Matenda opatsa shuga

Kwa zaka zambiri osalimbana ndi ma DIABETES?

Mutu wa Bungwe: “Mudzadabwitsidwa kuti kumakhala kovuta motani kuchiritsa matenda a shuga tsiku lililonse.

Kodi shuga yachiwiri ndi chiyani? Amadziwikanso kuti ndi chizindikiro cha matenda ashuga, mitundu yachiwiri ya matendawa ndi gulu lonse la matenda omwe amapanga motsutsana ndi maziko a matenda ena oopsa. Ndiye kuti, pankhani iyi, matenda a shuga ndi chizindikiro chabe.

• Matenda a shuga achiwiri: zambiri
• Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga a Sekondale
• Zizindikiro ndi matenda
• Chithandizo cha Matenda Aakulu a shuga
• Kukhoza kwamavuto

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga a Sekondale

Pali magulu atatu a zifukwa zoyambitsidwa ndi mfundo yakukula kwa mkhalidwewu:

1. Zovuta zam'mimba za kapamba.
2. Matenda a endocrine dongosolo.
3. Zotsatira za poizoni.

Zovuta za kapamba zimaphatikizapo:

• Kuphwanya kwachilengedwe m'thupi.
• Glucagonoma.
• Pancreatectomy
• Somatostinoma.
• Zowonongeka kwa kapamba chifukwa cha kuwawa.
• Matenda apakhungu / pachimake.

Matenda a endocrine dongosolo ndi monga:

• Matenda a Wilson-Konovalov.
• Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome.
• Acromegaly.
• Pheochromocytoma.
• Hemochromatosis.
• Matenda a Cohn.

Zovuta za kapamba wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi zinthu zoopsa zimatha kuyambitsa kapamba, chifukwa cha zomwe pancreatogenic shuga mellitus imapangidwa. Pankhaniyi, kupanga insulini kumayipa, minyewa ya insulin imachepa, maselo a beta akuvutika. Zotsatira zake - hyperglycemia. Mankhwalawa amaphatikizapo magulu monga antidepressants, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, mankhwala a chemotherapy, okodzetsa.

Zizindikiro ndi matenda

Matenda a sekondale amawonekera ngati mtundu waukulu wa matendawa. Ndiye kuti, Zizindikiro zikuwoneka kuti zikukula patapita nthawi, mwachitsanzo, komanso kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Choyamba, ludzu losagonjetseka limawonekera, lomwe, ngakhale munthu amamwa zochuluka motani, silidutsa. Nthawi yomweyo, polyuria imakulanso - munthu amamwa kwambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amathamangira kuchimbudzi nthawi zambiri.

Kuchepa mphamvu ndi kusowa kwa mphamvu zimatsogolera ku mfundo yoti munthu amatopa msanga ndipo amafuna kugona nthawi zonse. Komanso, kusowa mphamvu kumakhudza chilakolako cha thupi. Kuti apange izo, thupi limafunikira chakudya chochuluka. Komabe, wodwalayo sakungonenepa, koma m'malo mwake amachepetsa thupi.

Njira zakuzindikira ndizofanana ndi mitundu yayikulu ya matenda ashuga. Mbali yodziwika bwino ya matenda ashuga opatsirana ndikuti chizindikiritso pakuwunika magazi chopanda pake ndichabwinobwino, koma katundu wa wodwala akangodwala, amadzuka kwambiri.

Chithandizo cha Matenda Aakulu a shuga

Popeza sekondale yachiwiri ya shuga ndi chizindikiro, ndikuwonetsa matenda ena owopsa, lingaliro la mankhwalawo limakhala ndi njira zenizeni zothetsera matenda oyambitsawa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati izi zidachitika chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa kapamba wa zinthu zakupha, zakumwa zawo ziyenera kuyimitsidwa mwachangu.

Mosakayikira, odwala onse ayenera kutsatira zakudya. Wopezeka ku endocrinologist amalemba mndandanda kwa wodwalayo, kapena munthuyo amadzilemba yekha, poganizira zonse zomwe dokotala akufuna, ndipo amangolowetsa zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi chidziwitso chotsika cha glycemic.

Njira yotsatira ndi njira yoyenera ya moyo. Izi sizongokhala ndi zakudya zokha, komanso kukana zizolowezi zoyipa, zokhazikika, koma zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi. Sikoyenera kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndikulemba ganyu wothandizira, makamaka popeza si aliyense amene ali ndi mwayi. Tsiku ndi tsiku amayenda mu mpweya watsopano, okwera njinga paki kapena kuthengo, kusambira, kudumpha zingwe ndi zina zotero.

Ngati nthendayi yoyambira ikhoza kuchiritsidwa, komanso matenda a shuga sanachiritsike, makamaka, sizotheka kutulutsa shuga m'magazi, izi zikutanthauza kuti mankhwalawa akudya komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi sizokwanira. Pankhaniyi, kukhazikika kwa shuga kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga, pomwe mankhwalawa amasankhidwa payekhapayekha kwa wodwala aliyense, kutengera kuuma kwa matendawa.

Ngati njira zonse zakumwambazi sizipereka zotsatira zoyenera, zomwe zimayimira matenda oopsa, madokotala amapangira jakisoni wa insulin. Mlingo wake umasankhidwanso payekhapayekha.

Kukhoza kwamavuto

Kukula kwa zovuta sikumayikidwa pambali, chifukwa matenda a shuga nawonso ndi njira zovuta, ndipo palinso matenda oopsa.

Chifukwa chake, chithandizo chiyenera kuyambitsidwa mwachangu momwe mungapewere zovuta zonse.

