Matenda a shuga ku Russia ndi padziko lonse - ziwerengero

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda oopsa ochedwa hyperglycemia. Cholinga chachikulu cha mawonekedwe ake sichinaphunziridwe bwino komanso kufotokozedwa. Nthawi yomweyo, akatswiri azachipatala amawonetsa zinthu zomwe zimathandizira kuwonekera kwa matendawa, kuphatikiza zovuta zamtundu, matenda apathengo, chiwonetsero chambiri cha mahomoni ena a chithokomiro, kapena kuwonetsedwa ndi zinthu zakupha kapena zopatsirana.

Ziwerengero za matenda ashuga zikuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga padziko lapansi kukukulirakulira. Mwachitsanzo, ku France kokha, kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa ndi pafupifupi mamiliyoni atatu, pomwe pafupifupi makumi asanu ndi anayi mwa iwo ndi odwala matenda a shuga a 2. Dziwani kuti anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni atatu alipo osadziwa matenda awo. Kusowa kwa zizindikiro zowoneka koyambirira kwa matenda ashuga ndi vuto lalikulu komanso ngozi ya matenda.

Kunenepa kwambiri pamimba kumapezeka mwa anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni khumi padziko lonse lapansi, omwe amakhala ndi zoopsa komanso chiwopsezo chowonjezereka cha matenda a shuga. Kuphatikiza apo, kuthekera kwa kukhala ndi matenda amtima kumangokulira mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2.

Poganizira ziwerengero za anthu omwe amwalira ndi matenda ashuga, titha kudziwa kuti milandu yoposa makumi asanu peresenti (kuchuluka kwathunthu kumasiyana kuchokera 65 mpaka 80) ndi zovuta zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha matenda a mtima, kugunda kwa mtima kapena stroko.

Ziwerengero za anthu odwala matenda ashuga zatulutsa mayiko otsatirawa omwe ali ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu omwe apezeka:

Malo oyamba mumalo achisoni ngati awa ndi China (pafupifupi miliyoni miliyoni)
Ku India, odwala odwala ndi 65 miliyoni
USA - anthu miliyoni miliyoni miliyoni
Brazil - pafupifupi 12 miliyoni
Chiwerengero cha anthu odwala matenda ashuga ku Russia ndi pafupifupi 11 miliyoni
Mexico ndi Indonesia - 8.5 miliyoni chilichonse
Germany ndi Egypt - anthu 7.5 miliyoni
Japan - 7.0 miliyoni

Ziwerengero zikuwonetsa kupita patsogolo kwa njira ya pathological, kuphatikizapo 2017, kuchuluka kwa odwala matenda ashuga kukukula pang'onopang'ono.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zoyipa ndizakuti pasanakhalepo zochitika za kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga a ana 2. Masiku ano, akatswiri azachipatala amazindikira izi paubwana.

Chaka chatha, World Health Organisation idapereka chidziwitso chokhudza matenda a shuga padziko lapansi:

pofika 1980, panali anthu pafupifupi miliyoni miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi
pofika kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2014, chiwerengero chawo chidakwera mpaka 422 miliyoni - pafupifupi kanayi
pomwe pakati pa akuluakulu, izi zimayamba kucitika kawiri kawiri
mchaka cha 2012 chokha, anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni atatu adamwalira ndi matenda a mtundu woyamba 1 komanso 2
ziwerengero za anthu odwala matenda ashuga zikuwonetsa kuti chiwerengero cha anthu omwalira ndiwokwera kwambiri.

Kafukufuku wadziko akuwonetsa kuti mpaka kumayambiriro kwa 2030, matenda ashuga adzayambitsa kupha munthu m'modzi pa asanu ndi awiri pa dziko lapansi.

Matenda a shuga ku Russia akuchulukirachulukira. Masiku ano, Russian Federation ndi amodzi mwa mayiko asanu omwe akutsogolera ziwerengero zokhumudwitsa izi.

Malinga ndi akatswiri, anthu ambiri sakayikira ngakhale pang'ono kuti ali ndi matenda amenewa. Chifukwa chake, manambala enieni amatha kuchuluka pafupifupi kawiri.

Pafupifupi anthu mazana atatu mazana atatu ali ndi matenda a shuga. Anthu awa, onse akuluakulu ndi ana, amafunika jakisoni wa insulin nthawi zonse. Moyo wawo umakhala ndi ndandanda yakuyeza milingo ya shuga m'magazi ndikusungabe gawo lake lofunikira mothandizidwa ndi jakisoni. Matenda a shuga a Type 1 amafunika kulangidwa kwambiri kuchokera kwa wodwala ndikutsatira malamulo ena moyo wonse.

Ku Russian Federation, pafupifupi makumi atatu a ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiritsa matenda amaperekedwa kuchokera ku bajeti yathanzi.

Kanema wokhudza anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga adayang'aniridwa posachedwa ndi kanema wapanyumba. Kuunikaku kukuwonetsa momwe matenda am'mudzimo akuwonekera mdziko muno, njira zomwe akuchitapo pofuna kuthana ndi izi, ndi momwe chithandizo chikuchitika.

Omwe akutchulidwa kwambiri mu filimuyi ndi omwe amasewera omwe anali USSR ndi Russia yamakono, omwe adapezekanso ndi matenda a shuga.

Nthawi zambiri, matenda a shuga amakhala ngati njira yodziyimira payekha. Anthu azaka zambiri amatha kudwala - pambuyo zaka makumi anayi. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mitundu yachiwiri ya shuga isanatengedwe ngati njira ya anthu opuma pantchito. Popita nthawi kwa zaka zambiri, milandu yambiri yawonekera pamene matendawa amayamba osati ali aang'ono, komanso kwa ana ndi achinyamata.

Kuphatikiza apo, chodziwika ndi mtundu uwu wa matenda am'mimba ndikuti anthu opitilira 80 peresenti ya anthu odwala matenda a shuga amakhala ndi matenda onenepa kwambiri (makamaka m'chiuno ndi pamimba). Kulemera kwambiri kumangowonjezera chiopsezo chotengera matenda opatsirana.

Chimodzi mwazomwe zili ndi mawonekedwe a insulin-yodziyimira matendawa ndikuti matendawa amayamba kukula osadziwonetsa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake sizikudziwika kuti ndi anthu angati omwe sakudziwa kuzindikira kwawo.

Monga lamulo, ndizotheka kudziwa mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga m'magawo oyamba mwangozi - pakaunikidwe pafupipafupi kapena pozindikira kuti mudziwe matenda ena.

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga umayamba kumera mwa ana kapena uchinyamata. Kupezeka kwake kuli pafupifupi khumi peresenti ya zonse zolembedwa zamtunduwu.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu pakuwonetsa mtundu wa matenda omwe akudalira insulin ndi kupangika kwa chibadwa chamtsogolo. Ngati angadziwe matenda a kanthawi adakali aang'ono, anthu omwe amadalira insulin amatha kukhala ndi zaka 60-70.

Pankhaniyi, chofunikira ndikuwonetsetsa kuwongolera kwathunthu ndikutsatira malangizo onse azachipatala.

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga zovuta zingapo.

Zotsatira zoyipa izi zikuphatikiza:

Kuwonetsedwa kwa kusokonezeka kwa mtima wamtima, komwe kumayambitsa kugunda kwa mtima kapena sitiroko.
Popeza ndadutsa zaka 60, odwala nthawi zambiri samatha kuzindikira matenda ashuga, omwe amachitika chifukwa cha matenda ashuga.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala mosalekeza kumabweretsa vuto laimpso. Ichi ndichifukwa chake, nthawi ya matenda ashuga, kulephera kwa mafungo mu mawonekedwe osakhazikika nthawi zambiri kumawonetsedwa.

