazi. Ndikofunika kutsatira izi, komanso kuti muphwanye malamulo omwe amadya kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino. Chifukwa cha deta ya phunziroli, adokotala amatha kuwunika momwe mankhwalawo adasankhidwira ndipo ngati kuli koyenera, muwongolere.

Mitundu yodziwika kwambiri yopereka magazi panthawi ya kusantaku ndi iyi:

• katatu (pafupifupi 7:00 pamimba yopanda kanthu, nthawi ya 11:00, chakudya cham'mawa chinali pafupifupi 9:00 ndipo nthawi ya 15:00, ndiye kuti, 2 maola mutadya nkhomaliro),
• kasanu ndi kamodzi (pamimba yopanda kanthu komanso maola awiri mutatha kudya masana),
• zisanu ndi zitatu (phunziroli limachitika maola atatu aliwonse, kuphatikiza nthawi yausiku).

Kuyeza kuchuluka kwa shuga patsiku nthawi zopitilira 8 ndikosatheka, ndipo nthawi zina kuwerengera kochepa kumakhala kokwanira. Sizikupanga nzeru kuchitira kafukufuku kunyumba popanda mankhwala a dokotala, chifukwa ndi yekhayo amene angalimbikitse kuchuluka kwa magawo a magazi ndikumasulira molondola zotsatira zake.

Kuti mupeze zotsatira zoyenera, ndibwino kusanthula metres kuti musadalize

Kukonzekera kuwerenga

Gawo loyamba la magazi liyenera kumwedwa m'mawa popanda kanthu. Gawo loyambirira lisanayambike, wodwalayo amatha kumwa madzi osakhala ndi kaboni, koma simungathe kutsuka mano anu ndi zotulutsa mano komanso utsi. Ngati wodwala amwa mankhwala ena alionse pamaola angapo patsiku, izi ziyenera kuuzidwa kwa adokotala.Zabwino, simuyenera kumwa mankhwala aliwonse achilendo patsiku la kusanthula, koma nthawi zina kulumpha piritsi kungakhale koopsa kuumoyo, chifukwa chake ndi dokotala yekha amene ayenera kusankha mavuto ngati amenewa.

Madzulo a mbiri ya glycemic, ndikofunikira kutsatira machitidwe achizolowezi osati kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Malamulo a zitsanzo za magazi:

• Musananyengedwe, khungu lamanja liyenera kukhala loyera ndi lowuma, sipayenera kutsalira sopo, kirimu ndi zinthu zina zaukhondo pa izo.
• ndikosayenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zothetsera zakumwa zoledzeretsa monga antiseptic (ngati wodwalayo alibe njira yofunikira, muyenera kudikirira mpaka yankho lipere pakhungu ndi kupukuta malo a jekeseni ndi nsalu yopukutira),
• magazi sangatulutsidwe, koma ngati kuli kotheka, kuti muwonjezere magazi, mutha kupukusa dzanja lanu pang'ono musanakhomerere ndikuwugwira kwa mphindi zingapo m'madzi ofunda, kenako ndikupukuta.

Mukamachita kusanthula, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizocho, popeza magawidwe a ma glucometer osiyanasiyana akhoza kusiyana. Lamuloli limagwiranso ntchito pamiyeso yoyeserera: ngati mita ikuthandizira kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yawo yambiri, pakufufuzira mukufunabe kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu umodzi wokha.

Tsiku loti lisanachitike, wodwalayo sayenera kumwa mowa, chifukwa amatha kupotoza zotsatira zenizeni

Madokotala amalembera kafukufuku wotere kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, oyamba komanso oyamba. Nthawi zina malingaliro amtundu wa glycemic amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira matenda ashuga mwa amayi apakati, makamaka ngati kusintha kwawo kwa shuga wamagazi kumasintha kwakanthawi. Zowonetsa phunziroli:

• kuzindikira kukula kwa matendawa ndi kukhazikika kwa matenda a shuga
• kuzindikira matenda poyambapo, pomwe shuga amatuluka pokhapokha chakudya, ndipo pamimba yopanda kanthu malingaliro ake amakhazikikabe,
• kuwunika mphamvu ya mankhwala.

Kubwezera ndi momwe wodwalayo amasinthira kupweteka kwakanthawi ndipo sikukhudza zomwe zimachitika mthupi. Pankhani ya matenda a shuga, chifukwa cha izi ndikofunikira kukwaniritsa ndi kusungitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikuchepetsa kapena kupatula kutulutsa kwathunthu mkodzo (kutengera mtundu wa matenda).

Zotsatira

Zomwe zimachitika pakuwunika kumeneku zimatengera mtundu wa matenda ashuga. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1, amawaganizira kuti amakhala olipidwa ngati mulingo wa glucose mwazigawo zilizonse zomwe zapezeka patsiku sizidutsa 10 mmol / L. Ngati mtengo wake ndiwosiyana, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuwunikiranso mtundu wa kayendetsedwe ka insulin, komanso kutsatira kwakanthawi zakudya zopindulitsa kwambiri.

Odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la matenda a shuga 2, mayendedwe awiri amawunikira:

• kudya glucose (sayenera kupitirira 6 mmol / l),
• kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi (sikuyenera kupitirira 8.25 mmol / l).

Pofuna kuyesa kuchuluka kwa chindapusa cha shuga, kuwonjezera pa mbiri ya glycemic, wodwalayo nthawi zambiri amayesedwa kuyesa kwamkodzo tsiku lililonse kuti adziwe shuga momwemo. Ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 shuga, mpaka 30 g shuga amatha kuwayika kudzera mu impso patsiku, ndi mtundu wachiwiri uyenera kukhala wopanda mkodzo. Izi, komanso zotsatira za kuyezetsa magazi kwa glycosylated hemoglobin ndi magawo ena a biochemical zimapangitsa kuti athe kudziwa bwino momwe matendawa agwiritsidwira ntchito.

Kudziwa za kusintha kwa shuga m'magazi tsiku lonse, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zothandizira panthawi yake. Chifukwa cha zidziwitso zatsatanetsatane zasayansi, dokotala amatha kusankha mankhwala abwino kwambiri kwa wodwalayo ndikumupatsa malangizo pazokhudza zakudya, moyo komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi. Mwa kusungitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga, munthu amachepetsa kwambiri matendawa ndikuwonjezera moyo.

Kuyesa kwa shuga m'magazi

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda oopsa komanso ofala kwambiri omwe amafunikira kuwunikira nthawi zonse. Njira yopambana yolamulira ndi mbiri ya glycemic. Kuwona malamulo a kafukufuku wa glycemic, ndikotheka kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga masana. Kutengera ndi zotsatira zomwe zapezeka, adokotala azitha kudziwa momwe mankhwalawo amathandizira komanso ngati pakufunika kutero, sinthani mankhwalawo.

