Matenda A shuga: Wopha Zaka Zam'ma 2000

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda oopsa komanso oopsa, choncho muyenera kuwongolera nthawi zonse, kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa thupi. Wodwalayo amatha kumva zizindikilo zambiri - izi ndimakokedwe pafupipafupi, kutopa, kuchepa thupi msanga, kumva ludzu pafupipafupi. Ndi zizindikiro zoyambirira, ndikofunika kuyang'ana nthawi yomweyo, apo ayi pakhoza kukhala zotsatirapo zovuta m'thupi lonse.

Munkhaniyi tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane kuti matenda ashuga ndi otani, nanga owopsa pamoyo wa anthu ndi thanzi lawo ndi ati.

Kodi shuga

Thupi laumunthu limafunafuna glucose nthawi zonse, popeza ndi gawo lomwe limayenera kutenga gawo mu metabolism yomwe imapezeka m'maselo. Ngati pali insulin yokwanira mthupi, ndiye kuti palibe mavuto omwe amabwera, ndipo maselo amatulutsa mphamvu zokwanira.

Ngati kapamba sakugwirizana ndi kupanga kwa mahomoni, ndiye kuti shuga imayamba kukula. Akatswiri amagawa matendawa m'mitundu iwiri:

1. Zimadalira insulini pamene thupi silitha kupanga mahomoni ake.
2. Insulin-yodziyimira payokha, kapamba akabisa insulin pang'ono, koma maselo amthupi sangathe kuvomereza pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana.

Mulimonsemo, ndikusowa kwa mahomoni, amayenera kuyambitsidwa mthupi mochita kupanga. Iyi ndi njira yokhayo yomwe ziwalo zaumunthu zitha kugwira ntchito popanda zolephera.

Momwe mungazindikire matenda ashuga koyambirira

Matenda omwe akufotokozedwawa amatha kuzindikiridwa ndi zizindikiro zoyambirira:

1. Kukodza pafupipafupi.
2. Kuuma kwa mucous nembanemba mkamwa, komwe kumakhala kosalekeza.
3. Kuchepetsa thupi kapena mosinthanitsa mopitirira muyeso.
4. Chizungulire komanso kumva kufooka thupi lonse.
5. Kununkhira kwa acetone kuchokera mkamwa.
6. Pafupipafupi matenda a virus.
7. Kuchiritsa pang'onopang'ono kwa mabala.

Ngati pali zizindikiro zingapo nthawi imodzi, muyenera kufunafuna chithandizo cha akatswiri ndikudutsa mayeso ofunikira kuti mupeze matendawa.

Zowopsa Zaumoyo

Wodwala akakhala ndi vuto kwa nthawi yayitali, matendawa sangayambitse zovuta zina. Njira zoyipa zikayamba mthupi, ndiye kuti zonse zitha kubwezeretsedwa kumalo awo. Kuti tichite izi, ndikwanira kusintha momwe mulingo umapangidwira, koma umakhala wogwira poyambira matenda.

Kukweza shuga ku milingo yovuta kwambiri kumakhudza kugwira ntchito kwa mitsempha yamagazi, chifukwa imapereka magazi ku ziwalo zofunika. Impso ndi mtima ndizovuta za chiwindi. Ziwalo zamaso ndi miyendo zimavutika. Nthawi zambiri, anthu odwala amakhala ndi mikwingwirima, matenda amtima, khungu, ndipo amuna amatha kudwala.

Mitundu iwiri ya zovuta za shuga

Dokotala adzazindikira wodwalayo zovuta zingapo nthawi imodzi, koma makamaka amagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri:

1. Mavuto acute omwe amachitika mwadzidzidzi chifukwa chakuchepa kapena kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi.
2. Mavuto okhalitsa omwe amapezeka pang'onopang'ono pakapita nthawi. Mawonekedwe a matendawa amayenda ndi shuga wambiri m'magazi.

Monga lamulo, nthawi zambiri anthu amayamba kulabadira matenda pamene pachimake matenda amatenga, koma pankhaniyi thupi limatha kukhala litatsala pang'ono kufa. Ganizirani mwatsatanetsatane zovuta zomwe zimachitika mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Kodi chiwopsezo cha nthawi choterechi ndi chiani m'miyoyo yawo?