Matendawa amakhalanso ndi vuto pogwira ntchito yamanjenje. Nthawi zambiri, odwala amakhala ndi matenda ashuga a m'mimba, zotupa zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi mitsempha yathupi. Kuphatikiza apo, neuropathy imabweretsa kuchepa kwa chidwi cham'munsi. Chimodzi mwazomwe chimawonetsera kwambiri chikhoza kukhala phokoso la matenda ashuga komanso matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amafunika kudulidwa kwamiyendo.

Ziwerengero za matenda ashuga

Ku France, chiwerengero cha odwala matenda ashuga ndi pafupifupi 2.7 miliyoni, mwa iwo 90% ndi odwala matenda a shuga 2. Pafupifupi anthu 300 000-500 000 (10-15%) mwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga saganiza ngakhale pang'ono za matendawa. Komanso, kunenepa kwambiri pamimba kumachitika mwa anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni 10, chomwe ndichofunikira kuti T2DM iyambe. Mavuto a SS amadziwika kawiri ndi 2.4 mwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga. Amazindikira zakukula kwa matenda ashuga ndipo amathandizira kuchepa kwa chiyembekezo chamoyo wodwalayo pofika zaka 8 kwa anthu azaka 55-64 komanso zaka 4 kwa magulu achikulire.

Pafupifupi 65-80% ya milandu, chomwe chimayambitsa kufa kwa odwala matenda ashuga ndi mtima matenda, makamaka myocardial infarction (MI), stroke. Pambuyo pa kusinthika kwa myocardial, zochitika zamtima nthawi zambiri zimapezeka mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Kuthekera kwa kupulumuka kwa zaka 9 pambuyo polowera pulasitiki m'matumbo ndi 68% kwa odwala matenda ashuga ndi 83,5% kwa anthu wamba, chifukwa cha stenosis yachiwiri komanso kukwiya kwa atheromatosis, odwala matendawa amakumana ndi kubwerezabwereza kwa myocardial infarction. Kuchuluka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga m'madipatimenti amtima kumakulirakulira nthawi zonse ndipo amapanga oposa 33% mwa odwala onse. Chifukwa chake, matenda ashuga amadziwika kuti ndi chinthu chofunikira pangozi yopanga matenda a SS.

Padziko lonse lapansi

Kuchuluka kwa matenda ashuga m'maiko osiyanasiyana ndi motere:

Russian Federation 4%,

US 15%

Western Europe 5%,

Middle East ndi North Africa pafupifupi 9%,

Latin America 15%.

Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga ku Russia kuli kotsika kwambiri kuposa ku United States, akatswiri akuti ziwerengerozi zikuyamba kale kufika pafupi ndi mliri wa miliri.

Chiwerengero chachikulu cha odwala omwe adalembetsa ku India. Pamenepo, chiwerengero chawo ndi anthu 50 miliyoni. Malo achiwiri ndi China (43 miliyoni). Ku United States, kuli pafupifupi 27 miliyoni.

Mtundu woyamba ndi wachiwiri

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda umakhudza makamaka achinyamata ndi ana. Komanso, akazi nthawi zambiri amadwala nawo. Matenda amtunduwu amalembedwa mu 10% ya milandu yonse. Matenda amtunduwu amapezeka pafupipafupi m'maiko onse.

Mtundu wachiwiri (osadalira insulini) umapezeka mwa anthu omwe adutsa mzere wazaka 40, 85% yawo akudwala kunenepa kwambiri. Kusinthasintha kwa matendawa kumayamba pang'onopang'ono, ndipo nthawi zambiri kumadziwika mwangozi, nthawi zambiri kukayezetsa kapena kuthandizira matenda ena. Chiwerengero cha odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtunduwu amapezeka m'maiko olemera, monga United States, Sweden, Germany, Austria.

Ziwerengero za anthu odwala matenda ashuga ku Russia zikuwonetsa kuti matenda amitundu iwiri ya shuga adakula kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa. Nthawi zina pamakhala zochitika za kakulidwe ka matenda muubwana ndi unyamata.

Mwachitsanzo, ku Japan, chiwerengero cha ana omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2 akula kale kuposa woyamba. Ziwerengero za anthu odwala matenda ashuga ku Russia zikuwonetsa kusungidwa kwina. Chifukwa chake mu 2011, ana 560 odwala matenda am'mimba adanenedwa mwa ana ndi achinyamata, pomwe ana pafupifupi 25,000 adadziwika ndi matenda a shuga 1. Koma ngakhale ndi ziwerengero zoterezi, titha kulankhula za kuchuluka komwe kukubwera mu mawonekedwe odziimira a insulin pakati pa achinyamata.

Ndi kupezeka kwakanthawi ndi chithandizo cha matendawa mudakali achichepere, chiyembekezo cha moyo wa wodwalayo chimatha kukhala zaka 60-70. Koma izi zimachitika pokhapokha ngati munthu akuwongolera ndi kulipiranso.

Chiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa

Matenda a shuga atha kukhala ndi mwayi waukulu mwa anthu otsatirawa:

Amayi omwe ali ndi cholowa chamtsogolo cha matenda ashuga 2 ndipo nthawi yomweyo amadya mbatata zambiri. Ali ndi chiwopsezo chodwala 15% kuposa omwe samagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa. Ngati izi ndizovala za ku France, ndiye kuti zoopsa zimawonjezeka ndi 25%.

Kukula kwa mapuloteni amanyama pazakudya kumawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi matenda opatsirana a shuga oposa 2.

Kilogalamu iliyonse yowonjezera kulemera kwamthupi imawonjezera ngoziyo ndi 5%

Matenda a shuga

Kuopsa kwa matenda ashuga kumayambitsa zovuta. Monga ziwerengero zimawonetsa, matenda ashuga amathera muimfa mu 50% ya odwala chifukwa chotukuka kwa mtima, kugunda kwa mtima, gangore, kulephera kwaimpso. Chaka chilichonse, anthu opitilila miliyoni amataya miyendo, ndipo 700,000 amasiya kuwona.

International Diabetes Federation (IDF) idasindikiza posachedwa kuwonetsa kuti padziko lonse lapansi anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga akuchuma kuchoka pa 108 miliyoni mu 1980 kufika pa 422 miliyoni mu 2014.

Kufalikira kwa matenda ashuga padziko lonse lapansi pakati pa anthu azaka zopitilira 18 kwachuluka kuchokera pa 4.7% mu 1980 kufika pa 8.5% mchaka cha 2014.

WHO yaneneratu za matenda ashuga kukhala gawo lachisanu ndi chiwiri lakufa mu 2030.

Masekondi asanu aliwonse padziko lapansi, wina amadwala matenda ashuga, ndipo masekondi 7 aliwonse amafa ndi matendawa, omwe alandiridwa ngati mliri wopanda matenda m'zaka za m'ma 2000 zino. Umboni waposachedwa ukuwonetsa kuti anthu akumayiko otsika ndi omwe amapeza ndalama zapakati amakhala ndi vuto la mliriwu, komanso kuti matendawa amakhudza anthu ambiri azaka zambiri kuposa momwe amaganizira kale.

Malinga ndi zomwe zilipo kuyambira 1985, ndiye kuti anthu 30 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi akudwala matenda ashuga. Pambuyo pazaka 15, chiwerengerochi chinaposa 150 miliyoni. Masiku ano, pasanathe zaka 15, chiwerengero cha anthu odwala matenda a shuga chikuyandikira 400 miliyoni, theka lake ndi azaka zapakati pa 20 ndi 60.

DIABETES MELLITUS STATISTICS KU RUSSIA

Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2014, anthu 3.96 miliyoni adapezeka ndi izi ku Russia, pomwe chiwerengero chenicheni ndichokwera kwambiri - malinga ndi kuyerekezera kosavomerezeka, chiwerengero cha odwala ndioposa 11 miliyoni.

