Zomwe Zimayambitsa Madzi Akuluakulu a shuga

Ndizotheka kuganiza kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kwachuluka (kapena, molondola kwambiri, mulingo wa glycemia) malinga ndi zizindikiro izi:

• ludzu losatha
• ziume zopaka ndi khungu,
• kukodza kwambiri, kuyenda maulendo angapo kuchimbudzi, makamaka usiku, osavulala.
• mkodzo ndi wopepuka, wowonekera,
• kulemera kapena, mosiyana,
• kulakalaka
• kulimbitsa khungu kosalekeza,
• chizungulire
• kusakhazikika
• zosokoneza, kugona mkati mwa tsiku, kunachepa kugwira ntchito.

Chizindikiro chosadziwika cha hyperglycemia ndimatenda a kwamikodzo pafupipafupi, makamaka mwa azimayi. Zizolowezi zamatenda oyamba ndi pakhungu, kumaliseche, mucosa wamkamwa amadziwikanso ngati chizindikiro cha shuga.

Mwazi wokwera wamagazi ndi mkodzo amagwira ntchito monga gawo logulitsa microflora ya pathogenic. Pachifukwa ichi, microflora ya pathogenic imachulukitsa m'magazi, ndichifukwa chake matenda opatsirana amakula pafupipafupi shuga akamatuluka.

Zizindikiro za hyperglycemia zimachitika chifukwa chakutha kwa thupi, zomwe zimapangidwa chifukwa cha kuthekera kwa molekyu ya glucose kumanga madzi.

Glucose, pomanga mamolekyulu amadzi, maselo am'madzi am'madzi, ndipo munthu amafunikiranso kubwezeretsa madzi. Chizindikiro choperewera cha hyperglycemia chimachitika ndendende kuchokera kumadzi.

Kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kwamadzi kulowa mkati mwa hyperglycemia kumawonjezera katundu pamitsempha yamagazi ndi mitsempha yamagazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale matenda oopsa.

Kuthamanga kwa magazi, kumapangitsa kuti pang'onopang'ono, liwononge makoma amitsempha yamagazi, ndikuthandizira kuti asamveke bwino, kumapangitsa maziko a mawonekedwe a atherosselotic plaques ndi kuwundana kwa magazi.

Magazi

Ndi shuga wowonjezereka, magazi amakhala ochulukirapo, ma glycation (glycosylation) amapanga momwemo, kuphatikiza shuga ndi mapuloteni, lipids, ndi mawonekedwe ake omwe amapezeka popanda kutenga ma enzymes.

Mlingo wa glycation umangotengera kuchuluka kwa shuga. Nthawi zambiri, mwa munthu wathanzi, njira za glycation zimachitika, koma pang'onopang'ono kwambiri.

Ndi hyperglycemia, njira ya glycation imathandizira kwambiri. Glucose amalumikizana ndi maselo ofiira a m'magazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale maselo ofiira a m'magazi omwe amakhala ndi mpweya wabwino mokwanira kuposa maselo ofiira a magazi.

Kutsika kwa kayendedwe kabwino ka kayendedwe ka okosijeni kumabweretsa kusowa kwa chinthu ichi mu ubongo, mtima. Ndipo chifukwa cha kukwera kwamphamvu kwa magazi ndi kusintha m'mitsempha yamagetsi, pamakhala chowopseza chotupa cha magazi, chomwe chimachitika ndimikwingwirima ndi mtima.

Glycation wa leukocytes kumabweretsa kuti magwiridwe antchito amachepa. Chifukwa chakuti shuga wambiri angachulukane, zochitika za chitetezo cha mthupi zimachepa, chifukwa chake mabala onse amachira pang'onopang'ono.

Chifukwa chiyani kulemera kumasintha?

Kulemera kwambiri kumadziwika ndi matenda ashuga 2. Matendawa amapezeka pamene wodwala akukhala ndi metabolic syndrome - chikhalidwe chomwe kunenepa kwambiri, hyperglycemia, ndi atherosulinosis zimaphatikizidwa.

Matenda a shuga osagwirizana ndi insulin 2 amayamba chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chidwi cha minofu, makamaka minofu, ma insulin receptors. Maselo omwe ali ndi matendawa samalandira zakudya, ngakhale shuga m'magazi amakhala okwera, ndiye chifukwa chake munthu amakhala ndi chidwi chambiri.

Ndi matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin, kuwonda kwambiri kumawonedwa, komwe kumakhala chizindikiro cha kuchuluka kwa glucose osawerengeka.

Ngati muchepa thupi kwakanthawi ndi makilogalamu angapo, muyenera kukaonana ndi dokotala, chifukwa kusintha kulemera kumeneku ndi chizindikiro cha kudwala thupi.

Shuga wamagazi akamatuluka

Kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi kumachitika chifukwa:

• zokhudza thupi - ntchito yam'manja yolimbikitsidwa, kupsinjika kwa malingaliro,
• kudya kwambiri
• matenda.