Tanthauzo Lake

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga, kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikofunikira kuyesa kuchuluka kwa thanzi, komanso kusintha kwa jekeseni wa insulin. Kuwunikira zizindikiro kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito mbiri ya glycemic, i.e. kuyesedwa kunyumba, malinga ndi malamulo omwe alipo. Kuti mupeze kuyerekezera koyenera, kunyumba, glucometer amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera.

Zisonyezero pakugwiritsa ntchito mbiri ya glycemic

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 safuna jakisoni wokhazikika, yemwe amachititsa kufunika kwa mbiri ya glycemic kamodzi pamwezi. Zizindikirozi ndizazomwe zimayimira aliyense, kutengera chitukuko cha matenda, motero tikulimbikitsidwa kusunga zolemba ndikulemba zonsezo pamenepo. Izi zithandiza adotolo kuti azitha kuwunikira komanso kusintha momwe jekeseni amayenera.

Gulu la anthu omwe akufuna mbiri yokhazikika ya glycemic imaphatikizapo:

• Odwala omwe amafunikira jakisoni pafupipafupi. Khalidwe la GP limakambirana mwachindunji ndi adotolo.
• Amayi oyembekezera, makamaka omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Pa gawo lomaliza la kutenga pakati, GP imapangidwa kupatula kukula kwa matenda ashuga.
• Anthu omwe ali ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga omwe ali pachakudya. GP ikhoza kuchitidwa kufupikitsidwa kamodzi pamwezi.
• Mtundu wachiwiri wa odwala matenda ashuga omwe amafunika jakisoni wa insulin. Kuchita GP yathunthu kumachitika kamodzi pamwezi, kosakwanira kumachitika sabata iliyonse.
• Anthu omwe amapatuka pazakudya zomwe zidakonzedwa.

Bweretsani ku zomwe zalembedwa

Kodi zimatengedwa bwanji?

Kupeza zotsatira zoyenera kumadalira mtundu wa mpanda. Mpanda wabwinobwino umapezeka potsatira malamulo angapo ofunika:

• Sambani m'manja ndi sopo, pewani kupewetsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mowa pamalo opangira magazi,
• magazi ayenera kusiya chala mosavuta, simungathe kuyika chikakamizo pachala,
• kukonza magazi, ndikulimbikitsidwa kutikita minofu yofunikira.

Momwe mungayesere magazi?

Asanawunike, muyenera kutsatira malangizo ochepa kuti mutsimikizire zotsatira zoyenera, izi:

• kukana zopangidwa ndi fodya, kupatula kupsinjika-kwamalingaliro ndi nkhawa,
• Pewani kumwa madzi otumphukira, madzi opanda kanthu amaloledwa, koma pang'ono.
• kuti mumve bwino zotsatira, ndikofunikira kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala aliwonse omwe angawakhudze shuga, kupatula insulin, kwa tsiku limodzi.

Kusanthula kuyenera kuchitika mothandizidwa ndi glucometer imodzi pofuna kupewa zolakwika zowerengedwa.

Muyeso woyamba uyenera kuchitika pamimba yopanda kanthu m'mawa.

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kuti mupeze mbiri ya glycemic kuyenera kumwedwa molondola, kutsatira malangizo omveka bwino:

• mayeso oyamba ayenera kukhala m'mawa kwambiri pamimba yopanda kanthu,
• tsiku lonse, nthawi yotsatsira magazi imabwera musanadye komanso maola 1.5 mutadya.
• njira yotsatirayi imachitika musanagone,
• mpanda wotsatira umachitika nthawi ya 00:00 pakati pausiku,
• Kusanthula komaliza kumachitika 3:30 usiku.

Bweretsani ku zomwe zalembedwa

Zizindikiro zambiri

Pambuyo pa zitsanzozo, zojambulazo zalembedwa mu kope losankhidwa mwapadera ndikuwunika. Kutsatsa zotsatira kumayenera kuchitika nthawi yomweyo, kuwerenga kwabwinobwino kumakhala ndi magawo ochepa. Kuunika kuyenera kuchitika poganizira kusiyana pakati pa magulu a anthu. Zizindikiro zimawoneka ngati zabwinobwino:

• kwa akuluakulu ndi ana kuyambira chaka 3,3-5,5 mmol / l,
• kwa anthu okalamba - 4.5-6.4 mmol / l,
• kwa akhanda okha - 2.2-3.3 mmol / l,
• kwa ana mpaka chaka - 3.0-5,5 mmol / l.

Kuphatikiza pa umboni womwe waperekedwa pamwambapa, zoona zake:

Kuti muwonetsetse zotsatira, muyenera kudalira zizindikiritso za shuga m'magazi.

• Mu madzi am'magazi, kuchuluka kwa shuga sikuyenera kupitirira mtengo wa 6.1 mmol / L.
• Mlozera wama glucose maola 2 mutatha kudya zakudya zamagulu owonjezera sayenera kupitirira 7.8 mmol / L.
• Pamimba yopanda kanthu, kalozera wama sukari sayenera kupitirira 5.6-6.9 mmol / L.
• Shuga ndiwosavomerezeka mu mkodzo.

Bweretsani ku zomwe zalembedwa

Zopatukira

Kupatuka kuzinthu wamba kumalembedwa ngati kagayidwe kazakudya kamasokonekera, momwemo amawerengera adzafika ku 6.9 mmol / L. Pakuchulukitsa kuwerenga kwa 7.0 mmol / l, munthuyo amatumizidwa kukayezetsa kuti adziwe matenda a shuga. Mbiri ya glycemic mu shuga imapereka zotsatira za kuwunika kochitika pamimba yopanda kanthu, mpaka 7.8 mmol / L, ndikatha kudya - 11.1 mmol / L.

Kodi nchiyani chomwe chingapangitse kulondola?

Kulondola kwa kusanthula ndikulondola kwa zotsatira. Zambiri zimatha kukhudza kudalirika kwa zotsatira, zoyambirira zomwe zikunyalanyaza njira zowunikira. Kupereka molondola kwa miyeso masana masana, kunyalanyaza nthawi kapena kudumpha chilichonse kungasinthe kulondola kwa zotsatira ndi njira yotsatira yamankhwala. Osati kungolondola kwa kusanthula kokha, komanso kuwunika kwa njira zakukonzekera kumakhudza kulondola. Ngati chifukwa chilichonse kukonzekera kusanthula kwaphwanyidwa, kupendekera kwa umboni kumakhala kosatheka.

Daily GP

Daily GP - kuyezetsa magazi pamlingo wa shuga, kochitidwa kunyumba, mkati mwa maola 24. Khalidwe la GP limachitika molingana ndi malamulo osakhalitsa owongolera miyeso. Chofunikira ndi gawo lokonzekera, ndi kuthekera kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo choyeza, i.e. glucometer. Kuchita HP tsiku ndi tsiku, kutengera matendawo, mwina pamwezi, kangapo pamwezi kapena sabata.

