Mankhwala atsopano ndi njira zochizira matenda amitundu iwiri

Tikukupemphani kuti muwerenge nkhaniyi pamutuwu: "mankhwala atsopano ndi njira zochizira matenda amtundu wa 2" ndi ndemanga kuchokera kwa akatswiri. Ngati mukufuna kufunsa funso kapena kulemba ndemanga, mutha kuchita izi pansipa, nkhaniyo itatha. Katswiri wathu wamtundu wa endoprinologist adzakuyankhirani.

Chithandizo chatsopano cha matenda ashuga: zatsopano ndi mankhwala amakono pazamankhwala

Masiku ano, mankhwala amakono apanga njira zingapo zochizira matenda ashuga. Chithandizo chamakono cha matenda ashuga chimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zamankhwala komanso zolimbitsa thupi pa thupi la wodwala wokhala ndi matenda amtundu wa 2.

Akazindikiridwa m'thupi, atazindikira kuti ali ndi matenda ashuga, monotherapy imayikidwa koyamba, yomwe imakhala ndi kutsatira mosamalitsa zakudya. Ngati njira zomwe wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga azikwanira sizokwanira, ndiye kuti mankhwalawa amasankhidwa ndikusankhidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito, zomwe cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Mankhwala ena amakono samachotsa kuthekera kwa kudya michere. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kwa mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga kumapewetsa kukula kwa matenda a hypoglycemic mwa anthu.

Mankhwala amasankhidwa ndipo njira yolandirira odwala imapangidwa malinga ndi momwe munthu akuvutikira ndi matenda a shuga a 2 komanso deta yomwe idapezedwa pakufufuza kwa wodwalayo.

Njira zakuchiritsira zamakono za mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga zimaphatikizanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zowongolera shuga m'thupi la wodwalayo panthawi yamankhwala. Chofunikira kwambiri pazamankhwala ndi kusankha kwa mankhwala komanso mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda amtundu wa 2 shuga.

Chithandizo chamakono cha matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala sichithetsa zofunikira pakukhazikitsa malangizo omwe akufuna kusintha moyo wawo wodwala.

Mfundo zachikhalidwe za zakudya ndi:

1. Kutsatira malamulo a zakudya zopatsa thanzi. Muyenera kudya katatu pa tsiku. Kudya kuyenera kuchitidwa m'magawo ang'onoang'ono, kutsatira dongosolo lomwelo la chakudya.
2. Ngati onenepa kwambiri, mumagwiritsa ntchito zakudya zamafuta ochepa.
3. Kuchulukitsa zakudya, zomwe zimakhala ndi fiber yambiri.
4. Kuchepetsa kudya zamafuta ambiri.
5. Kuchepetsa kudya zamchere tsiku lililonse.
6. Kusiyanitsa ndi zakumwa ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa.
7. Kuchulukitsa zakudya zamafuta ambiri.

Kuphatikiza pa chithandizo chamankhwala pothana ndi matenda a shuga a 2, maphunziro a thupi amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu. Zochita zolimbitsa thupi zimalimbikitsidwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 mu mawonekedwe amtundu womwewo wa kuyenda, kusambira ndi kuyendetsa njinga.

Mtundu wa zochitika zolimbitsa thupi komanso kulimba kwake zimasankhidwa payekha kwa wodwala aliyense yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2. Ganizirani posankha katunduyu:

• zaka odwala
• zambiri za wodwala
• kukhalapo kwa zovuta ndi matenda owonjezera,
• zolimbitsa thupi zoyambira, etc.

Kugwiritsa ntchito zamankhwala pochiza matenda ashuga kumakupatsani mwayi wowonekera wa glycemia. Maphunziro azachipatala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zochizira matenda osokoneza bongo amatilola kunena motsimikiza kuti zolimbitsa thupi zimathandizira kuti shuga agwiritsidwe ntchito ka plasma, kutsitsa chidwi chake, kumapangitsa kagayidwe ka lipid m'thupi, kuletsa kukula kwa matenda a shuga a shuga.

Musanaphunzire momwe njira zatsopano zakugwirira ntchito pochizira matenda a shuga 2 zimagwirira ntchito, muyenera kuphunzira momwe mtundu wa 2 wodwala amathandizidwira pogwiritsa ntchito njira yakale.

Lingaliro la chithandizo ndi njira yachikhalidwe limapangidwa poyang'anira mwamphamvu shuga wambiri m'thupi la wodwalayo, poganizira za momwe thupi limakhalira ndi machitidwe a matendawa.

Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yachikhalidwe, chithandizo cha matendawa chimachitika njira zonse zodziwira matenda zitachitika. Akalandira chidziwitso chazonse zokhudzana ndi thupi, adotolo amakupatsani chithandizo chamankhwala ndikusankha njira yoyenera kwambiri kwa wodwalayo.