1. Hypoglycemic coma imatha kuchitika. Izi zimachitika pamene kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatsika kwambiri, ndipo simungathe kukweza msanga. Vutoli limatha kupangitsa kuti munthu azimwa kwambiri kapena azichita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Kuzindikira hypoglycemic kulibe kovuta kwa wina aliyense - wodwalayo akuwonetsa chisokonezo, akunjenjemera m'manja ndi miyendo, thukuta limawoneka ndikusokoneza kumva kwamphamvu kwa njala. Mutha kuyesa kusintha momwe munthu alili pogwiritsa ntchito madzi okoma kapena madzi.
2. Ketoacidotic chikomokere zimawoneka ngati zotsatira za ketoacidosis. Ndi zovuta za metabolic, matupi a ketone amatha kudziunjikira m'magazi, ndipo kuphatikizika uku kumayendetsedwa ndi kugona kosalekeza komanso kufooka thupi lonse.
3. Lactic acid coma imayendera limodzi ndi zovuta pakugwira ntchito kwa impso, chiwindi, mtima, ndi lactic acid imayamba kudziunjikira m'thupi. Kapamba amavutika kwambiri.

Mavuto aliwonsewa amafunikira wodwalayo kuchipatala.

Mavuto aakulu

Matenda a shuga amatha kupezeka motere:

1. Retinopathy imayamba, pomwe wodwalayo amatha kukhala wakhungu kwathunthu.
2. Impso zimakhudzidwa pang'onopang'ono. Mankhwala, matendawa amatchedwa nephropathy.
3. Matendawa amatha. Mu terminology yamankhwala pali chinthu chotchedwa "phazi la matenda ashuga". Mwachilengedwe, munthu amakhala ndi zovuta.
4. Encephalopathy imafalikira ku ubongo.
5. Mu ziwalo zamkati, mathero a mitsempha amatha kuwonongeka. Vutoli limatchedwa neuropathy.
6. Ndi matenda osachiritsika, mafupa ndi mafupa amawonongeka.
7. Matenda a mtima amapezeka.

Mavuto onsewa atha kupewedwa mosavuta ngati, pakapita nthawi, mukatembenukira kwa katswiri yemwe amakupatseni mankhwala. Adzatha kusamalira thupi la wodwalayo moyenera.

Kodi phazi la matenda ashuga limawoneka bwanji?

Chifukwa chakuti minofu ya phazi la wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga sangalandire zakudya zoyenera, njira zosasinthika zimakhalamo. Monga lamulo, poyamba abrasions kapena ming'alu iliyonse imayamba kukhala zilonda zam'mimba, kenako amapunduka ndikukula. Zinthu zotsatirazi zimayambitsa vuto:

1. Kulemera kwambiri kwa thupi.
2. Kuthamanga kwa magazi.
3. Kuzolowera zizolowezi zoyipa.

Phazi la matenda ashuga ndilo chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda ashuga, chifukwa pamapeto pake zimapangitsa kuti mathero amphepete. Ngati mungayang'anire izi pang'onopang'ono ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zotsatirazi, ndiye kuti zonsezi zitha kupewedwa:

1. Osamavala nsapato zolimba kwambiri.
2. Yesetsani kuti musapukute miyendo yanu.
3. Chitani mosamala ndi ma piritsi.
4. Sambani mapazi anu tsiku lililonse m'madzi ofunda.

Njira zopewera zoterezi zimatheka mosavuta, chifukwa chake, wodwalayo sayenera kukhala ndi zovuta zilizonse.

Kuopsa kwa polyneuropathy

Mapeto a mitsempha ya munthu amayenera kulandila nthawi zonse mpweya wokwanira, ndipo ndi shuga wowonjezereka zimatha kubweretsa zovuta zazikulu. Tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane kuopsa kwa matenda a shuga ndi polyneuropathy. Choyamba, wodwalayo ayenera kulabadira zizindikiro zotere:

1. Kupweteka kwambiri m'miyendo.
2. Minofu ya mwendo m'dera la ng'ombe imakhala ndi kukokana.
3. Kumverera konyansa kumawonekera mu zala.
4. Pali kwamikodzo kugona.
5. Matendawa opanda chifukwa.
6. Masomphenya akuipiraipira.
7. Pali mavuto ndi zolankhula.
8. Sizovuta kuti munthu amame.

Polyneuropathy imatha kudziwonetsa mosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, zizindikiro zimatha kuthana ndi ntchito zamagalimoto a munthu. Kenako wodwalayo amalephera kumva kutentha kusintha, ndipo ngakhale ataphwanya kwambiri khungu la miyendo, samamva kupweteka.

