Mlingo ndi makonzedwe a insulin

Insulin imayendetsedwa mosagwirizana, mwadzidzidzi - kudzera m'mitsempha kapena intramuscularly. Subcutaneous makonzedwe a insulini siwachilengedwe, koma pakadali pano ndi njira yokhayo yovomerezeka ya insulin.

Wodwalayo ayenera kudziwa malamulo ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kuthamanga ndi kuchuluka kwa kulowa kwa insulin m'magazi pambuyo pobayira. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti insulini ngati mankhwala ndiwapadera poganiza kuti kugwira kwake ntchito sikungotengera mawonekedwe a mankhwalawo, komanso pazinthu zambiri zokhudzana ndi luso la kayendetsedwe kake.

Malo a Insulin

Mukabaya jekeseni wam'mimba m'mimba (kumanzere ndi kumanja kwa msomali), insulin imalowetsedwa kwambiri m'magazi, pomwe jekeseni mu ntchafu imayamba pang'onopang'ono komanso osakwanira: pafupifupi 25% poyerekeza ndi jekeseni wam'mimba. Mukabayidwa mapewa komanso matako, kuthamanga ndi kuchuluka kwa insulini kumatenga malo apakati.

Chifukwa chake, pakusintha kwachilendo pamafakisoni m'malo osiyanasiyana a thupi, kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa glucose-kuchepetsa mphamvu ya insulin, makamaka kwakanthawi kochepa, ndikotheka. Chifukwa chake, kusintha kwa malo opangira jakisoni (m'mimba, ntchafu, phewa) kuyenera kusinthidwa motsatizana mkati momwemo malinga ndi dongosolo linalake, mwachitsanzo, nthawi zonse amapangira jakisoni m'mimba m'mawa, phewa masana, m'chiuno madzulo, kapena jekeseni yonse pamimba.

Ndikofunika kuperekera insulin yochepa m'mimba yamafuta am'mimba, komanso kugwira ntchito yayitali m'mapewa kapena ntchafu.

Insulin ikalowetsedwa m'dera lomwelo la khungu, kusintha kwamkati wamafuta amkati kumachitika, komwe kumachepetsa ndikuchepetsa kuyamwa kwa insulin.

Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa insulin kumachepa, komwe kumapangitsa malingaliro abodza kuti akufunika kuwonjezera Mlingo wake. Izi zimatha kupewedwa ndikusintha malo a jakisoni ndikuwona mtunda pakati pa malo oyamba ndi singano pakhungu la 1 cm.

Kutentha

Kusintha kowoneka bwino kwa insulini kumachitika pamene kutentha kwa khungu kumasintha malo a jakisoni. Kusamba kapena sopo wowotcha, kugwiritsa ntchito poto lotenthetsera, kukhalabe dzuwa lotentha kumathandizira kuyamwa kwa insulin (kawiri).

Kukhazikika khungu kumachepetsa kuyamwa kwa insulin ndi pafupifupi 50%. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kupaka insulin yomwe yangotulutsidwa mu firiji chifukwa cha kuyamwa pang'onopang'ono. Njira yothetsera insulin iyenera kukhala ndi kutentha kwa chipinda.

Kuchepetsa tsamba la jakisoni wa insulin

Kuchepetsa kwa jakisoni kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa insulin ndi 30 peresenti kapena kupitirira. Chifukwa chake, kupepuka kwamankhwala jakisoni mutangoyambitsa insulin kuyenera kuchitidwa pafupipafupi kapena ayi. Nthawi zina (mwachitsanzo, pazochitika ndi chakudya chochuluka), mutha kuthamangitsa mayendedwe a insulin pomanga malo a jakisoni.

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumathandizira kuti mayendedwe a insulin, mosasamala malo omwe jakisoni wake ndi mawonekedwe a ntchito zolimbitsa thupi. Malangizo oti asinthe tsamba la jakisoni musanafike minofu ntchito yoletsa hypoglycemia siyothandiza, popeza kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pakokha kumathandizira kwambiri.

Kuzama kwa insulin

Kusintha kwamlingo wa glycemia kumatha kukhala kwangozi kapena kosakhudzika kwa insulin intramuscularly kapena intradermally m'malo mwa subcutaneally, makamaka mukamagwiritsa ntchito singano zowonda kwambiri komanso zazifupi kwambiri, komanso mwa anthu owonda omwe ali ndi mafuta ochepa owonda. Mlingo wa mayamwidwe a insulin panthawi ya jakisoni wa mu mnofu umatha kuwirikiza kawiri, makamaka ndikamayambitsa insulin m'mapewa kapena ntchafu. Ndi kuyambitsa kwa insulin pamimba, kusiyana pakati pakubaya kwamkati ndi mu mnofu kumatha. Odwala ophunzitsidwa bwino amatha kuperekanso insulin mosakhazikika musanayambe kudya chakudya chambiri kapena ngati akudwala matenda ashuga a ketoacidosis.

Kukula kwa makulidwe amtundu wautali osavomerezeka sikukulimbikitsidwa chifukwa chakufupikitsa mphamvu ya shuga.

Ndi makonzedwe amkati (izi zimachitika ngati singano idakokedwa pakona laling'ono kwambiri pakhungu kapena kusakuzama), insulin siyingatengeke bwino, ndipo redness ndi zilonda zimapezeka pamalo opaka jekeseni.

Mlingo wa insulin

Ndi kuwonjezeka subcutaneously kutumikiridwa limodzi mlingo, kutalika kwa insulin kanthu kumawonjezera pafupifupi mwachindunji mogwirizana ndi izo. Chifukwa chake, pakukhazikitsidwa kwa magawo 6 a insulin yocheperako kwa wodwala olemera makilogalamu 60, mphamvu yotsitsa shuga idzawonekera kwa pafupifupi maola 4, ndikuyambitsa magawo 12 a insulin iyi - maola 7-8. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kudzimbidwa kwa zakudya ndi mbale zambiri (osasamala kanthu kuchuluka) kumatha pambuyo pa maola 4-6. Ngati simukudya zakudya zopezeka ndi nthawi imeneyi, ndiye kuti mutabayidwa jakisoni wamkulu wa insulin "yifupi", hypoglycemia ndiyotheka.

Poganizira zinthu zomwe zili pamwambapa zomwe zimakhudza mayamwidwe ndi zochita za insulin pambuyo pa kukhazikitsa, wodwala aliyense ayenera kudziwa bwino malamulowo ndi jekeseni wake wokhazikika kuti apewe kusinthasintha kwakukulu m'magazi a shuga.

