Momwe mungadziwire mtundu wa shuga popanda mayeso?

Matenda a shuga amakhudza tsiku lililonse anthu ambiri. Matendawa amadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Kukhazikitsa kukhalapo kwa matenda, ndikokwanira kudziwa zomwe zimatsatana ndi matendawa. Matenda a shuga a Type 1 amapezeka motsutsana ndi maziko amisala omwe amachitika mu autoimmune system pomwe insulin singapangidwe.

Koma zimachitika kuti njira yopanga mahomoni siyidodometsedwa, komabe, insulin sikuwoneka ndi ziwalo zathupi. Pankhaniyi, mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga umayamba.

Palinso mitundu ina ya matenda. Chimodzi mwazomwezi ndi matenda a shuga a gestational, omwe amapezeka nthawi yoyembekezera ndikusowa pambuyo pogwira ntchito.

Njira yachilendo yowonjezera shuga ndi matenda a shuga. Zimachitika pakagwiritsidwa ntchito majini, omwe amakhudza kupanga kwa insulin. Koma momwe mungadziwire shuga kunyumba?

Zizindikiro zoyambira

Kuti muzindikire matenda a shuga muyenera kulabadira zizindikiro zake zingapo. Koma kuopsa kwa chiwonetserochi kumatengera zinthu zosiyanasiyana (matenda ophatikizika, zaka, kuchuluka kwa matenda ashuga), zomwe ndizofunikanso kuziganizira.

Ngati pali matenda ashuga, mungadziwe bwanji kunyumba? Chinthu choyamba muyenera kulabadira pafupipafupi komanso kuchuluka kwa kukodza. Ngati kukakamira kumawonedwa pafupipafupi, ndipo mkodzo umachotsedwa wambiri, ndiye kuti pali vuto la hyperglycemia.

Ngati musintha kulemera, popanda kuchita khama lanu, ndiye kuti mwayi wokhala ndi matenda nawonso umakulanso. Mavuto azakudya za shuga atha kukhalapo chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwa glucose.

Chizindikiro chinanso chomwe chimatsimikiza kupezeka kwa matenda ashuga ndicho machiritso amtundu wa mabala ngakhale pang'ono. Komanso, odwala amatenga matenda opatsirana.

Mu shuga, monga lamulo, wodwalayo amamva kufooka komanso kutopa. Nthawi zambiri masomphenyawa amachepa.

Komabe, zizindikilo zonsezi zimatha kuchitika mofatsa kapena mwamphamvu. Kuphatikiza apo, aliyense wodwala matendawa amakhala ndi zomwe ali nazo.

Chizindikiro choyamba cha matenda ashuga ndi ludzu lalikulu. Zikuwoneka motsutsana ndi kumbuyo kwa kusowa kwa mphamvu pamene thupi limayesetsa kunyowa.

Mutha kuyankhulanso za kukhalapo kwa matenda a hyperglycemia nthawi yanjala. Kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, kuchuluka kwa insulin kumachepa, komwe kumayambitsa chidwi chambiri.

Mungamvetsetsanso ngati muli ndi matenda ashuga pazizindikiro izi:

kusenda ndi kuyanika pakhungu,
kukokana mu minofu ya ng'ombe
kamwa yowuma
kusanza ndi mseru
dzanzi ndi kupsinjika kwa manja,
maphunziro a xantom
kuyamwa kwa ziwalo, m'mimba, miyendo ndi manja,
kutupa
kufooka kwa minofu
kuchepa tsitsi pamiyendo ndi kukula kwokhazikika pamaso.

Zowopsa

Sonyezani shuga yanu kapena sankhani jenda pamayendedwe Akusaka Osapezeka Kusaka sakupeza Kusaka sikupezeka

Pafupifupi aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kukhala ndi chifukwa chotithandizira. Chifukwa chake, kuti mudziwe bwino za kukhalapo kwa matendawa, kuphatikiza pazizindikiro, ndikofunikira kulabadira zowopsa.

Chifukwa chake, kuthekera kwa matenda ashuga kumachulukirachulukira ngati wachibale wawo ali kale ndi matendawa. Kunenepa kwambiri kumathandizanso kuti matenda ayambe kukula.

Kuphatikiza apo, atherosclerosis, yomwe imatsitsa ziwiya za kapamba ndi matenda a endocrine system (kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa chithokomiro cha chithokomiro, mavuto omwe amapezeka m'matumbo a gitu ndi adrenal gland) imabweretsa kukula kwa matenda a shuga.

Komanso, mawonekedwe a matenda oopsa a hyperglycemia amalimbikitsidwa ndi kusokonezeka m'magazi a lipoprotein, matenda apakhungu (khansa, kapamba) ndi matenda opatsirana ndi ma virus (rubella, chikuku, chikuku).Kulemba kosalondola kungathandizenso kukulitsa matendawa, momwe mumakhala kuchuluka kwamankhwala ochulukitsidwa omenyedwera motsutsana ndi fiber yaying'ono komanso coarse.

Chinthu chotsatira chomwe chikukulitsa mwayi wa matenda ashuga ndiko kupitiliza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala angapo. Izi zikuphatikizapo Hypothiazide, Furosemide, Somatostatin, Prednisolone, ndi zina zotero.

Ngakhale mwayi wopeza matendawa umawonjezereka nthawi zina:

kupsinjika kwakukulu ndi kupsinjika,
kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo pa nthawi yoyembekezera kapena kubadwa kwa mwana wolemera kwambiri,
mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena mowa,
matenda oopsa oopsa
moyo wosachita bwino.

Momwe mungamvetsetse mtundu wa shuga ndi zizindikiro?

Kuphatikiza kuzindikiritsa matenda a shuga okha, ambiri ali ndi chidwi ndi funso, lingakhale mtundu wanji? Chifukwa chake, mu mawonekedwe oyamba (odalira insulin) matendawa, ambiri mwa zizindikiro zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa zilipo.

Kusiyanaku kumangokhala kuwonekera kwa zizindikiro. Ndi matenda amtunduwu, kulumpha lakuthwa m'magazi a magazi.

Mwa abambo ndi amayi, matendawa amakula mwachangu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azikhala ndi vuto loti azitha ndipo amatha kumapuma. Chinanso chowonetsera cha matenda am'mimba ndichothamanga thupi (mpaka 15 makilogalamu m'miyezi iwiri). Nthawi yomweyo, ntchito yogwira wodwala imachepa, amafunafuna kugona nthawi zonse ndipo akumva kufooka.

Gawo loyambirira la chitukuko cha mtundu woyamba wa shuga limawonetsedwa ndi njala yayikulu. Kenako, matendawa akamakula, matenda a anorexia amachitika. Zomwe zimayambitsa zimagona pamaso pa ketoacidosis, pomwe imaphatikizidwa ndi kupuma movutikira, kupweteka kwam'mimba, kusanza ndi mseru.

Kuphatikiza apo, mtundu woyamba wa shuga umapezeka kwambiri kwa odwala osakwana zaka 40. Akuluakulu nthawi zambiri amapatsidwa vuto lolakwika - matenda 2. Zotsatira zake, matendawa amakula mwachangu, zomwe zimatsogolera kuwoneka ketoacidosis.

Kodi mungadziwe bwanji mtundu wa matenda ashuga odwala azaka zopitilira 40? Inde, ambiri a m'badwo uno amakhala ndi nthenda yodziyimira payekha ya matenda.

Poyamba, kuzindikira kuti sizovuta sikophweka, chifukwa palibe chithunzi chamankhwala. Chifukwa chake, tanthauzo la matendawa limachitika ngati mumayeseza magazi mwachangu. Komabe, matenda a pathology amapezeka pafupipafupi mwa anthu omwe ali ndi mavuto a kunenepa kwambiri, kuthamanga kwa magazi komanso ngati pali vuto la metabolic.

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti shuga yachiwiri imakhala yokhala ndi ludzu komanso kusokonekera kosalekeza. Koma nthawi zambiri odwala amakhala ndi khungu la kuyabwa kumaliseche, mikono ndi miyendo.

Popeza matendawa nthawi zambiri amatenga mtundu wamphepete, omwe amadalira matenda a insulin amatha kupezeka pokhapokha patatha zaka zochepa mwangozi. Chifukwa chake, kupezeka kwa matendawa kungathe kuwonetsedwa ndi zovuta zake, zomwe zimapangitsa wodwala kufunafuna chithandizo chamankhwala kwathunthu.

Zizindikiro

Momwe mungadziwire matenda a shuga kudzera poyesa? Masiku ano, pali mayeso angapo othandizira kudziwa ngati pali hyperglycemia wodwala kunyumba.

Kotero kuchuluka kwa shuga amawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer. Kuphatikiza pa chipangizocho, zingwe zoyesera ndi lancet (kuboola singano) zimaphatikizidwa.