Mankhwala, pali zinthu monga "kudziyimira payekha polyneuropathy." Potere, wodwalayo amamva chizungulire champhamvu, ndipo pang'onopang'ono amayamba kuchita khungu m'maso mwake. Mwachilengedwe, popanda kulandira mpweya wokwanira, ziwalozo zimayamba kugwira ntchito mosinthana. Choyamba, chiwindi chimadwala matenda a shuga, zotsatira zoyipa zimakhudzanso impso ndi mtima.

Ngozi ndi retinopathy

Ndi nthawi yayitali ya matendawa, mwachitsanzo, ngati wodwalayo akhala ndi vutoli kwa zaka makumi awiri, zotsatira zake zimakhala zosatsimikizika. Monga lamulo, pali zovuta ndi masomphenya, koma zinthu zina zimathanso kuwonetsa kuwonekera kwa zovuta:

1. Mwazi wamagazi ambiri umakhala wofanana nthawi yayitali.
2. Wodwala ali ndi matenda ena a impso.
3. Kukhalapo kwa zizolowezi zoyipa.
4. Kuthamanga kwa magazi.
5. Makamaka.
6. Zaka za wodwala.

Kungotengera chitsanzo cha retinopathy, ndizotheka kulingalira mwatsatanetsatane chifukwa chake shuga imakhala yoopsa m'mitsempha yamagazi.

Chowonadi ndi chakuti mitsempha yamagazi imayamba kutaya umphumphu, chifukwa chake, amasiya kudyetsa bwino retina. Poyamba, ma capillaries amakhudzidwa, kenako mumakhala zotupa m'mimba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu asamaonenso.

Matenda a shuga mwa amuna

Ngakhale azimayi amadwala kwambiri matenda ashuga, zotsatira zake zimakhala zowopsa kwa kugonana kwamphamvu. Onani mwatsatanetsatane zomwe zili zowopsa kwa amuna omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Chowonadi ndi chakuti matendawa amakhudza kwambiri gawo logonana. Izi zitha kuchitika m'milandu yotsatirayi:

• pachimake kwamikodzo
• kutaya tsitsi
• kutukusira kwa maliseche
• Kuchepetsa thupi kapena kunenepa kwambiri,
• kupanikizika
• kumva kuyabwa m'dera louma,
• kupezeka kwa kusabala.

Zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha matenda ashuga zimatha kuyambitsa kubereka komanso kulephera kubereka.

Ngozi kwa thupi la mwana

Matenda a shuga kwa ana amawonedwa kuti ndi owopsa, chifukwa ndi amtundu woyamba, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti matendawa ndi oopsa. Mwana wocheperako amatha kupatuka motere:

1. Mwanayo atha kuchepa ndikukula.
2. Chiwindi cha mwana chimakulitsidwa.
3. Mkozo imatulutsidwa zochuluka.
4. Kunenepa kwambiri kumayamba.
5. Poizoni wa Ketone amatha kudziwika nthawi zambiri.

Ngati makolo sachita chidwi ndi zinthu zambiri, matendawa amakhalanso amisala. Kholo lililonse liyenera kudziwa kuti kuopsa kwa shuga kumakhala bwanji kwa mwana. Makamaka akuyenera kulipidwa ku zipsinjo zake zamakhalidwe ndi machitidwe, chifukwa ichi ndi chizindikiro china chofunikira cha matendawa mu ana.

Kodi matenda ashuga ndi owopsa kwa amayi apakati?

Matenda a shuga ndi oopsa sikuti kwa mkazi, komanso kwa mwana yemwe wam'bereka. Matendawa akadziwoneka pokhapokha ngati ali ndi pakati, ndiye kuti chilichonse chitha kutha. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kukula kwa shuga m'magazi kumatha kukhudza mkhalidwe wa mwana wosabadwayo, ndipo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma pathologies imakula pa mwana wosabadwayo. Tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane zomwe shuga imakhala yoopsa kwa amayi apakati komanso mwana wosabadwa pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya pakati.

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, koyambirira, mkazi akhoza kungotaya, koma kutenga mochedwa kumayesedwa nthawi yowopsa kwambiri, chifukwa kuwonjezera shuga kumatha kupititsa patsogolo kukula kwa fetal. Ngati madotolo amatha kupulumutsa moyo wa mwana, ndiye kuti muyenera kuyang'anira kuti pambuyo pobadwa, mwa ana otere, nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa glucose kumatsikira mpaka kukhala ovuta.

Zonsezi zitha kukhala zotsatira za kagayidwe kosayenera panthawi yapakati. Sitikukayika kuti zovuta zapakati zimatha. Amayi omwe adakumana ndi matenda ashuga gestational pomwe kulemera kwa mwana anali 4 kg pa nthawi yoyamba kubadwa ayenera kusamala.