Phunziroli, lomwe lidachitika kwa zaka ziwiri malinga ndi director of the Institute of Diabetes of the Federal State Budgetary Institution Endocrinological Research Center of the Ministry of Health of Russia Marina Shestakova, kuyambira 2013 mpaka 2015, mtundu II wa matenda ashuga wapezeka mu kafukufuku aliyense wazaka 20 ku Russia, komanso gawo la prediabetes ku Wachisanu chilichonse. Nthawi yomweyo, malinga ndi kafukufuku wa Nation, pafupifupi 50% ya odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a II sakudziwa matenda awo.

Marina Vladimirovna Shestakova mu Novembala 2016 adapereka lipoti la kufalikira komanso kupezeka kwa matenda ashuga, omwe adatchula ziwonetsero zomvetsa chisoni kuchokera ku kafukufuku wofufuzira wa Nation: lero anthu aku Russia oposa 6,5 miliyoni ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2 ndipo pafupifupi theka sakudziwa, ndipo wachisanu aliyense amakhala magawo a prediabetes.

Malinga ndi Marina Shestakova, panthawi yomwe kafukufukuyu adafikira zidayamba kupezeka pa kuchuluka kwa matenda ashuga amtundu wa II ku Russia, omwe ndi 5.4%.

Odwala 343,000 omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga adalembetsedwa ku Moscow koyambirira kwa 2016.

Mwa awa, 21,000 ali ndi matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba, 322,000 otsala ndi shuga a mtundu wachiwiri. Kuchuluka kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga ku Moscow ndi 5.8%, pomwe matenda a shuga adapezeka mu 3.9% ya anthu, osapezeka mu 1.9% ya anthu, a M. Antsiferov adatero. Pafupifupi 25-27% ali pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga. 23.1% ya anthuwa ali ndi prediabetes. Mwanjira imeneyi

29% ya anthu aku Moscow amadwala kale matenda ashuga kapena ali pachiwopsezo chachitukuko chake.

"Malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa, 27% ya anthu achikulire a ku America atopa kunenepa kwambiri, zomwe ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri kuchitira odwala matenda ashuga a mtundu wa 2," adatsimikiza a M.Anziferov, katswiri wamkulu wothandizira anthu kuofesi ya zamankhwala ku Moscow. Ku Moscow, kwa odwala awiri omwe ali ndi matenda a 2 omwe ali kale, pali wodwala m'modzi yekha yemwe ali ndi vuto losadziwika. Tili ku Russia - chiwerengerochi chili pamlingo wa 1: 1, chomwe chikuwonetsa kuwonedwa kwa matenda likulu.

IDF ilosera kuti ngati kukula kwachuma kukupitirirabe, pofika chaka cha 2030 chiwerengero chonse chidzaposa 435 miliyoni - awa ndi anthu ochulukirapo kuposa kuchuluka kwa North America komweko.

Matenda a shuga tsopano amakhudza anthu asanu ndi awiri alionse padziko lapansi. Madera omwe ali ndi kuchuluka kwambiri ndi North America, komwe 10,2% ya anthu akuluakulu amakhala ndi matenda ashuga, kenako Middle East ndi North Africa omwe ali ndi 9.3%.

Kuzindikira matenda

Ziwerengero zodabwitsa zimaperekedwa ndi ziwerengero kwa anthu omwe sanapasidwe mayeso. Pafupifupi 50 peresenti ya okhala padziko lapansi sakaikira ngakhale pang'ono kuti mwina atapezeka ndi matenda a shuga.

Monga momwe mukudziwira, matendawa amatha kukhazikika pang'onopang'ono kwa zaka, osayambitsa chilichonse. Kuphatikiza apo, m'maiko ambiri osatukuka kwambiri matendawa sapezeka nthawi zonse.

Pachifukwa ichi, matendawa amabweretsa zovuta zazikulu, zowononga zomwe zimakhudza mtima, chiwindi, impso ndi ziwalo zina zamkati, zomwe zimatsogolera kulumala.

Chifukwa chake, ngakhale kuti ku Africa kuno kuchuluka kwa matenda ashuga kumatengedwa kuti ndi kotsika, apa pali kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa omwe sanayesedwe. Chomwe chimapangitsa izi ndi kuchuluka kochepa kwa kuwerenga komanso kusazindikira matendawa pakati pa onse okhala m'boma.

Kufa kwa matenda

Kulemba ziwerengero zaimfa chifukwa cha matenda ashuga sikophweka. Izi ndichifukwa choti machitidwe mdziko lonse, zolemba zachipatala sizimawonetsa zomwe zimayambitsa odwala. Pakadali pano, malinga ndi zomwe zilipo, chithunzi chonse cha imfa chifukwa cha matendawa chimatha kupangidwa.

Ndikofunikira kulingalira kuti mitengo yonse yaimfa yomwe ikupezeka siziwonetsetsa, chifukwa imangopangidwa ndi zomwe zikupezeka. Ambiri mwa anthu omwe amwalira ndi matenda ashuga amapezeka mwa odwala azaka 50 ndipo anthu ocheperako amamwalira zaka 60 zisanachitike.

Chifukwa cha matendawa, matendawa amakhala ochepa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi anthu athanzi. Imfa ya matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri imachitika chifukwa chopanga zovuta komanso kusowa kwa chithandizo choyenera.

Mwambiri, ziwopsezo za kufa ndizokwera kwambiri m'maiko omwe boma silisamala ndalama zolipirira matendawa. Pazifukwa zoonekeratu, ndalama zambiri komanso zotsogola zatsika zimakhala ndi chiwerengero chochepa cha anthu omwalira chifukwa cha matenda.

Zochitika ku Russia

Monga kuchuluka kwa zochitika, ziwonetsero za Russia ndi amodzi mwa mayiko asanu apamwamba kwambiri padziko lapansi. Mwambiri, mulingo unayandikira pafupi ndi mliri wa miliri. Kuphatikiza apo, malinga ndi akatswiri asayansi, kuchuluka kwenikweni kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa ndi kukwera kawiri mpaka katatu.

Mdziko muno, muli odwala matenda ashuga oposa 280,000 omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu woyamba. Anthuwa amadalira kasamalidwe ka insulin tsiku ndi tsiku, pakati pawo ana 16,000 ndi achinyamata 8.5,000.

Ponena za matendawa, ku Russia anthu opitilira 6 miliyoni sazindikira kuti ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Pafupifupi 30% yazachuma zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi matendawa kuchokera ku bajeti, koma pafupifupi 90% yaiwo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza zovuta, osati matenda omwe.

Ngakhale chiwopsezo chakwera, m'dziko lathu mowa kwambiri ndi insulin ndipo magawo 39 aliwonse okhala ku Russia. Ngati ndikufanizira ndi mayiko ena, ndiye kuti ku Poland izi ndi 125, Germany - 200, Sweden - 257.

Senegal imagwira ntchito yomwe imayika foni pa ntchito zothandiza anthu

Novembala 27, 2017 - Tekinoloje ya chidziwitso ndi kuyankhulana (ICT), makamaka foni yam'manja, ikusintha zomwe zikuyembekezeredwa ndikupeza chidziwitso chaumoyo. Mafoni am'manja amathandizira kupewa matenda a shuga popatsa olembetsa malangizo osavuta othandizira kapena kupewa, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala okhudzana ndi kadyedwe, masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndi zizindikiro zamavuto, monga kuvulala mwendo. Kuyambira 2013, WHO yakhala ikugwira ntchito ndi International Telecommunication Union (ITU) kuthandiza mayiko ngati Senegal kuyambitsa ntchito yawo ya mDiabetes pa mafoni.

Tsiku Lathanzi Lapadziko Lonse Lapansi la 2016: kumenya matenda ashuga!