Musanayambe phunziroli, muyenera kusamba m'manja kuti zotsatira zake zisasokonezedwe ndi zotsalazo za zakudya zotsekemera ndi zina zodetsa. Koma ndimawerenge ati omwe ndi abwinobwino?

Ngati kusala kwambiri kwamisempha ya magazi kumayambira 70 mpaka 130 mmol / L, ndiye kuti palibe chifukwa chodera nkhawa. Maola 2 mutatha kulemba, zizindikiro ziyenera kukhala zosakwana 180 mmol / L.

Kodi mungadziwe bwanji shuga? Njira yodziwikirayi imakuthandizani kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwa glucose mumkodzo, pokhapokha ngati kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, pamene ndende ya shuga imakhala yochepera 180 mmol / l, zotsatira sizotsimikizika.

Mutha kuwonanso matendawa pogwiritsa ntchito zida za A1C.Imazindikira hemoglobin A1C, yomwe sayenera kupitirira 6%, ndipo imazindikira kuchuluka kwa glucose masiku 90 apitawa.

Koma kuti mutsimikizire bwino za matendawa, ndikofunikira kuti mukayezetse mayeso osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo:

kuyeserera kwa shuga
kuyezetsa magazi
kudziwa kuchuluka kwa insulin, hemoglobin ndi C-peptide,
kuyesa kwa mkodzo kwa matupi a ketone ndi shuga.

Mu kanema munkhaniyi, Elena Malysheva amafotokoza momwe angadziwire shuga kunyumba.

Sonyezani shuga yanu kapena sankhani jenda pamayendedwe Akusaka Osapezeka Kusaka sakupeza Kusaka sikupezeka

Tanthauzo la mtundu wa matenda ashuga

Shuga mellitus ndi matenda a endocrine omwe amadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa shuga wamagazi chifukwa chosowa insulini. Zikondamoyo sizimapanganso insulin, yomwe imakhudzidwa ndikupanga shuga mu glucose.

Zotsatira zake, shuga amadziunjikira m'magazi, ndikuwachotsa kudzera mu impso. Pamodzi ndi shuga, madzi ambiri amachotsedwa m'thupi.

Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumawonjezeka, koma pali kusowa kwa izi mu minofu ya ziwalo.

Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosavuta kudziwa matenda, chifukwa odwala ambiri amatembenukira kwa endocrinologist mochedwa, pomwe chithunzi cha chipatala chawoneka kale. Ndipo nthawi zina anthu amapita kwa dokotala atazindikira kale matendawo. Momwe mungadziwire mtundu wa matenda ashuga komanso ndi zomwe mungatsatire kuti mukambirane.

Mwazi wamagazi - wabwinobwino, kupatuka

Ngati mukukayikira matenda a shuga, funsani kwa endocrinologist yemwe adzayambitsa maphunziro angapo. Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kumathandizira kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga, chifukwa ichi ndi chofunikira kwambiri chidziwitso cha thanzi la odwala matenda ashuga. Odwala amapereka magazi kuti afufuze, kuti adokotala awonetsetse momwe kagayidwe kazinthu kameneka kamakhalira.

Shuga wamwazi ndi chizindikiro cha matenda ashuga

Kuti mupeze zotsatira zodalirika, choyamba pezani kuchuluka kwa shuga, kenako khalani ndi magazi ndi shuga (mayeso a shuga).

Zotsatira za kuwunikiridwa zikuwonetsedwa patebulo:

Nthawi yosanthula	Magazi a capillary	Magazi magazi
Ntchito wamba
Pamimba yopanda kanthu	pafupifupi 5.5	mpaka 6.1
Mukatha kudya kapena kumwa shuga	pafupifupi 7.8	mpaka 7.8
Matenda a shuga
Pamimba yopanda kanthu	za 6.1	mpaka 7
Mukatha kudya chakudya kapena mafuta osungunuka	za 11.1	mpaka 11.1
Matenda a shuga
Pamimba yopanda kanthu	kuyambira 6.1 ndi zina	kuyambira 7
Mukatha kudya kapena shuga	zopitilira 11.1	kuyambira 11.1

Pambuyo pa maphunziro omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa, pali kufunika kuzindikira zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

Baudouin mgawo - kuchuluka kwa shuga ndende 60 patatha shuga kuyesedwa kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi pamimba yopanda kanthu. Mulingo wabwinoko ndi 1.7.
Rafalsky mgawo - kuchuluka kwa glucose (120 maminiti pambuyo shuga katundu) kuti shuga ndende. Nthawi zambiri, kufunika kwake sikoposa 1.3.

Kudziwa mfundo ziwiri izi kudzakuthandizani kuzindikira koyenera.

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga 1

Matenda a Type 1 amadalira insulin, amakhala ndi zovuta komanso amakhala ndi vuto lalikulu la metabolic. Vuto lotchedwa autoimmune kapena viral pancreatic lesion limapangitsa kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa insulin m'magazi. Chifukwa cha izi, nthawi zina, chikomokere cha matenda ashuga kapena acidosis chimachitika, momwe mulingo wa asidi-wosokoneza umasokonekera.

M ludzu ndimzanu wokhazikika wa shuga

Izi zatsimikiziridwa ndi zizindikiro izi:

xerostomia (kuyanika kuchokera mucosa wamlomo),
ludzu, munthu amatha kumwa mpaka malita 5 amadzi mu maola 24,
kulakalaka
kukodza pafupipafupi (kuphatikiza usiku),
kunenepa
kufooka wamba
kuyabwa kwa khungu.

Kusavomerezeka kwa mwana kapena wamkulu kumafooka, wodwalayo amakhala pachiwopsezo cha matenda opatsirana.Kuphatikiza apo, zithunzi zowoneka zimachepetsedwa, mwa akulu, chilakolako chogonana chimachepetsedwa.

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga a Type 2

Matenda a shuga a insulin odziimira amadziwika ndi insulin yosakwanira ya insulin komanso kuchepa kwa zochitika za ß-cell zomwe zimatulutsa timadzi timeneti. Matendawa amapezeka chifukwa cha majini osafunikira a insulin.

Matendawa nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa anthu opitilira zaka 40 akulemera mopitirira muyeso, matendawa amawonekera pang'onopang'ono. Kuzindikira kwadzidzidzi kumawopseza zovuta za mtima.

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2 ali onenepa kwambiri.

Zizindikiro zotsatirazi ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti zitha kudziwa mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga:

ulesi
kuvutika kwakumbuyo kwakanthawi
ludzu, wodwalayo amamwa mpaka malita asanu a madzi,
kukodza mwachangu usiku,
Mabala samachiritsa kwa nthawi yayitali,
Khungu
matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi,
kutopa.

Kuzindikira mwadzidzidzi kumawopseza kuwonongeka kwa ma cell ambiri a beta, kugunda kwa mtima, sitiroko, kapena kusawona.

Odwala otsatirawa ali pachiwopsezo:

Matenda opangidwa ndi matenda ashuga,
Kunenepa kwambiri
Amayi omwe abereka ana olemera makilogalamu anayi ndi kupitilira apo ndi glucose panthawi yapakati.

Kukhalapo kwa zovuta zotere kumawonetsa kuti muyenera kuyang'anira shuga nthawi zonse.

Mitundu ina ya matenda ashuga

Madokotala amasiyanitsa mitundu yamatendawa:

Kuwerenga koyenera: Zizindikiro za matenda amtundu wa 2 mwa azimayi

Gestational ndi mtundu wa matenda ashuga omwe amakula nthawi yomwe mayi ali ndi pakati. Chifukwa chosowa insulini, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumawonjezeka. Pathology imadutsa palokha pambuyo pobereka.
Latent (Lada) ndi mtundu wapakatikati wa matendawa, omwe nthawi zambiri amadziwika ngati mtundu wake wa 2. Ichi ndi matenda a autoimmune omwe amadziwika ndi kuwonongeka kwa maselo a beta chifukwa chodziteteza kwawo. Odwala amatha kupita popanda insulin kwa nthawi yayitali. Mankhwala, mankhwalawa amtundu wa 2 odwala matenda ashuga amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mtundu wodwala kapena wamtulo wamatenda umadziwika ndi shuga wamagazi. Kulekerera kwa glucose kumavulala. Pambuyo potulutsa shuga, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumachepa. Matenda a shuga amatha kuchitika zaka 10. Chithandizo chapadera sichofunikira, koma adokotala ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa momwe wodwalayo alili.
Mu shuga yolembedwa, hyperglycemia (kuchuluka kwa shuga) imalowetsedwa ndi hypoglycemia (shuga yafupika) tsiku lonse. Matenda amtunduwu nthawi zambiri amakhala ovuta chifukwa cha ketoacidosis (metabolic acidosis), yomwe imasandulika kukhala chikomokere cha matenda ashuga.
Idalipira. Matendawa amadziwika ndi shuga wambiri, kupezeka kwa glucose ndi acetone mkodzo.
Zolipidwa. Kuchulukitsa kwa shuga kumachulukitsidwa, acetone kulibe mkodzo, gawo lina la glucose limatuluka kudzera mumtsempha wa kwamkodzo.
Matenda a shuga. Kwa matenda amtunduwu, kuperewera kwa vasopressin (mahomoni antidiuretic). Mtundu wa matendawa umadziwika ndi kutulutsa kwamkodzo mosadukiza komanso kambiri (kuyambira malita 6 mpaka 15), ludzu usiku. Odwala, chilimbikitso chimachepa, kunenepa kumachepa, kufooka, kusakwiya, ndi zina zambiri.

