Kodi matenda ashuga ndi matenda obadwa nawo?

Gulu la WHO limasiyanitsa mitundu iwiri yamatenda: kudwala-insulin- (mtundu I) komanso matenda osagwirizana ndi insulin (mtundu II). Mtundu woyamba umakhala muzochitikazo pamene insulin siyipangidwa ndi maselo a pancreatic kapena kuchuluka kwa mahomoni omwe amapangidwa ndi ochepa kwambiri. Pafupifupi 15-20% ya anthu odwala matenda ashuga ali ndi matenda amtunduwu.

Mwa odwala ambiri, insulin imapangidwa m'thupi, koma maselo sawazindikira. Awa ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga, momwe minyewa yathupi singagwire ntchito shuga kulowa m'magazi. Sisinthidwa mphamvu.

Njira zopezera matendawa

Makina enieni a matenda amayamba. Koma madotolo amatchula gulu la zinthu, chifukwa chomwe chiopsezo cha matenda amtundu wa endocrine chikuwonjezereka:

• kuwonongeka kwa kapangidwe kake kapamba,
• kunenepa
• kagayidwe kachakudya matenda
• kupsinjika
• matenda opatsirana
• ntchito zochepa
• chibadwa.

Ana omwe makolo awo amadwala matenda ashuga amakhala ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi izi. Koma matenda obadwa nawo samawonekera mwa aliyense. Kuwonongeka kwa kupezeka kwake kumachulukana ndikuphatikiza pazinthu zingapo zowopsa.

Matenda a shuga a insulin

Matenda a Type I amakula mwa achinyamata: ana ndi achinyamata. Makanda omwe ali ndi chiyembekezo cha matenda a shuga amatha kubereka makolo athanzi. Izi ndichifukwa choti nthawi zambiri chibadwidwe cha majini chimafalikira kudzera m'badwo. Nthawi yomweyo, chiopsezo chotenga matendawa kwa bambo ndichoposa cha mayi.

Achibale ambiri akayamba kudwala matenda omwe amadalira insulin, m'pamenenso mwana angadwale. Ngati kholo limodzi lili ndi matenda ashuga, ndiye kuti mwayi wokhala nalo mwa mwana ndi pafupifupi 4-5%: ndi bambo wodwala - 9%, amayi - 3%. Ngati matendawa apezeka mwa makolo onse awiri, ndiye kuti kukula kwake kwa mwana malinga ndi mtundu woyamba ndi 21%. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mwana m'modzi mwa ana asanu okha ndi amene amakhala ndi matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin.

Matenda amtunduwu amapatsirana ngakhale pakakhala kuti palibe zoopsa. Ngati makina atsimikiza kuti kuchuluka kwa maselo a beta omwe ali ndi vuto la kupanga insulin ndi ochepa, kapena kulibe, ndiye kuti ngakhale mutatsata zakudya ndikukhalabe ndi moyo wabwino, cholowa sichinganyengedwe.

Kuthekera kwa matenda m'mapasa ofanana, ngati wachiwiri amapezeka ndi matenda omwe amadalira insulin, ndi 50%. Matendawa amapezeka ndi achinyamata. Ngati asanakhale zaka 30, ndiye kuti mutha kudekha. Pambuyo pake, matenda ashuga amtundu wa 1 samachitika.

Kupsinjika, matenda opatsirana, kuwonongeka kwa kapamba kumatha kuyambitsa matendawa. Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga 1 zimatha kukhala matenda opatsirana kwa ana: rubella, mumps, chikuku, chikuku.

Kupita patsogolo kwa mitundu yamatendawa, ma virus amatulutsa mapuloteni omwe amafanana ndi maselo a beta omwe amapanga insulin. Thupi limatulutsa ma antibodies omwe amatha kuchotsa ma protein a virus. Koma amawononga ma cell omwe amapanga insulin.

Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti si mwana aliyense yemwe adzadwala matenda a shuga atadwala. Koma ngati makolo a amayi kapena abambo anali odwala matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin, ndiye kuti mwayi wa matenda osokoneza bongo kwa mwana ukuwonjezeka.

Matenda osagwirizana ndi insulin

Nthawi zambiri, endocrinologists amazindikira mtundu II matenda. Kukhazikika kwa maselo kwa insulin yopanga ndi chibadwa. Koma nthawi yomweyo, munthu ayenera kukumbukira zovuta zoyipa zomwe zimabweretsa.

Kuthekera kwa matenda ashuga kumafika 40% ngati m'modzi mwa makolo adwala. Ngati makolo onse amadziwa bwino matenda ashuga, ndiye kuti mwana atha kudwala 70%. Amapasa ofanana, matendawa amawonekanso 60% ya milandu, mapasa ofanana - 30%.