Chithandizo cha matendawa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zachikhalidwe chimaphatikizira kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi imodzi mankhwalawa, mwachitsanzo, mtundu 1 wa shuga, zakudya zapadera zamagulu, masewera olimbitsa thupi, kuphatikiza apo, mankhwala apadera ayenera kumwedwa ngati gawo la mankhwala a insulin.

Cholinga chachikulu chomwe ndimagwiritsidwe ntchito a matenda a shuga ndikuchotsa chizindikiro chomwe chimawoneka pamene kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kukwera kapena pamene kugwera kwambiri pansi pazomwe zimachitika. Mankhwala atsopano opangidwa ndi akatswiri opanga mankhwala amapangitsa kuti pakhale shuga wambiri m'thupi la wodwalayo akamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.

Njira zachikhalidwe zochizira matenda ashuga zimafuna kugwiritsa ntchito njira yachikhalidwe kwakanthawi yayitali, nthawi yamankhwala ingatenge zaka zingapo.

Mtundu wofala kwambiri wamatenda ndi matenda ashuga 2. Kuphatikiza mankhwala amtunduwu wa shuga kumafunikanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali.

Kutalika kwakanthawi kothandizidwa ndi njira yachikhalidwe kumakakamiza madokotala kuyamba kufunafuna njira zatsopano zochizira matenda ashuga komanso mankhwala aposachedwa kwambiri pochiza matenda amtundu wa 2, omwe adzafupikitsa nthawi yayitali.

Pogwiritsa ntchito zomwe zapezeka mu kafukufuku wamakono, lingaliro latsopano lothandizira matenda a shuga lapangidwa.

Kupanga njira zamankhwala mukamagwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano ndikusintha njira munthawi ya chithandizo.

Njira zamakono zochizira matenda amitundu iwiri

Kafukufuku wamakono akuonetsa kuti pochiza matenda amtundu wa 2 shuga, nthawi yakwana yoti asinthe lingaliro. Kusiyana kwakuthupi komwe matenda amakono amakuyerekeza ndi miyambo ndikuti, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amakono ndi njira zamankhwala, mwachangu momwe zingatherere matenda a glycemia m'thupi la wodwalayo.

Israeli ndi dziko lomwe lili ndi mankhwala otsogola. Yoyamba yokhudza njira yatsopano yovomerezeka idakambidwa ndi Dr. Shmuel Levit, yemwe amagwira ntchito kuchipatala cha Asud ku Israel. Kuchita bwino kwa Israeli pakuchiza matenda a shuga ndi njira yatsopanoyo kudavomerezedwa ndi Komiti Yadziko Lonse Yazachipatala pakuzindikira matenda ndi matenda a shuga.

Kugwiritsira ntchito njira yachikhalidwe yochiritsira poyerekeza ndi yamakono kuli ndi zovuta zina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti njira yogwiritsira ntchito njira yachikhalidwe ndiyosakhalitsa, nthawi zina ndikofunikira kubwereza maphunziro a chithandizo.

Akatswiri azamaphunziro a endocrinology amasiyanitsa magawo atatu apakati pa chithandizo cha matenda a shuga 2, omwe amapereka njira yamakono yochizira matenda a kagayidwe kazakudya m'thupi.

Kugwiritsa ntchito metformin kapena dimethylbiguanide - mankhwala omwe amachepetsa shuga m'thupi.

Zochita za mankhwala ndi izi:

1. Chidacho chimapereka kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a m'magazi.
2. Kuchulukitsa chidwi kwa maselo mu minofu yodalira insulini kupita ku insulin.
3. Kupereka kuthamanga kwa shuga kwa maselo pakufalikira kwa thupi.
4. Kuthamanga kwa mafuta oxidation njira.
5. Kuchepetsa shuga m'mimba.

Kuphatikiza ndi mankhwalawa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamtunduwu monga:

• insulin
• glitazone
• Kukonzekera kwa sulfonylurea.

Kutheka kokwanira kumatheka pogwiritsa ntchito njira yatsopano yothandizira mankhwalawa pochulukitsa mulingo wa mankhwala pakapita nthawi pofika 50-100%

Protocol yamankhwala mogwirizana ndi njira yatsopano imalola mwayi wophatikiza mankhwala omwe ali ndi zotsatira zomwezo. Zipangizo zamankhwala zimakupatsani mwayi wothandizira panthawi yochepa kwambiri.

Zochita zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mankhwalawa zimapangidwa kuti zisinthe momwe mankhwalawo amachitikira, kuchuluka kwa insulin komwe kumapangidwa ndi kapamba, ndikumachepetsa insulin.

Mankhwala ochizira matenda a shuga a 2

Nthawi zambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo molingana ndi njira yamakono imagwiritsidwa ntchito kumapeto kwa chitukuko cha matenda ashuga a mtundu 2.