Gawo la matenda ashuga: decompensated, subcompedated and fidia

Matenda a shuga omwe sanapatsidwe - ndi chiyani? Awa ndi mkhalidwe pomwe kuchuluka kwa magazi kwa nthawi yayitali kupitirira kuchuluka kovomerezeka, chifukwa chotsatira cha matenda a shuga.

Matenda a shuga amadziwika ndi kuphwanya kagayidwe kazakudya pazifukwa:

• kuperewera kwa insulin
• glucose chitetezo chama cell maselo.

Malinga ndi zizindikiro izi zamankhwala, matenda ashuga amasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu. Munthawi zonsezi, chithandizo chapadera chimasankhidwa:

• kapena zakudya makonzedwe a insulin
• kapena zakudya ndi mankhwala omwe amachepetsa shuga la magazi.

Kuchita bwino kwa chithandizo (kapena kusakhalapo kwake) kumaweruzidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mpumulo wa zizindikiro za endocrine kusokonezeka ndipo mitundu yotsatirayi ya shuga imasiyanitsidwa: kulipidwa, kugonjera komanso kuwonongedwa.

Kutsimikiza gawo

Gawo lamalipiro limatengera magawo azachipatala komanso momwe odwala matenda ashuga aliri. Gawo lolipiliridwalo limatanthawuza kuti mayeso onse ndi moyo wabwino zili pafupi kwambiri. Mellitus wothandizidwa ndi shuga ndizowonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, nthawi iliyonse yomwe imatsogolera ku boma la matenda a shuga mellitus. Njira zowabwezera zomwe zilipo zomwe zimatsimikizira ngati shuga yalipiridwa. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• glycated hemoglobin,
• kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga pakudya,
• shuga mkodzo
• chizindikiro cha cholesterol
• mulingo wa lipid
• index index.

Chowonetsa kwambiri pakutsimikiza kwa glycemia ndi glycated hemoglobin, chomwe chikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa miyezi itatu yapitayo. Ngati kuchuluka kwake kuli pamwamba pa 7.5, ndiye izi zikuwonetsa matenda osokoneza bongo.

Kuyesedwa kwa shuga m'mawa ndi chakudya mukatha kuzindikira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'thupi, kumakupatsani mwayi wosintha msanga mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala komanso zakudya. Malire pamwambapa omwe wodwala matenda ashuga sayenera kukwera asanadye: 7 mmol / L, maola awiri atatha: 10 mmol / L.

Zizindikiro zina ndi zothandiza, ndi thandizo lawo zimafotokozedwa momwe chithandizo chikuchitikira, ndipo chomaliza chimakhala chokhudza kulephera kulipidwa.

Zifukwa zakuphwanya kuchuluka kwa matenda a shuga

Zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza kupezeka kwa matenda osokoneza bongo a mellitus ndi

• kudya kolakwika
• chithandizo chothandiza
• kupsinjika
• kuchepa kwamadzi pa kutentha kwambiri.

Zakudya ndizogwirizana kwambiri ndi chithandizo. Pakakhala chithandizo choyenera chamankhwala, kudzichiritsa nokha kapena zolakwa popereka mankhwala, motero, kusintha kolakwika kwa zakudya kumachitika.

Masipiritsi okhudzana ndi Psycho amakhudza njira za metabolic, chifukwa chake, amatha kuyambitsa chidwi kwambiri cha kuchuluka kwa shuga.

Izi zimathandizanso kuchotsedwa kwa chinyezi kuchokera mthupi ndi thukuta chifukwa cha kutentha kwapamwamba.

Pochiza matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, chakudya ndichinthu chofunikira, motero, kuyang'aniridwa ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri poletsa kusintha kwa gawo lomwe lawonjezeredwa kukhala gawo lokakamizidwa. Mitundu yachiwiri ya matenda ashuga omwe amaperekedwa kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga ndi vuto limodzi losagwirizana ndi zakudya, zomwe nthawi iliyonse imasanduka gawo lowonongeka.

Glycemia wa nthawi yayitali umabweretsa zovuta zomwe zimayambitsa kulumala kapena kufa.

Mavuto a shuga ophatikizika

Kwa matenda a shuga a shuga, omwe ali mu gawo la kuwonongeka, zovuta zingapo zovuta komanso zowopsa zimawonekera. Kagayidwe kosagwira ntchito kwenikweni kamakhudza ziwalo zamasomphenya:

Matendawa amachititsa khungu la odwala.

Cholinga chotsatira ndi khungu: dermatitis imakwiya ndipo magazi amayenda m'miyendo amawoneka, zomwe zimayambitsa necrosis ndikudula.

Impso, mtima, mitsempha mathero akuvutika ndi minyewa yambiri.

Gawo lomaliza la kuwonongeka ndi chikomokere cha matenda ashuga chifukwa cha hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia.

Hypoglycemia ndi kuchepa msanga kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga. Amatulukira muyezo waukulu wa insulin kapena kuchokera pakatikati pakudya. Ndizofanana kwa odwala matenda ashuga amtundu 1. Kumva kwamphamvu njala, ludzu, kuzizira - awa ndi zizindikiro zoyambirira za hypoglycemia yoyambira. Ndikokwanira kumwa tiyi wokoma, idyani zilizonse zomwe zimakhala ndi shuga wambiri kuti mupewe izi.

Hyperglycemia ndiwowonjezera kuwonekera kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi chifukwa chazakudya zakudya. Ambiri a 2 odwala matenda ashuga. Mawonetseredwe oyamba ali ndi ludzu lalikulu, kupweteka mutu, kuyabwa khungu, kusokonekera pafupipafupi. Pofuna kuletsa njirayi, mumagwiritsa ntchito zakudya zomwe zimaletsa kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya.