Anthu omwe ali ndi magazi a shuga ayenera kuwunika shuga wawo wamagazi nthawi zonse. GP imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira imodzi yothanirana ndi shuga masana, makamaka kwa omwe ali ndi mtundu wa 2 matenda. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muziwongolera vutolo ndipo, kutengera zotsatira, sinthani chithandizo munjira yoyenera.

Mbiri Yabwino

Magazi a shuga m'magazi amasintha tsiku lonse. Kukhathamiritsa kwa shuga kumatengera kudya, zamaganizidwe, masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso zamaganizidwe, kuchuluka kwa zofunikira m'mimba komanso minofu ya adipose. Nthawi zambiri, anthu samalabadira zokonda zoterezi, chifukwa kusintha kumeneku sikukhudza moyo wawo mwanjira iliyonse (pokhapokha ngati mukufuna nthawi zambiri). Koma pali matenda ndi mikhalidwe yomwe imafuna chidwi chochulukirapo pamagulu a shuga. Izi zikuphatikiza:

Akukayikira insulin

Chitsimikizo cha matenda ashuga,

Kuchulukitsa kwamkodzo wamafuta.

Mbiri ya glycemic imapangidwa pamaziko a milingo yama carbohydrate magazi nthawi 5-6 masana, ndipo nthawi zina usiku. Udindo wa kulondola komanso chikhulupiriro chabwino uli m'manja mwa wodwalayo.

Njira zodziwira shuga

The endocrinologist payekhapayokha amafotokozera odwala ake chifukwa chake zotsatira zake ziyenera kulembedwa komanso momwe angazifotokozere.

Magazi a shuga a magazi amayenera kuwezedwa kasanu ndi kamodzi kapena asanu ndi atatu patsiku nthawi imodzi. Izi zikuthandizani kuti mupange regimen ndikuzisunga mtsogolomo pambuyo pokhazikitsa chithandizo.

Zotsatira zakuyimira ziyenera kulembedwa mu kope losonyeza tsiku ndi nthawi. Izi zikuthandizani kukhazikitsa bwino zomwe mwapeza ndikuzipeza.Ngati wodwala sagwiritsa ntchito insulini kuti athetse vuto lakelo, mawonekedwe a glycemic amasintha kamodzi pamwezi.

Kuchuluka kwa shuga kumayikidwa kwa aliyense payekhapayekha. Koma kuti zotsatira zifanane pakati pawo, madokotala amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito glucometer imodzi ndi zingwe zomwezo.

Zoyeserera

Ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo ena kuti atenge magazi molondola. Ngati wodwalayo amadzaza mbiri ya glycemic yake tsiku lililonse, ndiye kuti patapita nthawi maluso ake amakhala okha, ndipo safunikiranso kukumbutsidwa malamulowa.

1. Pamaso pa njirayi, muyenera kusamba m'manja mokwanira, pomwe sikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito sopo wonunkhira.

2. Musamwe mowa kuti muchotseretse chala mankhwala asanalowe jakisoni. Izi zitha kuchitika pambuyo pa njirayi. Ma Scariferi ndi osabala ndipo ali mumaphukusi amtundu uliwonse.

4. Kupititsa patsogolo kufalikira kwa magazi, phatikizani mkono wanu ndi kumugwira pamadzi ofunda kapena pamwamba pa radiator ya batri musanabaye.

5. Musayike chilichonse pachala chala musanatenge magazi.

Njira ya maola atatu yogwiritsira ntchito shuga

Kodi mbiri ya glycemic imapangidwa bwanji? Mlingo wa shuga nthawi zonse umasankhidwa payekha. Kwa anthu athanzi, izi ndi 3.3-55 mmol / L. Koma kwa odwala omwe ali mu dipatimenti ya endocrinology, izi zitha kukhala zochepa kwambiri, ndikuwopseza chikomokere.

Wodwalayo amapereka gawo loyamba la magazi m'mawa, atadzuka pabedi. Moyenerera pamimba yopanda kanthu. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mudziwe momwe shuga yanu iliri. Kenako bamboyo amakhala ndi chakudya cham'mawa ndipo atatha maola awiri amayambiranso. Ndi zina zotero tsiku lonse. Ngakhale wodwalayo atangokuluma, ndiye kuti atatha mphindi zana limodzi ndi makumi awiri ayenera kuonanso kuchuluka kwa shuga ndikulemba.

Asanagone, wodwalayo amayang'ananso kuchuluka kwa shuga. Kusanthula kotsatira kumachitika pakati pausiku, komaliza kumapeto kwa 3 m'mawa. Izi ndichifukwa chakuti kapamba amagwira ntchito mosasamala masana ndipo amachita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi kwambiri usiku, choncho chiopsezo cha kuperewera kwa hypoglycemic chikukula kwambiri m'mawa.

Mwazi wa magazi pa nthawi yapakati: wabwinobwino, wapamwamba, wotsika

Nthawi yapakati, azimayi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mavuto azaumoyo omwe sanamvepo kale. Makamaka, ndikutheka kwa 10%, kuphwanya kwa kagayidwe kazakudya kamapanga. Kuti muzindikire kusintha kwatsiku lino, azimayi onse omwe akuyembekezera kubadwa kwa mwana, amaphunzira maphunziro angapo a glycemia. Tilankhula za kafukufuku yemwe mayi wamtsogolo adutsamo komanso momwe angawerengere zotsatira zawo.

Mayeso a shuga pamimba

Ngati wodwalayo alibe choopsa cha matenda a shuga, ndiye kuti kuyezetsa kochepa kokha kumatha kuchitidwa. Ngati mayi ali pachiwopsezo cha matenda a carbohydrate metabolism, ndiye kuti zitsanzo zambiri zimayikidwa.

Maphunziro a glycemic ovomerezeka:

• kudya glycemia (glycosylated hemoglobin, shuga masana) polembetsa,
• kuyeserera pakamwa kwa glucose pakatikati pa sabata.

Kuyesedwa kowonjezereka kumafunikira ngati pachitika zinthu zoopsa (cholowa pamimba, kunenepa kwambiri, zaka 25+, glucosuria, mbiri ya glyperglycemia, matenda osokoneza bongo omwe ali nawo m'mimba yapitayi, mwana wosabadwa wamkulu kapena kubereka mwana m'mbiri, fetopathy ndi polyhydramnios ndi ultrasound).

Zowonjezera zina zikuphatikiza:

• kutsimikiza kwa mbiri ya glycemic tsiku ndi tsiku,
• kukonzanso kosala kudya glycemia,
• kuyeserera pakamwa kwa glucose kwa milungu 32.

Mwazi wamagazi mwa amayi apakati

Mukamayang'ana kagayidwe kazachilengedwe, kuyezetsa magazi konse kwa shuga ndi glycosylated hemoglobin kumachitika.