Mtundu uliwonse wa matenda ashuga umafunikira njira inayake, chifukwa chake ngati mukukumana ndi zofooka zokayikitsa, funsani endocrinologist.

Zowonjezera

Ngati pali zizindikiro zotchulidwa, kuyezetsa magazi kumachitika, ngati chikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa glucose, ndiye kuti dokotalayo amazindikira matenda a shuga ndikupereka chithandizo.

Kudziwitsa sikungapangidwe popanda zikhalidwe. Izi ndichifukwa chakuti hyperglycemia imatha kuchitika chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana, zoopsa kapena kupsinjika.

Potere, mulingo wa shuga umasinthidwa mosadalira popanda chithandizo.

Njira zamakono zodziwonera zasayansi zithandizira kudziwa mtundu wa matenda ashuga

Izi ndiye zizindikiro zazikulu zowonjezera pakufufuza.

PGTT ndi mayeso ololera a glucose.Kuti muchite izi, yang'anani magazi a wodwala omwe akutenga pamimba yopanda kanthu. Ndipo pomwepo wodwalayo amamwa madzi amchere a shuga. Pakatha mphindi 120, magazi amatengedwanso kukayezetsa.

Odwala ambiri ali ndi chidwi ndi funso lazotsatira zomwe zingachitike pamayesedwe awa komanso momwe angawerengere. Zotsatira za PGTT ndi msempha wamagazi pambuyo pa mphindi 120:

7.8 mmol / l - kulolera kwa glucose ndikwabwinobwino,
11.1 mmol / l - kulekerera kumakhala kovuta.

Palibe zizindikiro, kafukufukuyu amachitika nthawi zina ziwiri.

Akatswiri a WHO amalimbikitsa mwamphamvu kuti kuyesa kwa matenda a glycosylated hemoglobin kuchitidwe kuti adziwe matendawa. Zotsatira za HbA1c˃ = 6.5%, matenda a shuga amapezeka, omwe ayenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi kafukufuku wachiwiri.

Zizindikiro za matenda amtundu 1 komanso matenda ashuga 2

Malinga ndi ziwerengero, pafupifupi 20% ya odwala amadwala matenda amtundu 1, mitundu yonse ya 2 odwala matenda ashuga. Poyamba, zizindikiro zotchulidwa zikuwoneka, matendawo amayamba modzidzimutsa, kunenepa kwambiri kulibe, chachiwiri - zizindikiro siziri zowopsa, odwala ndi anthu onenepa kwambiri kuyambira zaka 40 ndi akulu.

Kusiyanitsa mtundu wa 1 ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 ndikofunikira kwambiri, popeza njira zamankhwala zimadalira

Mtundu wina wa matenda ashuga ukhoza kupezeka pamayeso otsatirawa:

mayeso a c-peptide azindikira ngati maselo ß atulutsa insulin,
autoimmune antibody test,
kusanthula pamakulidwe a matupi a ketone,
kufufuza kwa majini.

Kuti adziwe mtundu wa wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, madokotala amalabadira mfundo izi:

Mtundu 1	Mtundu 2
M'badwo wopirira
zosakwana zaka 30	kuyambira zaka 40 ndi kupitilira
Kunenepa kwambiri
wonenepa	onenepa kwambiri mu 80% ya milandu
Matenda oyamba
lakuthwa	yosalala
Nyengo ya matenda
kugwa nthawi yozizira	chilichonse
Njira ya matendawa
pali nthawi zina zowonjezera	khola
Kukonzekereratu kwa ketoacidosis
mkulu	zolimbitsa, chiwopsezo chikuwonjezereka ndi kuvulala, opaleshoni, etc.
Kuyesa kwa magazi
kuchuluka kwa glucose ndikokwera, matupi a ketone alipo	shuga wamkulu, zomwe zili ndi ketone wapakati
Kafukufuku wa urine
shuga ndi acetone	shuga
C-peptide m'madzi a m'magazi
otsika kwambiri	kuchuluka kwapakati, koma nthawi zambiri kumachulukitsa, ndikudwala kwanthawi yayitali kumachepa
Ma antibodies kwa? - Cell
wapezeka mu 80% ya odwala m'masiku 7 oyambirira a matenda	palibe

Matenda a 2 a matenda a shuga sagwirizana kwenikweni ndi matenda ashuga komanso ketoacidosis. Mankhwala, makonzedwe apiritsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito, mosiyana ndi matenda amtundu wa 1.

Matenda a shuga

Matendawa amakhudza thupi lonse, chitetezo chofooka chimafooka, chimfine, chibayo chimayamba kupezeka. Matenda a ziwalo zopumira amakhala ndi vuto losatha. Ndi matenda a shuga, mwayi wokhala ndi chifuwa chachikulu ukuwonjezeka, matendawa amachulukana.

Onse omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba ndi 2, pamakhala ziwalo zambiri ndi machitidwe

Kubisala kwa michere yogaya yomwe kapamba amatulutsa imachepetsedwa, ndipo m'mimba mumasokonekera. Izi ndichifukwa choti shuga imawonongera mitsempha yamagazi yomwe imadzaza ndi michere ndi mitsempha yomwe imayang'anira gawo logaya chakudya.

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amachulukitsa matenda a kwamikodzo (impso, ureters, chikhodzodzo, etc.). Izi ndichifukwa chakuti odwala omwe ali ndi chitetezo chofooka amakhala ndi matenda a shuga. Kuphatikiza apo, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayamba chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'thupi.

Odwala omwe ali pachiwopsezo ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa thanzi ndipo ngati mawonekedwe awonekera apezeka, funsani kwa endocrinologist. Njira zamankhwala pochizira matenda amtundu wa 2 ndi mtundu wa 2 ndizosiyana. Dokotala amathandizira kukhazikitsa dokotala komanso kupereka mankhwala oyenera. Popewa zovuta, wodwalayo ayenera kutsatira upangiri wa chipatala mosamalitsa.

Kodi zizindikiro za matenda ndi chiyani?

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga zimayambira kucholowa, kapena zimachitika chifukwa cha matenda osiyanasiyana, kapena zimayambitsa moyo wosayenera. Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga:

Heredity, pamaso pa abale a odwala matenda ashuga,
Zoopsa zamtundu
Kunenepa kwambiri (gawo lililonse la kunenepa kwambiri)
Matenda a kapamba (makamaka kapamba, khansa, ndi zina),
Atherossteosis, yomwe idayambitsa kuchepa kwamatumbo
Njira za pathological mu endocrine system (Hyperfunction kapena hypofunction ya chithokomiro, matenda a gren adrenal kapena pituitary gland),
Zotsatira zamatenda oyamba ndi ma virus (nthomba, chimfine, chikuku, rubella),
Kukula kwamapuloteni amwazi,
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwakanthawi mankhwala ena (furosemide, prednisone, cyclformazide, pituitary somatostatin, hypothiazide),
Kuchuluka kwa shuga pamimba, kapena kubadwa kwa mwana wolemera kuposa makilogalamu 4.5,
Kupanikizika kwambiri kwa nthawi yayitali,
Kukhala pansi, wosalumikizana ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi
Kupanikizika kwambiri kwamaganizidwe komwe kumayambitsa kupsinjika
Uchidakwa wopitilira muyeso komanso mankhwala osokoneza bongo,
Zakudya zopanda pake (pali gawo lochulukirapo lazakudya zowonjezera bwino zamafuta ochepa omwe amakhala ndi zakudya zophatikizika ndi CHIKWANGWANI).

Matenda a shuga amatha kukhala asymptomatic. Mwachitsanzo, matendawa adapangidwa, atapita kukaonana ndi dokotala wamaso. Nthawi yomweyo, pali mndandanda wazisonyezo zamatenda athunthu, komanso mitundu ina ya matenda ashuga - makamaka. Kuwonetsedwa kwa matendawa kumatengera kuchuluka kwa kuchepa kwa insulin katulutsidwe, "zaka" za matenda ashuga komanso chikhalidwe chazonse chathanzi la wodwalayo.