Harbinger wa chikomokere ndimkhalidwe wowopsa momwe mulingo wa shuga umatsikira ku 2.2 mmol / L kapena kukwera pamwamba pa 16 mmol / L. Kuphatikiza apo, pakati pa zinthu zina, nseru, kusanza kumawonekera, ntchito zamtima zimafooketsa, kukakamiza kugwa.

Pochizira mafupa, owerenga athu adagwiritsa ntchito DiabeNot bwino. Kuwona kutchuka kwa malonda, tidaganiza zoperekera chidwi chanu.

Matendawa amakula kuyambira maola angapo mpaka masiku atatu. Ngati njira zoyenera sizimatenge pakadali pano:

• khazikitsani Mlingo wowonjezera wa insulin (wa mtundu 1),
• wambiri kudya zakudya zamafuta (a mtundu 2),
• kuchuluka kudya kwamchere.

ndiye kuti wodwalayo alipira. Zizindikiro zomwe zalembedwa pamwambapa ziziwonjezeka. Kuphatikiza pa iwo, polyurea (kutulutsa kwamkodzo kwamkodzo) komanso kununkhira kwa acetone kuchokera pamkamwa wamkamwa kumawonekera. Kuchepa kwa thupi kumayambitsa kuledzera kwa thupi lonse. Ntchito ya ubongo imasokonekera: munthu amatha kuyenda mumlengalenga. Kufooka kwathunthu kumapangitsa kuti musamagwire khungu. Zotsatira zake zitha kupha.

Panthawi ya chikomokere, chithandizo chamankhwala chofunikira ndichofunikira. Zotsatira zoyipa makamaka za kuwonongeka kwa matenda a shuga a 2, chifukwa zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa shuga. Pankhani imeneyi, ndikofunikira kutsatira njira zopewera kupewa kuti boma lisawononge matenda a shuga.

Kubwezera

Kuyang'anira shuga ndi magazi tsiku lililonse ndizomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse shuga.

Glucometer ndi zida zoyesera shuga. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kumalola wodwala kuchita zowunikira komanso kusintha kwakanthawi zakudya.

Kuwunikira ndi endocrinologist kumakhazikikiranso, chifukwa ndi dokotala yekha yemwe angadziwe kuchuluka kwa insulini ndikupereka zakudya zofunika.

Chofunikira chachitatu ndikuyenera kutsatira chithandizo chamankhwala, ndikujambulitsa zowongolera pazenera.

Kukwaniritsidwa kwa zofunikirazi ndikofunikira kuti thanzi la wodwala likhalepo pamlingo winawake.

Zaumoyo ndi kuphatikiza kwa thanzi la munthu, thupi komanso malingaliro (monga kufotokozedwera ndi WHO). Kutengera ndalamayi, titha kupeza lingaliro la magawo azaumoyo waanthu. Pali magawo atatu a thupi.

• popanda malire
• ndi zoletsa zazing'ono
• okhala ndi malire.

Potengera zaumoyo, odwala matenda ashuga amatha kukhala m'gulu lachiwiri, bola ngati matendawa atha kuwonongeka, ndipo lachitatu - ndi gawo lotsogola la matendawa.

Kodi shuga wambiri, zomwe zimayambitsa kuchitika

Matenda opatsirana a shuga ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe lingayambitse matenda owopsa. Kuti mupeze vuto lozindikira ndikusankha chithandizocho, ndikofunikira kuti mudziwe zambiri.

Pali njira zingapo zomwe zimathandiza kudziwa kuchuluka kwa chiphuphu. Malinga ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku, akatswiri amapereka mankhwala ndikupereka malingaliro pakuwongolera moyo.

Kodi kubwezera ndi chiyani?

Ngati kuchuluka kwa glucose m'thupi kuli pafupi ndi kwabwinobwino momwe tingathere, titha kulankhula za kubwezeretsa kwa matenda. Izi zitha kuchitika mwa kuwona zakudya zapadera. Muyeneranso kutsatira boma lapadera masana.

Zakudya ziyenera kusankhidwa malinga ndi zomwe wodwala akuchita. Ngati izi sizikumbukiridwa, pali ngozi ya kuchepa kapena kuchuluka kwa insulini. Kuchokera pamenyu muyenera kuchotsetsa zakudya zamafuta zomwe zimatengedwa mwachangu kwambiri. Zomwezo zimagwiranso ntchito pazopangira shuga.

Nthawi zina izi sizipereka zotsatira zomwe mukufuna. Panthawi imeneyi, pofuna kutsimikizira kuchuluka kwa shuga, munthu amalimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito insulin.

Dokotala wanu angakupatseni mankhwala omwe amakhudza shuga. Chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo, ndizotheka kuchepetsa zomwe zili pazinthu izi.

Chinsinsi cha matenda opatsirana a shuga

Anthu ambiri ali ndi chidwi ndi zomwe kugawa shuga. Liwuli limamveredwa ngati boma lapakati, lomwe limadziwika ndi chitukuko cha matenda amtundu wapakati pakati pa gawo lolipiridwa ndi gawo lowonongeka. Njira zamtunduwu zikamachitika, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumadutsa. Zitha kupangitsa kuti matenda ashuga asokonezeke.

Ndi chitukuko cha matenda ashuga, munthu sayenera kuchita mantha ndi vuto la chikomokere. Munthu sakhala wathanzi labwino, komabe, amakhazikika ndipo samaphwanyidwa ngati malangizo azachipatala amatsatiridwa.

Zifukwa Zolipira

Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga osawerengeka. Izi zikuphatikiza ndi izi:

• Mavuto akudya
• Mankhwala osathandiza
• Zinthu zovuta
• Kutayika kwamadzimadzi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kutentha.