Kupeza kuthekera kwa kufala kwa matenda kuchokera kwa munthu kupita kwa munthu, ayenera kumvetsetsa kuti ngakhale ndi chibadwa chamtsogolo, ndizotheka kupewa mwayi wokhala ndi matenda. Vutoli limakulirakulira chifukwa izi ndi matenda aanthu azaka zapenshoni komanso zopumira. Ndiye kuti, imayamba kukula pang'onopang'ono, mawonetsedwe oyamba amapita osadziwika. Anthu amatembenukira ku zizindikilo ngakhale mkhalidwe utakula.

Nthawi yomweyo, anthu amayamba kudwala endocrinologist atakwanitsa zaka 45. Chifukwa chake, pakati mwazomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa matendawa sikuti kumatulutsa kudzera m'magazi, koma zotsatira zoyipa zoyambitsa matenda. Mukamatsatira malamulowo, ndiye kuti matenda a shuga angathe kuchepetsedwa kwambiri.

Kupewa matenda

Popeza timvetsetsa momwe matenda a shuga amathandizidwira, odwala amadziwa kuti ali ndi mwayi wopewa kuchitika. Zowona, izi zimangogwira mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga okha. Ndi chibadwa chovuta, anthu ayenera kuwunika thanzi lawo komanso kulemera kwawo. Njira yothandizira zolimbitsa thupi ndiyofunika kwambiri. Kupatula apo, katundu wosankhidwa bwino amatha kulipirira gawo la insulin chitetezo cha maselo.

Njira zodzitetezera pakukula kwa matendawa ndi monga:

• kukana chakudya cham'mimba chambiri,
• kutsika kwamafuta olowa mthupi,
• kuchuluka kwa ntchito
• lawani kuchuluka kwa mchere,
• mayeso a pafupipafupi, kuphatikiza kuyang'ana magazi, kuchita mayeso okhudzana ndi shuga, kusanthula kwa glycosylated hemoglobin.

Ndikofunikira kukana kokha kuchokera ku chakudya chambiri: maswiti, masikono, shuga woyengedwa. Amatha kudya michere yambiri, nthawi yakusokonekera yomwe thupi limayenda munsito, ndikofunikira m'mawa. Kudya kwawo kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga. Nthawi yomweyo, thupi silimakhala ndi zochuluka zilizonse; magwiridwe antchito a kapamba amangochita chidwi.

Ngakhale kuti matenda ashuga amawona kuti ndi matenda obadwa nawo, ndizowona kuti kupewa kukula kapena kuchedwetsa nthawi.

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga wobadwa nawo?

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga ndi matenda otchedwa autoimmune omwe amachititsa chitetezo cha mthupi kugwidwa ndi maselo ake athanzi. Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa shuga achinyamata chifukwa anthu ambiri amapezeka ali ana ndipo matendawa amakhala moyo wawo wonse.

Madokotala ankakonda kuganiza kuti mtundu 1 wa matenda ashuga ndi chibadwa chokha. Kafukufuku waposachedwa wasonyeza, kuti ana amadwala matenda amtundu wa 1 ndi 3 peresenti ngati amayi awo ali ndi matenda ashuga, 5 peresenti ngati abambo awo ali ndi matendawa, kapena 8 peresenti ngati m'baleyo ali ndi matenda ashuga 1.

Chifukwa chake, ofufuza tsopano amakhulupirira kuti china chake m'chilengedwe chimayambitsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba.

Zina mwa ngozi:

• Nyengo yozizira. Anthu amakhala ndi matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba nthawi yachisanu nthawi zambiri kuposa chilimwe. Kuphatikiza apo, shuga ndiwofala kwambiri m'malo omwe amakhala ndi nyengo yabwino.
• Ma virus. Ofufuzawo akuti ma virus ena amatha kuyambitsa matenda amtundu wa 1 mwa anthu. Mingulu, ma mumps, kachilombo ka Coxsackie, ndi rotavirus zalumikizidwa ndi matenda a shuga 1.

Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti anthu omwe amakhala ndi matenda amtundu woyamba amatha kukhala ndi ma antibmies am'magazi awo zaka zambiri zisanafike chizindikiro cha matendawa. Zotsatira zake, matendawa amatha kumatenga nthawi, ndipo china chake chitha kuyambitsa ma antibodies a autoimmune kuti awonetse zizindikiro.

Type 2 matenda a shuga omwe tinalandira?

Matenda a shuga a Mtundu Wachiwiri ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa matenda, popeza 90 peresenti ya milandu yonse padziko lonse lapansi. Zofanana ndi matenda amtundu 1 shuga, mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga ndi wobadwa mwanjira inayake. Anthu omwe ali ndi mbiri yakale yamatendawa amatenga matenda a shuga.