Mu thupi lathanzi, mukatha kudya, shuga wamagazi amawonjezeka. Komabe, patatha maola angapo, chiwerengerochi chikusintha. Kuchita mwachilengedwe kwa thupi la munthu kumasokonezedwa ndi kagayidwe kachakudya koyipa ka shuga mthupi. Zotsatira zake, matenda ashuga ali ndi izi:

Ludzu lalikulu lomwe silitha kuzimitsa (madzi akumwa amatha kufikira malita asanu ndi anayi patsiku),
Kukodza kwadzidzidzi, kukumananso ngakhale usiku,
Khungu lowuma
Pakamwa pakamwa
Kulakalaka kwambiri ndi njala yosatha,
Kufooka minofu, kutopa, kutopa, kupanda chidwi,
Zosavomerezeka,
Kukokana mu ana a ng'ombe
Kuwona koperewera
Zilonda zoyipa komanso zazitali
Kusanza ndi kusanza
Kuchepetsa thupi mwachangu (monga matenda a shuga 1)
Kunenepa kwambiri (ndi matenda a 2),
Kukhazikika kwanthawi zonse pakhungu, pamimba, miyendo ndi mikono,
Matenda a pakhungu
Paresthesia ndi dzanzi m'miyendo,
Kuchepetsa tsitsi
Kukula kwakanthawi kwa tsitsi lanu,
Zizindikiro monga chimfine
Kukula kochepa kwamtundu wachikasu pa thupi (xanthomas),
Kutupa kwa chikopa (balanoposthitis), chomwe ndi zotsatira za kukoka pafupipafupi.

Zizindikiro za matenda amtundu 1 amakhala ndi zambiri zomwe zimawonetsa mu shuga. Kusiyanako ndikukusiyanasiyana kwa zizindikiro. Mbali ya matenda a shuga 1 ndi kusinthasintha kowopsa m'magazi a glucose: kuchokera pamwamba mpaka otsika, komanso mosemphanitsa. Mkati mwa matendawa, kusinthika kwadzidzidzi kumachitika, mpaka kutsika.

Chizindikiro china chofunikira cha matenda amtundu woyamba ndicho kuchepa msanga kwa thupi, nthawi zina mpaka kufika pa 10-15 kg m'miyezi iwiri yoyambirira. Kuchepetsa thupi kwambiri kumayendetsedwa ndi kufooka kwambiri, kusagwira bwino ntchito komanso kugona.

Komanso, kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, kulakalaka kudya kumakhala kambiri kwambiri. M'tsogolo, matendawa akamakula, matenda a anorexia amakula.

Amawoneka motsutsana ndi maziko a ketoacidosis, omwe amatha kuzindikira kununkhira kwa zipatso kuchokera mkamwa, nseru ndi kusanza, kupweteka pamimba.

Matenda a shuga a Type 1 nthawi zambiri amawonekera mwachangu kwa achinyamata, ndipo samatchulidwa kwambiri kwa anthu azaka zopitilira 40.

Odwala omwe ali m'gulu la okalamba nthawi zambiri amapezeka ndi matenda a shuga a 2 ndipo amapatsidwa mankhwala omwe amathandiza kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi.

Matendawa amakula, wodwalayo amachepetsa thupi komanso amatha kugwira ntchito, ndipo zotsatira za mankhwala omwe amaperekedwa kale amatha. Zotsatira zake, ketoacidosis imayamba.

Matendawa nthawi zambiri amawonekera mwa anthu opitilira zaka 40. Zizindikiro zomwe zanenedwa za matenda a shuga a 2 nthawi zambiri sizichitika. Kuzindikira koyenera kumazindikiridwa ndi kuyezetsa magazi mosasinthika kwa shuga akusala. Gulu lalikulu lomwe lili pachiwopsezo ndi anthu: onenepa kwambiri, omwe ali ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi mitundu ina ya metabolic syndrome.

Madokotala amazindikira kusakhalapo kwa madandaulo a kukodza pafupipafupi ndi ludzu. Choyambitsa nkhawa nthawi zambiri ndikumayamwa kwa khungu la malekezero ndi kuyabwa m'ziwalo. Chifukwa chake, pakukhazikitsa matenda a "shuga" nthawi zambiri amakhala ofesi ya dermatologist.

Chifukwa cha chithunzi chobisika cha chipatala, kupezeka kwa matenda a shuga nthawi zina kumachedwetsedwa kwa zaka zingapo. Pankhani imeneyi, pofika nthawi yodziwitsa za matendawa, matendawo amatulutsa zovuta (chifukwa chomwe wodwalayo amapita kwa dokotala).

Nthawi zina kudziwikaku kumachitika muofesi ya dokotala wa opaleshoni (mwachitsanzo, ngati phazi la matenda ashuga lapezeka) kapena kwa opaleshoni ya mtima (retinopathy).

Odwala nthawi zambiri amaphunzira za hyperglycemia atadwala matenda a stroko kapena mtima.

Kuvuta kodziwa mtundu wa matenda ashuga koyambirira ndikomwe kumayambitsa zovuta zazikulu mtsogolo. Ndikofunikira kulingalira mosamala zazomwe zikuwonekeratu ndipo ngati mawonekedwe osiyana azidziwitsidwa, pitani kuchipatala msanga.

Kafukufuku wambiri amachitika kuti azindikire kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi:

Kuti mudziwe bwino, sikokwanira kungoyerekeza kuchuluka kwa shuga pamimba yopanda kanthu. Zimafunikanso kutsimikiza kwa shuga m'magawo awiri mutatha kudya.

Nthawi zina (kumayambiriro kwa matendawa), kumangochitika kuphwanya magazi, ngakhale kuti mulingo wake m'magazi umakhala wokhazikika. Izi zikuchitika chifukwa chakuti thupi pakadali pano limasungabe ndalama zobwezeretsera.

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kuyenera kukwaniritsa njira zingapo:

Osamadya maola 10 kusanthula,
vitamini C ndi oletsedwa, komanso mankhwala omwe angakhudze zotsatira za kusanthula,
ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kupsinjika kwa thupi kwakuthupi.

Mulingo woyenera kwambiri wa shuga ndi 3.3-3,5 millimole / lita.

Urinalysis yamatumbo a ketone ndi shuga

Nthawi zina, matupi a ketone ndi shuga kulibe mkodzo. Kuwoneka kwa glucose mu mkodzo kumatheka pokhapokha kuchuluka kwake m'magazi a 8 kapena mamililita / lita. Ngati chizindikiro chizidutsa gawo lovuta, impso sizitha, ndipo mamolekyulu a shuga amalowa mkodzo.

Matenda a shuga amadziwika ndi kusakwanira kuyamwa ndikupanga shuga ndi maselo. Kuchuluka kwa glucose kumawonedwa m'magazi, koma nthawi yomweyo maselo amavutika ndi kusowa mphamvu ndipo amakakamizidwa kuphwanya mafuta kuti apulumutsidwe.

Pakati pajambule, zinyalala zapoizoni zimamasulidwa - matupi a ketone, kuchotsa komwe kumachitika kudzera impso.

Mayeso a kulolera a glucose

Kuyeza kumeneku ndikofunikira kuti mudziwe: matenda ashuga ndi prediabetes ali pangozi. Asanayesedwe, wodwalayo amamwa pamimba yopanda 75 g ya shuga wosakanizidwa ndi madzi. Patatha maola awiri, shuga wamagazi amayeza.

Kwa gawo loyamba la magazi (omwe amatengedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu), kuchuluka kwa shuga kwamphamvu ndi 3.3-5,5 mamililita / lita.

Kwa gawo lachiwiri (lotengedwa pambuyo pa maola awiri): mpaka 7.8 mmol / lita - yabwinobwino, 7.8-11.0 mmol / lita - kulolerana kwa shuga (i.e. prediabetes), ndi zonse zomwe ndizoposa 11.0 mmol / lita - shuga.

Momwe mungadziwire shuga popanda kuyesa

Matenda a shuga lero akupitilizabe kukhala matenda okwanira.Pofotokoza ndiye nthawi yomwe kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumayamba kupitilira chizindikiro ndi mtengo wovomerezeka. Wotsitsika wa matendawa amakhala m'chochitika chakuti kwa nthawi yayitali sadziwonetsera mwanjira iliyonse.

Ndi chifukwa ichi kuti ndikofunikira kudziwa zomwe zikuluzikulu za matenda am'mimba zimatha kudziwa momwe mungadziwire matenda ashuga m'migawo yoyambirira kwambiri. Chifukwa cha izi, ndizotheka kuti musungowonjezera shuga pamlingo woyenera, komanso kuimitsa matendawa asanakhumudwitse thanzi.

Kodi matenda ashuga ndi chiani?
Momwe mungadziwire matenda a shuga?

Kodi matenda ashuga ndi chiani?