Epulo 7, 2016 - Chaka chino, mutu wa World Health Day, womwe umachitika chaka chilichonse pa Epulo 7, ndi "Matenda a shuga!" Mliri wa matenda a shuga ukukula kwambiri m'maiko ambiri, makamaka akuchulukirachulukira kumayiko omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa komanso apakati. Koma gawo lalikulu la shuga limatha kupewedwa. WHO ikuyitanitsa aliyense kuti athetse kukwera kwa matenda ndikuchitapo kanthu kuti athane ndi matenda ashuga!

Tsiku la Matenda Atsamba Padziko Lonse

Cholinga cha Tsiku la odwala matenda ashuga padziko lonse lapansi ndikuti chithandizire padziko lonse lapansi kudziwa za matenda ashuga: kuchuluka kwa ziwopsezo padziko lonse lapansi komanso momwe zingapeweretsedwe ambiri.
Lokhazikitsidwa ndi International Diabetes Federation (IDF) ndi WHO, tsikuli limakondwerera pa Novembara 14, tsiku lobadwa la Frederick Bunting, yemwe pamodzi ndi Charles Best adagwira nawo mbali popeza insulin mu 1922.

Mavuto a matendawa

Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amayambitsa matenda a mtima.
Mwa anthu okalamba, khungu limachitika chifukwa cha matenda ashuga retinopathy.
A complication a impso ntchito kumabweretsa kukula kwa matenthedwe aimpso. Choyambitsa matenda osachiritsika nthawi zambiri ndi matenda ashuga retinopathy.
Pafupifupi theka la anthu odwala matenda ashuga amakhala ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi dongosolo lamanjenje. Matenda a shuga amachititsa kuti miyendo ithe.
Chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mitsempha ndi mitsempha yamagazi, odwala matenda ashuga amatha, omwe amayambitsa kudula miyendo. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, kuduladula kwina konse kwazonse chifukwa cha matenda ashuga kumachitika mphindi iliyonse. Chaka chilichonse, kudula 1 miliyoni kumachitika chifukwa cha matenda. Pakadali pano, malinga ndi madotolo, ngati matendawa adapezeka kuti apezeka pakapita nthawi, anthu opitilira 80 peresenti ya kukomoka kwa miyendo amatha kupewedwa.

Matenda oyipa ngati matenda a shuga amatenga "wolemekezeka" malo achitatu padziko lapansi pambuyo pamatenda amtima komanso a oncological. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zapadziko lonse, kumayambiriro kwa Epulo 2012, chiwerengero cha anthu omwe akudwala matendawa chinali pafupifupi 280 miliyoni, zomwe ndi gawo limodzi mwa 3% yaanthu onse padziko lapansi.

World Health Organisation yatcha matenda ashuga kukhala mliri wamayiko onse ndi azaka.

International Diabetes Federation, kutengera zomwe idasungidwa, ikuwonetsa kuti vuto lalikulu la mliriwu likugwera m'maiko ochepa omwe ali ndi ndalama zochepa, komanso mfundo yoti matenda a shuga amawonekera kawiri kawiri mwa anthu azaka zogwira kuposa momwe amaganizira kale.

Malinga ndi 1985, panali anthu osachepera 10 ochulukirapo omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga poyerekeza ndi omwe alipo (pafupifupi 28 miliyoni). Ndipo podzafika 2000, ziwerengerozi zidachulukitsa kasanu ndi kupitilira chiwerengero cha 150 miliyoni.

Ndipo ndi angati tsopano omwe akudwala matenda ashuga? Lero, pamene zaka zopitilira 12 zadutsa, chiwerengero cha odwala chikuyandikira anthu 300 miliyoni. Pafupifupi anthu miliyoni miliyoni ndi anthu azaka zapakati pa 20 ndi 55.

Mpaka pano, kuchuluka kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga kwachulukanso zaka 11-14 zilizonse. Ngati mukuyang'ana kuchuluka kwa dziko lonse lapansi, kuchuluka kwa odwala matenda ashuga amitundu iwiriyi ndi +/- 4%. Ku Russia, chizindikiro chotere (malinga ndi kuyerekezera kambiri) chimachokera ku 3 mpaka 6%, pomwe ku USA chiwonetserochi chimafika pazovuta zazikulu ndipo chimakhala 16-19% ya anthu onse m'dziko lonselo.

Nthawi yomweyo, Russia imadziwika kuti ndi mtsogoleri "wosasintha" pakati pa mayiko aku Europe malinga ndi mitengo yapamwamba kwambiri malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa odwala (pafupifupi 12 miliyoni). Portugal ikutenga malo achiwiri, ndikutsatira Kupro.

Ndi odwala angati a shuga omwe akuyembekezeredwa mtsogolo?

Bungwe la International Diabetes Federation linaneneratu zokhumudwitsa - pofika chaka cha 2030 kuchuluka kwa odwala matenda ashuga kudzafika 552 miliyoni. Ogwira ntchito ku Federation akufotokozera izi motere: masekondi 10 aliwonse, madokotala amalembetsa ma 3 pathologies atsopano, mchaka ichi chiwerengerochi chimafikira anthu 10 miliyoni. Kuphatikiza apo, ana 80,000 amapezeka ndi matenda obadwa nawo chaka chilichonse, ndipo pafupifupi mamiliyoni 180, ndipo angati sanadziwe za matenda awo. Asayansi amati gulu la zaka 40-60 ndi gulu lomwe lingakhale pachiwopsezo.

Masiku ano, ku Europe, mtengo wa kuchiza matenda monga matenda ashuga ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mitengo ya padziko lonse ya chithandizo.

Ndemanga ndi ndemanga

Ndili ndi matenda a shuga a 2 - osadalira insulin. Mnzake adalangiza kuti achepetse magazi ndi DiabeNot. Ndinalamula kudzera pa intaneti. Adayamba kulandira. Ndimatsata zakudya zosasamala, m'mawa uliwonse ndidayamba kuyenda ma kilomita 2-3 ndikuyenda pansi. M'masabata awiri apitawa, ndazindikira kuchepa kwa shuga m'mamawa m'mawa asanadye chakudya cham'mawa kuyambira 9,3 mpaka 7.1, ndipo dzulo ngakhale mpaka 6.1! Ndikupitiliza njira yodzitetezera. Ndileka zolemba zabwino.

Kodi kuopsa kwa matenda ashuga ndi chiani?

Mosatengera chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa, matenda ashuga ndi owopsa makamaka m'matumbo akuluakulu komanso ang'onoang'ono (ma capillaries), chifukwa magazi omwe amapezeka m'magulu osiyanasiyana amasokonezeka, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sangathe kugwira ntchito bwinobwino. Kuwonongeka kwa mtima m'maso kumayambitsa masoka, kuwonongeka kwa retina ndi khungu.

Kusakwanira kwa magazi ku ziwiya za impso ndi dera, kumayambitsa kulephera kwa impso, kusabereka. Kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa magazi ndi kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya zam'manja ndi miyendo kumayambitsa neuropathy (kuchepa kwa chidwi), mapangidwe a zilonda zam'mimba, zilonda zam'mimba komanso ngakhale kuwonongeka kwa miyendo. Matenda a mtima, sitiroko, vuto la kugonana, matenda a chiwindi, matenda opatsirana komanso ma virus - iyi si mndandanda wothetsa mavuto a matenda ashuga apamwamba.