"Malamulo oyendetsera insulin" ndi zolemba zina kuchokera pagawoli

Subcutaneous makonzedwe a insulin. Insulin imayendetsedwa mosagwirizana, mwadzidzidzi - kudzera m'mitsempha kapena intramuscularly. Subcutaneous makonzedwe a insulini siwachilengedwe, koma pakadali pano ndi njira yokhayo yovomerezeka ya insulin. Wodwalayo ayenera kudziwa zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi pambuyo pobayira. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti insulini ngati mankhwala ndiwapadera poganiza kuti kugwira kwake ntchito sikungotengera mawonekedwe a mankhwalawo, komanso pazinthu zingapo zomwe zimakhudzana ndi njira yonse yoyendetsera ake komanso zina zina.

Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza mayamwidwe ndi zochita za insulin

1. Malo oyambira. Mukabaya jekeseni wam'mimba m'mimba (kumanzere ndi kumanja kwa msomali), insulin imalowetsedwa kwambiri m'magazi, pomwe jekeseni mu ntchafu imayamba pang'onopang'ono komanso osakwanira: pafupifupi 25% poyerekeza ndi jekeseni wam'mimba. Mukabayidwa mapewa komanso matako, kuthamanga ndi kuchuluka kwa insulini kumatenga malo apakati. Chifukwa chake, posintha malo a jakisoni, kusinthika kwakukulu mu glucose-kuchepetsa mphamvu ya insulini, makamaka kwakanthawi kochepa, ndizotheka, kotero, magawo a insulin management (pamimba, ntchafu, phewa) ayenera kusinthidwa motsatana mkati mwa gawo limodzi la thupi molingana ndi mawonekedwe ena, mwachitsanzo, m'mawa nthawi zonse amapangira jakisoni m'mimba. masana - phewa, madzulo - ntchafu kapena jakisoni onse m'mimba.

Ndikofunika kuperekera insulin m'mimba pang'ono, ndikuthiranso kwakanthawi m'mapewa kapena ntchafu. Insulin ikalowetsedwa m'dera lomwelo la khungu, kusintha kwamkati wamafuta amkati kumachitika, komwe kumachepetsa ndikuchepetsa kuyamwa kwa insulin. Kugwira bwino ntchito kwa insulin kumachepa, komwe "kumapangitsa kuti anthu azikhala ndi vuto lowonjezera kuchuluka kwake. Zinthu izi zitha kupewedwa ndikusintha malo a jakisoni ndikuwona mtunda pakati pa malo omwe insulin amayang'anira osachepera 1 cm.

2. Kutentha Mlingo wa mayamwidwe a insulini umatengera kutentha kwa khungu kumalowo. Kusamba kapena sopo wowotcha, kugwiritsa ntchito poto lotenthetsera, kukhalabe pakapsa ndi dzuwa kumathandizira kufinya kwa insulin, nthawi zina 2. Kukhazikika khungu kumachepetsa kuyamwa kwa insulin ndi pafupifupi 50%. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kupereka insulin yomwe yangotsala mufiriji (kuyamwa pang'onopang'ono). Njira yothetsera insulin iyenera kukhala ndi kutentha kwa chipinda.

Z. Kutikita minofu kumawonjezera kuyamwa kwa insulin ndi 30% kapena kuposa. Chifukwa chake, kupepuka kwamankhwala jakisoni mukangopeza insulin kuyenera kuchitidwa pafupipafupi kapena ayi. Nthawi zina (mwachitsanzo, pamadyerero omwe amakhala ndi chakudya chochuluka), mutha kuthamangitsa mayankho a insulin pomanga jekeseni.

4. Zochita zolimbitsa thupi imathandizira pang'ono kuyamwa kwa insulini, mosasamala malo omwe jakisoni wake ndi mawonekedwe a ntchito zolimbitsa thupi. Malangizowo akuti "ndikofunikira kusintha jakisoni musanagwire ntchito iliyonse ya minofu yopewa matenda a hypoglycemia" siyothandiza, popeza zochitika zolimbitsa thupi zimachepetsa shuga. Komabe, wina sangazindikire kuti kuyamwa kwa insulini m'dera lomwe minofu yogwira ntchito imakulirakulira kwambiri ndipo mulingo wa insulin m'magazi udzakhala wokwera kwambiri pamene mankhwalawo adziwitsidwa ku ziwalo zolimbitsa thupi kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, ntchafu isanakwere njinga.

5. Kuzama kwa jakisoni. Kusintha kwamlingo wa glycemia kumatha kukhala kwangozi kapena kosakhudzika kwa insulin intramuscularly kapena intradermally m'malo mwa subcutaneally, makamaka mukamagwiritsa ntchito singano zowonda kwambiri komanso zazifupi kwambiri, komanso mwa anthu owonda omwe ali ndi mafuta ochepa owonda. Mlingo wa mayamwidwe a insulin panthawi ya jakisoni wa mu mnofu umatha kuwirikiza kawiri, makamaka ndikamayambitsa insulin m'mapewa kapena ntchafu. Ndi kuyambitsa kwa insulin pamimba, kusiyana pakati pamankhwala a subcutaneous ndi intramuscular sinditchulidwa. Odwala ophunzitsidwa bwino amatha kuperekanso insulin mosakhazikika musanayambe kudya chakudya chambiri kapena ngati akudwala matenda ashuga a ketoacidosis. Kukula kwa makulidwe amtundu wautali osavomerezeka sikukulimbikitsidwa chifukwa chakufupikitsa mphamvu ya shuga. Ndi jakisoni wamkati (izi zimachitika ngati singano ikudulidwa pang'ono pang'ono mpaka pakhungu kapena osaya) insulin siyingatengeke bwino, ndipo redness ndi zilonda pamalowa.

6. Mlingo wa insulin. Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa limodzi subcutaneous mlingo, kutalika kwa insulin kanthu kumawonjezera pafupifupi mwachindunji mogwirizana ndi izo. Chifukwa chake, pakukhazikitsidwa kwa magawo 6 a insulini yocheperako kwa wodwala olemera makilogalamu 60, mphamvu yotsitsa shuga idzawonetsedwa mkati mwa maola 4, ndikuyambitsa magawo 12 a insulin iyi - maola 7-8. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chimbudzi cha zakudya ndi mbale zambiri (mosasamala kuchuluka kwake) chimatha maola 4 - 6. Ngati pofika pano simumadya zakudya zopatsa mphamvu, ndiye kuti pambuyo pobayidwa jakisoni wamkulu wa insulin hypoglycemia yochepa. Poganizira zinthu zomwe zili pamwambapa zomwe zimakhudza mayamwidwe ndi zochita za insulin pambuyo pakupereka, wodwala aliyense ayenera kudziwa bwino jakisoni wake, apo ayi atha kusokonezeka kwambiri m'magazi a shuga.