Kutengera mtundu wamatenda, zizindikiro zake zimasiyana. Mankhwala, mitundu yotsatirayi ya shuga imadziwika:

gulu loyamba
gulu lachiwiri
mtundu wanyimbo
matenda a neonatal.

Ntchito ya kapamba wathu ndikupanga insulini yoyenera. Chifukwa cha izi, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumayang'aniridwa nthawi zonse. Ngati, chifukwa cha kuphwanya dongosolo la autoimmune, kusokonezeka pakupezeka kwa timadzi timeneti, titha kuona zomwe munthu akudwala matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba.

Ngati timadzi timene timapangika mwachilengedwe, koma mphamvu yake ndiyotsika, tikulankhula za matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2. Nthawi yomweyo, onse matenda a mtundu woyamba komanso matenda amtundu wachiwiri amawonetseredwa ndi zizindikilo za matenda ashuga.

Kukula kwa matenda omwe amadziwika kuti ndi neonatal matenda a shuga kumafotokozedwa ndi kukhalapo kwa jini losinthika, lomwe limayambitsa kupanga insulin.

Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti kudwala kwamtunduwu ndizosowa kwenikweni.
Zomwe zimayambitsa shuga wambiri, kuphatikiza ndi matenda ashuga, zimathanso kupezeka m'mimba.

Pankhaniyi, tikukamba za matenda omwe amatchedwa gestational. Matenda amtundu uwu ndi chikhalidwe cha akazi omwe akuyembekezera mwana.

Izi zikusonyeza kuti kapamba sangathe kupatsa thupi la mayi woyembekezera kuchuluka kwa mahomoni. Komabe, nthawi zambiri pambuyo poti ma crumb awoneka, matendawa amazimiririka.

Momwe mungadziwire matenda a shuga?

Pali mitundu yonse yazizindikiro yomwe imawonetsa mwayi wokhala ndi matenda "okoma". Chifukwa chake, zizindikiro zazikulu ndizophatikizira:

kukodza pafupipafupi
kusintha koopsa kwa thupi,
kutopa kosalekeza
kamwa yowuma
malingaliro osaletseka aanjala
kusinthasintha
kusangalala kwambiri pamalingaliro,
kuchuluka kwa matenda opatsirana,
machiritso amtundu wa zilonda pakhungu.

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti kutsimikiza mtima kwa mtundu wa matenda ashuga ndikwabwino kwa dokotala. Kuti izi zitheke, monga lamulo, kudutsa mayeso ena ndikudutsa mayeso angapo kukufunika.

Anthu ambiri satha kukayikira kuti ayamba kudwala matendawa. Itha kutsimikizika pokhapokha pakufunsidwa ndi dokotala kapena ngati mukuwona zozizwitsa.

Momwe mungadziwire matenda a shuga: Zizindikiro zazikulu za matendawa?

Matenda a shuga sangathe kudziwonetsa pena pokha pokha. Kuti mudziwe kupezeka kwa matendawa, ngakhale mu mawonekedwe obisika, mutha kuonana ndi akatswiri. Koma kuti musaphonye matenda a shuga mwa inu nokha komanso okondedwa anu, muyenera kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa komanso momwe zimadziwonekera.

Ndani ali ndi matenda ashuga?

Nthawi zambiri, chidwi chamatenda a shuga chimatha kuzindikira mwa anthu omwe ali ndi izi:

Kupezeka kwa matenda ashuga kwa abale ake,
Kunenepa kwambiri kwa digiri iliyonse
Matenda a kapamba (pancreatitis yayikulu kapena pachimake, khansa, ndi zina).
Pancreatic vasoconstriction chifukwa cha atherosulinosis,
Matenda opatsirana m'mbuyomu (rubella, chimfine, nthomba, chikuku),
Matenda a endocrine dongosolo (hyper- ndi hypofunction ya chithokomiro, matenda a adrenal cortex, pituitary gland),
Khalidwe labwino
Kudya kosaloledwa kwa mankhwala ena (prednisone, pituitary somatostatin, cyclunjiazide, hypothiazide, furosemide),
Kupsinjika kwakukulu pamunthu wodyetsa kale
Kupsinjika kwambiri
Amayi omwe adakulitsa shuga panthawi yapakati, kapena amene abereka mwana woposa 4.5 kg,
Kukula kwa lipoproteins zamagazi,
Kuledzera kwanthawi yayitali komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Kuwonetsedwa kwa matendawa

Nthawi zambiri, chakudya chilichonse chikatha, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumawonjezeka pang'ono, koma pambuyo maola 2 kumakhalanso kwabwinobwino. Izi zimasokonezeka mu matenda a shuga metabolism m'thupi, ndipo zizindikiro zotsatirazi zimachitika:

ludzu lamphamvu losagonjetseka, munthu amatha kumwa malita atatu kapena asanu ndi anayi amadzimadzi patsiku,
kukodza pafupipafupi, komwe kumadetsa nkhawa wodwala ngakhale usiku,
kuyamwa kwa pakhungu pamimba, miyendo, kumaliseche, komwe sikungathenyeke ndi chilichonse,
Khungu layamba kuuma,
pakamwa lowuma
chilala
kufooka kwa minofu ndi kufooka,
mabala amachiritso aatali
kutopa, kugona,
kuchepa thupi kwambiri ndi matenda a shuga 1,
lembani matenda a shuga a 2.

Chifukwa chake, musathamangitse achibale omwe amati: "Mumamwa madzi ambiri - mwina muli ndi matenda a shuga!" Ndikwabwino kukaonana ndi dokotala kuti akuthandizeni.

Pali nthawi zina pomwe matenda ashuga amatha ndipo sizotheka kuzizindikira panthawi. Matendawa amatanthauza kuphwanya mitundu yonse ya njira za metabolic mthupi - osati ma metabolism amthupi omwe amakhudzidwa, komanso mapuloteni, mafuta, mchere, metabolism yamchere. Zotsatira zake, shuga imabweretsa zovuta zazikulu.

Kufotokozera Kwambiri

Matenda a shuga ndi endocrine pathology yomwe kumawonjezera shuga osavomerezeka a magazi (hyperglycemia). Cholinga cha izi chagona pakusowa kapena kusapezeka kwathunthu kwa mahomoni otsogolera kapamba - insulin.

Mkhalidwe wamtunduwu umabweretsa kuphwanya mapuloteni, chakudya, mafuta, mchere komanso madzi amchere wamchere, zomwe zimapangitsa zotsatira zoyipa za ntchito zofunika za thupi, kugunda, choyambirira, kapamba.

Masiku ano, omwe amatchedwa prediabetesic boma, lomwe limayesedwa ngati malire, komanso mitundu itatu yamatendawa imadziwika, ndipo mtundu wachitatu, womwe umatchedwa gestational, umangokhala wokhudzana ndi nthawi yomwe mayi amakhala ndi pakati ndipo umadutsa pakubadwa kwa mwana.

Zodziwika kwambiri ndi mitundu yoyamba (ya insulini) komanso yachiwiri - (yosadalira insulini). Kale mu dzina lokha mutha kugwira kusiyana kwakukulu ndi pakati pawo. Mwambiri, mitundu iyi imasiyana mosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza etiology, pathogenesis, chizindikiro cha zinthu, ndi zina. Dziwani kuti pafupifupi 9 mwa 10 odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ndiwonyamula amtundu wachiwiri.

Mwa jenda la matendawa, palinso azimayi ambiri, amitundu mitundu - oyamba a shuga amakhala makamaka kwa okhala m'tawuni yakumpoto, chachiwiri - kwa omwe achokera kumayiko akuda, Native okhala ku New World, Hispanics, okhala Pacific Islands.

Akatswiri ena amatenga chidwi ndi momwe matendawa amakhudzidwira, akukhulupirira kuti mtundu woyamba umadziwonetsera nthawi yophukira-nyengo yachisanu, ndipo chachiwiri sichofunikira.

Ndi mayeso ati omwe angadutse kuti muzindikire matenda ashuga?

Kuyesa kwelebhu, monga:

kuyezetsa magazi kwa shuga,
kuyesa kwa mkodzo,
urinalasis pamatumbo a ketone,
Kutsimikiza kwa glycosylated hemoglobin,
kuyeserera kwa shuga
kudziwa kuchuluka kwa C-peptide ndi insulin.

Kodi insulin yopanda tanthauzo ndi chifukwa chiyani imafunikira

Insulin imabisidwa ndi kapamba. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikutumiza kwa glucose kusungunuka m'mwazi kupita kuzinthu zonse komanso maselo a thupi. Amachititsanso kuti kagayidwe kazakudya kagayidwe kake kazikhala mwamphamvu. Insulin imathandizira kuphatikiza pa amino acid kenako imasinthira mapuloteni kupita m'maselo.