Ndizoyenera kuganizira kuti zochitika zodetsa nkhawa zimakhudza njira za metabolic, zomwe zingayambitse kuchuluka kwa shuga. Kutayika kwa madzimadzi chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kumakhalanso ndi zotsatira zofananira.

Chifukwa chake, maziko othandizira odwala matenda amtundu wa 2 ndiwo zakudya. Izi zimathandizira kupewa kukula kwa vuto lowopsa - gawo lowonongeka. Glycemia wotalikirapo ungayambitse zovuta zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa kulumala ndi kufa.

Njira Zodziwitsira

Kuti mudziwe gawo la matenda ashuga, muyenera kuwunika zingapo za matenda ake komanso momwe wodwalayo alili. Mu gawo la chipukuta misozi, zotsatira zoyeserera ndi thanzi la wodwalayo zili pafupi kwambiri.

Kuti mudziwe kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa matenda, zimawerengedwa monga izi:

Phunziro lothandiza kwambiri ndikuwunika kwa glycated hemoglobin. Ndi chithandizo chake, ndizotheka kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'miyezi 3 yapitayi.Mwa anthu athanzi, izi ndi 4.5-7,5% ya hemoglobin yonse.

Mukamalipira matenda a shuga, glycated hemoglobin ndi 6-9%. Ngati gawo ili liposa 9%, izi zikuwonetsa gawo la kuwonongeka kwa matenda ashuga. Zikaoneka, sizingatheke kukhala ndi shuga wabwinobwino mwa njira iliyonse. Kuphwanya kumeneku ndi chifukwa cha zolakwa mu zakudya, makonzedwe osokoneza bongo a mankhwala.

Chizindikiro china chofunikira choyesa kuchuluka kwa chipukuta ndi fructosamine. Izi zimapangidwa ndi kumanga kwa glucose ndi mapuloteni a plasma.

Ngati kuchuluka kwa fructosamine kumawonjezeka, izi zikuwonetsa kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'masabata awiri apitawa. Chifukwa cha kuzindikiridwa kumeneku, ndizotheka kuti nthawi zonse wodwalayo azilamulira.

Munthawi yabwinobwino, chizindikirochi sichikupitilira 285 μmol / L.

Ndi kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin wa glycated ndi fructosamine amene amatilola kuwunika kuopsa kwa zotupa zosiyanasiyana za mtima ndi mtima. Pa gawo la chiphuphu cha matenda ashuga, zoopseza zonse ndizocheperako, pochulukitsa zili pamlingo wambiri, pakubweza kuwopsa kwawo kuli kambiri.

Kupewa kwa Mavuto

Pofuna kupewa kusinthika kwa shuga wambiri kuti awonongeke, ndikofunikira kuti adziyang'anira pawokha komanso kuti adziwe mayeso mwatsatanetsatane. Mitundu 2 yothandizidwa ndi matenda a shuga a 2 amafunika kudya.

Kuzindikira pafupipafupi ndikofunikira kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la glucose. Kulemba mwatsatanetsatane ndikofunikanso kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lobadwa nawo. Zoterezi zimachitikanso kwa azimayi omwe abereka mwana wakufa kapena mwana wokhala ndi thupi lolemera.

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amayenera kupenda impso mwadongosolo, kuwunika momwe zotengera zilili komanso kugwira ntchito yake pachifuwa. Kufunsidwa pafupipafupi ndi cardiologist, dermatologist, ndi mano ndikufunikanso. Izi zikuthandizani kupewa zovuta.

Kulipira matenda a shuga ndi chinthu chapakati pomwe thanzi la munthu limakhalabe lokwanira.

Kodi shuga ndi chiyani?

Ndi matenda amtundu uliwonse, ndichikhalidwe kusiyanitsa mitundu itatu yamatendawa:

• Gawo la malipiro
• Fomu yolipidwa
• Gawo lowongoleredwa.

Matenda a shuga opatsirana ndi njira yokhayo yomwe mashuga amwazi amayandikira kwambiri ndipo, motero, palibe chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda ashuga. Izi zitha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe atchulidwa, kutsatira zakudya komanso kutsatira njira zina.

Gawo lophatikizika la matenda ashuga limachitika chifukwa chosakwanira kuchiritsa kapena kusakhalapo kwathunthu. Pa nthawi iyi ya matendawa, mwayi wokhala ndi ketacidosis, hyperglycemic coma.

Zinthu zokhala ndi shuga m'magazi m'magawo ambiri zimapangitsa kuti minyewa iwonongeke, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti minyewa ikhale yoperewera, ntchito, komanso mtima utha kuvutika. Kubwezera kumakhala kovuta kusintha chitukuko, odwala ali ndi thanzi lofooka, kudalirika kwa matenda ndiosavomerezeka.

Matenda a shuga ophatikizika ndi gawo lamalire pakati pamalipiro ndi kuwonongeka kwa matenda. Zizindikiro za matendawa kumapita patsogolo, chiopsezo cha zovuta zapachuma chikuwonjezeka.

Pokhala nthawi yayitali osalowa mu fomu yolipiridwa, mwayi wokhala ndi matenda ashuga ochulukirapo umakula. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amayamwa amafunika kuwunika chithandizo chamankhwala ndi zakudya.

Kubwezeretsa shuga kumakhala kosavuta kukwaniritsa ndi mtundu wachiwiri womwe sukudalira insulin. Matenda a Type 1 amabweretsa kuwonongeka kosasintha kwa maselo omwe amapanga insulin, motero chithandizo cha mtundu uwu wa matenda a shuga ndizovuta kwambiri.