SYRINGES, SYRINGE - MALANGIZO NDI ZINSINSI ZA INSULIN

Pachikhalidwe, ma syringes a insulin amagwiritsidwa ntchito jekeseni, omwe pano ndi pulasitiki. Syringe yovomerezeka yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Russia idapangira 1 ml ya insulin pamsasa wama 40. Chizindikiro pa syringe thupi chimayikidwa mu insulin magawo ngati wolamulira wokhazikika amene ali ndi manambala 5, 10, 15,20,25,30,35,40, komanso ndi gawo limodzi - magawano pakati pa manambala omwe akuwonetsedwa, ofanana ndi 1 Unit. Ma syringes akunja amatha kukhala 0,3, 0,5 ndi 2 ml. Ndipo ndi kuchuluka kwa ma Unives 100, nthawi zambiri ma 40 Mipira. Kufunika kofunikira kwambiri kotengera ziwonetserozi popereka insulin ndikukambirana pamwambapa, zomwe zimanenanso za kusintha kwamtsogolo kwa ma syringes ku Russia, kuwerengeredwa molingana ndi muyeso wapadziko lonse wamayunitsi zana. kuti mupeze jakisoni, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito ma syringe ndi singano zotentha (zosasinthika).

Ngati malamulo aukhondo akatsatiridwa, ma syringe a pulasitiki amatha kubwezeretsedwanso masiku awiri mpaka atatu: ingotsekani singano ndi kapu ndikusunga mwa njira iyi popanda njira yolera yotseketsa. Komabe, pambuyo pa jakisoni 4 mpaka 5, kayendetsedwe ka insulini kumakhala kowawa chifukwa chakuthwa kwa singano. Chifukwa chake, ndi insulin mankhwala ambiri, ma syringe omwe atayidwa amatengera dzina loti "zotheka kutulutsa". Pamaso jakisoni, mukupangiratu kupukuta chopukutira thumba cha vial ndi ubweya wa thonje wa insulin wothira 70 %. Mbale zokhala ndi insulin yochepa, komanso ndi ma insulin anthawi yayitali (glargine, detemir), osagwedezeka. , ndiye kuti, mitundu yosanja yamtunduwu, ndipo muyenera kuigwedeza bwino musanayambe kulandira insulin.

Pokolola insulin kankhira chingwe cholumikizira ku chizindikirocho chikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa ma insulin, kenako kuboola chopondera chotchinga cha valaini ya insulini ndi singano, kanikizani pulaniyo ndikulowetsa mpweya. Kenako, syringe ndi botolo watembenukira mozondoka, ndikuzigwira mdzanja limodzi kumaso, pisitoniyo imakokedwa ndikuyika chizindikiro kupitirira mlingo wa insulin. Ndikwabwino kubowola cholembera pakati pake ndi singano yolimba ya ma syringe wamba, kenako ndikuyika singano ya insulin yomwe ilowe munkhokweyi. Ngati thovu litalowa mu syringe yovulalayo, dinani pa syringe ndi zala zanu ndikusunthira piston mosamala kwa gawo la mankhwala omwe mukufuna. Kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya insulini pamilingo yosankhidwa bwino kumathandizanso kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kuposa kuphatikiza komweko kwa insulin yemweyo mulingo womwewo. Komabe, posakaniza ma insulin osiyanasiyana, kusintha kwawo kwa physicochemical ndikotheka, komwe kumakhudza zochita za insulin.

Malamulo osakaniza ma insulin osiyanasiyana mu syringe:

* yoyamba imalowetsedwa mu syringe yochepa-insulin, yachiwiri - nthawi yayitali yochita,

* insulin yocheperako komanso nthawi yayitali NPH-insulin (isofan-insulin) atasakanikirana ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo ndikusungidwa kukonzekera kwotsatira.

* insulin yochita posakhalitsa siyenera kusakanikirana ndi insulini yomwe imayimitsidwa ndi zinc, popeza kuti nthaka yayitali ingasinthe insulini yochepa kwambiri kuti ikhale insulini yochepa. Chifukwa chake, insulin yocheperako ndi zinc-insulin imayendetsedwa mosiyanasiyana monga ma jakisoni awiri m'malo a khungu olekanitsidwa ndi 1 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake,

* mukasakanikirana mwachangu (lispro, aspart) ndi insulin yotalikilapo, kuyambitsidwa kwa insulin yofulumira sikuchepetsa. Kuchepetsa ndikotheka, ngakhale sizikhala nthawi zonse, posakaniza insulin yofulumira ndi NPH-insulin. Kusakaniza kwa insulini yofulumira ndi sing'anga kapena yolimbitsa thupi kwa nthawi yayitali imaperekedwa kwa mphindi 15 musanadye,

* Kutalika kwapakati pa NPH-insulin sikuyenera kusakanikirana ndi insulin yayitali yokhala ndi kuyimitsidwa kwa zinc. Zotsatira zake, chifukwa cha kukhudzana ndi mankhwala, zimatha kukhala zazifupi posakhalitsa pambuyo pakukonzekera, * insulin analogue glargine komanso chizindikiritso chake sichingasakanikirane ndi ma insulini ena.

Njira Yofukizira Insulin:

Malo a jakisoni wa insulin ndi okwanira kupukuta ndi madzi ofunda ndi sopo, osati mowa, womwe umawuma ndi kukulitsa khungu. Ngati mowa umagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye kuti uyenera kutuluka kwathunthu kuchokera pakhungu usanalowe. Pamaso jakisoni, ndikofunikira kuphatikiza khungu lanu ndi mafuta osakanikirana ndi chala chachikulu. Singano imamatira m'mphepete mwa khola ili madigiri 45-75. Kutalika kwa singano za tinthu tating'onoting'ono tokhala ndi insulin ndi 12-13 mm, chifukwa chake, singano ikabooleka, insuliniyo idzalowetsedwa kudzera m'mitsempha, makamaka kwa wodwala wochepa thupi, perpendicularly pakhungu.

Pa Mlingo wambiri wa insulin, ndikofunikira kusintha njira ya singano panthawi ya kayendetsedwe kake, ndipo mukatulutsa, tembenuza syringe pang'ono kuzungulira mzere wake kuti insulini isayende m'mbuyo kudzera pa singano ya singano. Zilonda siziyenera kuchepetsedwa panthawi ya jakisoni, singano iyenera kuyikiridwa mwachangu.Pambuyo pakubaya insulini, ndikofunikira kudikirira masekondi 5 mpaka 10 kuti insulini yonse imilowe pakhungu, ndiye, osasungabe khola la khungu ndi mafuta osakanikirana ndi zala zanu, chotsani singano. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka pakubaya insulini wokhala ndi nthawi yayitali, komanso ma insulini osakanikirana (ophatikizidwa).