Choyamba, pakupereka mankhwala, mankhwala amathandizidwa kuti achepetse kuthana ndi shuga kuchokera m'matumbo a lumen ndikukhazikika kwa glucose omwe amatengedwa ndi ma cell a chiwindi ndikusintha chidwi cha insulin yodalira insulin.

Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a shuga akuphatikizanso mankhwala a magulu otsatirawa:

• khwawa
• khalimon
• mankhwala a sulfanilurea a m'badwo wachiwiri, etc.

Kuchiza ndi mankhwala kumaphatikiza kumwa monga:

• Bagomet.
• Metfogama.
• Fomu.
• Diaformin.
• Glformin.
• Avandia
• Aktos.
• Diabeteson MV.
• Ziphuphu.
• Maninil.
• Glimax
• Amaril.
• Glimepiride.
• Glybinosis achigonjetse.
• Novonorm.
• Starlix.
• Dziwani.

Woopsa matenda, alpha-glycosidase ndi fenofibrate inhibitors amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza. Mankhwala ochizira amasankhidwa ndi endocrinologist yemwe amadziwa mawonekedwe a matendawa mwa wodwala wina. Mankhwala aliwonse ayenera kuperekedwa kwa odwala pokhapokha ndi dokotala yemwe wapanga chithandizo chachikulu. Endocrinologists a ku Russia amadziwa bwino njira yatsopano yothandizira.

Mdziko lathu, odwala ayamba kuchitira odwala monga njira za madotolo aku Israeli, kusiya njira zachikhalidwe.

Kutchulidwa kwamagulu a mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda ashuga

Mankhwala a gulu la Biguanide adayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito zaka zoposa 50 zapitazo. Choipa cha mankhwalawa ndichotheka kwambiri mawonekedwe awo a lactic acidosis. Buformin ndi phenformin ali m'gulu la mankhwalawa. Kuperewera kwa mankhwala m'gululi kunapangitsa kuti asatengedwe m'maiko ambiri mndandanda wazololedwa. Chithandizo chokhacho chovomerezedwa kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito mgululi ndi metformin.

Kuchita kwa mankhwalawa kumachitika chifukwa cha njira zingapo zomwe sizimagwirizana ndi njira ya insulin yotulutsidwa ndi beta cell ya kapamba. Metformin imatha kupondereza kupanga kwa glucose ndi ma cell a chiwindi pamaso pa insulin. Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwalawa amatha kuchepetsa kukonzekera kwa insulin.

Njira yayikulu yogwiritsira ntchito m'badwo watsopano wa sulfonylureas ndi kukondoweza kwa insulin. Anamwino a gululi amagwira ntchito pama cell apancreatic, kuwonjezera luso lawo lachinsinsi.

Mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala, mankhwalawa sulfonylureas amayamba ndi otsika kwambiri Mlingo, ndipo Mlingo umawonjezereka ndi mankhwala ena pokhapokha ngati pakufunika.

Zotsatira zoyipa zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwalawa ndizotheka kwakukulu kwakatukuka kwa vuto la hypoglycemia m'thupi la wodwalayo, kuchuluka kwa thupi, kuwoneka ngati zotupa pakhungu, kuyabwa, matenda ammimba, matenda ammimba komanso ena.

Thiazolidinediones ndi mankhwala omwe ali m'gulu latsopano la mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga mthupi. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe ali mgululi amachita pamulingo wa receptor. Ma receptor omwe amawona izi amachokera pamaselo amafuta ndi minofu.

Kuchita kwa mankhwala ndi ma receptors kungakulitse chidwi cha maselo kuti apange insulin. Thiazolidinediones imapereka kuchepa kwa insulin kukana, komwe kumakulitsa kwambiri kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa shuga. Mankhwalawa amaphatikizidwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la mtima. Kanemayo munkhaniyi apitiliza mutu wa chithandizo cha matenda ashuga.

Zatsopano komanso zothandiza mankhwalawa amtundu wa shuga

Matenda a shuga ndivuto lalikulu kwa onse azachipatala ndi m'chitaganya. Chiwerengero cha milandu chikukula, china chatsopano chikufunika pochiza matenda a shuga 2 mellitus (pano - T2DM), othandiza kwambiri. Matenda amtunduwu amagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa insulin receptors, yomwe imayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa ma cell a pancreatic b ndipo ndiye chizindikiro chachikulu cha matendawa. Koma akatswiri akukhulupirira kuti kusokonezeka kwa mabisles amenewa kungabwezeretsedwe.

Ngakhale kuti chithandizo cha matendawa chimasankhidwa payekhapayekha kwa wodwala aliyense, chifukwa cha njira zachipatala ndikudya komanso zolimbitsa thupi, zotheka. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira zomwe zikuyang'aniridwa ndi chithandizo cha T2DM ndikuchepetsa zoopsa zomwe zingachitike pakuwoneka ndi matenda a mtima, kuti muchepetse zotsatira za kuwonongeka kwa insulin receptors.