Nthawi zambiri, shuga wamagazi mwa mayi wapakati pamimba yopanda kanthu sikhala wamkulu kuposa 5.1 mmol / L. Ngakhale kupezeka kamodzi kokha kwamtengo wapatali kumakupatsani mwayi wofufuza matenda ashuga.

Mlingo wa hemoglobin wa glycosylated mwa anthu athanzi sichidutsa 6%.Matenda a shuga amapezeka ndi zizindikiro za 6.5%.

Glycemia sayenera kupitirira 7.8 mmol / L masana. Shuga mellitus imakhazikitsidwa ndi shuga m'magazi kuposa 11.1 mmol / L.

Njira yolondola kwambiri yodziwira matenda a carbohydrate metabolism imawerengedwa ngati mayeso a kulolera kwa glucose. Njira yake ndi kutanthauzira kwa zotsatirazi zikufotokozedwa munkhani yapadera - Kuyesa kwa glucose pakubala.

Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa glycemia ndi kusanthula kwina, mtundu wa matenda umafotokozedwa.

Mwazi wamatenda apakati pamimba

Mimba imapezeka:

Zomwe zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa glycemia koyambirira ndikusowa kwa insulin motsutsana ndi kuchepa kwa minyewa yonyansa ya minyewa iyi. M'malo mwake, shuga ya gestational ndi chiwonetsero cha metabolic syndrome ndi harbinger wa mtundu 2 shuga.

Matenda a shuga owonetsedwa ndi kuphwanya kwa kagayidwe kazakudya kamene kamakhudzana ndi kuperewera kwakukulu kapena wachibale wa insulin. Choyambitsa chimatha kukhala chiwonongeko cha autoimmune cha maselo a pancreatic beta kapena insulin kukana kwa zotumphukira.

Shuga wamwazi ndi wowopsa kwa mayi woyembekezera ndi mwana. Hyperglycemia imasokoneza magazi enieni a fetoplacental tata. Zotsatira zake, mwana wosabadwayo alibe mpweya ndi michere. Kuphatikiza apo, shuga m'magawo okwera amasokoneza mayendedwe achilengedwe ndi ziwalo za mwana. Hyperglycemia imakhala yoopsa makamaka m'mimba.

Zoopsa kwa mwana ngati ali ndi matenda ashuga mwa mayi:

• mwayi wokulira kwa kufa kwa fetal,
• matenda a intrauterine,
• kubadwa koyambirira
• kubadwa ndi zovuta zachitukuko,
• kubadwa ndi fetopathy (kukula kwake kwakukulu, kutupa, chitetezo chokwanira).

Kwa akazi, hyperglycemia pa nthawi yapakati imakhalanso yosavomerezeka. Vutoli limapangitsa kuti:

• zovuta zapakati pa kutenga pakati komanso pobereka,
• polyhydramnios
• kuvulala pakubala, etc.

Ngakhale kuchuluka pang'ono kwa glycemia kumatha kubweretsa zotsatirapo zoyipa. Chifukwa chake, ndi hyperglycemia iliyonse ya amayi apakati, ndikofunikira kufunsa dokotala wa endocrinologist ndikuyamba kulandira chithandizo. Nthawi zambiri, mankhwalawa amaphatikizapo zakudya zapadera zokha. Koma ayenera kusankhidwa ndi katswiri. M'mimba, ndikofunikira kwambiri kukhala ndiudindo wathanzi osati kudzisinkhasinkha.

Mwazi wochepa wamagazi panthawi yomwe muli ndi pakati

M'mimba, azimayi ambiri amakhala ndi vuto la hypoglycemia. Glycemia wotsika imatha kuwonetsedwa ndi kufooka, kunjenjemera, thukuta, komanso kuyendetsa mwachangu. Nthawi zina, shuga wochepa wamwazi amabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa. Zotsatira zoyipa:

Zotsatira zoyipazi zimatha kuchitika ndi hypoglycemia yoyambitsidwa ndi mankhwala (insulin) kapena zotupa. Nthawi zambiri, madontho amtunduwu wa glycemia amapitilira motsika.

Kuti muwonedwe ndikukulimbikitsani, muyenera kufunsa wa endocrinologist. Kuchiza nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso kuletsa zakudya zamafuta ochepa pa menyu. Ngati vuto la hypoglycemic lachitika kale, ndiye kuti mkazi amalimbikitsidwa kuti amwe mafuta osavuta owonjezera (1-2 XE). Zakumwa zotsekemera (kapu ya madzi, tiyi wokhala ndi supuni ziwiri za shuga kapena kupanikizana) zimathandiza kwambiri.

Kuyesa kwa shuga kwamagazi kosavuta kwa shuga

Kuti muwone kulondola kwa njira ya mankhwala komanso momwe odwala matenda ashuga alili, kuyezetsa magazi pafupipafupi ndikofunikira. Amakulolani kuti mufufuze zizindikiro za shuga, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti mumalize kugwira ntchito bwino kwa chithandizo, komanso kusintha mlingo wa insulin womwe umaperekedwa kwa wodwala. Pali njira zina zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wochitira izi kunyumba. Munkhaniyi timvetsetsa momwe mbiri ya glycemic imapangidwira, zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri komanso momwe tingatanthauzire zotsatira za kuwunika.Tikukuuzani momwe mungayendetsere mayesowo molondola kuti mumve zotsatira zabwino.

Mwazi wamatenda apakati pamimba.

Sindinkaganiza kwenikweni kuti ndingakumane ndi tsoka ngati ili. Pomwe adapereka chiwongolero chololeza shuga - ndinadandaula, kunena - pazifukwa zina, kwa ine. Zotsatira zake, adapita kukatenga lero - adatenga magazi nthawi yoyamba - 7.8 ... Kukondweretsa, pamlingo waukulu - 5. Mwachilengedwe, sanapatse glucose kuti amwe - adatumiza kunyumba, akuti abwera 11:30. Anabwera - adatenganso magazi, akuti abwera 14-30. Zotsatira zake, mbiri ya glycemic idadutsa. Zotsatira zake zimakhala zodabwitsa chifukwa Sindikumvetsa kuti shuga imatha kudumphira chotere bwanji.

Sindinadye chilichonse m'mawa, sindinasambe mano - monga G adalangizira ... Madzulo, ndinadya saladi zamasamba ndi zoyera dzira 20 koloko.

Atsikana, omwe adakumana ndi vuto lotere, nchiyani chikuwopseza?

Ndidapezanso shuga posinthanitsa ndi mphindi yaying'ono - 4.9. Chifukwa chakezinso ndizambiri. Chifukwa chiyani sanakhazikike nthawi yomweyo?

Ndipo ndidzadya m'mawa m'mawa - ndipo zimadzakhala x * p * e * n * o * v * o, kufooka koteroko ... Mwina chifukwa cha shuga? Kenako ndinadzuka masana. Mwambiri, ola limodzi kuchokera ola limodzi silophweka. Mawa ndipita ku G. Ndikumva, tsopano ndidzakhala wolamulidwa kwambiri.