Ma cholembera lili ndi malaya (katoni, katiriji) ka insulin, thupi, makina ogwirira ntchito pisitoni, singano yovindikira kumutu kwa malaya atatuluka mu cholembera (singano imachotsedwa pambuyo pa jekeseni), kapu ya cholembera sichigwira ntchito ndi mlandu wofanana ndi cholembera. Cholembera cha syringe chimakhala ndi batani lotsekera komanso limagwirira lomwe limakupatsani mwayi kuti muyike muyezo wa insulini molondola ndi 0,5 ndi 1 Unit. Ubwino wa cholembera ndi syringe ndi kuphatikiza kwa syringe ndi chidebe cha insulin komanso njira yochepetsera nthawi yochepa kuposa syringe wamba.

Zingwe za cholembera sichikhala zazifupi, motero, jakisoni amachitika pakona 75 - 90 madigiri. Masingano ndi owonda kwambiri kotero kuti amayambitsa kupweteka pang'ono. Ma cholembera a syringe amatha kunyamulidwa m'thumba kapena m'thumba, ndi abwino kwa anthu ogwira ntchito, komanso kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lowona. Mitundu yambiri ya ma cholembera ("Humapen", "Plyapen", "Optipen", ndi zina) amapangidwa, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi malangizo ku Russia. Mwachitsanzo, lingalirani cholembera cha Novo Pen 3, chomwe chimakupatsani:

Mlingo wokwanira 1 unit,
- kangachepetse kusintha malaya chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake (300 Units),
- kumwa mokwanira,
- perekani jakisoni mwachangu komanso mwamphamvu,
- tsatirani molondola dokotala
- gwiritsani ntchito ma insulin athunthu, kuphatikiza osakaniza 5 okonzedwa kale.

Mu cholembera "Novo Pen 3" pali "zenera" lokhala ndi mawonekedwe ambiri komanso sikelo yomwe imalola wodwala kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa insulini yotsalira komanso kufanana kwa kuyimitsidwa. Dongosolo la Novo Pen 3 limagwiritsa ntchito malaya atatu a 3 ml odzazidwa ndi insulin yonse komanso zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito zosakanizira zowoneka bwino, zomwe zimakhala ndi utoto wodziwika bwino. Kusintha malaya kumatenga masekondi angapo. Cholembera "Novo pen 3 Demi" ya syringe "ili ndi zabwino zonse za cholembera" Novo pen 3 ", koma idapangidwa makamaka kwa iwo omwe amafunikira insulin yaying'ono ndikusintha bwino.

Syringe iyi ndi cholembera chokhala ndi mlingo wochepa wa insulin womwe umayendetsedwa mu 1 unit ndi kuyimba kwa masentimita 0,5. Cholembera cha syringe Novo pen 3 Pen Mayt chikulimbikitsidwa kwa iwo omwe amawopa jakisoni ngakhale ndi singano zowonda kwambiri. Mmenemo, singano yobisika mumtundu wa chipangizocho imangodzikamo yokha m'mafuta osaneneka mutatha kukanikiza batani, ndipo izi zimachitika nthawi yomweyo ndipo zimasowa wodwalayo. Zotsatira zake, kuphatikiza insulin mobwerezabwereza kumakhala kovuta kwambiri m'maganizo. M'mayiko ambiri, zolembera ndizotchuka kwambiri kwa odwala matenda ashuga ku Russia, zolembera zimalephera: ndizokwera mtengo, sizingatheke kukonza pokhapokha, kusungidwa kwa insulin yodzaza ndi malaya sikunakonzeke bwino kuposa insulini m'mbale.

Zopatsa insulin. Chothandiza kwambiri pothandizira odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amadziwika kuti ndi achire kwambiri a insulin, omwe mawonekedwe omwe amaperekedwa pansipa. Njira yosavuta yodziwira insulin yokwanira kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a insulin (“mapampu a insulin”) mosalekeza. Ku United States, odwala opitilira 200,000 omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opangira insulin m'malo mwa jakisoni ndi syringe kapena cholembera.

Mothandizidwa ndi ma insulin omwera, kupezeka kwake kwa thupi kumachitika kudzera mwa catheter woyikiratu ndi kulumikizidwa ndi chosungira ndi insulin. chomalizachi chimakhala ndi chidziwitso cha kuchuluka kwa insulini yomwe imayenera kuperekedwa. Kukula kwa dispenser ndi kocheperako - pafupi kukula kwa paketi ya ndudu. Zotsalira zimagwiritsa ntchito insulin yochepa-yochepa komanso yochepa. Ochotsera ali ndi mitundu iwiri ya insulin makonzedwe: kupitiliza kuperekabe microdoses (basal rate), komanso mulingo wokhazikitsidwa ndi wodwalayo.

Njira yoyamba imabisanso katulutsidwe koyambira kwa insulin ndipo imalowa m'malo mwa kuyambitsa insulin. Regimen yachiwiri imaperekedwa kwa odwala omwe amakhala ndi chakudya (poganizira kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta) kapena ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi ndikusintha insulin yachilendo. Wopereka sayeza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndipo sawerengera kuchuluka kwa insulini. Izi zichitike ndi wodwalayo mwiniwakeyo, komanso m'malo mwa catheter wokhazikika pang'onopang'ono masiku onse atatu kapena atatu. Omwe amaperekera masiku ano (mwachitsanzo, mtundu wa 508 R wogulitsidwa ku Russia) ali ndi pulogalamu ya alamu ndipo, ngati atachita bwino, afotokozereni wodwalayo ma siginito omveka kapena phokoso.

Ubwino wakugwiritsira ntchito insulin dispensers pa insulin therapy kudzera jakisoni angapo ali motere:

Kugwiritsa ntchito insulin yochepa pokhapokha ngati munthu atamwa kwambiri microdoses kumalepheretsa kuyika kwa insulin m'matumbo ochepera, omwe amathandizira kuyamwa kwa mankhwalawa komanso kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha hypoglycemia pamene insulin "yatulutsidwa" ku depot yopangidwa mochita kupanga,

Mapulogalamu othandizira omwe ali ndi mankhwalawa oyambira (maziko) a insulin management malinga ndi nthawi ya tsiku, izi ndizofunikira kwa odwala omwe ali ndi hypoglycemia yam'mawa,

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa Mlingo wochepa wa insulin (kutengera gawo la 0.05 - mayunitsi 0,1) ndiwothandiza kwa anthu omwe akusowa insulin kwambiri,

Kupitilizabe kwa insulin kopitilira muyeso komanso kuthekera kwa makina owonjezerapo ndikumakanikiza kuphatikiza mabatani pa dispenser kumalola wodwalayo kuti azichita zinthu momasuka, osadalira nthawi yomwe jakisoni wa insulin, zakudya zazikulu, zokhwasula-khwasula, ndiko kuti, akukweza moyo.