Chikhalidwe chokhazikitsidwa pothandizidwa ndi matendawa ndikufuna kuthana ndi zomwe zikubwera. Nthawi zambiri, wodwala amayamba kuthandizidwa ndimankhwala othandizira. Ngati sizikuyenda bwino, ndiye kuti amapereka mankhwala amodzi omwe amachepetsa shuga ndikupitiliza kuwunikira, akuyembekeza kuti akwaniritse chipepeso chokhazikika cha kagayidwe kazachilengedwe. Ngati izi sizingachitike, ndiye kuti pali njira ziwiri: kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe amachepetsa shuga omwe wodwala akutenga kale, kapena kuphatikiza mitundu ingapo ya mankhwalawa. Chithandizo chotere chimakhala kwa miyezi ingapo mpaka zaka zingapo.

Koma kuchedwetsa chithandizo pakanthawi kochepa kumadzichitira zokha. Chifukwa chake, makampani apadziko lonse lapansi adapanga osati mankhwala atsopano omwe awonetsedwa kuti ndi othandiza, komanso njira zamakono zochiritsira T2DM, ndi njira zina zakwaniritsira zolinga za shuga zamagazi, zomwe zimathandiza bwino odwala omwe ali kumapeto kwa matendawa. Kuvomerezedwa kunafikiridwa pa chithandizo cha hyperglycemia mu T2DM.

Njira yotsogola yogwiritsira ntchito shuga yotsitsa shuga sikuti ndiyophweka chabe, kugwiritsa ntchito sikuti kumayendetsedwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amakono, amakono. Makhalidwe enieni adapezeka a glycated hemoglobin, omwe ndi ochepera 7%. Kuisunga pakadali pano kumathandizira kupewa kupewa mavuto a mtima komanso zamitsempha.

Otsutsa amakhulupirira kuti njira imeneyi sichinthu chatsopano, chifukwa mankhwalawa njira, njira ndi njira zotchuka, ndi kuphatikiza kwake kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Koma izi ndi zoyambira, chifukwa njira yothandizira odwala pakokha ndiyatsopano. Zimakhazikitsidwa poti nthawi yomweyo atazindikira kuti T2DM yakhazikitsidwa, posachedwa, mulingo wabwinobwino wamagazi umafikiridwa, ndipo glycemia imakhazikitsidwa ngati ili yabwinobwino kapena kuwonetsa zizindikiro zomwe zili pafupi nayo. Malinga ndi maphunziro atsopano azachipatala, shuga amathandizidwa m'magawo atatu.

Gawo loyamba - Sinthani miyoyo ndikugwiritsa ntchito metformin

Pakadali pano, kufanana kwa njira yatsopano yothandizirana ndi njira zamakhwala kumadabwitsa. Koma chowonadi ndichakuti madotolo omwe amalimbikitsa kudya, kusintha kwa moyo, kusintha kotheka kwa thupi tsiku ndi tsiku, amanyalanyaza kuti ndizovuta kwambiri kuchita izi. Kusintha zizolowezi zakale, zakudya, zomwe wodwalayo adazitsatira kwazaka zambiri, kuyang'ana kwambiri kudziletsa kwa ambiri ndizoposa mphamvu. Izi zimatsogolera ku chidziwitso kuti machiritso mwina samachitika, kapena amapita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono.

Nthawi zambiri, madokotala amangodzikhulupirira kuti wodwalayo akufuna kutsatira malingaliro onse omwe aperekedwa. Komanso ndizowona kuti chakudya chomwe wodwala amayenera kusiya chimamupangitsa kukhala wodalira "narcotic". Ichi ndi chifukwa chachikulu choganizira kuti odwala sakutsatira malangizo a chipatala.

Ndi njira yatsopanoyi, izi zimayang'aniridwa. Chifukwa chake, wodwalayo akangopeza ndi T2DM, amamuika mankhwala monga metformin, poganizira zongowonongera.

Kuti athetse zotsatirapo zake zoyipa, njira yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa imagwiritsidwa ntchito, momwe wodwalayo amawonjezera pang'onopang'ono mlingo wa mankhwalawa pakapita miyezi ingapo, ndikubweretsa gawo labwino kwambiri. Mlingo wotsika wa mankhwala omwe mankhwalawa amayambitsidwa ndi 500 mg. Amatengedwa nthawi 1-2 tsiku lonse ndi chakudya, nthawi zambiri pa kadzutsa ndi chakudya chamadzulo.

Wodwala amatha kudwala matenda am'mimba mkati mwa sabata limodzi. Ngati sichoncho, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawo omwe amwedwa kumawonjezereka ndi 50-100%, ndipo kudya kumapangidwa nthawi ya chakudya.