Kuyesedwa ndi mayeso pa mimba

Laboratory magazi kuyezetsa

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kumaphatikizapo kudziwa kuchuluka kwa maselo am'magazi: maselo ofiira am'magazi - maselo ofiira am'magazi, maselo oyera am'magazi - maselo oyera amwazi, mitundu yonse yam'magazi oyera, ndi mapulateleti omwe amayambitsa magazi. Kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin kumadziwikanso - ma pigment omwe ali m'maselo ofiira amwazi komanso okosijeni. Pakufufuza koyesa magazi pafupipafupi, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) imatsimikizidwanso. Magazi ndi minyewa yamadzimadzi yomwe imagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kusamutsa okosijeni ndi michere kwa ziwalo ndi minofu ndikuchotsa zinthu za slag kuchokera kwa iwo. Zosintha m'magazi othandizira sizowoneka bwino, koma nthawi yomweyo zimawonetsa kusintha komwe kumachitika mthupi lonse, kuphatikiza pa nthawi yomwe muli ndi pakati. Ndikofunika kumwa magazi m'mawa, pamimba yopanda kanthu, chifukwa kudya kumatha kukhudza zotsatira za kusanthula "Magazi amatengedwa kuchokera kumunwe, koma ngati magazi amachotsedwa kuchokera m'mtsempha tsiku lomwelo kukayezetsa ena (biochemical, etc.), ndiye magazi a kusanthula kwapadera kumatha kutenga kuchokera mu mtsempha.

Phunziroli limachitika m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Poganizira mizere ya tsiku ndi tsiku ya masinthidwe amagazi, zitsanzo za maphunziro obwereza zimatengedwa nthawi yomweyo.

Kuyesa kwamwazi wamagazi. Chofunikira ndikukana kwathunthu chakudya m'mawa wa mayeso (madzulo a tsiku lapitalo, chakudya chamadzulo chimalimbikitsidwa). Kuchita zolimbitsa thupi mwamphamvu kumatsutsana, zochitika zopsinjika ziyenera kupewedwa. Mphamvu ya mankhwala osiyanasiyana pazisonyezero zamitundu mitundu ya thupi ndi yosiyana kwambiri kotero kuti amalimbikitsidwa kukana kumwa mankhwala asanapereke magazi kuti apange kafukufuku. Ngati kuchotsedwa kwa mankhwala sikungatheke, tifunika kudziwitsa dokotala yemwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiritsa, izi zitithandiza kuti tiyambitse kusintha kwa zotsatira za mayeso a labotale. Pa kusanthula kumeneku, mutha kudziwa magawo ambiri a magazi - mwachitsanzo, monga kudziwa kuchuluka kwa uric acid, kuwerenga kusinthana kwa mitundu ya bile, kudziwa mulingo wa creatinine ndikuwonetsa Reberg, ndi zina zambiri.

Kudziwitsa za uric acid wambiri. M'masiku apitawa kafukufukuyu, ndikofunikira kutsatira zakudya: kukana kudya zakudya zopatsa mphamvu - chiwindi, impso, momwe mungathere kuchepetsa nyama, nsomba, khofi, tiyi mu chakudya. Zochita zolimbitsa thupi ndizotsutsana.

Kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi kusintha kwa mitundu ya bile akuphatikizira kudziwa kuchuluka kwa bilirubin m'magazi. Pachifukwa ichi, gwiritsani ntchito seramu yamagazi.Phunziroli lisanachitike, sikulimbikitsidwa kutenga ascorbic acid, ndikofunikira kupatula mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amachititsa kuti pakhale utoto wa seramu (kaloti, lalanje).

Kudziwitsa kuchuluka kwa creatinine ndi kapangidwe ka mayeso a Reberg kumachitika nthawi yomweyo m'mwazi ndi mkodzo. Mkodzo wa tsiku ndi tsiku umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti muwone milingo ya creatinine. Pa mayeso a Reberg, panthawi yophunzira pamiyeso, mayi woyembekezera ayenera kugona, osadya chakudya mayeso ake asanafike. Pa maziko a kunja, m'mawa, mkazi amamwa 400-600 ml ya madzi ndikuthira chikhodzodzo, nthawi yakonzedwa. Pambuyo pa theka la ola, 5-6 ml ya magazi amatengedwa kuchokera m'mitsempha kuti adziwe creatinine. Hafu ya ola limodzi (ola limodzi pambuyo pokodza koyamba) mkodzo umasonkhanitsidwa ndipo voliyumu yake imatsimikiziridwa. Ndi osakwanira diuresis (kuchuluka kwa mkodzo), mkodzo umasonkhanitsidwa mu maola 2, ndipo magazi amatengedwa ola limodzi chikhodzodzo chikapanda kanthu.

Kudziwitsa za kuchuluka kwa mahomoni m'magazi. Mukafuna kudziwa kuchuluka kwa prolactin, cortisol, mahomoni a chithokomiro (T4, TK, TSH, TG, AT-TG), insulin ndi C-peptide sayenera kudyedwa kwa maola 5 musanatenge magazi kuchokera m'mitsempha kuti muwunikenso. Monga lamulo, magazi amatengedwa m'mawa. Zowonetsera zina za momwe ma Horona amakhudzidwira, kuwunika pamimba yopanda kanthu komanso nthawi yobereka sikukhudzana.

Coagulogram. Kusanthula kumeneku kuyenera kuchitika panthawi yoyembekezera. Ikuwonetsa ntchito yamagazi owundana, imathandizira kupewa ngozi yotaya magazi nthawi yobereka. Kusanthula kumatengedwa m'mawa, pamimba yopanda kanthu. Tsiku lisanatenge magazi kuti mupeze kafukufuku pazakudya, ndikofunikira kupatula zakudya zamafuta ndi zotsekemera.

Laboratory mayeso a mkodzo

Urinalysis ndi njira yofufuzira yomwe imakupatsani mwayi woweruza ntchito ya kwamikodzo. Kusanthula kumalola kupatula matenda opatsirana kwamikodzo, kuzindikira mitundu yayikulu ya toxicosis ya theka loyamba la pakati, kuphatikizika kwa theka lachiwiri la mimba, gestosis, komanso zochitika zina ndi matenda. Kuchita mkodzo pafupipafupi kumaphatikizira kuwunika kwa machitidwe am'mimba ndi ma microscopy a phompho. Madzulo, ndibwino kuti musadye masamba ndi zipatso, zomwe zingasinthe mtundu wa mkodzo, musatenge ma diuretics. Musanatenge mkodzo, muyenera kupanga chimbudzi chaukhondo, ndikulowetsa tampon mu nyini kuti nyini yochokera mkati mwake isalowe mkodzo. Kusanthula kumasonkhanitsidwa mu chidebe chapadera chomwe chimapezeka mu labotale, kapena m'malo oyera. Mukodzo wa m'mawa umatengedwa kuti ukafufuze. Zoyeserera ziyenera kuperekedwa ku labotale mkati mwa maola 1-2 mutatha kutolera.