Kupititsa patsogolo kuwongolera kwa metabolism mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala othandizira odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1 amatsimikiziridwa ndi maphunziro ambiri. Malinga ndi Endocrinology Sayansi Center ya Russian Academy of Medical Science (2006), kugwiritsa ntchito ma dispensers, zinthu izi zimadziwika kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa insulin mu mpope wa insulin ikhoza kulipira bwino mtundu wa matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba 1 omwe amachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin yokhala ndi glycated, komanso kusintha moyo wa odwala .

Kugawa insulin mankhwala a matenda a shuga a 2 sikofala kwenikweni. Ngakhale pali zopindulitsa zingapo za kufalitsa inshuwaransi popereka chindapusa cha matenda ashuga, njirayi ili ndi zovuta zake:

Mavuto ena aukatswiri pakugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mankhwala a insulin amapereka malire kwa odwala omwe amatha kugwiritsa ntchito pawokha

Zopatsirana za insulin zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi okhawo ophunzitsidwa bwino komanso ophunzitsidwa bwino, popeza mtundu uwu wa insulin umafunikira kuwunika pafupipafupi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi - koyambirira, posankha liwiro, nthawi 6-10 patsiku,

Wodwala wogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala othandizira insulin ayenera kukhala ndi malo osungiramo (osungirako ndi catheter) pafupi, insulini, komanso insulini kapena cholembera.

Mtengo wokwera wa ma insulin omwera mpaka pano umachepetsa mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito iwo onse. Mwachitsanzo, mtengo wa pampu ya insulin ya DANA Diabetescare II S yomwe idagulitsidwa mu 2007 ndi ntchito yosinthira magalimoto a insulin ndi 3300 euro

Pobayira insulin mumagwiritsidwa ntchito:

kutsogolo pamimba (kuthamanga kwambiri, koyenera jakisoni wa insulin mwachidule ndi ultrashort zochita musanadye, zosakaniza zopangidwa ndi insulin
ntchafu wakunja, phewa lakunja, matako (kuyamwa pang'onopang'ono, koyenera jekeseni) nthawi yayitali insulini)

Madera omwe amapangira jakisoni wa insulini kwa nthawi yayitali sayenera kusintha - ngati mumakonda kubaya ntchafu, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa mayimidwe kumasinthika jekeseni m'mapewa, zomwe zimatha kusinthasintha kwa shuga m'magazi!

Kumbukirani kuti ndizosatheka kudzipangira nokha paphewa nokha (ndekha) ndi njira yolondola ya jekeseni, kotero kugwiritsa ntchito malowa ndikotheka kokha mothandizidwa ndi munthu wina!

Mlingo woyenera kwambiri wa insulin umatheka ndi kubayidwa mafuta onunkhira . Kulowetsedwa kwa intradermal ndi intramuscular kwa insulin kumabweretsa kusintha kwa mayamwidwe ake ndi kusintha kwa zotsatira za hypoglycemic.

Chifukwa chiyani tikufunika majakisoni?

Pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, kapamba amayamba kugwira ntchito molakwika. Nthawi zambiri izi zimafotokozedwa pakuchepa kwa kupanga kwa insulin ya mahomoni, komwe, kumayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa njira zam'mimba ndi metabolic. Thupi limalephera kulandira mphamvu kuchokera ku chakudya chomwe chidadyedwa ndipo limakhala ndi shuga wambiri, yemwe, m'malo motengeka ndi maselo, amadziunjikira m'magazi. Izi zikachitika, kapamba amalandila chizindikiritso chakufunika kwa kuphatikizika kwa insulin. Koma chifukwa chakugwirira ntchito bwino kwa chiwalocho, timadzi tam'mimba timatulutsidwa. Vutoli limakulirakulirabe, pomwe kuchuluka kwa insulin mkati mwake kumayandikira zero.

Kuwongolera vutoli ndikotheka pokhapokha ngati maselo amapereka ma analog a mahomoni. Mankhwala nthawi yomweyo amapitilira moyo. Wodwala matenda a shuga tsiku lililonse amachita jakisoni kangapo. Ndikofunikira kuchita nawo munthawi yake, kuti mupewe zovuta. Mankhwala a insulin amakulolani kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikusungitsa kapamba ndi ziwalo zina pamlingo woyenera.

Malamulo a jekeseni ambiri

Njira yothandizira kuperekera insulin ndi chinthu choyamba chomwe odwala amaphunzitsidwa atazindikira kuti ali ndi matenda ashuga. Njirayi ndi yosavuta, koma imafunikira maluso oyenera komanso kumvetsetsa kwa ndondomekoyi. Chofunikira ndikutsatira malamulowo, i.e., kukhudzika kwa njirayi. Kuti muchite izi, kumbukirani miyezo yotsatira yaukhondo:

Manja azisamba musanachitike,
malo a jakisoni amapukutidwa ndi nsalu yoyera kapena yoyera,
Mwa jakisoni gwiritsani ntchito syringes ndi masingano apadera.

Pakadali pano, muyenera kudziwa kuti mowa umawononga insulin. Pochiza khungu ndi mankhwala, ndikofunikira kudikirira kutuluka kwake kwathunthu, kenako ndikutsatira njirayi.

Nthawi zambiri, insulin imathandizidwa mphindi 30 asanadye. Dokotalayo, potengera mawonekedwe a mahomoni opanga omwe ali ndi vuto la wodwalayo, apereka malingaliro payekha pazotsatira za mankhwalawo. Nthawi zambiri, mitundu iwiri ya mankhwala imagwiritsidwa ntchito masana: ndikuchita pang'ono kapena nthawi yayitali. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala a insulin ndi yosiyana mwanjira ina.

Amayika kuti jekeseni?

Kubayira kulikonse kumakhala ndi malo ena omwe amalimbikitsidwa chifukwa chogwira ntchito bwino komanso motetezeka. Jakisoni wa insulin sangatchulidwe mtundu wamakonzedwe a intramuscular kapena intracutaneous. Zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ziyenera kuperekedwa kwa mafuta ochepetsa. Insulin ikalowa minofu yamatumbo, ntchito yake imakhala yosatsimikizika, ndipo zomverera panthawi ya jakisoni zimapweteka. Chifukwa chake, jekeseni sangathe kuikidwa pena paliponse: sizigwira ntchito, zomwe zimakulitsa mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo.

Njira ya insulin yoyendetsera ntchito imakhudza kugwiritsa ntchito ziwalo zotsatirazi:

kutsogolo ntchafu
m'mimba (malo pafupi ndi navel),
khola lakunja la matako,
phewa.