Ndi odwala shuga ochulukirapo, oposa theka la odwala amakhala. Pofuna kupewa kutembenuka kwa matendawa mgawo lokonzedwa, ndikofunikira kuti mupimidwe pafupipafupi ndipo potengera kusanthula, sinthani mankhwalawo.

Njira zoyambitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa matenda ashuga

Mukafuna kudziwa momwe gawo la ziphuphu zokhudzana ndi matenda a shuga limayendera, kuyesedwa kwa labotale komanso kuchuluka kwa zinthu zaku thupi kumawerengedwa.

Mayeso a Laborator ndi awa:

• Kuthamanga shuga. Mwa anthu athanzi labwino, chizindikirochi chimayenera kukhala pamtunda kuchokera 3,3 mpaka 5.5 mmol / g. Ngati odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga akuwonetsa zofunika pang'ono, ndiye kuti izi zikuwonetsa kulipira kwakumwa kwa matenda,
• Kupenda kulekerera kwa glucose. Chitani maola awiri mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya shuga ndi wodwalayo. Zomwezo ndi 7.7 mmol / l. Kuphatikiza pa kulipirira matenda ashuga, kuwunika kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa tsogolo la matenda ashuga,
• Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Amawonetsa kuchuluka pakati pa mamolekyulu a hemoglobin omwe agwirizana ndi mamolekyulu a glucose ndi hemoglobin yonse. Kukula kwake kumachokera 3 mpaka 6%, HbA1c imatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa shuga pafupi miyezi 3 kusanthula kusanachitike.
• Shuga mkodzo. Nthawi zambiri, m'magazi mulibe shuga. Mulingo wovomerezeka ndi 8.9 mmol / L, pomwe ntchito ya impso kusefa imasungidwa.
• Cholesterol. "Choipa" cholesterol chatsimikizika, mtengo wake suyenera kupitirira 4 mmol / l. Zizindikiro zowonjezera zikuwonetsa chiyambi cha kusintha kwa ma pathological m'matumbo,
• Triglycerides. Kusanthula kumayikidwa kuti mudziwe momwe masinthidwe amitsempha ya matenda ashuga. Mu matenda a shuga, triglycerides yoyenera imakwana 1,7 mmol / L.

Kubwezera anthu odwala matenda ashuga kumadaliranso kulemera kwa munthu. Mu odwala matenda ashuga, mndandanda wam'mimba umayenera kukhala pamtunda wa 24-25, amawerengedwa ndi njira yomwe kulemera kwa kilogalamu amagawika ndi kutalika kwa mita.

Zofunikanso kwambiri ndizofunika zamankhwala othamanga. Chizindikiro chowoneka bwino ndi malire mpaka 140/90 mm. Hg. Art. Hypertension imawonetsa kusayenda bwino kwa ziwiya.

Matenda a shuga omwe amapindulira amati ndi pomwe mayeso omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa sapitirira zomwe zili zenizeni kapena kuwayandikira. Kulipira kungathe kutsimikizika kuchokera pagome pansipa.

Kulipira shuga

Wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ali ndi shuga m'thupi lomwe lili pafupi kwambiri, ndiye kuti titha kunena kuti matendawo adalipidwa. Mutha kulipirira matenda awa ngati mutsatira malamulo azakudya. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuti muwone regimen ya tsikuli, yomwe imapangidwira makamaka odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi amathandizanso, komabe, ndikofunikira kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi okha omwe ali ndi kutsimikizika kobwereza kwawo komanso kumwa. Zakudya zimapangidwa pokhapokha kwa munthu aliyense yemwe ali ndi matenda. Ngati kudya kumaganizira zonse zolimbitsa thupi ndi zochita za wodwala. Kupanda kutero, insulin yokwanira idzayambitsidwa m'thupi, kapena, mosiyana, izi zidzachitika, chifukwa minofu minofu yam'mimba imatha kudya michere yambiri mosiyanasiyana ndi kuchepa kapena kuwonjezeka kwa zochitika zolimbitsa thupi. Zakudya zake, zomwe zimawerengedwa patsiku, ziyenera kuwononga mphamvu zamagetsi zofunika kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito.

Mosasamala mtundu wa shuga, ndikofunikira kugawa chakudyacho m'magulu angapo. Muyenera kudya nthawi 5-6 patsiku. Ndikofunikira kuyambitsa zokhwasula-khwasula pakati pa chakudya ndi magulu akuluakulu. Mwambiri, gawo liyenera kukhala laling'ono. Kuchokera kuzakudya muyenera kuchotsa zakudya zamagulu, zomwe zimatengedwa mwachangu kwambiri. Zomwezi zimaphatikizanso zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi shuga.

Nthawi zina, machitidwe onsewa samatsogolera ku zotsatira zomwe mukufuna. Pankhaniyi, wodwalayo akulimbikitsidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito insulin kuti akhalebe ndi shuga. Mankhwala atha kutumizidwa omwe amakhudza shuga wamagazi ndikuchepetsa zomwe zili.

Milandu yolipira

Kuti mupeze kuchuluka komanso kuchuluka kwa chiphuphu chokwanira kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga, ndikofunikira kulabadira mtundu wa glycated hemoglobin ndi fructosamine, yomwe ili m'thupi la munthu. Panthawi yochizira matendawa, chidwi chimakopeka makamaka pamlingo womwe wodwalayo ali nawo.

Ngati wodwala wakwanitsa kuchuluka kwa matenda a shuga, ndiye kuti mtundu wa metabolic mtunduwo umakula pang'onopang'ono. Potere, mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1, maonekedwe a ziwonetserozo sangasokonezedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, kulephera kwa impso sikungakhale mu mawonekedwe osatha. Ngati wodwala anali ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda, ndiye kuti fomu yolipirira yomwe yakwaniritsidwa imayambitsa kutsika kwakukulu kwa chiwopsezo cha matenda osiyanasiyana, owopsa kwambiri omwe ndi myocardial infarction.