Zolakwika zam'thupi zimachitika pamene kumwa kwa glucose kumakwera kwambiri. Mphamvu zomwe zimasungidwa mu chakudya zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwa munthu wathanzi lokhala ndi minyewa, chifukwa chake shuga m'magazi amakwera pantchito yolimbitsa thupi.

Kutulutsidwa kwa ma adrenaline ndi mahomoni ena opsinjika omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kupweteka, kuwotcha, kumathandizanso ku hyperglycemia. Kuchulukitsa kwa adrenaline, cortisol, norepinephrine kumathandizira:

• kumasulidwa kwa shuga osungidwa ndi chiwindi monga glycogen,
• inapita patsogolo kapangidwe ka insulin ndi shuga.

Kuwonjezeka kwa insulin m'magazi chifukwa cha kupsinjika kumayambanso chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa insulin receptors pa hyperglycemia. Chifukwa cha izi, chidwi cha minofu kufikira insulini chimachepa, ndipo ma cell a thupi samalandira glucose omwe amafunikira, ngakhale ndizokwanira mu magazi.

Shuga amatha kumuka mwa munthu wathanzi kuchokera ku kusuta, chifukwa chikonga chimapangitsa kupanga mahomoni a cortisol ndi mahomoni okula, chifukwa chake hyperglycemia m'magazi imayamba.

Mwa akazi, shuga wowonjezera amadziwika msambo usanayambe. Pa nthawi ya pakati, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumawonedwanso nthawi zina, komwe kumayambitsa matenda osokoneza bongo, omwe amangochitika pakangobadwa mwana.

Zomwe zimayambitsa shuga wambiri mwa akazi zimatha kukhala kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa kubereka kapena othandizira ena. Hyperglycemia imachitika chifukwa chotenga corticosteroids, mankhwala a beta-blocker, thiazide diuretics, rituximab, antidepressants.

Mwa abambo ndi amayi, kusachita ntchito kumatha kuyambitsa shuga m'magazi.

Selo la minofu poyankha zochitika zolimbitsa thupi limapanga njira yowonjezereka yogwira shuga m'magazi popanda kutenga insulin. Palibe zochitika zolimbitsa thupi, njira yochepetsera mseru wa glycemia siimakhudzidwa.

Ndi matenda ati omwe amayambitsa hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia imawonedwa osati mu shuga. Shuga wamagazi amatuluka m'matenda ogwirizana ndi ziwalo, momwe:

• gwiritsani ntchito zakudya zamafuta ndi mafuta,
• anti-mahomoni olimbitsa thupi ndi insulin amapangidwa.

Mwazi wamagazi ambiri umagwirizana ndi matenda:

• matenda a chiwindi osachiritsika
• matenda a impso
• kapamba - kapamba, zotupa, cystic fibrosis, hemochromatosis,
• dongosolo la endocrine - acromegaly, Cushing's syndrome, somatostatinoma, pheochromocytoma, thyrotoxicosis, kunenepa kwambiri,
• Wernicke encephalopathy yoyambitsidwa ndi vitamini B1,
• acanthosis wakuda,
• pachimake zinthu - stroko, myocardial infarction, mtima kugunda, kuukira kwa khunyu, nthawi pambuyo opaleshoni pamimba.

Shuga wapamwamba amadziwika ndi mikhalidwe pamene ikuyika pangozi. Odwala omwe adavomerezedwa kumalo osamalira odwala kwambiri, hyperglycemia imadziwika.

Matenda a kapamba

Chikhansa ndiye chiwalo chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa shuga m'magazi. Amapanga mahomoni a insulin ndi glucagon, ndipo kapamba amayendetsedwa ndi pituitary ndi hypothalamus.

Nthawi zambiri, ndi shuga wambiri, insulin imapangidwa, ndikupangitsa kuti magazi a shuga athe. Izi zimapangitsa kutsika kwake.

Ndi pathologies a kapamba, ntchito yake imagwira, zomwe zimayambitsa kuchepa kwa insulin. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa timadzi ta m'magazi, shuga m'magazi amakwera.

Matenda a Endocrine

Mwa munthu wathanzi, kuchuluka kwa maholingo m'thupi kumawongolera shuga.

Insulin imayambitsa kutsika shuga, ndipo mahomoni ogwirizana ndi omwe ali ndi udindo wokweza zomwe zili:

• kapamba - glucagon,
• gren adrenal - testosterone, cortisol, adrenaline,
• chithokomiro - chithokomiro,
• pituitary gland - kukula kwa mahomoni.

Kuchokera pakugwira ntchito molakwika kwa ziwalo za endocrine, kuwonjezereka kwa kupanga kwa mahomoni opanga, komwe kumakweza shuga.

Ammonin imathandizira pakuwongolera glycemia, yomwe imachepetsa kuthamanga kwa shuga kuchokera mu chakudya kupita m'magazi. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chachedwetsa kuchotsa mkati mwake m'mimba.

Momwemonso, mwa kuchepetsa kuyamwa kwam'mimba, mahomoni a insretin. Gulu la zinthu limapangidwa m'matumbo ndikuchepetsa kuyamwa kwa shuga.