Mwa kusanthula kwakanthawi, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mkodzo wa "m'mawa", womwe umasonkhana mu chikhodzodzo usiku, izi zimachepetsa kusinthasintha kwachilengedwe kwamkodzo ndipo potero mumakhala magawo omwe amawerengedwa. Kafukufuku wathunthu amafunikira mkodzo wosachepera 70 ml. Mkodzo umayenera kusungidwa pambuyo pachimbuzi chokwanira cha genitalia yakunja (kulephera kutsatira lamuloli kungayambitse kuzindikira kwa kuchuluka kwama cell ofiira ndi maselo oyera amwazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kudziwa bwino). Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito yankho la sopo (wotsatira kutsuka ndi madzi owiritsa), 0,02 - 0,1% potaziyamu ya potaziyamu. Pa kusanthula, mkodzo wonse umatha kusonkhanitsidwa, koma zinthu zina zotupa za urethra, genitalia yakunja, ndi zina zotere, zitha kulowa mkati mwake, chifukwa chake, monga lamulo, gawo loyamba la mkodzo siligwiritsidwa ntchito. Gawo lachiwiri (pakati!) Limasonkhanitsidwa mu mbale yoyera, osakhudza chubu cha thupi. Zakudya zamkodzo zotsekedwa mwamphamvu ndi chivindikiro. Urinalysis imagwira ntchito osaposera 2 mawola zinthu zitalandira. Mkodzo womwe umasungidwa nthawi yayitali ungathe kuipitsidwa ndi zomera zina zakunja. Mwanjira imeneyi, pH (acidity) ya mkodzo imasinthira kumitengo yapamwamba chifukwa cha ammonia yotulutsidwa ndi mabakiteriya mumkodzo.Ma microorganism amadya glucose, motero ndi glucosuria mutha kupeza zotsatira zoyipa kapena zopanda chiyembekezo. Mitundu yogoba imawonongeka masana. Kusunga mkodzo kumabweretsa kuwonongedwa kwa maselo ofiira am'magazi ndi zinthu zina zam'magazi momwemo.

Kafukufuku wambiri wa shuga mumkodzo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Ndikofunikira kusonkhetsa mkodzo watsiku ndi tsiku, i.e. mkodzo wonse tsiku limodzi. Potere, chidebe chokhala ndi mkodzo chimayenera kusungidwa pamalo abwino (bwino - mufiriji patsambalo lotsika ku 4-8 ° C), kupewa kutentha kwake. Ndi mkodzo wambiri tsiku ndi tsiku, gawo lokha lomwe limatha kubweretsedwa ku labotale kuti lisanthule. M'mbuyomu, wodwalayo amayesa kuchuluka kwa mkodzo tsiku lililonse, amalemba ndi kupita kwa dotolo, ndipo, atasakaniza bwino, amathira 50-100 ml ya voliyumu yonse mu chidebe choyera, pambuyo pake amapereka mkodzo mu labotale komanso malangizo. Mu shuga mellitus, ndizothekanso kudziwa shuga mumkodzo womwe amatengedwa nthawiokhazikika (yoyesedwa ndi dokotala) nthawi yayitali.

Maphunziro a glucosuric mbiri (kutsimikiza kwa shuga mu mkodzo). Kuti muphunzire mawonekedwe a glucosuric, mkodzo umasonkhanitsidwa nthawi zingapo: Ndimagawa - kuyambira maola 9 mpaka 14, II - kuchokera maola 14 mpaka 19, III - kuchokera maola 19 mpaka 23, IV - kuyambira 23 mpaka 6 m'mawa, V - kuyambira 6 mpaka 6 9 a.m. Asanapendekeze, zigawo za mkodzo ziyenera kusungidwa mufiriji pa 4 ° C.

Kutolere kwamkodzo pakuwunikira bakiteriya ("chikhalidwe chazitsulo"). Mukamakola mkodzo kuti muyeze bakiteriya ("chikhalidwe chosabereka"), maliseche akunja amayenera kutsukidwa ndi madzi owiritsa okha, chifukwa kulowetsedwa kwa njira yotsutsa mkodzo kumatha kupereka zotsatira zabodza. Pakuwunika kwa bakiteriya, mkodzo kuchokera pakati umasonkhanitsidwa m'mbale zosalala.

Kuyesa kwa mkodzo malinga ndi Nechiporenko. Kuyesaku kumachitika kupatula matenda monga pyelonephritis ndi glomerulonephritis. Gawo la mkodzo wamkati pakati pokodza limayesedwa (gawo la "pakati" la mkodzo). Kwa kusanthula, 15-25 ml ndikokwanira. Kusungirako ndi kutumiza ku labotale kumachitidwa momwemo ndi kufufuzidwa kwa mankhwalawa kwamkodzo.

Urinalysis malinga ndi Zimnitsky (kutsimikiza kwa magwiridwe antchito a impso). Pochita mayesowa, mutha kukhazikitsa kuchuluka kwa kusefedwa ndi chidwi cha impso. Mayeso a Zimnitsky amapangidwa mu magawo asanu ndi atatu a mkodzo womwe umasonkhanitsidwa masana. Yoyamba imakhala ndi mkodzo kwa nthawi yayitali kuyambira maola 6 mpaka 9, mtsogolomo, kusonkhanitsa mkodzo kumapitilizidwa pakapita maola atatu (pambuyo maola 9 mpaka maola 12 - mumtsuko wachiwiri, kuyambira maola 12 mpaka 15 - lachitatu, lomaliza, lachisanu ndi chitatu. , mtsuko wa mkodzo umasonkhanitsidwa kuyambira 3 mpaka 6 m'mawa). Kutola kwa mkodzo kumalizidwa 6 koloko tsiku lotsatira. Zolemba zokhala ndi nambala komanso nthawi yomwe gawo ili zalandilidwa zimakunguliridwa muzotengera zonse (kuti musasokoneze mitsuko, ndibwino kuti muchite izi pasadakhale, mkodzo usanayambe). Maluso amasungidwa kuzizira mpaka kafukufuku. Ngakhale mabanki omwe analibe kanthu amayenera kubweretsedwa ku labotale.

Magazi ndi Rh factor ndi chibadwidwe chamtundu wina chomwe sichimasintha m'moyo wonse. Gulu la magazi ndi kuphatikiza kwapadera kwa ma antijeni apansipansi a maselo ofiira am'magazi (ma agglutinogens) a dongosolo la ABO. Chotsatira cha Rhesus chimatsimikiziridwa ndi kupezeka kwa B-antigen (magazi a Rhesus positive) kapena kusowa kwake (magazi a Rh-negative). Magazi kuti awunike amatengedwa kuchokera m'mitsempha.