Ngati matenda a shuga sakulipiridwa, wodwala amatha kudwala matenda a hyperglycemia. Izi ndichifukwa choti shuga wambiri amadziunjikira m'magazi. Izi zimadzetsa kuti glucose amakumana ndi zinthu zambiri zomwe zimayendayenda ndi ma cell am'magazi ndikuyamba kudziphatika.

Ntchito zoterezi zimakhudza impso (chifukwa zimapopa magazi ambiri patsiku) ndi maso. Mafuta akayamba kugwira ntchito, zomwe zimapangidwa kuti zizigwiritsidwa ntchito ndi glycated hemoglobin. Vutoli limachitika chifukwa cha momwe glucose amalumikizana ndi mamolekyu a hemoglobin omwe amapezeka m'maselo ofiira a m'magazi. Hemoglobin yamtunduwu imatsogolera ku hyperglycemia kwa miyezi 4. Nthawi imeneyi imafotokozedwa ndikuti chiwerengero cha maselo ofiira amwazi omwe amakhala ndiochulukirapo. Mwanjira ina, ngati khungu lifika kumapeto kwa moyo wake, ndipo hemoglobin yake imakhalabe yosakanikirana, ndiye kuti m'miyezi 4 yotsatira padzakhala kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Izi zimathandiza madokotala kudziwa kukula kwa matenda omwe wodwala ali nawo. Kutengera izi, njira yothandizira matendawa imapangidwa.

Kodi shuga wambiri ndi chiyani?

Matenda opatsirana a shuga ndi omwe amakhala ali pakati pomwe munthu amakhala ndi matenda a shuga am'mbuyomu pakati pakubwezeredwa ndi kuwonongeka.

Kubwezera ndikusintha kwa thanzi la wodwala pamene magawo onse ali pafupi kwambiri chifukwa chamankhwala.

Kubwezera ndi njira ina yomwe matenda ashuga angayambitse pamavuto akulu. Mothandizidwa ndi mkodzo, pafupifupi 50 g shuga limatuluka. Magawo a shuga wamagazi saposa 13.8 mmol / lita. Acetone sichingawoneke. Koma ndi kubweza, zitha kuwoneka. Hyperglycemic coma, pomwe wodwala akayamba kulipira matenda ashuga, ndizosatheka. Zowona, wodwalayo alibe thanzi labwino, komabe, amakhala wokhazikika ndipo samadandaula pamene malamulo ndi zofunika zonse zamankhwala zimakwaniritsidwa.

Momwe mungadziwire kuchuluka kwa kubwezeredwa kwa shuga?

Pofuna kudziwa gawo la hemoglobin wa glycated m'magazi, njira ziwiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Wodwala amatha kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya immunochemical kapena ion-exchange chromatography. Mu ion-exchange chromatography, zomwe zimapezeka mu hemoglobin ndi 4.5-7,5% ya hemoglobin yonse. Chizindikiro ichi ndichikhalidwe cha munthu wathanzi. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito njira ya immunochemical, chizindikirocho chikuyenera kukhala pafupifupi 4.5-5.7 peresenti ya hemoglobin yonse m'magazi a munthu wokhala ndi thanzi labwino. Wodwala atawerengera shuga, chizindikirochi chimatha kusintha pakati pa 6 ndi 9 peresenti.

Ngati gawo lipyola malire, ndiye kuti munthu amayamba kulipira. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti njira zonse zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito zamankhwala sizingathandize kuti shuga azikhala wolimba. Kubwezera kumatha kuchitika ngati pakhale zovuta zolakwika kapena wodwala sanatsatire zakudya. Izi zitha kuchitika pomwe wodwalayo adakana kapena kuyiwala kumwa mankhwala othandiza kuchepetsa shuga.

Chizindikiro chachiwiri chomwe chimathandizira kuzindikira kukula kwa chiphuphu ndi fructosamine. Izi zimatha kupangika pamene shuga yayamba kuyanjana ndi mapuloteni am'magazi. Phula ikayamba kuchuluka, izi zikuwonetsa kuti pa masabata awiri apitawa, shuga amapezeka pang'onopang'ono. Ngati kuli kotheka kuwongolera gawo la fructosamine, ndiye kuti wodwalayo amatha kuwongoleredwa. Mwa munthu wathanzi, fructosamine m'magazi alibe oposa 285 μmol / lita.

Zizindikiro zonsezi zimathandizira kumvetsetsa kuopsa kwa kusintha kwamomwe kumachitika m'thupi la wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Izi zimathandizira kudziwa matenda a mtima ndi kuzungulira kwa dongosolo. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kulabadira magawo a lipid metabolism. Ndikofunikira kuyang'anira glucose osati m'mwazi, komanso mkodzo.

Kodi ndizomwe zimapangidwira shuga

Ntchito yofunikira kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa kuti matenda ashuga ndi kubwezeretsa ndikuwonetsetsa kuti pali shuga. Ngati matenda amtundu wa matenda a 1 apezeka, insulin yowonjezera siyingagawidwe nayo.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, sikofunikira jekeseni wa insulin, bola ngati zakudya zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa, zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku zimatsatiridwa mosamalitsa ndikuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ovomerezeka. Mndandanda wazinthu zovomerezeka, kuchuluka kwake, kuchuluka kwa zakudya nthawi zonse kumatsimikiziridwa payekha ndi adokotala. Makhalidwe a wodwala komanso kuchuluka kwa zochita zake zimawerengedwa.