Pamene kupanga kwa mahomoni kapena kulumikizana kwake ndi ziwalo za thupi kusokonekera, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakwera molimba (izi zimatchedwa hyperglycemia).Ndikupezeka kuti yemwe amayendetsa shuga kulibe, ndipo iye sangathe kulowa m'maselo. Chifukwa chake, kusapereka kwa glucose kosasinthika kumakhalabe m'magazi, kumakhala kowonjezereka ndikulephera kutulutsa okosijeni ndi michere yomwe imafunikira pothandizira njira ya metabolic.

Zotsatira zake, makoma azotengera samatha kulowa ndipo amalephera. Zimakhala zosavuta kuvulaza. Ndi "siz" izi, mitsempha imatha kuvutika. Zochitika zonsezi mumapangidwe amatchedwa shuga.

Zifukwa ndi zovuta

Zifukwa zazikulu, monga tafotokozera kale, ndi kufooka kwa kapamba.

Mukamadya chakudya chambiri chopanda thanzi, chomwe chimaphatikizapo zakudya zonse zopangidwa ndi khansa, zamzitini, zamafuta, zotsekemera komanso zotsekemera, mkangano wamphamvu wamkati umachitika, chifukwa cha katundu uyu, amatha kukana kapena kulola vuto logwira ntchito lomwe limayambitsa matendawa.

Kukhazikika kwa matendawa kungagawike magawo atatu a chitukuko:

Kukonzedweratu kuchokera kubadwa pamitundu yabwinobwino. Izi zimadziwika nthawi yomweyo khanda likabadwa. Makilogalamu oposa 4.5 amaonedwa ngati onenepa kwambiri kwa mwana wobadwa, kulemera uku kumatanthauza kunenepa kwambiri,
Fomu lomaliza, limapezeka ndi njira yofufuzira,
Zizindikiro zolakwika za matendawa okhala ndi zizindikiro zake. Izi zitha kukhala kufooka, kufunitsitsa kumwa, kuyamwa, kutopa komanso kusowa kudya, kapena kuwonjezeka. Wodwalayo amatha kusokonezedwa ndi kugona, kupweteka mutu, kupweteka m'misempha ndi mtima.

Kusiyana pakati pa matenda amtundu wa 2 ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 kumayeneranso mtundu wamavuto, chifukwa kuchuluka kwambiri kwa odwala matenda ashuga ketoacitosis odwala matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba.

Kodi chimayambitsa mavuto ndi chiyani?

Ngati matendawa adapangidwa molakwika chifukwa cha matenda ashuga 1. Popanda chithandizo choyenera, vutolo limakula kwambiri
Ndi mawonetseredwe opatsirana, chimfine, kutupa, komanso vuto la mtima. Izi ndichifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mankhwala,
Mlingo wake utasankhidwa molakwika kuti mupeze jakisoni wambiri kapena mankhwala atha,
Pa nthawi yoyembekezera komanso toxosis, odwala matenda a shuga amakhala ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka,
Ndi kusakhazikika kwa matendawa ndipo uchidakwa umabweretsa ketoacidosis.
Kunyalanyaza kudya kwambiri komanso kudya zakudya zamafuta ambiri,
Kupsinjika ndi ntchito zogwira ntchito.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuyesedwa kuti mudziwe momwe matenda a shuga aliri, ngati munthuyo ali pachiwopsezo, ndicho:

Kudzipha kwam'tsogolo, makamaka ngati mayi ali ndi matendawa.
Njira zamatsenga mu kapamba, kuphatikizapo khansa ndi kapamba,
Mapaundi owonjezera
Kuchepetsa kwamitsempha yamagazi m'mapapo chifukwa cha atherosulinosis,
Zosokoneza mu endocrine system, mwachitsanzo, kupanga kowonjezera kapena kufooka kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro, komanso kuphwanya ntchito mu ndulu za adrenal ndi gland pituitary,
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kwanthawi yayitali,
Hyperglycemia (shuga wambiri) mwa amayi apakati,
Hypertension (kuthamanga kwa magazi)
Ntchito yogontha komanso kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi,
Kupsinjika ndi kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro, mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha zovuta m'mabanja kapena kuntchito, komanso chifukwa cha mayeso odutsa, mayeso, ndi zina zambiri.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena mowa (ochulukirapo),
Zakudya zopanda pake, makamaka zakudya zamagulu a glycemic index zomwe zimachulukitsa shuga.

Zina mwa zifukwa zomwe zalembedwazo zimatha kukhala poyambira pakukula kwa matendawa, choncho ngati munthu ali pachiwopsezo, muyenera kumayesedwa pafupipafupi ndikuyezetsa magazi. Kukhazikitsa menyu yanu ya tsiku ndi tsiku sikumapwetekanso ndipo ndikofunika kuyamba kusewera masewera.Popeza ma nuances onsewa, simungawope kudwala matenda ashuga ndikukhala moyo wabata.

Mitundu ya matenda ashuga komanso momwe mungadziwire mtundu wa matenda ashuga

Mtundu (wodalira insulin)	Mtundu Wachiwiri (wosadziletsa)	Kuzindikira (shuga)
Chitetezo cha mthupi chimayamba kuwononga maselo a pancreatic. Magazi onse amatenga madzi am'magazi m'magazi, ndipo madzi amayamba kutuluka.

Wodwala pakalibe chithandizo amatha kugwa, komwe nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa kufa.

Kuzindikira kwa ma receptor kupita ku insulin kumachepa, ngakhale kuchuluka kwabwinobwino amapangidwa. Popita nthawi, kupanga kwa mahomoni ndi mphamvu zamagetsi kumachepa (glucose ndiye gwero lake).

Mapuloteni aprotein amasokonezeka, makutidwe ndi okosijeni amathandizidwa. Matupi a Ketone amayamba kudziunjikira m'magazi. Cholinga chakuchepa kwa chidwi chitha kukhala okalamba kapena matenda (poyizoni wa mankhwala, kunenepa kwambiri, mankhwala osokoneza bongo) kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha ma receptors.

Nthawi zambiri zimawonekera mwa azimayi atabereka. Unyinji wa ana pankhaniyi umaposa 4 kg. Matendawa amatha kulowa mosavuta mu matenda ashuga II.

Kapangidwe kake ka mtundu uliwonse wa shuga ndikosiyana, koma pali zizindikiro zomwe zili ndi aliyense wa iwo. Sizitengera zaka komanso mtundu wa wodwala. Izi zikuphatikiza:

Kulemera kwa thupi
Wodwala amamwa madzi ambiri, pomwe akumva ludzu nthawi zonse,
Kukakamira pafupipafupi kukodza, kuchuluka kwamkodzo tsiku lililonse kumatha kufika mpaka malita 10.

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga a shuga zimatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wa shuga womwe umakhudza thupi la munthu. Mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya matenda ashuga ndi mtundu 1 shuga ndi mtundu 2 shuga. Musanayambe kudziwa mtundu wa shuga, kumbukirani kuti pali mitundu ina ya matenda ashuga:

matenda a shuga - pakakhala pakati, azimayi ena amakhala ndi shuga wambiri ndipo matupi awo sangatulutse insulini yokwanira kuyamwa shuga onse. Nthawi zambiri, matenda osokoneza bongo amakula pakati pa sabata la 14 ndi 26 la mimba, lomwe limadziwika kuti trimester yachiwiri, ndipo amasowa mwana atabadwa
Neonatal shuga mellitus - Ichi ndi matenda osowa kwambiri. Ndi chifukwa cha kusintha kwa jini komwe kumakhudza kupanga kwa insulin.

Wothandizira aliyense wazachipatala amatsimikizira kuti ndi lingaliro labwino kuphunzira zambiri za momwe mungadziwire mtundu wa matenda ashuga komanso momwe mungadziwire mtundu wa matenda omwe wodwala ali nawo. Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana sizofanana, kwenikweni zimadalira zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli.

Mapaipi mu thupi amafunika kupanga ma insulin okwanira, omwe amathandiza kuti magazi a shuga ayang'aniridwe. Ngati dongosolo la autoimmune likasokoneza kuperekera kwa insulin, zimayambitsa matenda a shuga, omwe amadziwika kuti ndi matenda a shuga 1.

Mukamayesa kudziwa mtundu wa matenda ashuga, muyenera kudziwa kuti, mbali inayi, thupi limatha kupanga insulini yokwanira, koma ngakhale insulin ikulephera kuwongolera shuga m'magazi, zizindikiro za matenda a shuga pamenepa azitchedwa mtundu 2 wa shuga.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya matenda ashuga:

Matenda a shuga amtundu wa m'mimba amawonekera pa nthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati, pomwe thupi la mayi wapakati silipanga insulin yokwanira chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mahomoni, ndipo shuga amatuluka. Nthawi zambiri zimawonekera mu 2nd trimester ndipo zimadutsa mwana akangobadwa.