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda omwe amafunikira chisamaliro chapadera kuchokera kwa wodwala. Munthu akamaona msanga kusintha kulikonse mthupi mwake komwe kumatha kuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, m'pamenenso amapewanso zovuta zomwe zanenedwa pamwambapa.

Kodi tanthauzo la shuga ndi lotani?

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda amtundu wa m'magazi omwe shuga ya magazi imangokulirakulira chifukwa cha kusowa kwathunthu kapena insulin - mahomoni a kapamba, omwe amatsimikizira kuti shuga amatuluka m'magazi kupita ku maselo. Matendawa amabweretsa kuphwanya mitundu yonse ya kagayidwe, kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi, dongosolo lamanjenje, komanso ziwalo zina ndi machitidwe ena.

Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya matenda a shuga:

• Matenda a shuga a insulin (lembani matenda ashuga). Otchedwa "matenda a shuga ndi achichepere komanso owonda." Matendawa amakula makamaka mwa ana ndi achinyamata (mpaka zaka 40). Zimakhazikika pazochita za autoimmune - kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa chitetezo cha m'thupi, pomwe kuwonongeka kumachitika ndi chitetezo chake mthupi, chomwe ndi ma cell a beta omwe amapanga insulin.
• Matenda osagwirizana ndi insulin (mtundu II matenda a shuga), "achikulire komanso onenepa kwambiri," amakula mwa anthu opitirira 40 onenepa kwambiri. Ili ndiye mtundu wofala kwambiri wamatenda (opezeka 80-85% ya milandu). Chomwe chimachitika ndi kusakhazikika kwa maselo a thupi kupita ku insulini ndipo, chifukwa chake, glucose amasungidwa pakama. Kusowa kwa glucose ndi chizindikiridwe chopanga insulin yayikulu, koma izi sizikuthandiza, ndipo pakapita nthawi, kupanga insulini kumachepa kwambiri.

Kuphatikiza apo, pali mitundu yocheperako yamatenda, monga sekondale (kapena chisonyezo) shuga, matenda a shuga azimayi oyembekezera komanso matenda ashuga chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa zakudya.

Ndi mtundu wanji wa matenda ashuga owopsa?

Ndikovuta kwambiri kuyankha funsoli. Kumbali imodzi, matenda a shuga a Type I amafunikira njira zovuta zowongolera shuga: izi ndi jakisoni wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa insulin musanadye chakudya chilichonse, komanso kufunika kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Moyo wa wodwala wotere umadalira cholembera chomwe chili m'thumba mwake: jakisoni wosaphonya,, kapena, mwangozi, wadzala ndi chikomokere.

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amtunduwu amakakamizika kuwerengera zakudya zamagulu azakudya nthawi zonse, komanso amawonana ndi dokotala mwezi uliwonse kuti apatsidwe mankhwala a insulin komanso kuwunika thanzi. Kuyambika kwa matendawa kumakukakamizani kuti mukhale odziletsa kuyambira ubwana - kuti mukadzakula musakhale munthu wolumala kwambiri wokhala ndi mavuto ambiri a shuga.

Komabe, odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga a mellitus, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala osagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa cha kudya, amakhala ndi zovuta zambiri za matendawa: matenda ashuga retinopathy (kuwonongeka kwamitsempha), matenda a shuga. ), matenda a diabetesic neuropathy (kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yotumphukira), matenda ashuga angiopathy (kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya zazikulu ndi zazing'ono). Madokotala amagwirizanitsa izi. ndikungoyambuka kwa matendawa: Nthawi zambiri odwala okalamba sazindikira kuopsa kosagwirizana ndi zomwe amalangizidwa ndipo "ayambe" momwe zilili kuti kusasamala kwawo kumabweretsa zotsatirapo zosavomerezeka: khungu.