Matenda a 2 a shuga amakhalanso ndi zifukwa zingapo zamakhalidwe, kuphatikizapo kunenepa kwambiri. Kafukufuku wina, asayansi anapeza kuti anthu 73 mwa anthu 100 alionse omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 anali ndi vuto lalikulu lodzipha, pomwe 40 peresenti okha anali onenepa. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti genetics imatha kuwonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi matenda ashuga, ngakhale ochulukirapo wonenepa, osachepera mgulu lofufuzira ili.

Onse onenepa komanso mbiri yabanja akapezekapo, chiopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga chikuchuluka kwambiri. Pafupifupi, anthu omwe anali onenepa kwambiri komanso omwe anali ndi vuto loti anali ndi matenda ashuga anali ndi chiopsezo cha 40% chokhala ndi matenda a shuga.

Izi sizitanthauza kuti mtundu 2 wa shuga ndi wobadwa mwatsopano. Ndipo nthawi yomweyo, izi sizitanthauza kuti vuto la chibadwa limayambitsa kukula kwa matendawa.

Zinthu zina zomwe zitha kupangitsa kuti chibadwa cha matenda chiwopseze, kapena zingayambitse matenda ashuga 2 kwa anthu opanda mbiri ya banja, ndi izi:

• Kunenepa kwambiri kapena kunenepa kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, kwa anthu ena ochokera ku Asia, index ya thupi (BMI) yama 23 kapena kuposa pamenepo imakhala pachiwopsezo, ngakhale ngati sikumayesedwa ngati wonenepa kwambiri.
• Khalidwe labwino. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kungathandize kuti muchepetse magazi anu.
• Kukhalapo kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi, mafuta ambiri, otchedwa triglycerides, omwe ali m'magazi, kapena otsika kwambiri a HDL, omwe amatchedwa cholesterol "yabwino". Mbiri yodwala matenda amtima imawonjezera mwayi wanu.
• Mbiri yakale ya matenda ashuga.
• Kukhumudwa kapena polycystic ovary syndrome.

Chiwopsezo cha kukhala ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 chikuwonjezeka ndi ukalamba, kotero anthu opitilira zaka 45 ali pachiwopsezo chowonjezereka, makamaka ngati ali ndi zifukwa zina zowopsa.

Kuchepetsa chiwopsezo cha matenda ashuga

Ofufuzawo sanazindikire zonse zomwe zingayambitse matenda ashuga. Komabe, zotsatira za kafukufuku wapamwambazi zikuwonetsa kuti anthu omwe akudziwa kuti ali pachiwopsezo chambiri chotenga matenda a shuga amatha kutenga njira kuti achepetse chiopsezo chawo.

Makamaka makolo amafuna kuti ana awo atha kudwala matenda amtundu woyamba ayenera kuwamwetsa. Akatswiri azachipatala amalangizira kuyamwitsa kokha mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, chifukwa chake makolo ayenera kuyambitsa zolimbitsa thupi pakudya kwa mwana kuyambira miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka isanu ndi iwiri.

Ngati wina sakudziwa zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2, izi sizitanthauza kuti sadzadwalanso shuga.

Njira zambiri zomwe zimachitika omwe amathandizanso anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga kuthana ndi matendawa zimathandizanso kuchepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi matenda ashuga. Malangizowa akuphatikizapo:

• Kusungabe thupi lathanzi. Anthu onenepa kwambiri kapena onenepa kwambiri angachepetse chiwopsezo chawo chokhala ndi matenda a shuga mwakuchepetsa 5 mpaka 7 peresenti ya kulemera kwawo koyambirira, ngakhale atanenepa kwambiri kapena onenepa kwambiri.
• Kusungabe zolimbitsa thupi. Anthu ayenera kuchita mphindi 30 zolimbitsa thupi osachepera masiku 5 pa sabata.
• Zakudya zopatsa thanzi. Zakudya zochepa zomwe zimatha kukhala ndi nthawi yokwanira komanso kuchepetsa ngozi ya kudya kwambiri. CHIKWANGWANI chimatha kutsitsa shuga m'magazi, chifukwa chake anthu ayenera kusankha zakudya zamafuta ambiri monga zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, ndi mbewu zonse.

Anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a shuga amatha kupindula mwakuwunika pafupipafupi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga, monga ludzu lokwinya kapena kukodza, kutopa, komanso matenda osadziwika bwino, nthawi zonse amafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala. Komabe, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga alibe zizindikiro kumayambiriro kwa matendawa.

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