Mtundu wa neonatal ndimachitika kawirikawiri chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini komwe kumakhudza kayendedwe ka insulin.

Matenda a Type 1 amapezeka pamene kapamba amasiya kupanga insulini yofunika, yomwe imapangitsa kuti glucose azilamulira. Ichi ndi matenda a autoimmune omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zake ndipo amathandizidwa pokhapokha kubaya insulin m'magazi.

Matenda a 2 a mtundu wa shuga amakula ngati maselo samalowanso insulin, ngakhale atapangidwa mokwanira. Zimangokhala zopanda ntchito polimbana ndi kukhazikika kwa shuga.Nthawi zambiri, zovuta zotere zimachitika ndikuphwanya pang'onopang'ono njira za metabolic, kunenepa kwambiri komanso chifukwa cha ma pathologies ena.

Shuga mellitus - imadziwika kuti ndi matenda wachitatu padziko lapansi. Akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga ndikuwonjezereka kwa zakudya zomwe zimakoma muzakudya, kudya kwambiri, kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, matenda a ma virus komanso kupsinjika. Gawo lalikulu la anthu amakono ali mdera langozi. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuzindikira zizindikiro za matenda ashuga munthawi yake ndikuyamba chithandizo.

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga

Matenda a shuga amtundu 1 amawonekera mwa anthu omwe ali ndi insulin yochepetsedwa. Panthawi imeneyi, kapamba sangathe kuthana ndi mahomoni. Iwo, kapena monga akunenera, sanapangidwe kapena kupanga pang'ono ndipo satha kukonza kukula kwa glucose omwe akubwera, chifukwa cha izi, kuchuluka kwake m'magazi kumachitika.

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga, kudya shuga m'magazi kumalepheretsa ndipo umathira mkodzo. Chifukwa chakuti shuga amadziwika kuti ndiye gwero lalikulu lamphamvu, maselo amayamba kufa ndi njala. Zizindikiro zazikulu za matendawa zimachitika pafupipafupi komanso kukodza kwambiri, kusuta, kuchepetsa thupi komanso ludzu lalikulu. Amawonetsa kupezeka kwa glycemia mwa anthu.

Ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga 1, muyenera kuyeza shuga kangapo patsiku - masana pamimba yopanda kanthu komanso musanadye kaye. Nthawi ndi nthawi pamakhala zofunika kuzilamulira musanagone, maola awiri mutatha kudya komanso m'mawa.

Type 2 shuga

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga umawoneka onse osakhutiritsa, komanso ndikupanga insulin. Koma mahomoni amatha pachabe, chifukwa minofu imataya chidwi nayo. Matenda a 2 a shuga amapezeka nthawi yayitali kwambiri, gawo la zaka 35 mpaka 40. Kukula kwake kumakonda kuphatikizidwa ndi kunenepa kwambiri.

Chifukwa chake, ndi mtundu wamtunduwu matenda pafupipafupi, ndikokwanira kusintha njira yodyetsera ndikuwonjezera zochitika zolimbitsa thupi, ndipo pafupifupi zizindikiro zonse zimakhala ndi mwayi uliwonse wobisala. Pofuna kuchiritsa matendawa, zinthu zimayikidwa kuti muchepetse kukhazikika kwa maselo kupita ku insulin kapena mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti kapamba azigwira insulin.

Pankhani ya matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, zizindikiro za matendawa zimatha kusapezeka kapena kufotokozedwa bwino. Simungathe kuzindikira matendawa kwa zaka zambiri.

Ngati matenda a shuga a mtundu 2 amathandizidwa ndi zakudya, zidzakhala zokwanira kuyeza shuga kamodzi tsiku lililonse. Izi zitha kuchitika m'mimba yopanda kanthu kapena maola awiri mutatha kudya. Ngati mwapatsidwa mapiritsi, mumayenera kuyeza shuga kawiri pa tsiku - masana pamimba yopanda kanthu komanso pambuyo pa maola awiri komanso mutatha kudya.

Tikukulangizani kuti muwerenge:
Zizindikiro za Matenda A shuga A Type 2 mwa Akazi

Gestational ndi mtundu wa matenda ashuga omwe amakula nthawi yomwe mayi ali ndi pakati. Chifukwa chosowa insulini, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumawonjezeka. Pathology imadutsa palokha pambuyo pobereka.
Latent (Lada) ndi mtundu wapakatikati wa matendawa, omwe nthawi zambiri amadziwika ngati mtundu wake wa 2. Ichi ndi matenda a autoimmune omwe amadziwika ndi kuwonongeka kwa maselo a beta chifukwa chodziteteza kwawo. Odwala amatha kupita popanda insulin kwa nthawi yayitali. Mankhwala, mankhwalawa amtundu wa 2 odwala matenda ashuga amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mtundu wodwala kapena wamtulo wamatenda umadziwika ndi shuga wamagazi. Kulekerera kwa glucose kumavulala. Pambuyo potulutsa shuga, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumachepa. Matenda a shuga amatha kuchitika zaka 10. Chithandizo chapadera sichofunikira, koma adokotala ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa momwe wodwalayo alili.
Mu shuga yolembedwa, hyperglycemia (kuchuluka kwa shuga) imalowetsedwa ndi hypoglycemia (shuga yafupika) tsiku lonse. Matenda amtunduwu nthawi zambiri amakhala ovuta chifukwa cha ketoacidosis (metabolic acidosis), yomwe imasandulika kukhala chikomokere cha matenda ashuga.
Idalipira.Matendawa amadziwika ndi shuga wambiri, kupezeka kwa glucose ndi acetone mkodzo.
Zolipidwa. Kuchulukitsa kwa shuga kumachulukitsidwa, acetone kulibe mkodzo, gawo lina la glucose limatuluka kudzera mumtsempha wa kwamkodzo.
Matenda a shuga. Kwa matenda amtunduwu, kuperewera kwa vasopressin (mahomoni antidiuretic). Mtundu wa matendawa umadziwika ndi kutulutsa kwamkodzo mosadukiza komanso kambiri (kuyambira malita 6 mpaka 15), ludzu usiku. Odwala, chilimbikitso chimachepa, kunenepa kumachepa, kufooka, kusakwiya, ndi zina zambiri.

Mtundu uliwonse wa matenda ashuga umafunikira njira inayake, chifukwa chake ngati mukukumana ndi zofooka zokayikitsa, funsani endocrinologist.

Kodi matendawa amawoneka bwanji mwa akulu ndi ana

Gawo loyambirira la matendawa limachitika popanda chizindikiro. Mwachitsanzo, atazindikira kuti atapezeka kuti ali ndi phlebologist kapena optometrist. Koma pali mndandanda wazizindikiro zomwe ndizodziwika zamitundu yonse yamatenda am'matumbo. Kulongosola kwawo kuwonekera kumadalira kuchuluka kwa kuchepetsedwa kwa kutulutsa kwa insulin, thanzi lathunthu, komanso kutalika kwa matendawa. Ndi kukwera kwa glucose, komwe sikulipiridwa ndi kupanga insulin, nthawi zambiri amadziwika:

ludzu kwambiri
khungu louma,
kukodza pafupipafupi
kutopa, mphwayi,
mabala amachiritso aatali
njala yosalekeza
kamwa yowuma
kufooka kwa minofu
Fungo la acetone lamkati,
mavuto azamatenda komanso mavuto azakugonana,
kukokana mu minofu ya ng'ombe, dzanzi,
kutayika kwa zithunzi
kusanza ndi kupuma mseru pafupipafupi
matenda pakhungu, matenda oyamba ndi fungus, komanso furunculosis,
mafuta ochulukirapo (okhala ndi mtundu 2) kapena kuwonda kwambiri ndi (mtundu 1),
kuyabwa ndi kutulutsa kwa mucous nembanemba mkamwa ndi kumaliseche,
kutayika kwa tsitsi kumiyendo yonse,
chikasu chikukula m'thupi.

Awa ndi Zizindikiro zofala matenda ashuga akapezeka, koma amatha kugawidwa ndi matenda kuti adziwe matenda, azindikire kukula kwa matenda ashuga, ndikuyimitsa molondola kupewa kuti asakhale ndi vuto. Mu ana, matenda a endocrine ali ndi zizindikiro zomwezi ndipo amafunikira chisamaliro cha ana.

Kuti mufunsane ndi dokotala ngati mukukayikira - werengani apa.

Momwe mungadziwire zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda ashuga

Njira ina yodziwira zizindikiritso zoyambirira za shuga ndikuwonetsetsa chizindikiro cha kutopa kwambiri / kutopa ndi kuwona kwamaso. Zizindikiro ziwiri izi nthawi zambiri zimasonyeza kuti munthu akudwala matenda ashuga. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda ashuga zimatha kukhala zosiyanasiyana kapena zowonda, ndipo kulimba kwake kumasiyanasiyana kutengera zinthu zina. Kuphatikiza apo, palibe odwala matenda ashuga awiri omwe amawonetsa zofanana ndi matenda ashuga.