Mawu ochepa onena za matenda omwe

Musanalankhule chifukwa chake matenda ashuga ndi owopsa, muyenera kunena mawu pang'ono za momwe kukula kwake. Ndipo pa izi muyenera kuganizira mitundu yake. Chifukwa chake, matenda ashuga amachitika:

• Mtundu woyamba. Amadziwika ndi kuwonongeka kwa maselo a kapamba ndi kuphwanya kwawo kupanga insulin. Koma ndi iyi timadzi timene timayambitsa kusokoneza ndi kufinya kwa shuga. Chifukwa chake, chikasowa, shuga samalowa m'maselo a minofu yofewa ndikuyamba kukhazikika m'magazi.
• Mtundu wachiwiri. Matendawa amadziwika ndi magwiridwe antchito a kapamba komanso kuchuluka kwa insulin mthupi.Koma maselo a minofu yofewa ndi ziwalo zamkati pazifukwa zina amayamba kuzimvera nazo, chifukwa chake amasiya kuyamwa shuga mwa iwo, chifukwa chomwe amayamba kudziunjikira m'magazi.
• Okakamiza. Amadziwikanso kuti amayi apakati a shuga, chifukwa ndi nthawi yomwe amapanga gestosis. Amadziwikanso ndi kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi, koma osati chifukwa chakuti ma cell a kapamba amawonongeka, koma chifukwa kuchuluka kwa insulin yomwe amapanga sikokwanira kupereka thupi la mkazi ndi mwana wake. Chifukwa chosowa insulini, shuga amayamba kupangika pang'onopang'ono, motero mbali yake yayikulu imakhazikika m'magazi. Matenda a shuga amtundu wa m'mimba amadziwika kuti ndi matenda osakhalitsa ndipo amadzidalira pakatha nthawi yobereka.

Palinso lingaliro lina - shuga insipidus. Kukula kwake kumachitika motsutsana ndi maziko osakwanira kaphatikizidwe ka mankhwala a antidiuretic (ADH) kapena chifukwa chakuchepa kwa chidwi cha impso tubules kwa icho. M'milandu yoyamba komanso yachiwiri, kuwonjezeka kwamatumbo patsiku ndikuwoneka ngati ndi ludzu losasimbika kumawonedwa. Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi sikuchitika ndi matenda awa, chifukwa chake amatchedwa wopanda shuga. Komabe, general Symbomatology ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi shuga wamba.

Popeza shuga ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, zotsatila za kakulidwe kawo ndizosiyana. Ndipo kuti timvetsetse zomwe zimawopseza matenda ashuga, ndikofunikira kulingalira zamtundu uliwonse mwatsatanetsatane.

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga ndi zotsatira zake

Ponena za kuopsa kwa matenda a shuga 1, tiyenera kunena kuti matendawa nthawi zambiri amayambitsidwa ndi chiyambi cha hyperglycemia ndi hypoglycemia. Poyamba, pali kuwonjezeka kwambiri kwa shuga m'magazi. Kuphatikiza apo, imatha kukwera m'magawo ovuta - 33 mmol / l ndikukweza. Ndipo izi, zimayamba chifukwa cha kuyambika kwa vuto la hyperglycemic, lomwe limangokhala osati kuwonongeka kwa maselo aubongo komanso chiwopsezo cha kufa ziwalo, komanso kumangidwa kwamtima.

Hyperglycemia imakonda kupezeka m'mawu a anthu odwala matenda ashuga motsutsana ndi jakisoni wa insulin, komanso chifukwa chosagwirizana ndi malangizo omwe adokotala amapeza akalandira zakudya. Komanso pankhani iyi, moyo wongokhala uli ndi gawo lofunikira. Popeza munthu akapita kuchepa, mphamvu zochepa zimamwedwa ndipo shuga wambiri amadziunjikira m'magazi.

Hypoglycemia ndi gawo lomwe kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, M'malo mwake, amatsika mpaka mtengo wotsika (umakhala wochepera 3.3 mmol / l). Ndipo ngati sizinakhazikike (izi zimachitika mopepuka, ndikokwanira kutipatsa wodwalayo chidutswa cha shuga kapena chokoleti), pamakhala chiopsezo chachikulu cha chikomokere cha hypoglycemic, chomwe chimaphatikizidwanso ndi kufa kwa maselo aubongo ndikumangidwa kwamtima.

Poganizira izi, madokotala popanda kusiyanasiyana amalimbikitsa kuti onse odwala matenda ashuga azikhala ndi shuga m'magazi. Ndipo pakuchepa kapena kuwonjezeka, ndikofunikira kuyesa kusintha kuti ikhale.

Kuphatikiza apo kuti shuga imakhala yodzala pafupipafupi ndi hyper- ndi hypoglycemia, ngati siyikusamalidwa, ikhoza kubweretsanso mavuto ena azaumoyo. Choyamba, shuga wamwazi wokwera nthawi zambiri amabweretsa kulephera kwa impso, komwe kungayambitse nephropathy komanso kulephera kwa impso.