Kuyesedwa kwa biochemical kwamagazi kumakhala ndi izi: AcAt - aspartate aminotransferase, mwachindunji ndi okwana bilirubin, creatinine, urea, glucose. Kusanthula kwa biochemical ndi chisonyezo cha chiwindi, impso, m'mimba. Mwazi wamagazi ndi chisonyezo cha kapamba - gawo lomwe limatulutsa timadzi tating'onoting'ono timene timakhala ndi mafuta m'thupi. Magazi kuti awunike amatengedwa kuchokera m'mitsempha.Muyenera kubwera motere m'mawa komanso m'mimba yopanda kanthu.

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi ku matenda a Edzi, syphilis, hepatitis B, C kumachitika. Mwazi umatengedwa kuchokera mu mtsempha kuti uwunikidwe. Phunziroli limachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa kukhalapo kwa matenda a TORCH: toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus ndi matenda a herpes. Dzinali limapangidwa ndi zilembo zoyambirira m'm mayina achi Latin - Toxoplasma, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes. Kuyesedwa uku kumakuthandizani kuzindikira matenda omwe ali ndi matenda angapo omwe ali oopsa pakukula kwa khanda la mwana. Matenda oyamba onse ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timayambitsa nthawi yokhala ndi pakati komanso kubwezeretsanso kapena kuyambitsanso zingayambitse kusokonezeka kwa fetal.

Mofananamo, ma antibodies am'kalasi a IgG amatsimikizika (matupi awa amatsimikizika m'magazi ngati mayiyo ali kale ndi matendawa) ndi IgM (wapezeka nthawi yoyamba matendawa kapena kufalikira kwa matendawa) kwa othandizira omwe akutenga matendawa. Phunziroli limatithandizira kunena zowona za matenda omwe kale anali nawo, kuchuluka kwa machitidwewo kapena kupezeka kwa kufalikira kwa matenda opatsirana, komanso mphamvu yakuyankha kwa thupi. Kwa kusanthula, magazi amatengedwa kuchokera mu mtsempha.

Coagulogram ndimawerengera amomwe amapanga magazi, momwe amasinthika kwambiri panthawi yoyembekezera. Zizindikiro zotsatirazi zimawunikidwa: antithrombin III, APTT - adalowetsedwa gawo la thromboplastin nthawi, prothrombin. Kupatuka kuzizwitsa kwa zizindikiritso izi kumakhala ndi phindu lodziwikiratu pakudziwika kwa mtundu wina wolakwika komanso zovuta zina. Mwazi umatengedwa kuchokera m'mitsempha pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Kufuulira pa maluwa ndichimodzi mwazeso zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri ku matenda azachiphuphu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza matenda osiyanasiyana otupa, kutanthauza kukhalapo kwa matenda opatsirana pogonana. Kutolere zitsanzo za kusanthula kwa smear sikutanthauza kuti wodwalayo azikonzekera ndipo angathe kuchitika nthawi iliyonse. Kusanthula kumachitika potsatira mayeso azachipatala.

Swear for cytology ndikuthekera kwachiberekero kuti muphunzire maselo ophimba khomo lachiberekero. Ndine imodzi mwazomwe tikutsata pakufufuza zam'mbuyo, zam'mbuyo komanso khansa ya khomo pachibelekeropo. Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufukuyu amakupatsani mwayi wopeza kapena kuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa matenda ena opatsirana pogonana. Cytology smears iyenera kumwedwa kwa azimayi onse azaka zopitilira 18, mosasamala kanthu zazidziwitso zamankhwala, kamodzi pachaka. Wofufuza amatengedwa panthawi yoyezetsa magazi.

Kufufuza kwa Ultrasound (ultrasound) - kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri pakufotokozera momveka bwino nthawi yomwe mayi ali ndi pakati, kufotokoza momveka bwino za mwana wosabadwayo, momwe amapangira komanso kukula.

Kuyesedwa kawiri - kuyesa kwa "biochemical" kawiri koyambirira - kusanthula komwe kumachitika ndi amayi onse oyembekezera kuti asatenge matenda a chromosomal (Down syndrome, Edward syndrome, vuto la neural chubu), muli ndi maphunziro awa:

1. Free beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG>. Chorionic gonadotropin amapangidwa ndi placenta preceror, chorion.Mlingo wamagazi a beta-hCG kale pa tsiku la 6-8 mutatha kutenga lingaliro kuti mupeze kuzindikira kwam'mimba Masiku 1-2 pambuyo pa seramu yamagazi).

2. PAPP-A ndi mapuloteni a plasma A ogwirizana ndi pakati.

Magazi ochokera m'msempha amaperekedwa kuti awoneke, ndibwino kuti muwunike pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Kuyesedwa katatu, monga kuwerengetsa kawiri, ndi kuwunika komwe kumakwaniritsa zolinga zofanananso ndi mayeso owirikiza - kumathetsa matenda a fetal chromosomal. Kuyesedwa katatu ndikuphatikizapo izi:

1. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).

2. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) - chimodzi mwazolemba zazikulu za mwana wosabadwayo poyang'anira kutenga pakati.AFP imapangidwa koyamba mu yolk sac, kenako, kuyambira sabata la 5 la kukula kwa fetus, mu chiwindi ndi m'mimba mundawo ya mwana wosabadwayo. Kusinthana kwa AFP pakati pa mwana wosabadwayo ndi madzi amniotic ndikulowa kwake m'magazi a amayi kumatengera momwe impso zimayendera komanso m'mimba mwa mwana wosabadwayo komanso kuvomerezeka kwa chotchinga chake.

3. Free estriol (EZ) - mahomoni ogonana achikazi. Kuchuluka kwa estriol kumapangidwa mu placenta kuchokera ku zotsogola zopangidwa ndi chiwindi cha fetal. Pa nthawi yobereka, kuyambira nthawi yopanga ya placenta, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni kumawonjezeka kwambiri.

Kuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa kwa msanga kwa zomwe zikuwonetsedwa kawiri komanso katatu zimawonetsa kukhalapo kwa chromosomal pathology ndipo ndicho chifukwa chowunikiranso.

Dopplerometry ndi kafukufuku yemwe amachitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kusanthula kwa ultrasound. Mu nthawi ya dopplerometry, mawonekedwe a kayendedwe ka magazi m'mitsempha ya mwana wosabadwayo, placenta, chingwe cha umbilical amadziwika.

Cardiotocography (CTG) - kulembetsa kugunda kwamtima kwa fetal pamodzi ndi kuyendetsa magwiridwe antchito yamagalimoto (kayendedwe) ndi zochitika zapachiberekero cha chiberekero. Kafukufukuyu amatilola kuwunika mkhalidwe wa mwana wosabadwayo, zochita za chiberekero. Nthawi zambiri, kugunda kwamtima kwa fetal kumawonjezeka panthawi yoyenda, ndipo palibe chochita chachiberekero cha chiberekero.