Chifukwa chake, pazizindikiro zoyambirira, pitani kuchipatala msanga. Ngati kupewa matenda a shuga kudakonzedwa moyenera, ndipo chithandizo cha matenda ashuga chikukwaniritsidwa kwathunthu, wodwalayo amayang'anitsitsa malingaliro onse a dokotala, ndiye kuti nthawi zambiri matendawa amakhala abwino.

matenda a mtima (mtima atherosulinosis, matenda a mtima, kuchepa kwamitsempha yamagazi),
atherosclerosis ya zotumphukira mitsempha, kuphatikizapo mitsempha ya m'munsi malekezero,
microangiopathy (kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya zazing'ono) zam'munsi,
matenda ashuga retinopathy (masomphenya otsika),
mitsempha (kuchepa kwa chidwi, kupukutika komanso kupindika kwa khungu, kupweteka komanso kukokana m'miyendo),
nephropathy (kwamikodzo excretion wa mapuloteni, mkhutu aimpso ntchito),
matenda a shuga - matenda ammapazi (zilonda zam'mimba, purpat-necrotic process) motsutsana ndi kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yotupa, mitsempha ya magazi, khungu, minofu yofewa.
zovuta zina zopatsirana (pafupipafupi zotupa pakhungu, mafangasi amisomali, ndi zina zambiri),
chikomokere (diabetes, hyperosmolar, hypoglycemic).

Matenda a shuga - matenda ofala a endocrine. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, matenda ashuga ali m'malo wachitatu malinga ndi vuto la khansa ndi matenda amtima.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero, pafupifupi 5-6% ya anthuwa ali ndi matenda a shuga. Komabe, izi zimangowonetsa matenda omwe adadziwika. Chiwerengero chenicheni cha anthu odwala matenda ashuga ndichachikulupo, chifukwa ambiri a iwo ali ndi mawonekedwe amtunduwu, omwe amayamba asanayambike kuwonetsa zina.

Matenda a shuga, ziwerengero mdziko

Chaka chilichonse, kuchuluka kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga kukukula mwachangu. Zaka khumi zilizonse kuchuluka kwawo kuli pafupifupi kuwirikiza. Mu 2011, dziko lapansi lidalemba anthu pafupifupi 366 miliyoni omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Poyerekeza, mu 1994 pafupifupi odwala matenda ashuga okwanira 110 miliyoni, mu 2000 - pafupifupi 170 miliyoni. Akuyerekeza kuti pofika chaka cha 2025 chiwerengero chawo chidzaposa chizindikiro cha 400,000. Mu 2011, odwala oposa 3.5 miliyoni omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga adalembetsa ku Russian Federation. Komabe, chiwerengero chenicheni ndi chokulirapo - anthu 900 miliyoni. Ziwerengerozi ndizokhumudwitsa.

Chiwopsezo cha Matenda a shuga

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga umakonda kupezeka mwa ana ndi achinyamata osakwana zaka 30, ndipo azimayi amatenga nawo vutoli. Ili ndi mtundu wodwala kwambiri wa shuga, wopezeka mwa 10% ya odwala. Matenda a 2 a mtunduwu amakhudza anthu makamaka azaka 40, ndipo matenda amtunduwu amapezeka kwambiri mwa anthu onenepa (85%). Imakula pang'onopang'ono, mosazindikira, chifukwa chake imapezeka mwamwayi, ikamayesedwa kapena kupezedwa ndi matenda ena. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti ku Russia mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga "aposachedwa" - zomwe zimachitika mwa ana azaka 12-16 zikuchulukirachulukira.

Matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba amapezeka m'maiko onse padziko lapansi; odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wachiwiri amagawidwa makamaka m'maiko otukuka - USA, France, Germany, Australia, Sweden ndi ena.

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda oopsa omwe amakhala oopsa chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe zimachitika mochedwa. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zokhudzana ndi matenda ashuga, pafupifupi 50% ya anthu odwala matenda a shuga amwalira ndi matenda a pyelonephritis, infarction ya myocardial, atherosclerosis ya malekezero, komanso urolithiasis. Chaka chilichonse, anthu opitilila 1 miliyoni amataya miyendo, ndipo oposa 700,000 amawonongeka. Masekondi asanu aliwonse, kuchuluka kwa odwala matenda ashuga kumawonjezereka ndi munthu m'modzi, ndipo masekondi asanu ndi awiri aliwonse, munthu m'modzi wodwala matendawa amafa.

M'zaka za zana la 18, Dotson wa ku England adatsimikizira kuti kutsekemera kwa mkodzo mwachindunji kumadalira kupezeka kwa shuga mkati mwake. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyi, matenda ashuga amatchedwa shuga. Chifukwa cha izi, odwala matenda ashuga ayamba kupereka mankhwala okhwima. Mu 1796, njira imodzi yochizira matendawa inali kuchita zolimbitsa thupi. Paul Largenhans mu 1889 mu kapamba adapeza magulu amaselo, omwe adapereka dzina loti "islets". Wasayansiyo sakanatha kudziwa mbali yomwe "zilumba" izi ndizamoyo wamunthu. Izi zidachitidwa ndi Best and Butting mu 1921. Adalandira insulin kuchokera ku kapamba, yomwe idathandizira kulipirira matenda a shuga agalu. Pambuyo pake, zisumbu izi zidatchedwa Largenhans. Mu 1922, insulin inayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda amtundu wa shuga 1 mwa anthu. Mu 1926, mawonekedwe a crystalline insulin adapezeka. Mawu akuti "insulin", omwe tonsefe timawadziwa, adayambitsidwa ndi wasayansi waku Germany Meyer. Mu 50s ya zaka zapitazi, mankhwala adawoneka ngati mapiritsi, omwe adayamba kutsitsa shuga m'magazi a odwala matenda ashuga.

Chaka cha 1960 chinakhala chofunikira kwambiri m'mbiri ya matenda ashuga. Chaka chino, mapangidwe a insulin yaumunthu adakhazikitsidwa. Ndipo kuphatikiza kwathunthu kunachitika mu 1979. Izi zimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira majini. Asayansi amafunika pafupifupi zaka mazana awiri kuti afotokozere mbali ya "zisumbu" za kapamba, zomwe zimapezeka ndi wasayansi waku France waku France Largenhans. Zinapezeka kuti awa "ma islets" achinsinsi a insulin. Anali ma analogue ake omwe adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito kulipilira matenda oopsawa. Mu 1981, kuzungulira kwatsopano m'mbiri ya matendawa kunayamba. Madokotala aku Portugal adatcha matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba monga njira yapadera. Zinadziwika kuti wodwala matenda ashuga amatha kudzithandiza kuthana ndi matenda oyambawa. Kuti achite izi, ayenera kumuthandiza kuti akhale ndi chidziwitso champhamvu chokhudza matendawa. Sukulu za matenda ashuga zayamba padziko lonse lapansi kuphunzitsa anthu odwala matenda ashuga njira yatsopano ya moyo. Sukulu yoyamba ngati imeneyi inatuluka mu 1981.

Mwambiri, zana la makumi awiri anakana mpaka kalekale zonena kuti matenda ashuga ndi chibadidwe chake cha kuphedwa. Mamilioni aanthu padziko lonse lapansi ali ndi mwayi wokhala ndi moyo.

Monga lero, shuga ali ndi ziwonetsero zachisoni, popeza kuchuluka kwake mdziko lapansi kukukula pang'onopang'ono. Zomwezi zimasindikizidwa ndi odwala matenda ashuga oweta - kwa chaka cha 2016 ndi 2017, kuchuluka kwa odwala matenda ashuga omwe akungopezeka kumene kumawonjezeka ndi 10%.

Ziwerengero za matenda ashuga zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwamatenda omwe ali mdziko lapansi.Matendawa amabweretsa matenda oopsa a hyperglycemia, moyo wosavomerezeka, komanso kufa msanga. Mwachitsanzo, khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi mwa anthu okhala ku France ndi odwala matenda ashuga, ndipo gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi a iwo amadwala matenda oyamba. Pafupifupi chiwerengero chomwecho cha odwala mdziko muno amakhala popanda kudziwa kukhalapo kwa matenda amisala. Izi ndichifukwa choti m'magawo oyambawo shuga samadziwonetsa mwanjira iliyonse, pomwe ngozi yake yayikulu imalumikizana.