Mosasamala mtundu wa matenda ashuga, mfundo zoyambira pazakudya sizisintha:

Kupatula kwathunthu kwa zinthu zophika ku ufa wa tirigu woyamba, maswiti, mchere, zakudya zonunkhira komanso mafuta,

Tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti njira yodwala matenda ashuga sikungogwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru kwa zakudya zovomerezeka. Mndandanda wa zochitika zofunika umaphatikizaponso:

1. Onani pafupipafupi magazi anu ndi mkodzo wanu.
2. Kukhazikika kwamaganizidwe am'maganizo - kupsinjika mu matenda a shuga a mtundu uliwonse ndizowopsa.
3. Zochita zolimbitsa thupi ndizovomerezeka.

Masewera olimbikira, komanso kusachita mokwanira, zimangovulaza ndi matenda awa. Zoyenera, muziyenda tsiku ndi tsiku, kuthamanga pang'ono m'mawa, kapena masewera olimbitsa thupi m'mawa. Zochita zolimbitsa thupi za anthu odwala matenda ashuga ndizolandilidwa nthawi zonse.

Nthawi zina mtundu wa shuga wachiwiri sulephera kubwezeredwa ngakhale zakudya zitatsatiridwa ndikuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndikokwanira. Ndiye palibenso chinthu china koma kuyambitsa insulin. Umboni wotsimikizira kuti matendawo alipidwa bwino ndi izi:

Kutengera ndi zomwe zikuwonetsa, kuchuluka kwamalipiro kumatsimikizidwanso.

Malipiro Olipira Mtundu 1 ndi Matenda Awiri A shuga

Milingo yothandizira ndi umboni wodalirika kwambiri wa momwe chithandizo cha matenda ashuga chimachitikira. Ngati chipukutira, kukula bwino kwa zinthu monga metabolic syndrome kumayima.

Kwa iwo omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu 1, izi zikutanthauza kusapezeka kwa zovuta zosafunikira monga kulephera kwa impso komanso matenda ashuga retinopathy. Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, kuphwanya myocardial kumatha.

Ndi shuga wa mtundu uliwonse, kapena, mwanjira ina, kulipidwa pang'ono, chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda amtima chambiri chikukulirakulira.

Kuchepetsa matenda a shuga nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa zovuta monga matenda a hyperglycemia. Pankhaniyi, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatha kukhalabe okwera kwambiri kwa nthawi yayitali.

Glucose, yemwe amakhala kwambiri m'magazi, amalowa m'magazi ndi zinthu zina.

Kuwonongeka pang'onopang'ono kwa zombo zazing'ono komanso ma capillaries kumayamba mothandizidwa ndi izi. Zotsatira zake, ziwalo zambiri zimakhudzidwa, makamaka maso ndi impso.

Njira Zowerengera Ndalama

Mu shuga mellitus, ndikofunikira kumayesedwa nthawi zonse kuti mumvetsetse momwe njira zosankhira mankhwala zimathandizira. Upangiri wotsogola mulingo wa chiphuphu ndi izi:

• mkodzo acetone
• shuga mkodzo ndi magazi,
• glycated hemoglobin,
• mbiri ya lipid
• fructosamine.

Ena mwa iwo ndi ofunika kuwaganizira mwatsatanetsatane.

Glycated hemoglobin

Hemoglobin ndi puloteni, yofunika kwambiri m'magazi, ntchito yake yofunika kwambiri ndiyo kutumiza mpweya m'maselo a minyewa. Chofunikira chake komanso kupadera kwake ndikutha kujambula mamolekyulu a oxygen ndikuwasamutsa.

Koma momwemonso, hemoglobin imatha kugwiranso mamolekyu a glucose. Pafupifupi - glucose + hemoglobin - amatchedwa glycated hemoglobin. Zimasiyana ndi nthawi yayitali kwambiri yokhala ndi moyo: osati maola ambiri, osati masiku, koma miyezi yonse.

Chifukwa chake, poyang'anira kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin ya glycated m'magazi, ndizotheka kukhazikitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi miyezi iwiri yapitayo ndikuwonetsetsa momwe matendawa aliri. Ichi ndichifukwa chake chizindikirochi ndichofunikira kwambiri ngati mukufuna kudziwa mtundu wa chipukutiro chokwanira kwa wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 kapena matenda a shuga.

Pofuna kukhazikitsa kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin m'magazi, njira ziwiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:

1. Njira yopanda chitetezo
2. Ion amasinthana ndi chromatography.

Pakufufuza koyamba, muyezo wa hemoglobin wa glycated m'thupi lathanzi limachokera ku 4.5 mpaka 7.5%. Pakuunika kwachiwiri, 4.5-5.7%. Ngati chiphuphu chabwino chimadziwika, chizindikiro cha mtunduwu wa hemoglobin mu matenda ashuga ndi 6-9%. Kodi zimatanthawuza chiyani, malinga ndi zotsatira za kusanthula, hemoglobin ya glycated ikupitilira zomwe zikuwonetsedwa?

Izi zikusonyeza kuti njira zamankhwala zimasankhidwa molakwika, kuti magazi a wodwalayo akadali okwera kwambiri, ndipo amayamba kudwala matenda ashuga. Cholinga chake chingakhale:

• Kulephera kutsatira dongosolo la jakisoni wa insulin kapena mlingo wokwanira wa mankhwalawo.
• Mavuto azakudya
• Kulephera kuchita zolimbitsa thupi,
• Kunyalanyaza malangizo a dokotala.

Popeza kuphatikiza kwa hemoglobin ndi glucose kumakhalabe m'magazi kwa nthawi yayitali, kuwunikanso kumachitika patatha milungu ingapo mutatha kusintha kwa chithandizo.