Komanso, pakudzibayira nokha, malo osavuta kwambiri ndi m'chiuno ndi pamimba. Magawo awiri awa ndi amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya insulin. Mabakiteriya otulutsidwa amawayika mchiuno, ndipo jekeseni wothamanga msomali kapena paphewa.

Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani izi? Akatswiri akuti m'matumbo am'mapazi am'matumbo ndi m'makola akunja, kumayamwa pang'onopang'ono. Zomwe mukufuna insulin. Ndipo, m'malo mwake, pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo pamene maselo amthupi amalandila chinthu cholowa m'mimba ndi m'mapewa.

Ndi mawebusayiti ati omwe amasankhidwa bwino?

Malangizo omveka bwino ayenera kutsatidwa posankha malo a jakisoni. Zitha kukhala malo omwe alembedwa pamwambapa. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati wodwalayo achita jekeseni payekha, ndi bwino kusankha kutsogolo kwa ntchafu kwa chinthu chomwe chimatenga nthawi yayitali, komanso m'mimba kwa ma insulin anthawi yayitali komanso yochepa. Izi ndichifukwa kuperekera mankhwala paphewa kapena matako kumakhala kovuta. Nthawi zambiri, odwala amalephera kudzipangira pawokha khungu kuti lisalowe mu mafuta. Zotsatira zake, mankhwalawo amalowetsedwa molakwika m'matumbo a minofu, omwe samasintha mkhalidwe wa odwala matenda ashuga.

Pewani madera okhala ndi lipodystrophy (madera omwe alibe mafuta onunkhira ochepa) ndikupatuka kuchokera pamalo omwe adabayidwa jekeseni pafupifupi 2 cm. Kupatula malo osavomerezeka amchitidwewo, onetsetsani kuti palibe redness, makulidwe, zipsera, mabala, Zizindikiro zowonongeka pakhungu pakompyuta yomwe idakonzedwa.

Kodi mungasinthe bwanji tsamba la jakisoni?

Ambiri odwala matenda ashuga amadalira insulin. Izi zikutanthauza kuti tsiku lililonse amayenera kupanga jakisoni angapo a mankhwalawo kuti amve bwino. Nthawi yomweyo, dera la jakisoni liyenera kusintha nthawi zonse: iyi ndi njira yoyendetsera insulin. Algorithm ya zomwe achita zimaphatikizapo zinthu zitatu:

Kuchita jakisoni pafupi ndi malo a jakisoni wapitayo, ndikubwerera kwa iyo pafupifupi 2 cm.
Gawani madera oyang'anira magawo anayi. Pakupita sabata, gwiritsani ntchito imodzi yaiwo, kenako pitani ina. Izi zimapangitsa khungu la madera ena kupumula ndikuchira. Mtunda wa masentimita angapo umasungidwanso kuchokera m'malo a jakisoni mu lobe imodzi.
Gawani malo osankhidwa ndi theka ndikusankha mwanjira iliyonse.

Njira ya subcutaneous makulidwe a insulin imakuthandizani kuti mupereke zinthu zogwira ntchito m'thupi mwachangu. Chifukwa cha izi, munthu ayenera kutsatira malo osasinthika posankha madera. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mankhwala a nthawi yayitali, wodwalayo adayamba kulowa m'chiuno, ndiye kuti payenera kupitiliza. Kupanda kutero, kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe a insulin kudzakhala kosiyana, komwe pamapeto pake kumabweretsa kusinthasintha kwamisempha ya magazi.

Kuwerengera mlingo wa mankhwalawa kwa akulu

Kusankhidwa kwa insulin ndi njira yomwe munthu amachita payekha. Kuchuluka kwa tsiku lililonse kwamankhwala omwe amakulimbikitsidwa kumakhudzidwa ndi zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kulemera kwa thupi komanso "chidziwitso" cha matendawa. Akatswiri azindikira kuti nthawi zambiri, zomwe zimafunikira tsiku lililonse kwa wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda a insulin sizidutsa gawo limodzi pa kilogalamu imodzi ya kulemera kwake. Ngati lonjezoli lakwaniritsidwa, mavuto amakula.

Njira yokhayo yowerengetsera kuchuluka kwa insulin ndi motere:

D tsiku - tsiku lililonse mankhwala
M ndi thupi la wodwala.

Monga momwe tikuwonera kuchokera pamawonekedwe, njira yowerengera kayendetsedwe ka insulini imatengera kuchuluka kwa kufunika kwa insulin komanso kulemera kwa thupi la wodwalayo. Chizindikiro choyamba chimakhazikitsidwa potengera kuwopsa kwa matendawa, zaka za wodwalayo komanso "chidziwitso" cha matenda ashuga.

Mutazindikira kuchuluka kwa tsiku ndi tsiku, kuwerengera kumapangidwa. Matenda a shuga amodzi amatha kutumikiridwa osaposa 40, ndipo patsiku limodzi - mkati mwa 70-80 mayunitsi.

Chitsanzo cha Mawerengero a Insulin

Tiyerekeze kuti thupi la odwala matenda ashuga ndi 85 kg, ndipo tsiku D ndi 0,8 U / kg. Chitani mawerengero: 85 × 0.8 = 68 PISCES. Ichi ndiye kuchuluka kwa insulini yomwe imafunikira wodwala patsiku. Kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe akhala akuchita kwa nthawi yayitali, kuchuluka kwake kumagawika pawiri: 68 ÷ 2 = 34 PIERES. Mlingo umagawidwa pakati pa jekeseni ya m'mawa ndi yamadzulo muyezo wa 2 mpaka 1. Pankhaniyi, magawo 22 ndi magawo 12 adzapatsidwa.

Pa insulin "yayifupi" imakhalabe magawo 34 (kuchokera pa 68 tsiku ndi tsiku).Amagawidwa jakisoni katatu motsatizana asanadye, kutengera kuchuluka kwa chakudya, kapena amagawidwa pang'ono, 40% m'mawa ndi 30% pa nkhomaliro ndi madzulo. Mwanjira iyi, wodwala matenda ashuga adzayambitsa 14 magawo asanadye chakudya cham'mawa ndi 10 magawo asanadye nkhomaliro komanso chakudya chamadzulo.

Mitundu ina ya insulin yothandizira ndiyotheka, yomwe insulin yokhala nthawi yayitali imakhala yayikulupo kuposa "yayifupi". Mulimonsemo, kuwerengetsa kwa milingo kuyenera kuthandizidwa poyesa shuga wamagazi ndikuwunika mosamala thanzi.