Kuphatikiza apo, mtima wam'magazi umakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi matendawa. Makoma amitsempha yamagazi amataya kamvekedwe, kayendedwe ka magazi kamasokonezeka, minofu yamtima imayamba kugwira ntchito bwino, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa vuto la mtima komanso stroke. Chifukwa cha kufooka kwa magazi, maselo amtundu wa ubongo amayamba kupeza kuperewera kwa mpweya, motero magwiridwe ake amathanso kukhala opuwala ndikuwatsogolera pakupanga matenda osiyanasiyana amitsempha.

Tiyeneranso kudziwa kuti popanga matenda amtundu wa 1 shuga, kusinthika kwa khungu kumadwala. Mabala ndi mabala aliwonse amatha kukhala zilonda zam'mimba, zomwe zimaphatikizanso kukula kwa chilonda ndi zilonda zam'mimba. Zotsirizazo zikafika, pakufunika kuduladula dzanja.

Ambiri ali ndi chidwi ndi funso loti kodi ndizotheka kufa ndi matenda ashuga. Ndizosatheka kuyankha mosasamala. Ndiyenera kunena kuti chiyembekezo cha matendawa chimadalira wodwala iyemwini ndi njira yake yamoyo. Ngati akwaniritsa malingaliro onse a dokotala, amapereka jakisoni wa insulin panthawi yake, ndipo ngati pali zovuta zilizonse zimachitika nthawi yomweyo, akhoza kukhala ndi moyo mpaka ukalamba kwambiri.

Komabe, pakhalapo milandu pomwe odwala, ngakhale atatsatira malamulo onse ochizira matenda ashuga, amwalira ndi matendawa. Ndipo chifukwa cha izi nthawi zambiri ndi matenda a cholesterol, omwe ndi satellite yapafupipafupi ya T1DM.

Ndi chitukuko chake, mafupa a cholesterol amapanga pamakoma amitsempha yamagazi, omwe samangosokoneza kayendedwe ka magazi, komanso ali ndi katundu wodziphulika ndikufikira minofu ya mtima kudzera mumtsinje wamagazi. Akalowa mkatimo, minyewa yake imakhala yotsekedwa, ndipo izi zimakhala zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a mtima.

Ponena za zoopsa zina za matenda ashuga, ziyenera kudziwika kuti zitha kufalikira kuchokera ku mbadwo wina kupita ku wina. Nthawi yomweyo, zoopsa zopatsira mwana zimawonjezereka ngati makolo onse awiri akudwala matendawa.

Matenda a shuga m'magazi amuna nthawi zambiri amayambitsa kusokonekera kwa erectile komanso kukula kwa prostatitis, monga momwe zimakhudzanso ndi dongosolo la genitourinary. Ndipo kwa azimayi, kudwala kumeneku nkowopsa ndimavuto akulu okhala ndi mwana, kumunyamula ndikubala.

Mukakalamba, matendawa angayambitse:

• Retinopathy Mkhalidwe momwe minyewa ya maso imakhudzidwira. Amadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa maonedwe owoneka.
• Encephalopathy Zowonongeka m'maselo aubongo.
• Neuropathy. Kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yotsiriza komanso kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa khungu.
• Osterethropathy. Kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe a articular ndi mafupa.
• Ketoacidotic chikomokere. Ndizotsatira za ketoocytosis (kuchuluka kwa matupi a ketone m'magazi), komwe kumawonetsedwa ndi mawonekedwe a fungo la acetone kuchokera mkamwa, chizungulire, kugona, ndi ludzu.
• Ku lactic acidosis. Izi zimachitika motsutsana maziko a kudzikundikira kwa lactic acid m'thupi. Imakhala yodzala ndi kuperewera kwa impso, chiwindi ndi mtima.

Type 2 matenda ashuga ndi zotsatira zake

Ponena za kuopsa kwa matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, tiyenera kudziwa kuti matendawa pawokha, kuwonjezera pa zilonda zam'mimba zathupi lathu, siziwopseza kwambiri. Koma ngati simupereka chithandizo chake, ndiye kuti chitha kukhala chomwe chimayambitsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga amtundu 1, zomwe zakambidwa kale pamwambapa.