Koma mu vuto ili, pakhoza kukhala zovuta ndi chiwindi ndi kapamba. Kenako, kumwa mankhwalawo kumachepetsedwa ku mlingo wapitayo ndikuwonjezera pambuyo pake.

Kukhazikika kuti, kutenga 850 mg ya mankhwalawa kawiri pa tsiku, wodwalayo amalandira chithandizo chambiri.

Gawo lachiwiri la chithandizo ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa shuga

Pachigawo choyamba, magazi a wodwalayo amatha kukhala bwinobwino. Koma ngati izi sizikuthandizani, pitani gawo lachiwiri, momwe mumagwiritsidwa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa shuga, kuphatikiza. Izi zimachitika kuti zithandizire insulini komanso kuchepetsa insulin. Palibe malingaliro aliwonse kwa odwala onse pankhaniyi; mankhwalawa amasankhidwa ndikuphatikizidwa mosiyanasiyana kwa wodwala aliyense.

Chowonadi ndi chakuti mankhwalawa amaphatikizidwa poganizira kuti aliyense wa iwo ali ndi njira yosiyana yogwiritsira ntchito thupi. Mankhwala monga insulin, glitazone, sulfonylureas amaphatikizidwa ndi metformin, omwe amagwira ntchito mokwanira kuti awonjezere mphamvu ya insulin, koma zotsatira zake zimayendetsedwa kumankhwala osiyanasiyana amkati.

Ngati pazigawo ziwiri zoyambirira sizinatheke kukwaniritsa glycemia wabwinobwino, ndiye kuti amayamba kuwonjezera kapena kuwonjezera insulin, kapena kuwonjezera wina, mankhwala ochepetsa shuga wachitatu. Dokotala amayenera kupaka kugwiritsa ntchito mita, ndikufotokozera, nthawi ndi kangati momwe angagwiritsire ntchito kuyeza. Mankhwala wachitatu amawonetsedwa ngati mendulo ya glycated hemoglobin ili pansipa 8%.

Mankhwala a insulini, nthawi yayitali insulin imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe imaperekedwa kwa wodwala asanagone. Mlingo wa mankhwalawa umachulukitsidwa pafupipafupi mpaka shuga m'magazi akafika pamwambo. Glycated hemoglobin imayesedwa pakatha miyezi ingapo. Matenda a wodwalayo angafunikire kuti adokotala awonjezere insulin.

Mwa mankhwala omwe ali ndi vuto la hypoglycemic ndipo amatha kuwonjezeredwa ngati lachitatu, pakhoza kukhala izi:

• alpha glycosidase zoletsa - amakhala ndi kuchepetsa shuga wotsika,
• ma glinids ndiokwera mtengo kwambiri
• pramlintide ndi exenatide - zochitika zazing'ono zamankhwala pakugwiritsa ntchito kwawo.

Chifukwa chake, njira yatsopano yoperekera chithandizo cha T2DM ili ndi zosiyana zingapo. Choyamba, pamayambiriro a mankhwalawa, matendawo akangopezeka, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi zakudya zoyenera komanso zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi.

Kachiwiri, zizindikiro zenizeni za hemoglobin ya glycated, zomwe ndizochepera 7%, zimawerengedwa. Chachitatu, gawo lirilonse la chithandizo limakwaniritsa zolinga zenizeni, zomwe zikufotokozedwa zenizeni. Ngati sizikwaniritsidwa, pitani patsogolo.

Kuphatikiza apo, njira yatsopanoyi imapereka chida chofulumira kwambiri komanso kuwonjezera kwa mankhwala omwe amachepetsa shuga. Ngati palibe zoyembekezeredwa zochizira, chithandizo cha insulin kwambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo. Kwa chithandizo chachikhalidwe, kugwiritsa ntchito kwake pamlingowu kumawonedwa koyambirira. Kugwiritsa ntchito kudziyang'anira pawokha ndi gawo la njira yatsopano.

Mankhwala a T2DM, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kumatengera njira yophatikizika yomwe imakhudzanso matendawa.

Kuchiza kumayesedwa ndi dokotala yekha yemwe amamuwona wodwalayo panthawi yonse yomwe akuchira.

Mankhwala amtundu uliwonse wa matenda ovuta ngati amenewo samachotsedwa.

Zatsopano pa matenda a shuga: matekinoloje, njira, mankhwala

Chaka chilichonse, asayansi padziko lonse lapansi amachita kafukufuku wambiri ndi njira zatsopano zochizira matenda ashuga. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kumangowongolera kuwongolera kwa glucose komanso kupewa zovuta. Komabe, asayansi amapanga njira zatsopano zomwe zimathandizira kuchira.