Zoyambira zazikuluzikulu sizinaphunzire mpaka pano mpaka pano. Komabe, pali zinthu zina zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa matenda. Izi zimaphatikizira chibadwidwe cha majini komanso matenda oyambitsidwa ndi kapamba, matenda opatsirana kapena tizilombo.

Kunenepa kwambiri pamimba kwakhudza anthu opitilira 10 miliyoni. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri pakupanga mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga. Chofunikira ndikuti odwala oterewa amatha kukhala ndi mtima wam'matenda, kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amwalira kumene kumakhala kokwirikiza kawiri kuposa kwa odwala opanda matenda a shuga.

Ziwerengero za Ashuga

Ziwerengero zamayiko omwe ali ndi odwala ambiri:

Ku China, kuchuluka kwa odwala matenda ashuga wafika 100 miliyoni.
India - 65 miliyoni
USA ndi dziko lomwe lili ndi chithandizo chachikulu cha matenda ashuga, chachitatu - 24,4 miliyoni,
Oposa 12 miliyoni odwala matenda ashuga ku Brazil,
Ku Russia, chiwerengero chawo chinaposa 10 miliyoni,
Mexico, Germany, Japan, Egypt ndi Indonesia nthawi ndi nthawi “amasintha malo” paudindo, kuchuluka kwa odwala kumafikira anthu 7 miliyoni.

Njira yatsopano yopanda pake ndikuwonekera kwa mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga mwa ana, womwe umatha kukhala gawo limodzi kuwonjezera ngozi zaumunthu pamsana, komanso kuchepa kwakukulu kwa moyo. Mu 2016, WHO idafalitsa zomwe zikuchitika pakukula kwa matenda:

mu 1980, anthu 100 miliyoni anali ndi matenda ashuga
pofika chaka cha 2014, kuchuluka kwawo kudakwera 4 ndikufika pa 422 miliyoni,
oposa 3 miliyoni odwala amafa chaka chilichonse chifukwa cha zovuta zamatenda,
Kufa kwa zovuta za matendawa kukukulira kumayiko komwe ndalama ndi zochepa.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa Nation, matenda ashuga pofika chaka cha 2030 adzachititsa munthu mmodzi mwa asanu ndi awiri onse kumwalira.

Ziwerengero ku Russia

Ku Russia, matenda a shuga ayamba kukhala mliri, chifukwa dzikolo ndi "atsogoleri" ambiri. Olemba magwero akuti pali odwala matenda ashuga pafupifupi 10-11 miliyoni. Pafupifupi anthu omwe sadziwa za kukhalapo ndi matenda.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero, matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin amakhudza pafupifupi anthu 300,000 mdziko muno. Izi zikuphatikizapo onse akulu ndi ana. Kuphatikiza apo, mwa ana izi zitha kukhala zovuta zakubadwa zomwe zimafunikira chisamaliro chapadera kuyambira masiku oyamba amoyo wakhanda. Mwana yemwe ali ndi matenda oterewa amafunika kumuunika pafupipafupi ndi dokotala wa ana, endocrinologist, komanso kukonza insulin.

Bajeti yachipatala ya gawo lachitatu ili ndi ndalama zomwe zimapangidwira kuchiza matenda. Ndikofunikira kuti anthu amvetsetse kuti kukhala ndi matenda ashuga si chiganizo, koma matenda amafunika kuwunika mozama pa moyo wawo, zomwe amachita, ndi zakudya zawo. Ndi njira yoyenera ya chithandizo, matenda a shuga sangabweretse mavuto akulu, ndipo kukula kwa zovuta sikungachitike konse.

Pathology ndi mitundu yake

Mtundu wofala kwambiri wamatendawa ndi mtundu wachiwiri, pomwe odwala safunika kuperekanso insulin. Komabe, matenda oterewa amatha kupanikizika ndi kufooka kwa kapamba, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kupaka jakisoni wochepetsa shuga.

Nthawi zambiri mtundu uwu wa matenda ashuga umachitika munthu wamkulu - patatha zaka 40-50. Madokotala amati matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira insulini ayamba kuchepa, monga kale ankawaganizira kuti ndi matenda okalamba. Komabe, masiku ano zimatha kupezeka osati mwa achichepere, komanso mwa ana amasukulu.

Chimodzi mwa matendawa ndikuti 4/5 mwa odwala ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri kwakumaso ndi mafuta ambiri m'chiuno kapena pamimba. Kulemera kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga.

Chizindikiro china cha matenda a zam'mbuyo ndikuti pang'onopang'ono, kuonekera pang'ono kapena ngakhale kuyambiranso. Anthu mwina sangamve kukhala wotayika, popeza njirayo imachedwa. Izi zimadzetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa kuzindikira ndi kuzindikira kwa matenda amachepetsa, ndipo kupezeka kwa matendawa kumachitika kumapeto, komwe kumatha kuphatikizidwa ndi zovuta.

Kupezeka kwa matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri ndi imodzi mwazovuta zazikulu zachipatala. Monga lamulo, izi zimachitika mwadzidzidzi panthawi ya mayeso a akatswiri kapena mayeso chifukwa cha matenda omwe si a shuga.

Mtundu woyamba wa nthendayi umadziwika kwambiri ndi achinyamata. Nthawi zambiri, zimachokera kwa ana kapena achinyamata. Imakhala gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi a matenda onse a shuga padziko lapansi, komabe, m'maiko osiyanasiyana chidziwitso chimatha kusintha, chomwe chimalumikiza kukula kwake ndi ma virus obwera ndi matenda, matenda a chithokomiro, komanso kuchuluka kwa nkhawa.

Asayansi amati kubadwa kwa makolo ndi chinthu chimodzi chomwe chimayambitsa matenda. Pozindikira moyenera komanso ngati tili ndi chithandizo chokwanira, momwe moyo wa wodwala umakhalira wabwino, ndipo chiyembekezo chamoyo chimakhala chocheperako poyerekeza ndi cha anthu athanzi.

Chifukwa ndi zovuta

Ziwerengero zikuwonetsa kuti azimayi amakonda matendawa. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda oterewa ali pachiwopsezo chotukuka kwa zina zambiri zamakono, zomwe zimatha kukhala njira yodzipangira nokha kapena matenda ogwirizana ndi matenda a shuga. Komanso, matenda ashuga nthawi zonse amawakhudza. Izi zikuphatikiza:

Ngozi ya mtima - ma ischemic ndi hemorrhagic stroko, myocardial infarction, atherosranceotic mavuto a zombo zazing'ono kapena zazikulu.
Mawonedwe akuchepa chifukwa cha kuwonongeka pakapangidwe kakapangidwe kakang'ono ka m'maso.
Matenda aimpso chifukwa cha vuto la mtima, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi nephrotoxicity. Odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a nthawi yayitali amakhala ndi vuto la impso.

Matenda a shuga amawonekeranso mosavomerezeka pamagetsi. Odwala ambiri amapezeka ndi matenda ashuga a polyneuropathy. Zimakhudza kutalika kwa mitsempha ya miyendo, ndikupangitsa kutulutsa kosiyanasiyana kosiyanasiyana, kuchepa kwa chidwi. Zimayambitsanso kuwonongeka m'mitsempha yamagazi, kutseka zoyipa zamavuto a mtima. Chimodzi mwazinthu zovuta kwambiri za matendawa ndi phazi la matenda ashuga, zomwe zimayambitsa necrosis ya zimakhala zam'munsi. Ngati sanalandiridwe, odwala angafunikire kudulidwa.