Kuwerengera kwa ana

Thupi la mwana limafunikira insulin yochulukirapo kuposa wamkulu. Izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha kukula kwambiri ndi chitukuko. M'zaka zoyambirira atazindikira matendawa pa kilogalamu imodzi ya kulemera kwa mwana, pafupifupi magawo a 0,5-0.6. Pambuyo pazaka 5, mlingo umakonda kuchuluka mpaka 1 U / kg. Ndipo uku ndiye malire: pakukula, thupi lingafune mpaka 1.5-2 UNITS / kg. Pambuyo pake, mtengo umachepetsedwa 1 unit. Komabe, kuwonongeka kwa matenda ashuga kwa nthawi yayitali, kufunikira kwa kayendetsedwe ka insulin kumawonjezeka mpaka 3 IU / kg. Mtengo umatsitsidwa pang'onopang'ono, kubweretsa ku choyambirira.

Ndi zaka, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni amtundu wa nthawi yayitali komanso yocheperako amasinthanso: mwa ana osaposa zaka 5, kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe amapezeka nthawi yayitali, mwa unyamata amachepetsa kwambiri. Mwambiri, njira yothandizira kuperekera insulin kwa ana siyosiyana ndi kupereka jakisoni kwa munthu wamkulu. Kusiyanaku kumangokhala mu Mlingo watsiku ndi tsiku komanso limodzi, komanso mtundu wa singano.

Momwe mungapangire jakisoni ndi syringe wa insulin?

Kutengera mtundu wa mankhwalawa, odwala matenda ashuga amagwiritsa ntchito syringes kapena zolembera zapadera. Pamiyala pali gawo logawanitsa, mtengo wake wa akuluakulu ukhale gawo limodzi, ndi kwa ana - 0,5 mayunitsi. Pamaso jakisoni, ndikofunikira kuchita njira zingapo, zomwe zimayikidwa ndi njira ya insulin. Ma algorithm ogwiritsira ntchito insulin ya insulin ndi motere:

Pukutani manja anu ndi antiseptic, konzani syringe ndikutenga mpweya kupita nawo kumalo owerengera.
Ikani singano mu vial ya insulin ndikutulutsa mpweya. Kenako jambulani zopitilira muyeso mu syringe.
Dinani pa syringe kuti muchotse thovu. Tulutsani insulin yambiri pamtunda.
Tsamba la jekeseni liyenera kuvumbulutsidwa, kupukutidwa ndi nsalu yonyowa kapena antiseptic. Pangani mafuta okwanira (osafunikira singano zazifupi). Ikani singano pansi penipeni pa khungu pakhungu la 45 ° kapena 90 ° mpaka pakhungu. Popanda kumasula ma crease, konzekerani piston njira yonse.
Pambuyo masekondi 10-15, masulani khola, chotsani singano.

Ngati kuli kofunikira kusakaniza NPH-insulin, mankhwalawa amatengedwa molingana ndi mfundo zomwezo kuchokera m'mabotolo osiyanasiyana, poyamba ndikulola mpweya kulowa uliwonse wa iwo. Njira yothandizira kuperekera insulin kwa ana imapereka lingaliro lofanana la zochita.

Sungani jakisoni

Mankhwala amakono othandizira shuga wamagazi nthawi zambiri amapangidwa m'matumba apadera a syringe. Ndiotaya kapena kusinthanso ndi singano zosinthika ndipo zimasiyana mu gawo limodzi. Njira ya subcutaneous makonzedwe a insulin, ma algorithm a zochita akuphatikizira izi:

sakanizani ndi insulini ngati pangafunike (kupindika m'manja mwanu kapena kutsitsa dzanja lanu ndi syringe kuchokera kutalika kwamapewa),
kumasulidwa 1-2 UNITS mlengalenga kuti muwone ngati singano ili bwanji,
kutembenuza wotsegulira kumapeto kwa syringe, ikani mlingo wofunikira,
kupanga khola ndikupanga jekeseni wofanana ndi njira yobweretsera syringe ya insulin,
pambuyo mankhwala a mankhwala, dikirani masekondi 10 ndikuchotsa singano,
mutseke ndi chipewa, vuleni ndikutaya (singano zotaya),
tsekani cholembera.

Zochita zofananazo zimachitidwa kuti mupeze ana.

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda oopsa omwe amafunika kuwunika kwambiri shuga wamagazi ndi kayendetsedwe kake ndi jakisoni wokhala ndi insulin. Njira ya jakisoni ndi yosavuta komanso yopezeka kwa aliyense: chinthu chachikulu ndikukumbukira tsamba la jakisoni. Lamulo lofunikira ndikulowa m'mafuta onenepa, ndikupanga khola pakhungu. Ikani singano mu iyo pamlingo wa 45 ° kapena perpendicular kumtunda ndikusindikiza piston. Ndondomekoyo ndi yosavuta komanso yofulumira kuposa kuwerenga malangizo ake kuti akwaniritse.

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda oopsa, osachiritsika omwe amachitika chifukwa cha kusokonekera kwa metabolic m'thupi. Ikhoza kugunda aliyense, ngakhale atakhala zaka komanso amuna komanso akazi. Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndi kukanika kwa pancreatic, komwe sikutulutsa kapena sikupanga insulin yokwanira.

Popanda insulini, shuga m'magazi sangathe kuthyoledwa ndikuyamwa bwino. Chifukwa chake, kuphwanya kwakukulu kumachitika pakugwira ntchito pafupifupi kachitidwe konse ndi ziwalo. Pamodzi ndi izi, chitetezo chaumunthu chimachepa, popanda mankhwala apadera sangakhalepo.

Synthetic insulin ndi mankhwala omwe amaperekedwa mosagwirizana ndi wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga kuti apange kufooka kwa chilengedwe.

Kuti mankhwala azachipatala azigwira bwino, pali malamulo apadera a kayendetsedwe ka insulin. Kuphwanya kwawo kungayambitse kuwonongeka konse kwa kuthamanga kwa shuga m'magazi, hypoglycemia, ngakhale kufa.

Matenda a shuga - zizindikiro ndi mankhwala

Njira zilizonse zakuchipatala ndi njira za matenda ashuga zimangokhala ndi cholinga chimodzi chokha - kukhazikika m'magazi a shuga. Nthawi zambiri, ngati sichigwa pansi pa 3.5 mmol / L ndipo sichikwera pamwamba pa 6.0 mmol / L.

Nthawi zina chifukwa cha izi, kumangotsatira kadyedwe ndi kadyedwe kokwanira. Koma nthawi zambiri simungathe kuchita popanda jakisoni wopanga insulin. Kutengera izi, mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya shuga imadziwika:

Wodalira insulini, pamene insulin imayang'aniridwa mosagwirizana kapena pakamwa,
Osadalira insulini, chakudya chokwanira chikakwanira, chifukwa insulin ikupitilizidwa kupanga ndi kapamba ndizochepa. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa insulin kumafunika pokhapokha povuta kwambiri, mwadzidzidzi kuti musavutike ndi hypoglycemia.