Fructosamine

Ichi ndiye chizindikiro chotsatira chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa mulipiri waziphuphu kwa matenda amitundu iliyonse. Izi zimapangidwa ndi kumangiriza kwa mapuloteni a plasma ku glucose. Ngati plasma ndende ya fructosamine yachuluka, izi zikuwonetsa kuti masabata aposachedwa kuchuluka kwa shuga kwamwazi kwadutsa monga momwe zimakhalira.

Ndiye kuti, zomwe zikuwonetsa zomwe zili mu fructosamine zimathandiza osati kungoyesa moyenera momwe wodwalayo alili matenda amtundu wa 2 kapena matenda a shuga, komanso kudziwa lingaliro la matendawo.

Ndende yokhazikika ya fructosamine m'magazi siopitilira 285 μmol / L. Pankhaniyi, wodwalayo amatha kuyamikiridwa - adapeza chiphuphu chabwino cha matendawa.

Ngati chizindikirocho chili chokwera, titha kulankhula za chitukuko cha matenda ashuga kapena matenda opatsika shuga. M'pofunika kukumbukira kuwonjezeka kwa myocardial infarction ndi zina za pathological system.

Lipidogram

Chizindikirochi sichofunikira kwambiri, chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito pozindikira momwe chiphuphu chidzaperekedwere matendawa. Zimawonetsa kuchuluka kwa lipids (mafuta) m'magawo osiyanasiyana a magazi. Popereka kusanthula, mawonekedwe nthawi zambiri amawonetsa zomwe adotolo adachita. Pa kusanthula, njira ya patometricometomet imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mayunitsiwo ali mamilimita pa lita imodzi.

Kuti apange mtundu wamtunduwu, nyemba zamwazi zimatengedwa kuchokera mu mtsempha. Pamaso pa izi simungathe:

• Idyani kwa maola 12
• Kusuta
• Khalani ndi mantha komanso nkhawa.

Ngati izi sizikwaniritsidwa, ndibwino kuchedwetsa kuwunikaku. Kuyeseraku kumathandizanso kudziwa monga cholesterol yathunthu, triglycerides, cohero ndi okwera, otsika komanso otsika kwambiri.

Ngati mfundo zovomerezeka zitha kupitirira, chiwopsezo cha matenda monga atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, stroke, and dnessfunction ikuwonjezeka.

Pafupifupi chiwalo chilichonse kapena dongosolo lililonse njira zolipira, kuwonetsetsa kusinthasintha kwa ziwalo ndi machitidwe kuti zisinthe (kusintha kwina, kusintha kwina m'thupi, zotsatira za zinthu zapathupi). Ngati tilingalira momwe thupi limakhalira mwadongosolo lofananira lakunja ngati kulumikizana, ndiye kuti mphamvu zakunja ndi zamkati zimabweretsa thupi kapena ziwalo zake mosaloledwa, ndipo njira zowalipirira zimabwezeretsa bwino pakupanga kusintha kwina kwa ziwalo kapena posisintha. Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, ndi vuto la mtima kapena kuvutikira kwakanthawi (m'masewera), matenda oopsa a minofu yamtima amachitika (poyambirira, amakwaniritsa zolakwika, chachiwiri - imapereka kuthamanga kwamphamvu kwamphamvu yamagazi pafupipafupi pantchito yowonjezereka).

Kubwezera sikuli "kwaulere" - monga lamulo, kumabweretsa chakuti limba kapena dongosolo limagwira ntchito kwambiri, zomwe zingapangitse kuchepa kukana zinthu zoyipa.

Makina aliwonse omwe amakakamiza amakhala ndi zoletsa zina pazophwanya lamulo, zomwe zimatha kulipirira. Kusokoneza kofatsa kumalipiriridwa mosavuta, owopsa kwambiri amatha kulipidwa mosakwanira komanso ndi zovuta zina. Kuyambira pamlingo wina wowuma, makina amakakamizika amatha mphamvu zake, kapena amalephera, chifukwa chotsutsana ndi kuphwanyidwacho sichimatheka. Mkhalidwe uwu umatchedwa kubwezera.

Mkhalidwe wowawa womwe kuphwanya kwa ntchito ya chiwalo, chinthu kapena chinthu chonsecho sikungaperekedwenso kulipidwa ndi njira zogwiritsidwira ntchito umatchedwa "gawo lowongolera" mwa mankhwala. Kukwaniritsa gawo lowumbirali ndi chizindikiro kuti thupi silingakonzenso kuwonongeka palokha. Pokhapokha njira zamankhwala zosasinthika, nthenda yakupha yomwe ikhoza kupha anthu imayamba kufa. Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, matenda amchiwindi a chiwindi mu gawo la kuwonongeka amatha kuchiritsidwa kokha ndikusintha - chiwindi chokha sichingathenso kuchira.

Kubwezera(kuchokera lat. de ... - - prefix shows the sieant, and compensatio - balancing, complication) - kuphwanya kwazinthu zofananira kwa ziwalo za munthu, kachitidwe ka ziwalo kapena ziwalo zonse, chifukwa chotopa mphamvu kapena kusokonezeka kwa njira zosinthira.

Kubweza - Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu za matendawa, pomwe nthawi zambiri matendawa amawonjezeka ndipo thanzi lawo limakulirakulirabe. Nthawi zambiri, ndi nthawi imeneyi pomwe odwala amayamba kuganizira zaumoyo wawo komanso kukaonana ndi dokotala.

Chifukwa chake, kwathunthu panthawi ya matendawa matendawo atatu amalekanitsidwa: kubwezeretsa (koyambirira, matendawa sikuwonekera mwanjira iliyonse), kulipira ndi kuwonongeka (gawo lothandizira).