Ngati ntchito ya m'modzi mwa mahomoni yasokonekera, ndiye kuti kupatuka kwazomwe zimachitika mu ntchito ya endocrine kumachitika, ndipo pakalibe kuwongolera kapena chithandizo, matendawa amakula.

Kuphwanya komwe kumayambitsidwa chifukwa cha kupatuka kwa mahomoni ndi monga:

• wachibale hyperglycemia,
• Somoji syndrome
• m'mawa hyperglycemia.

Hyperglycemia wothandizirana ndi mkhalidwe womwe umayamba ndi kuchepa kwa insulin ndikupanga kuchuluka kwa cortisol, glucagon, adrenaline. Kuchuluka kwa shuga kumachitika usiku ndipo kumatha m'mawa poyeza shuga pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Usiku, matenda a Somoji amatha - mkhalidwe womwe shuga yayikulu imayambitsa kutulutsa kwa insulin, komanso hypoglycemia yomwe imayamba kuyankha imathandizira kupanga mahomoni opangira shuga.

Zotsatira za kupanga kwa mahomoni pa glycemia

M'mawa kwambiri, ana amatenga shuga chifukwa chachulukidwe cha mahomoni somatostatin, omwe amachititsa kuti chiwindi chiziwonjezera kupanga shuga.

Kuchulukitsa glycemia pakuwonjezera kupanga kwa cortisol. Kuchuluka kwa mahomoni awa kumathandizira kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni am'mimba kukhala amino acid, ndikuthandizira mapangidwe a shuga kuchokera kwa iwo.

Kuchita kwa adrenaline kumawonetsedwa pakuthamanga kwa ntchito yamagulu onse amthupi. Izi zimapangidwa pakukula kwa chilengedwe ndipo ndizofunikira kuti mupulumuke.

Kuwonjezeka kwa adrenaline m'magazi nthawi zonse kumayendetsedwa ndi shuga wambiri, chifukwa, ngati kuli koyenera, amapanga zisankho ndikuchita mwachangu, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kumawonjezeka mu cell iliyonse yamthupi nthawi zambiri.

Matenda a chithokomiro

Kuwonongeka kwa chithokomiro cha chithokomiro kumayendetsedwa ndi kuphwanya kagayidwe kazakudya ndi hyperglycemia. Vutoli limayambitsidwa ndi kuchepa pakupanga mahomoni a chithokomiro.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero, pafupifupi 60% ya odwala omwe ali ndi chithokomiro cha matenda am'mimba amalephera kuloza glucose kapena zizindikiro za matenda ashuga. Kuwonetsedwa kwa matenda ashuga ndi hypothyroidism ndi ofanana.

Ndi machiritso osavomerezeka a mabala, kusweka, ndikofunikira kuti muwone chifukwa chake zizindikirazi sizizindikiro kuti shuga ya magazi a mayi imakwera chifukwa cha hypothyroidism.

Somatostatin

Pancreatic chotupa cha somatostatin ndimadzi ogwira ntchito ndipo amatulutsa mahomoni somatostatin. Madzi ena owonjezera amapanga insulin, chifukwa chake shuga amatuluka m'magazi, ndipo shuga imayamba.

Kuwonjezeka kwa shuga wamagazi ndi kuwonjezeka kwa somatostatin kumayendera limodzi ndi zizindikiro:

• kuwonda
• kutsegula m'mimba
• steatorrhea - chimbudzi ndi ndowe zamafuta,
• acidity yotsika yam'mimba.

Wernicke Encephalopathy

Shuga wamagazi amatha kuwonjezereka ndi Wernicke encephalopathy. Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa vitamini B1, komwe kumawonetsedwa ndi kuphwanya gawo la ubongo ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Kusowa kwa Vitamini B1 kumapangitsa kuti maselo amitsempha ayambe kuyamwa. Kuphwanya kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa shuga, kenako, kumawonetsedwa ndi kuchuluka kwake m'magazi.

Zotsatira za hyperglycemia

Njira zowonongeka kwambiri zomwe zimayamba ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi zimawonekera m'magazi. Zowonongeka zambiri zimayambitsidwa ndi shuga wambiri m'matumbo omwe amafunikira magazi ambiri, chifukwa chake ubongo, maso, ndi impso zimavutika.

Kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya zaubongo ndi minofu ya mtima kumayambitsa kukanthidwa ndi kugunda kwa mtima, kuwonongeka kwa retina - kuwonongeka. Vuto la mtima mwa amuna limayambitsa zovuta ndi erection.

Njira yochepetsetsa kwambiri ya impso. Kuwonongeka kwa capillaries kwa aimpso glomeruli kumabweretsa kulephera kwa impso, komwe kumawopseza moyo wa wodwalayo.

Zotsatira za shuga wambiri zimaphatikizira kuchepa kwa mitsempha, kusokonezeka kwa zochitika muubongo, polyneuropathy yokhala ndi zotupa zakumapeto kwake ndikupanga phazi la matenda ashuga komanso nkono wa matenda ashuga.