Mosasamala mtundu wa matenda ashuga, zizindikiro zazikulu ndi kuwonetsa matendawa ndizofanana. Izi ndi:

Khungu louma komanso zimagwira mucous, ludzu losalekeza.
Kukodza pafupipafupi.
Kumva njala mosalekeza.
Kufooka, kutopa.
Kuphatikizana, matenda a pakhungu, nthawi zambiri mitsempha ya varicose.

Ndi (kudalira insulini), kapangidwe ka insulin ndi choletseka kwathunthu, komwe kumapangitsa kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito a anthu ndi machitidwe. Pankhaniyi, jakisoni wa insulin ndiofunikira pamoyo wonse.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga a mellitus, insulin imapangidwa, koma mosasamala, zomwe sizokwanira kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito moyenera. Maselo aminga samazindikira izi.

Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kupereka zakudya zomwe zimapangidwira ndikupanga insulini, nthawi zina, kuyendetsa insulin kungakhale kofunikira.

Ma insulin a Inulinion

Kukonzekera kwa insulin kuyenera kusungidwa mufiriji pamtunda wa madigiri 2 mpaka 8 pamwamba pa ziro. Nthawi zambiri, mankhwalawa amapezeka mu ma syringes-zolembera - ndi osavuta kunyamula ngati mukufuna majekeseni angapo a insulin masana. Ma syringe amenewa amasungidwa osaposera mwezi umodzi pa kutentha osaposa 23 digiri.

Afunika kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu. Mphamvu za mankhwalawa zimatayika mukamayatsidwa kutentha ndi kutentha kwa radiyo. Chifukwa chake, syringe amafunika kusungidwa kutali ndi zida zamagetsi ndi dzuwa.

Ndikofunikira kulabadira mtengo wogawa wa syringe. Kwa wodwala wamkulu, ichi ndi gawo limodzi, la ana - 0,5 unit. Singano ya ana imasankhidwa yopyapyala komanso yochepa - osaposa 8 mm. Phula la singano yotere ndi mamilimita 0.25 okha, mosiyana ndi singano wamba, mulifupi mwake ndi 0,4 mm.

Malamulo a Kutolere insulin mu syringe

Sambani manja kapena samatenthetsa.
Ngati mukufuna kulowa mankhwala othandizika kwa nthawi yayitali, zokwanira nawo zizikulungika pakati pa manja mpaka madziwo atakhala mitambo.
Kenako mpweya umakokedwa kulowa mu syringe.
Tsopano muyenera kuyambitsa mpweya kuchokera ku syringe kulowa.
Lowetsani insulini mu syringe. Chotsani mpweya wambiri pomenya syringe thupi.

Kuphatikiza kwa insulini wokhala ndi nthawi yayitali pogwiritsa ntchito insulin yochepa kumapangidwanso molingana ndi algorithm inayake.

Choyamba, mpweya uyenera kukokedwa mu syringe ndikuyiyika mu mbale zonse ziwiri. Kenako, choyamba, insulini yocheperako imatengedwa, ndiko kuti, yowonekera, kenako ndi insulin - yamitambo.

Kodi ndi dera liti komanso momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito insulin

Insulin imalowetsedwa pang'ono m'matumbo amafuta, apo ayi sizigwira ntchito. Ndi magawo ati omwe ali oyenera izi?

Mapewa
Belly
Ntchafu yakutsogolo,
Makulidwe akunja akunja.

Sitikulimbikitsidwa kupaka jekeseni wa insulin mapewa palokha: pali chiopsezo chakuti wodwalayo sangathe kudzipanga yekha pakulunga mafuta ndikusokoneza mankhwalawo intramuscularly.

Timadzi timadzi timatulutsa timadzi tambiri ngati timayamwa. Chifukwa chake, pamene Mlingo wa insulin yayifupi umagwiritsidwa ntchito, jekeseni ndikofunikira kusankha dera lam'mimba.

Chofunikira: malo a jakisoni amayenera kusinthidwa tsiku lililonse. Kupanda kutero, mtundu wa mayamwidwe a insulini umasintha, ndipo kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumayamba kusintha kwambiri, mosasamala kanthu ndi mlingo womwe waperekedwa.

Onetsetsani kuti mu gawo la jakisoni silikukula. Kuyambitsa insulin m'misempha yosinthika sikulimbikitsidwa kwenikweni. Komanso, izi sizingachitike m'malo omwe muli mabala, zipsera, zisindikizo za pakhungu ndi zilonda.

Syringe Insulin Technique

Pobweretsa insulin, syringe yachilendo, cholembera kapena pampu yokhala ndi dispenser imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuti mumvetse bwino njira ndi ma algorithm onse odwala matenda ashuga ndi njira ziwiri zokha zoyambirira. Nthawi yolowera mlingo wa mankhwalawa imatengera momwe jakisoniyo amapangira moyenera.

Choyamba, muyenera kukonzekera syringe ndi insulin, kuchita dilution, ngati pakufunika, malinga ndi algorithm tafotokozazi.
Syringe ikatha kukonzekera, khola limapangidwa ndi zala ziwiri, chala chachikulu ndi cholocha. Apanso, chidwi chiyenera kulipidwa: insulini iyenera kubayidwa m'mafuta, osalowa pakhungu osati minofu.
Ngati singano yokhala ndi mulifupi wa 0.25 mm yasankhidwa kuti ipereke insulini, sikofunikira kuti ndikulupidwa.
Syringe imayikidwa perpendicular ku crease.
Popanda kumasula makatani, muyenera kukankha njira yonse mpaka kumunsi kwa syringe ndikupereka mankhwalawo.
Tsopano muyenera kuwerengera teni ndipo pokhapokha mutachotsa syringe mosamala.
Pambuyo pamanyumba onse, mutha kumasula ma crease.

Malamulo a kubayira insulin ndi cholembera

Ngati kuli kofunikira kuperekera mlingo wa insulin yayitali, iyenera kuyamba kulimbikitsidwa mwamphamvu.
Kenako magawo awiri a yankho amayenera kumasulidwa mlengalenga.
Pa mphete ya kuyimba, muyenera kukhazikitsa mlingo woyenera.
Tsopano khola latha, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa.
Pang'onopang'ono komanso molondola, mankhwalawa amapakidwa ndikakanikiza syringe pa piston.
Pakatha masekondi 10, syringe imatha kuchotsedwa mu khola, ndipo khola limamasulidwa.