Choyamba, ndikofunikira kukambirana za zomwe zachitika posachedwa komanso momwe zinthu zasinthira pochiza matenda amtundu woyamba 1:

Kuyang'anira shuga kudzera pampu ya 722 Medtronic (video)

Mutha kudziwa zambiri za mtundu wa Medtronic 7 7 pampu kuchokera pa kanema womwe mwapatsidwa chidwi. Imayang'anira shuga, imazindikira mulingo woyipa wa sensor ndi pampu, komanso imakambirana za mawonekedwe:

Maselo owuma mthupi la munthu amapangidwa kuti azikonza ziwalo zowonongeka ndikupanga matenda a carbohydrate metabolism. Mu shuga mellitus, kuchuluka kwa maselo otere kumatsika kwambiri, chifukwa chomwe zovuta zimayamba, ndikupanga insulin yachilengedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, chitetezo cha mthupi chimafooka. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kulipirira kuchuluka komwe kulibe maselo a tsinde. Asayansi a Harvard adaphunzira kukula maselo olimbitsa thupi a ma cell B mu labotale, chifukwa chake insulin yopangidwa moyenera, zimakhala zowonongeka zimapangidwanso komanso chitetezo chokwanira chimalimbikitsidwa.

Kafukufuku wachitika pa mbewa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga. Chifukwa cha kuyesaku, makoswe adachiritsidwa kwathunthu ku matenda oopsawa. Pakadali pano, chithandizo choterechi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Germany, Israel ndi United States of America. Chomwe chimapangidwira ndi kupangika kwa maselo a stem ndikuwayambitsanso thupi la odwala matenda ashuga. Maselo amalumikizana ndi minyewa ya kapamba, yomwe imayang'anira insulin, pambuyo pake timadzi timene timapanga. Chifukwa chake, mlingo ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa mankhwala a insulin amachepetsa, ndipo mtsogolo nthawi zambiri amathetsedwa.

Kugwiritsa ntchito ma cell a tsinde kumakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino machitidwe onse amthupi. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri ku zotupa mu impso, ziwalo zoberekera ndi ubongo.

Kafukufuku waposachedwa wa chithandizo chatsopano cha matenda ashuga ndikuwonjezera mafuta kwamafuta. Njirayi imachepetsa kufunika kwa insulini ndikuthandizira kagayidwe kazakudya. Izi ndichifukwa choti mamolekyulu a glucose adzatengedwa kwambiri ndi ma lipid maselo a mafuta a bulauni. Mafuta awa amapezeka mu nyama zochuluka kwambiri zomwe zimabisala, komanso makanda. Pazaka zambiri, mafuta amatsika m'magulu ambiri, motero ndikofunikira kuti abwezenso. Zofunikira zimaphatikizira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikuwonjezera njira ya metabolic.

Kuyesera koyamba pothira mafuta minofu ya bulauni kunachitika ku University of Vanderbilt mu mbewa. Zotsatira zake, zidapezeka kuti zoposa theka la zoyeserera zomwe adazipeza zidachotsa matenda ashuga. Pakadali pano, palibe amene adalandira chithandizo ichi.

Kupanga kwa insulin kumatengera momwe maselo a B alili. Kuti muchepetse kutupa ndikuletsa kupitirira kwa matendawa, ndikofunikira kusintha molekyu ya DNA. Wasayansi ya Stanford Steinman Lawrence adagwira ntchito imeneyi. Adapanga katemera wobwezeretsanso wotchedwa lawrence steinman. Imachepetsa chitetezo cha mthupi pamlingo wa DNA, chifukwa chake insulin yokwanira imapangidwa.

Kuzindikira kwa katemera ndikoletsa yankho la chitetezo chamthupi. Chifukwa cha zoyesa zaka 2, zidawululidwa kuti ma cell omwe amawononga insulin adachepetsa ntchito yawo. Pambuyo katemera, palibe zoyipa zomwe zimachitika komanso zovuta zomwe zidadziwika. Katemera sanapangidwire kupewa, koma chithandizo.

Masiku ano, madokotala padziko lonse lapansi akupereka njira yosinthira, chifukwa chake ndizotheka kuchiza matenda amtundu wa shuga. Mutha kuyika zinthu izi:

• kapamba, kwathunthu kapena pang'ono,
• maselo a beta
• zilumba za Langerhans,
• gawo la impso
• maselo a tsinde.

Ngakhale zikuwoneka bwino, njirayi ndiyowopsa, ndipo zotsatira zake sizotalika. Chifukwa chake, pambuyo pakuchita opaleshoni, pamakhala ngozi ya zovuta. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga pambuyo pakuchita opaleshoni amatha kuchita popanda insulini kokha kwa zaka 1-2.