Kuphatikiza apo, ndi T2DM palinso chiopsezo chachikulu cha hypoglycemia ndi hyperglycemia, chifukwa nthawi yomwe imakula imakhalanso ndi kudumphadumpha kwamagazi a shuga. Kuphatikiza apo, matendawa amatengedwa kwambiri kuposa T1DM. Mavuto omwe amabwera mwa ana amapanga 90%, bola ngati makolo onse ali ndi T2DM. Ngati wina wadwala, ndiye kuti mwina ana ake amapezeka ndi 50%.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda samachitika kawirikawiri limodzi ndi zovuta zazikulu. Komabe, nthawi zambiri machitidwe azachipatala nthawi zambiri pamakhala matenda amtima wamatumbo komanso chinyengo chamkati chokhudza maziko ake. Monga lamulo, izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti odwalawo pawokha samatsata malamulo a moyo omwe akuwonetsedwa mu T2DM. Wodwalayo akalandira mankhwalawo moyenera, amatsatira zakudya ndikuyamba kuchita masewera, ndiye kuti zotsatirapo zoyipa za T2DM ndizosowa kwambiri.

Matenda a shuga

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kukula kwa matenda ashuga amakupezeka pakati. Kwa mzimayiyu payekha, samayambitsa chiwopsezo ku thanzi, koma zimatha kubweretsa zovuta zambiri pakubala.

Kuphatikiza apo, ndikamakula kwa matenda ashuga wamagetsi pamakhala chiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a shuga kwa mwana. Chifukwa chake, pambuyo pobadwa kwa ana, ayenera kuyesedwa kwa matenda awa. Koma sizotheka kudziwa nthawi yomweyo. Chowonadi ndichakuti matendawa amakula pafupipafupi ndi kunenepa kwambiri, ndipo ngati mayi wongobadwa kumene amatha kusintha kulemera kwa mwana wake, ndiye kuti chiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga chingachepe kangapo.

Tiyeneranso kudziwa kuti shuga ya gestational panthawi yoyembekezera imapangidwanso ndi kuyamba kwa fetal hypoxia, chifukwa imayambitsanso kusokonezeka kwa magazi komanso kuperewera kwa oxygen kwa mwana. Chifukwa cha izi, amatha kukhala ndi ma pathologies osiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri, zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kugwira ntchito kwa ubongo ndi ubongo wamkati.

Ngati mayi wapezeka ndi matenda amtunduwu pa nthawi yapakati, samalandira chithandizo chachikulu chamankhwala. Pankhaniyi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuwunika shuga ndi magazi nthawi zonse. Pazomwezi, pali shuga yochepa yamapangidwe ochepera mphamvu, yomwe imapatsa thupi mchere wofunikira ndi mavitamini, koma nthawi yomweyo samalola kuti asunge mafuta osungirako.

Ngati chakudyacho sichikuthandiza ndipo matendawa akayamba, jakisoni wa insulini ndi mankhwala. Amayikidwa katatu patsiku nthawi yomweyo musanadye. Ndikofunika kwambiri kutsatira ndondomeko ya jakisoni, chifukwa ngati wasweka, pamakhala chiopsezo cha hyperglycemia ndi hypoglycemia, zomwe zingayambitse vuto lalikulu la fetal mu fetus.

Matenda a shuga

Shuga insipidus ndiowopsa kwambiri kuposa mitundu yonse yomwe ili pamwambapa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti ndi matenda awa madzi ambiri amachotsedwa m'thupi ndipo posakhalitsa madzi am'madzi amayamba, pomwe munthu wopitilira mmodzi wamwalira. Chifukwa chake, palibe chifukwa muyenera kulola kupititsa patsogolo kwa matendawa. Chithandizo chake chiyenera kuyamba pomwe atapezeka.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti polyuria mu shuga insipidus imapitilira ngakhale madzi akumwa atachitika kale. Izi zimadziwika ndi:

• kusanza
• kufooka
• kulephera kudziwa
• chizungulire
• mavuto amisala
• tachycardia, etc.

Ngati, pakapezeka madzi am'madzi, palibe zoyeserera zomwe zimapangidwanso kuti abwezeretsere madzi osungirako m'thupi, ndiye kuti mavuto amabwera kuchokera ku ziwalo zina zamkati ndi machitidwe. Ubongo, chiwindi, impso, mtima, mapapo, dongosolo lamanjenje lapakati - onse amakhala ndi vuto la kusowa kwamadzi, magwiridwe antchito ake amakhala operewera, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kuwoneka kwa zizindikiro zingapo, zomwe, titero, sizikugwirizana ndi kukula kwa matendawa.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti, mosasamala mtundu wa shuga, ayenera kuthandizidwa mwachangu. Zowonadi, pafupifupi ziwalo zonse zamkati ndi machitidwe zimavutika nayo, zomwe zimatha kungoyambitsa zovuta, komanso kufa mwadzidzidzi. Komabe, ndizosatheka kuchitira nokha matenda ashuga, mutatha kuwerenga malangizo osiyanasiyana ndi malingaliro pamaforamu ndi masamba ena. Mutha kuchita izi pokhapokha ngati mukuyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala, kumangodutsa mayeso ndikuyang'anira momwe thupi lanu lilili.