Mayeso ochokera ku gululi amaperekedwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osachiritsika omwe ali ndi matenda owopsa panthawi yapakati, komanso amayi oyembekezera omwe ali ndi zovuta panthawi yapakati.

Mayeso a mkodzo malinga ndi Nechiporenko, malinga ndi Zimnitsky amapatsidwa vuto lililonse pofufuza mkodzo. Amapangitsa kuti athe kuwunika kukhalapo kwa matenda opatsirana pamitsempha yosiyanasiyana ya kwamikodzo, komanso kusefa ndi ntchito za impso.

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa mahomoni - magazi ochokera m'mitsempha amaperekedwa ngati mukukayikira matenda a chithokomiro (mahomoni TK, T4, TSH), ndikuwopseza kutha kwa mimba (testosterone, D1 S). Ngati ndi kotheka, dokotalayo atha kukulemberani mayeso ena kuti mupeze zotupa za parathyroid, thumba losunga mazira, komanso tinthu tamene timatulutsa.

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa anti-rhesus ndi matupi a anti-group kumayikidwa panthawi yomwe magazi azaka 6 omwe ali ndi vuto losautsa la Rhesus ndipo gulu loyamba la magazi likupezeka (ngati mwamunayo amakhala ndi rhesus kapena gulu la magazi kusiyapo koyambirira). Pakakhala zolembedwa zotsimikizira gulu la magazi a rhesus la abambo amtsogolo, adzaperekedwanso kuti apereke magazi kuti aunikidwe. Kusanthula kumadutsa nthawi 1 pamwezi mpaka masabata a 32 a mimba ndi nthawi imodzi pakatha milungu iwiri iliyonse pambuyo pa milungu 32 yoyembekezera, ngati ma antibodies amawoneka kapena gawo lawo limakula, kusanthula kumayambitsidwa nthawi zambiri, malinga ndi dongosolo la munthu.

Mbiri ya Glycemic - magazi kuchokera pachala chala shuga amaperekedwa kangapo patsiku limodzi. Kusanthula koteroko nthawi zambiri kumayikidwa m'chipatala mukazindikira kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi kapena kupeza shuga mumkodzo.

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi ndi kuyezetsa magazi kwa anthu opatsirana pogonana kumachitika ngati matenda opatsirana pogonana akuwoneka, malinga ndi zotsatira za kuyesedwa ndi smear pamabala, ngati kachilombo ka fetus kaganiziridwa.

Chorionic biopsy, placentocentesis, amniocentesis, cordocentesis ndi njira zodziwikitsa prenatal zokhudzana ndi kulowerera kwa chiberekero pogwiritsa ntchito singano yapadera kuti itenge zinthu za fetal (maselo a placenta, madzimadzi amniotic, ndi zina zambiri) kuti aunike. Izi zimachitika ndi azimayi omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha kubadwa kwa matenda obadwa nawo, monga: amayi apakati opitirira 35, panjira yonyamula matenda a chromosomal, kubadwa kwa ana am'mbuyomu omwe ali ndi vuto losakwanitsa, kuwonetsa ma radiation wina wa okwatirana, kumwa ma cytostatics kapena antiepileptic mankhwala, osakhala nawo, kukhalapo kwa chikhomo cha ma HTML. Nthawi zambiri - kukayikira ngati matenda.

8-9 milungu ya mimba

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi konse.

Urinalysis

Kuyesa kwa magazi pa gulu lililonse ndi Rh.

Kuyesa kwamwazi wamagazi.

Magazi a Edzi, syphilis, hepatitis B, C, matenda a TORCH: toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus ndi matenda a herpetic.

Smear for cytology.

Ultrasound Pakadali pano, kafukufukuyu ndiofunikira kwambiri, pakukonzekera kwake magawo atsimikiza kuti sadzakhalanso ndi mwayi wodziwitsa (makulidwe a kolala, etc.). M'badwo wa gestational womwe umatsimikiziridwa ndi ultrasound mu trimester yoyambirira ndiwolondola kwambiri poyerekeza ndi ma ultrasound amtsogolo.

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi konse, kuyesa kwamkodzo.

· Kuyesedwa kwa magazi, mkodzo

· Urinalysis

· Kuyesedwa kwa magazi pafupipafupi, kuyesa kwamkodzo.

· Urinalysis

Kusanthula magazi, mkodzo,

Kuyesa kwamwazi wamagazi.

Magazi a Edzi, syphilis, hepatitis B, C, matenda a TORCH: toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus ndi matenda a herpetic.

Kuzindikira mbiri ya glycemic, wodwalayo amayenera kuyeza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magawo angapo masana pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chapadera - glucometer.

Kufunika koyenera kotero kuti muthe kusintha moyenera kuchuluka kwa timadzi timene timatulutsa - insulin ngati pali mtundu wa matenda a shuga 2.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuwongolera kwa shuga m'magazi kumathandizira kuwunika momwe wodwalayo alili komanso momwe alili, komanso zimathandizira kupewa kukweza kapena kutsika kwa shuga. Zotsatira zonse zoyezera zalembedwa m'madongosolo apadera a matenda ashuga.

Odwala omwe ali ndi mbiri yodwala matenda a shuga, ngakhale kuti alibe zofunika pakukhazikitsa mahomoni tsiku ndi tsiku, amafunika kuwunikira mbiri ya glycemic yotchedwa tsiku ndi tsiku, osachepera m'masiku 30.

Zotsatira zomwe zimapezeka kwa wodwala aliyense zimakhala zisonyezo payekha, popeza chizolowezi chimatengera maphunziridwe ake komanso kukula kwa matendawa.

Ndikofunikira kulingalira momwe mungaperekere kusanthula molondola, ndipo ndizowonetsa chiyani? Ndipo mupezanso zomwe zimakhudza zotsatira za mbiri ya glycemic?

Zomwe madotolo amati pa matenda ashuga

Doctor of Medical Science, Pulofesa Aronova S. M.

Kwa zaka zambiri ndakhala ndikuphunzira za zovuta za DIABETES. Zimakhala zowopsa anthu ambiri akamwalira, ndipo makamaka amakhala olumala chifukwa cha matenda ashuga.

Ndithamangira kunena mbiri yabwino - Endocrinological Research Center ya Russian Academy of Medical Sayansi yakwanitsa kupanga mankhwala omwe amachiritsa odwala matenda ashuga mellitus. Pakadali pano, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa mankhwalawa kuyandikira 100%.

Nkhani ina yabwino: Unduna wa Zaumoyo wateteza kukhazikitsidwa kwa pulogalamu yapadera yomwe imalipilira mtengo wonse wa mankhwalawo. Ku Russia ndi mayiko a CIS odwala matenda ashuga kale atha kupeza mankhwala ZAULERE .