Ngati wodwalayo atsimikiza kuchitidwa opaleshoni, ndikofunikira kutsatira malangizo onse a dotolo momwe angathere. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti dokotala azikhala ndi chidziwitso chambiri komanso chidziwitso chochuluka, popeza chithandizo chosasankhidwa bwino cha postoperative (kotero kuti kuphatikiza sikutha) kungapangitse zotsatira zoyipa.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga osadalira insulin, anthu ambiri samayang'ana kwambiri matendawa. Komabe, izi ndizofunikira, popeza mtundu wachiwiri umayamba kukhala woyamba. Ndipo njira zakuchira zimasankhidwa mopitilira muyeso. Masiku ano, pali njira zatsopano zochizira matenda amitundu iwiri.

Nambala ya 1. Zipangizo zatsopano Magnetoturbotron zimaphatikizapo chithandizo kudzera pakukhudzidwa ndi maginito. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo sawachotsa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda a shuga a 2. Pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizochi, mutha kuchiritsa osati matenda a shuga okha, komanso kuthana ndi mavuto ena ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kulimbitsa dongosolo lozungulira, lomwe ndilofunika kwambiri kwa matenda ashuga.

Mkati mwa kukhazikitsa, maginito amapangidwa, omwe amangotuluka nthawi zonse. Izi zimasinthasintha pafupipafupi, liwiro komanso kayendedwe kazungulira. Izi zimapangitsa kuti athe kusintha momwe amayendera kupita ku matenda enaake. Kuchita izi kumadalira pakupanga minda ya vortex mthupi, yomwe imalowa mkati mwa minofu yakuya kwambiri. Njirayi imatenga mphindi zosachepera 5 pasiti yoyamba. Nthawi yowonjezereka imawonjezeka ndimphindi zochepa. Zokwanira kungodutsa magawo 15. Zotsatira zimatha kuchitika pakumwa komanso pambuyo pake kwa mwezi umodzi.

Chida chachiwiri. Kalelo mu 2009, kafukufuku adayamba pa njira yothetsera matenda a shuga. Mpaka pano, zoyesa zambiri zachitika zomwe zapereka zotsatira zabwino. Chifukwa chake, cryosauna imagwiritsidwa ntchito kale ngati mankhwala.

Njirayi imatengera kukhudzana ndi mpweya wa cryogenic wokhala ndi kutentha kochepa. Panthawi yonseyi, wodwalayo amaikidwa mu cryosauna yapadera, pomwe mpweya ndi nayitrogeni zimaperekedwa. Kutentha kumachepa pang'onopang'ono ndipo kumangokhala ndi mphindi ndi theka. Kutalika kwa njirayi ndi 3 maminiti okwanira.

Kuwonetsedwa kotere kuzizira kumayambitsa kuchepetsedwa ndi kukulitsa kwamitsempha yamagazi ndikuwonjezera kugwira ntchito kwa mathero amitsempha, ziwalo zamkati. Izi zimalimbikitsa kukonzanso kwamaselo ndikusinthanso kwa maselo owonongeka.

Pambuyo pa cryotherapy, maselo amthupi amazindikira insulin ngati munthu wathanzi. Izi zimatheka chifukwa chofulumira komanso kukonza njira zonse za metabolic - chakudya, mafuta, michere ndi zina zotero.

Chida chachitatu. Chithandizo cha laser tsopano chikugwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi konsekonse. Mankhwalawa amtundu wa matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, zida zama cellum zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa chomwe laser imatumizidwa kumalo osokoneza bongo a kapamba.

Amagwiritsa ntchito ma radiation ya pulsed, infrared, maginito ndi kukoka ndi kuwala kofiira. Kutulutsa kumalowerera mkati mwa zigawo zazing'ono zam'mimba ndi maselo, ndikuwakakamiza kuti azigwira ntchito mwamphamvu. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa insulin kumachulukanso. Zotsatira zake, mankhwala ochepetsa shuga amachepetsa.

About njira zochizira matenda ashuga opaleshoni ya laparoscopic, mutha kuphunzira kuchokera pa kanema:

Posachedwa, asayansi akukonda kwambiri malingaliro akuti kugwiritsa ntchito fiber mu shuga ndikofunikira. Makamaka ngati matendawa akuphatikizidwa ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Monotherapy nthawi zonse imasonyezedwa kwa kupatsa mphamvu kwa metabolism. Chifukwa chakuti mbewu cellulose imachepetsa kuchuluka kwa glucose omwe amalowetsa m'matumbo, shuga yamagazi imachepetsedwa. Feature - fiber iyenera kudyedwa pamodzi ndi zovuta zamafuta.

Pazithandizo zina zamatenda a 2 mtundu, werengani apa.

Chaka chilichonse, mankhwala atsopano amapangidwa pofuna kuchiza matenda a shuga. Ena mwa iwo sachita kafukufuku wa zamankhwala, pomwe ena, mmalo mwake, amakhala opanikizika. Koma mankhwala osokoneza bongo amasiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wa shuga.