Tsoka ilo, ndizosatheka kuchiritsa matenda ashuga, koma ndizotheka kupewa zovuta zomwe zimayambira kumbuyo kwake. Chachikulu ndikutsatira mosamalitsa malingaliro onse a dokotala ndikuwongolera njira yolondola, pomwe palibe malo azikhalidwe zoyipa komanso zakudya zopanda thanzi.

Kodi matenda ashuga sangathe?

Mpaka pano, chithandizo cha matenda a shuga, omwe amapezeka kwa odwala ambiri, ali ndi mawonekedwe othandizira: kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala a insulin kumapangitsa kuti kubweretsere "kwakunja" kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi pafupi ndi zachilengedwe. Komabe, ngakhale mothandizidwa ndi kudziletsa kwambiri kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mapampu a insulin opangidwa mwapadera, ndizosatheka kukumbukira zovuta zonse za njira yovuta yolimbitsa thupi iyi.

Titha kunena kuti zoyesayesa zonse pakuchiza matenda ashuga lero ndikufuna kupatsa odwala "kuzengereza" mpaka nthawi yomwe njira yeniyeni ya chithandizo ingapangidwire.

Posachedwa, makina osindikiza am'nyumba komanso akunja, palinso malipoti ochulukirapo ophatikizidwa kwa kapamba mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba. Komabe, izi zimakhalanso ndi zovuta zake - kuphatikiza, ndikutulutsa kwachinthu chachilendo kwa thupi la munthu (ngakhale atachotsedwa kwa wachibale wapafupi). Posakhalitsa, chitetezo cha mthupi chitha kugwira ntchito yake - ndipo kapamba wotere amasiya kugwira ntchito. Kotero kuti muwone opereshoni ngati vuto lenileni kwambiri, sikofunikira.

Tsoka ilo, kuyerekezera kopezeka ndikuchiritsa matenda a shuga kwadzetsa zotsatirapo zoyipa kwambiri. Ambiri amakumbukira mlandu wapamwamba ndi zonena za asayansi a Gennady Malakhov, malo ogulitsira mabuku ali odzaza ndi timabuku timene timalonjeza za kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu kwa matenda ashuga osagwiritsa ntchito insulin ndi zakudya. Tsoka ilo, kudalirika kwa odwala okalamba ndipo, choyipitsitsa, makolo a odwala achinyamata omwe safuna kukhulupilira matenda oyipa, amangokulitsa vutoli, ndipo chithandizo chamankhwala chotere sichimagwira mu 100% yamilandu.

Kodi tingatani?

Posachedwa, chidwi pa vuto la matenda ashuga mwadzidzidzi chawonjezera chidwi kuchokera ku Unduna wa Zaumoyo wa Krasnoyarsk Territory. Mwina, izi ndichifukwa cha msonkhano waposachedwa wa atolankhani wokumbukira kukhazikitsidwa kwa lingaliro la UN pankhani ya matenda ashuga komanso zochitika zina zokhudzana ndi mutuwu. Mwanjira imodzi, Magulu angapo azaumoyo atsegulidwa kale m'derali, komwe ndizotheka kudziwa zomwe zingayambitse matenda a shuga wodwala wina, ndikupeza mayankho a mafunso ambiri. Amapezeka pamaziko azachipatala otsatirawa:

• Polyclinic nambala 14 (Krasnoyarsk)
• Polyclinic nambala 1 (Krasnoyarsk)
• Polyclinic nambala 3 (Krasnoyarsk)
• Chipatala cha City No. 1 cha ku Krasnoyarsk
• Krasnoyarsk Regional Center for Medical Prevention
• Minusinsk Center for Medical Prevention
• Chipatala cha Lesosibirsky Central District
• Chipatala cha Kansk Central City
• Chipatala cha Chigawo cha Achinsk Central
• Polyclinic nambala 1 (Norilsk)

Ndikulimbikitsa kulumikizana ndi onse omwe ali ndi chifukwa chokayikira matenda a shuga mwa iwo okha kapena okondedwa awo. Ndipo, monga munthu yemwe alibe chidwi ndi endocrinology komanso vuto la matendawa makamaka, nditha kuyesa kuyankha mafunso omwe angathe - poyera kapena mobisa.

Mliri wa matenda ashuga. Zoneneratu za 2030