Kupititsa patsogolo kuzindikira kwa matenda ashuga, komanso kuyamba kulandira mankhwalawa munthawi imeneyi, kuyezetsa magazi kwa chaka ndi chaka kumayenera kuchitika pachaka chilichonse. Kupewa matendawa kumatha kukhala moyo wathanzi, kukhalabe ndi thupi labwino.

Matenda a shuga ndi vuto lapadziko lonse lapansi

Oposa 230 miliyoni padziko lapansi ali ndi matenda ashuga, omwe kale 6% ya anthu achikulire padziko lapansi. Pofika chaka cha 2025, kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe akudwala matendawa kuchulukanso.

Imfa chifukwa cha matenda ashuga ndipo zovuta zake zimachitika masekondi 10 aliwonse. Matenda a shuga amatenga oposa 3 miliyoni amoyo pachaka.

Podzafika 2025, gulu lalikulu kwambiri la odwala m'maiko osatukuka adzakhala odwala zaka zokhwima, zogwira ntchito kwambiri.

Nthawi yayitali yokhala ndi ana odwala matenda ashuga sichidutsa zaka 28.3 kuyambira matenda atangoyamba kumene.

Ngati zinthu sizisintha, ndiye kuti mwana aliyense wachitatu wobadwa ku America mchaka cha 2000 adzadwala matenda ashuga nthawi ya moyo wake.

Matenda a shuga amawonedwa kuti ndi chifukwa chachinayi chomwe chimapangitsa anthu kufa m'maiko olemera. Mavuto osokoneza bongo a shuga ndi omwe amayambitsa kulumala koyambirira komanso kufa kwakukulu. Kufa kwa matenda a mtima ndi stroko odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo ndi nthawi 2-3, khungu ndi nthawi 10, nephropathy imakhala nthawi 12-15, ndipo gangrene yam'munsi yotsika imakhala pafupifupi ka 20 kuposa anthu ambiri.

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga

Matendawa amadziwika ndi kusapezeka kapena kuchepa kwakukulu kwa timadzi timene timatchedwa insulin. Chifukwa chake, odwala onse omwe akudwala matendawa amafunika jakisoni wa insulin tsiku ndi tsiku kuti apitilize moyo.

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 amapangira jakisoni wa insulin osachepera 2 pa tsiku.

Pafupifupi anthu 6 miliyoni padziko lapansi ali ndi matenda ashuga 1.

Type 2 shuga

Padziko lonse lapansi lotukuka, kulimbana kumayambika lero ndi matenda amtundu wa 2, matenda omwe tsopano ali mliri wosapatsirana. Ntchito yayikulu lero ndikupanga njira yodalirika yowerengera anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo (zaka, cholowa chamtsogolo, kunenepa kwambiri, ndi zina zambiri) ndi chithandizo cha nthawi yake, zomwe zidzatithandizire kupewa zovuta komanso kukulitsa moyo wathunthu komanso wopatsa zipatso.

Kupititsa patsogolo maphunziro pakati pa anthu pazovuta za matenda ashuga ndi zovuta zake ndikofunikira, monga makina azachipatala a Russia pano sakupereka chithandizo chokwanira.

Matenda a shuga a Mtundu Wachiwiri amadziwika ndi kusakhoza kwa minofu kuyankha moyenera pazomwe zimachitika mu insulin.

Matenda a shuga a Mtundu Wachiwiri ndiwo mtundu wofala kwambiri wamatenda (90-95% ya anthu odwala matenda ashuga).

Matenda a 2 a matenda a shuga nthawi zambiri amakhala matenda atakula.

Gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a odwala matenda a shuga a 2 amafunikira chithandizo cha insulin.

70% ya odwala matenda ashuga a 2 samadziwa kuti akudwala, nthawi zambiri amadzazindikira matendawa pomwe ena asintha.

Mavuto a shuga

Mavuto osokoneza bongo a shuga ndi omwe amayambitsa kulumala koyambirira komanso kufa kwakukulu.

Diso lamavuto - matenda ashuga retinopathy ndi omwe amachititsa kwambiri anthu azaka zambiri kugwira ntchito.

Mavuto ochokera ku impso - matenda ashuga nephropathy - ndi chimodzi mwazomwe chimapangitsa kuti matenda a impso alephere. Wodwala aliyense wachitatu yemwe ali ndi matenda amtundu 1 komanso aliyense wachisanu wodwala matenda ashuga 2 amafa chifukwa cha kulephera kwa aimpso.

Mavuto a mitsempha - diabetesic neuropathy, yomwe imakhudza mpaka 50% ya odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo, amachititsa kuti asamveke bwino komanso awononge miyendo.

Matendawa odwala matenda ashuga - chopondera, chomwe chimatengera kusintha kwa ziwiya ndi m'mitsempha, ndicho chomwe chimapangitsa kuti miyendo isadandaule Masekondi 30 aliwonse, kudula mathero am'munsi chifukwa cha matenda ashuga kumachitika padziko lapansi. Zopitilira zoposa 1 miliyoni padziko lapansi chaka chilichonse chifukwa cha matenda ashuga awa! Pozindikira matendawa munthawi yake, 80% yakadula imatha kupewedwa!

Matenda a shuga ku Russia ndi nkhani yandale

Zovuta za matenda ashuga ku Russia yamakono zayandikira pafupi kwambiri. Zomwe zikuchitika pakali pano zikuwopseza chitetezero chamayiko athu.

Malinga ndi zidziwitso za boma, ku Russia oposa 2.3 miliyoni odwala matenda a shuga amalembetsa, malinga ndi akatswiri, akupitilira katatu. Uwu ndi mliri wopanda matenda!

Russia, limodzi ndi India, China, USA ndi Japan, ndi amodzi mwa mayiko asanu omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la matenda ashuga.

Ku Russia, ana opitilira 16,000 ndi achinyamata 8.5,000 omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga 1.

Ku Russia masiku ano kuli odwala pafupifupi 280,000 omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1, omwe moyo wawo umadalira kuperekera insulin tsiku lililonse.

Kuzindikiritsidwa kwa matenda a shuga a mtundu 2 ku Russia ndi amodzi mwa otsika kwambiri padziko lapansi: anthu opitilira 3/4 a anthu odwala matenda ashuga (anthu opitilira 6 miliyoni) sakudziwa za matendawa.

Kuledzera kwa insulin ku Russia ndi amodzi otsika kwambiri padziko lapansi - mayunitsi 39 pa capita, poyerekeza ku Poland - mayunitsi a 125, ku Germany - 200 mayunitsi, ku Sweden - 257 mayunitsi.

Matenda a shuga amafunika mpaka 30% ya bajeti yaumoyo. Mwa izi, zopitilira 90% ndi zovuta za shuga!

Pulogalamu ya chandamale ya "Federal"

Theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana la 20 mpaka pano limayendera limodzi ndi kuchuluka kwambiri kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga m'maiko onse padziko lapansi. Pozindikira za chiwopsezo chomwe chimabwera chifukwa cha matenda ashuga kwa anthu, Boma la Russia Federation pa Okutobala 7, 1996 anatengera Lamulo Na. 1171 "Pa Federal Target Program forabetes." Malinga ndi Purezidenti Lamulo la May 8, 1996 No. 676 ndi Lamulo la Boma la Russian Federation pa Federal Target Program for Disabetes, Unduna wa Zaumoyo ku Russia unapereka lamulo "Pa njira zokwaniritsira cholinga cha boma shuga mellitus program No. 404 ya 12/10/1996, yomwe ndiye maziko a kukhazikitsidwa kwa malangizo onse ndi dongosolo la matenda a shuga.

Kuchokera pakukhazikitsa pulogalamu ya matenda a shuga, yopangidwira nyengo ya 1997-2005, zikuyembekezeka:

Kutsika kwachitatu kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la Impso ndi kuwonda chifukwa cha matenda ashuga.

50% kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ziwopsezo zamiyendo mwa odwala matenda ashuga

Kuwonetsetsa kuti mulinso amayi omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga chimodzimodzi

Kuchepetsa kufunika kokhalira kuchipatala chifukwa cha zovuta za matenda a shuga ndi 4-5, komanso chifukwa cha zovuta zam'mimba - 30%.

Mtengo wa Zaumoyo

M'mayiko a ku Europe, matenda ashuga ndi zovuta zake zimatha pafupifupi 10% ya bajeti yaumoyo komanso chiwonjezeko china chikuyembekezeka.

Mu 2007, dziko lapansi likuyembekeza kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zokwana 215 mpaka 375 biliyoni kuti zipereke chithandizo chamankhwala zokhudzana ndi matenda a shuga ndi zovuta zake.

Ndalama zomwe US amagwiritsa pachaka ku shuga ndi $ 100 biliyoni.

Ku Russian Federation, $ 93 miliyoni amafunikira kuti apereke insulin kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga.

Matenda a shuga si cholepheretsa moyo wathunthu

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amatha kuthana ndi zopinga zomwe sizingaganizidwe kwambiri, mwakutero kutsimikizira kuti atha kukhala moyo wathunthu

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amatenga nawo mbali pa maulendo apamadzi okwera ma kilomita masauzande ambiri, ndipo amalanda mapiri atali kwambiri, kumpoto kwa North Pole

Pakati pa othamanga omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga pali opambana pamasewera akulu, mpikisano wamayiko, palinso ochita masewera a Olimpiki.

Tsoka ilo, zochitika zakunja zimakonda kutchulidwa ngati zitsanzo. Izi zimatsimikiziridwa makamaka chifukwa chakuti kwa zaka zambiri mdziko lathu munthu wodwala matenda a shuga amawoneka kuti ndi osayenera, ndipo izi zitha kukhala chopinga mu moyo wake wachitukuko komanso waluso.

Matenda a shuga amapangitsa munthu kukulitsa machitidwe ake monga kudziwongolera ndi kudzipangira yekha, kutsimikiza, kuchita zinthu, kumapangitsa munthu kukhala wolimba mtima komanso kukhala ndi chidaliro pakutsata zofuna zake. Makhalidwewa amakonzedwanso ndi mamembala awo, makamaka makolo a ana odwala matenda ashuga.

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ayamba kukhala ochezeka. Ali ndi kufunikira kwakulankhulana, kusinthanitsa zochitika, kuyanjana kuti ateteze ufulu wawo.

Chifukwa chake, mabungwe abungwe la anthu odwala matenda ashuga samapangidwa popanda chifukwa chokhacho, amagwira ntchito pagulu ndi zolinga zenizeni. Chiwerengero cha mamembala awo (odwala matenda ashuga, a mabanja awo, ogwira ntchito zachipatala) amafikira anthu mamiliyoni angapo.

Kodi mkhalidwe wa kapangidwe ka matenda am'dziko lapansi umatsimikizira chiyani?

Ziwerengero za matenda ashuga zikuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga padziko lapansi kukukulirakulira. Mwachitsanzo, ku France kokha, kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa ndi pafupifupi mamiliyoni atatu, pomwe pafupifupi makumi asanu ndi anayi mwa iwo ndi odwala matenda a shuga a 2. Dziwani kuti anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni atatu alipo osadziwa matenda awo. Kusowa kwa zizindikiro zowoneka koyambirira kwa matenda ashuga ndi vuto lalikulu komanso ngozi ya matenda.

Ziwerengero za anthu odwala matenda ashuga zatulutsa mayiko otsatirawa omwe ali ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu omwe apezeka:

Malo oyamba mumalo achisoni amenewa ndi China (pafupifupi anthu miliyoni miliyoni)
Ku India, odwala odwala ndi 65 miliyoniꓼ
US - miliyoni 24,4 miliyoni
Brazil - pafupifupi 12 miliyoniꓼ
Chiwerengero cha anthu odwala matenda ashuga ku Russia ndi pafupifupi 11 miliyoniꓼ
Mexico ndi Indonesia - miliyoni 8.5 uliwonse
Germany ndi Egypt - anthu 7.5 miliyoni
Japan - 7.0 miliyoni

Ziwerengero zikuwonetsa kupita patsogolo kwa njira ya pathological, kuphatikizapo 2017, kuchuluka kwa odwala matenda ashuga kukukula pang'onopang'ono.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zoyipa ndizakuti pasanakhalepo zochitika za kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga a ana 2. Masiku ano, akatswiri azachipatala amazindikira izi paubwana.

Chaka chatha, World Health Organisation idapereka chidziwitso chokhudza matenda a shuga padziko lapansi:

pofika 1980, chiwerengero cha odwala padziko lonse lapansi chinali pafupifupi miliyoni miliyoni ndi anthuꓼ
pofika kumayambiriro kwa 2014, kuchuluka kwawo kudakwera mpaka 422 miliyoni - pafupifupi kanayi
pakati pa anthu akuluakulu, izi zimachitika kawiri kawiri kawiri
mchaka cha 2012 chokha, anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni atatu adamwalira ndi matenda a mtundu woyamba 1 komanso 2
ziwerengero za anthu odwala matenda ashuga zikuwonetsa kuti chiwerengero cha anthu omwalira ndiwokwera kwambiri.

Kafukufuku wadziko akuwonetsa kuti mpaka kumayambiriro kwa 2030, matenda ashuga adzayambitsa kupha munthu m'modzi pa asanu ndi awiri pa dziko lapansi.

Zambiri pazomwe zikuchitika mu Russian Federation

Matenda a shuga ku Russia akuchulukirachulukira. Masiku ano, Russian Federation ndi amodzi mwa mayiko asanu omwe akutsogolera ziwerengero zokhumudwitsa izi.

Malinga ndi chidziwitso chaku boma, chiwerengero cha odwala matenda ashuga ku Russia ndi anthu pafupifupi 11 miliyoni. Malinga ndi akatswiri, anthu ambiri sakayikira ngakhale pang'ono kuti ali ndi matenda amenewa. Chifukwa chake, manambala enieni amatha kuchuluka pafupifupi kawiri.

Ku Russian Federation, pafupifupi makumi atatu a ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiritsa matenda amaperekedwa kuchokera ku bajeti yathanzi.

Kanema wokhudza anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga adayang'aniridwa posachedwa ndi kanema wapanyumba. Kuunikaku kukuwonetsa momwe matenda am'mudzimo akuwonekera mdziko muno, njira zomwe akuchitapo pofuna kuthana ndi izi, ndi momwe chithandizo chikuchitika.

Omwe akutchulidwa kwambiri mu filimuyi ndi omwe amasewera omwe anali USSR ndi Russia yamakono, omwe adapezekanso ndi matenda a shuga.

Kukula kwa zamatenda kutengera mtundu wa matenda ashuga

Nthawi zambiri, matenda a shuga amakhala ngati njira yodziyimira payekha. Anthu azaka zambiri amatha kudwala - pambuyo zaka makumi anayi. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mitundu yachiwiri ya shuga isanatengedwe ngati njira ya anthu opuma pantchito. Popita nthawi kwa zaka zambiri, milandu yambiri yawonekera pamene matendawa amayamba osati ali aang'ono, komanso kwa ana ndi achinyamata.

Monga lamulo, ndizotheka kudziwa mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga m'magawo oyamba mwangozi - pakaunikidwe pafupipafupi kapena pozindikira kuti mudziwe matenda ena.

Monga lamulo, imayamba kukula mwa ana kapena muunyamata. Kupezeka kwake kuli pafupifupi khumi peresenti ya zonse zolembedwa zamtunduwu.