1. Lantus SoloStar amatanthauza insulin. Imakamizidwa pang'onopang'ono, zotsatira zimatha maola 24. Zimapangidwa ndi kampani ya Sanofi-Aventis.
2. "Humulin NPH" ndi m'badwo watsopano wa insulin. Imalola kuwongolera kwakukulu kwa shuga.
3. "Humulin M3" Amawerengera ngati analogue yamankhwala am'mbuyomu, momwe amatha kwa maola 15.

1. DPP-4 inhibitor (dipeptidyl peptidase-4). Chofunikira chachikulu ndi sitagliptin. Imatsitsa shuga m'magazi pokhapokha pamimba yopanda kanthu, ndiye kuti m'mimba muli ndi njala. Woimira wotchuka ndiye mankhwalawo Januvia. Zotsatira zimatha tsiku. Amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito kunenepa kwambiri nthawi iliyonse. Chowonjezereka ndikuchepetsa kwa glycated hemoglobin ndipo mkhalidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito amaselo amapezeka bwino.
2. GLP-1 inhibitor (glucagon-polypeptide). Kuchita izi kumadalira pakupanga insulini, yomwe imachepetsa shuga ya magazi ndikuletsa kukula kwa glucagon, komwe kumalepheretsa insulini kuti isungunuke shuga. Chachilendo cha gululi ndikuti hypoglycemia siinayambike, popeza pambuyo pokhazikika pakukhazikika kwa magazi m'magazi, mankhwalawo amaleka kuchitapo kanthu (kuchepetsa kwambiri shuga). Itha kumwa mankhwala onenepa kwambiri komanso mankhwala ena. Zotsalira zake ndi jakisoni wa GLP-1 receptor agonists ndi insulin. Mwa mankhwala odziwika amatha kudziwika Galvus ndi Onglizu.
3. GLP-1 receptor agonists zimakhudzana ndi mahomoni omwe amawonetsa ma cell a pancreatic okhudza kufunika kopanga insulin. Kukonzekera kumapangitsanso maselo owonongeka a B ndikuchepetsa kumverera kwanjala, chifukwa chake amalimbikitsidwa kuti azinenepa kwambiri. Kuti mankhwalawa azikhala nthawi yayitali, ndikosayenera kudya chakudya kwa maola angapo, chifukwa chakudya chimawononga zinthu zomwe zimagwira. M'malo agonists m'malo mwamankhwala.: "Baeta" ndi Victoza.
4. Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitorss. Chochitikacho chikufuna kupewa kutembenuka kwa chakudya kukhala shuga. Pachifukwa ichi, mankhwala amatengedwa mukatha kudya. Ndi zoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito limodzi ndi mankhwala "Metformin".Mankhwala otchuka: Diastabol ndi Glucobay.

Anthu ambiri amakayikira njira zatsopano zoperekera matenda ashuga ndi mankhwala obwera kumene. Komabe, lingaliroli ndi lolakwika, chifukwa asayansi padziko lonse lapansi akuyesera kupeza njira yabwino komanso yothandiza kwambiri yothetsera matenda ashuga. Kuphatikiza apo, njira zonse ndi mankhwalawa zimayendetsedwa kubwezeretsa maselo a beta ndikupanga insulin yawo yomwe.

1. 
   Danilova, N. shuga. Njira zamankhwala achikhalidwe komanso njira zina (+ DVD-ROM) / N. Danilova. - M: Vector, 2010 .-- 224 p.
2. 
   Danilova, Natalya Andreevna Shuga. Njira zobwezera ndi kusunga moyo wokangalika / Danilova Natalya Andreevna. - M: Vector, 2012 .-- 662 c.
3. 
   Tsyb, A.F. Radioiodine mankhwala a thyrotoxicosis / A.F. Tsyb, A.V. Dreval, P.I. Garbuzov. - M: GEOTAR-Media, 2009. - 160 p.
4. Serov V.N., Prilepskaya V.N., Ovsyannikova T.V. Gynecological endocrinology, MEDpress-inform - M., 2015. - 512 p.
5. Krashenitsa G.M. Mankhwala othandizira a shuga. Stavropol, Stavropol Book Publishing House, 1986, masamba 109, kufalitsidwa makope 100,000.

Ndiloleni ndidziwitse. Dzina langa ndi Elena. Ndakhala ndikugwira ntchito ya endocrinologist kwa zaka zoposa 10. Ndikukhulupirira kuti pakadali pano ndili katswiri pantchito yanga ndipo ndikufuna kuthandiza alendo onse omwe amapezeka pamalowo kuti athetse zovuta osati ntchito. Zinthu zonse za tsambalo amazisonkhanitsa ndikuzikonza mosamala kuti athe kufotokoza zambiri zofunikira. Musanagwiritse ntchito zomwe zikufotokozedwa pa webusaitiyi, kufunsana ndi akatswiri ndizofunikira nthawi zonse.