1) kumva kutopa: Pamakhala kupsinjika kwakukulu kapena kovutikira kwamunthu wodwala matenda ashuga, kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi kumayamba kuchepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kutaya mphamvu, chifukwa chake odwala matenda ashuga amamva kutopa kwambiri masana.

2) Njala ya matenda ashuga: Matendawa akayamba, kuchuluka kwa insulini kumayamba kutsika, zomwe zimapangitsa wodwala kumva kuti ali ndi njala, ndipo amayamba kudya zochulukirapo kuposa masiku onse.

3) ludzu la matenda ashuga: Chifukwa cha kuchepa mphamvu kwa thupi, thupi limafunikira madzi ambiri kuti athetse ludzu. Awa ndi ena mwa mayankho osavuta kwambiri ku funso la momwe mungazindikire zizindikiro za matenda ashuga.

4) Kubisalira kwamkodzo kwamkodzo: Ichi ndiye chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda ashuga. Mitsempha imayamba kukhazikika m'malo ochulukirapo chifukwa magazi amawonjezeranso impso, pamene shuga m'magazi amayamba kukwera.

5) Odwala matenda ashuga amakhala ofulumira msanga: Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa shuga wamagazi, zotsatira zimapangidwa pamitsempha ya ubongo, yomwe imayambitsa kukwiya kosaganizira kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.

6) Masomphenya ofooka: Ngati mukuganiza momwe mungazindikire matenda a shuga, samalani ndi masomphenyawo - ndi shuga wambiri m'magazi pamakhala ngozi pa mandala, ngati kuwonongeka kwa matenda ashuga sikunyalanyazidwa, kumatha kubweretsa khungu.

7) Kumva Kupsinjika ndi Matenda A shuga: Chifukwa cha kusintha kwamkati m'magazi a shuga, chidwi chachikulu pamalingaliro a wodwala chimapangidwa. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga nthawi zonse ndipo popanda chifukwa amayamba kukhumudwa. Amayamba kukhala wopanda pake ndipo amakhala ndi mantha kuti sadzalephera m'mbali zonse za moyo.

Kodi ndi zofunikira ziti zomwe zikuwonetsa matenda ashuga? Phunzirani zamomwe mungazindikire matenda ashuga asanawononge thupi lanu, kuchokera pa kanema.

M ludzu ndimzanu wokhazikika wa shuga

Momwe mungadziwire mtundu woyamba wa shuga?

Mtundu wina wa matenda a shuga umadziwika ndi zizindikiro zake, nanga mtundu woyamba ndi uti? Ngati tirikulankhula za zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa, ndiye koposa zonse kuti ndizachidziwitso makamaka kwa matenda a shuga 1. Kusiyanaku kungawonedwe ndi katswiri pakufotokozedwa bwino kwa zizindikiro izi. Chofunikira pakuzindikira ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, mwachitsanzo, kusinthasintha kwakuthwa mu chizindikirochi. Monga mukuwonera, ndizovuta kuyang'ana ndi kuzindikira matenda ena ndi zizindikiro zokha; zambiri zimafunikira.

Monga tanena kale, kwa choyambirira, china chilichonse chimadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa thupi. Kwa munthu aliyense, izi zimatha kuchitika mosiyanasiyana, koma m'miyezi yoyambirira yamatenda, munthu amatha kuchepa thupi mpaka mpaka makilogalamu khumi ndi asanu. Ndizodziwikiratu kuti zonsezi zimaphatikizira unyinji wazotsatira zina zosayenera: kugona, kuchepa kwa ntchito, kutopa, ndi zina zambiri.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti poyamba munthu amadya mwachizolowezi. Ichi ndi chizindikiro chomwe chingakuchenjezeni. Ndikufuna kudziwa kuti malinga ndi ziwerengero, matenda amtunduwu amapezeka kwambiri mwa achinyamata, pomwe mitundu yachiwiri ya matenda ashuga imapezeka, monga lamulo, mwa anthu opitilira zaka makumi anayi.

Ngati tizingolankhula za momwe matendawo akupitilira, ndiye kuti kukula kwa anorexia ndikotheka. Izi zimachitika motsutsana ndi ketoacidosis, zomwe ndi:

kusanza ndi kusanza
kupuma zipatso
kupweteka
pamimba.

Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga

Monga matenda aliwonse, "matenda okoma" amakula molingana ndi mawonekedwe ena ake. Momwemo, zizindikiro kapena zizindikiro zina zimatuluka zomwe zitha kuuza dokotala kapena wodwala za kukhalapo kwa matenda omwe ali ndi 100%.

Kuzindikira matenda ashuga popanda kuwunika ndi njira yosavuta, ngati mumvetsetsa momwe kusintha kumachitika mthupi ndi momwe zimawonekera.

Zizindikiro zofunika kwambiri zomwe ziyenera kuchenjeza wodwalayo ndi:

Polydipsia (ludzu). Chomwe chimapangidwira ndikuwonjezera kwa glucose m'magazi. Madzi omwe ali m'matumba amakhala "okoma." Thupi limatumiza zizindikiritso zoyenera ku ubongo, ndipo zimakakamiza munthu kuti amwe madzi ambiri. Izi zimachitika kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa seramu ndikuchepetsa glycemia. Nthawi zambiri, odwala matenda ashuga amatha kumwa malita 4-5 patsiku osazindikira.
Polyuria Kukodza mwachangu ndi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwazungulira magazi. Wodwalayo amamwa kwambiri, ndipo impso imagwira ntchito mozama kuti ichotse madzi onse owonjezera. Nocturia imatha kuonedwa - maulendo a usiku kupita kuchimbudzi. Chizindikiro ichi ndi njira yowonjezera yogwiritsira ntchito thupi, yomwe ikuyesera kuthana ndi shuga la magazi ambiri.Ndi "matenda okoma", mkodzo nthawi zambiri umayamba kuzizira chifukwa cha kulowa kwa ma mamolekyulu a shuga kudzera mu chotchinga cha nephrotic.
Polyphagy. Njala yokhazikika ndi mnzake wokhulupirika pamatendawo. Zakudya zomanga thupi ndi gwero lalikulu lamphamvu kwa thupi. Ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba 1 kapena 2, pali shuga wambiri m'm seramu, koma siamamwa ndi maselo. Chifukwa chake, salandira recharge yokwanira ndipo amalembera izi ku dongosolo lamagulu amanjenje (CNS). Ubongo waukulu, umayambitsanso gawo la njala, ndipo munthu amafunanso kudya. Pali chododometsa - wodwalayo amadya kwambiri, koma samapeza chakudya chokwanira ndi mamolekyulu a ATP.

Zizindikirozi ndizofunikira kwambiri kumatenda ndipo amatchedwa "triad" matendawa. Kukhalapo kwa onsewa kungathandizire kudziwa mtundu wa shuga wachiwiri popanda kusanthula ndi 99-100%.

Kunyumba, mutha kudziwa ngati muli ndi mtundu wa matenda ashuga a mtundu wa 1-2, chifukwa watchulira zizindikiro, koma momwe ziziwonekera zimadalira mtundu wa matenda. Komanso kuchuluka kwa insulin yopangidwa ndi kapamba ndi kuzindikira kwa maselo amthupi kungakhudze kuchuluka kwa mawonekedwe, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumadalira. Nthawi zina, zizindikiro zimakhala zoyipa kwambiri chifukwa cha ukalamba wa wodwalayo kapena njira zina za pathological.

Ngati titenga munthu wathanzi monga chitsanzo, ndiye tikatha kudya, kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumawonjezeka, koma pambuyo pa maola 2 kumakhala kwabwinobwino. Mwa anthu odwala, zomwe zili mu shuga sizikuchepa kapena kuchepa, koma pang'onopang'ono, kutengera mtundu wa shuga, chifukwa cha izi, zizindikiro zotsatirazi zimachitika:

Chilichonse chofuna kumwa madzi. Pali nthawi zina pamene wodwala matenda ashuga amamwa malita 8-10. zamadzimadzi patsiku
Kukodza pafupipafupi,
Kuumitsa kumverera kwa mucosa wamlomo,
Njala yosakwaniritsidwa
Kudzimva kufooka kwathunthu komanso kupanda chidwi,
Mantha
Matumbo, makamaka m'miyendo.
Kutsitsa kwamaso owoneka bwino,
Zofooka zazing'onoting'ono
Nthawi zambiri mseru utatha kudya, mpaka kusanza,
Ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 shuga, kuwonda kwambiri nthawi zambiri kumawonedwa,
Ndi matenda a shuga a 2, kuchuluka kwa mapaundi owonjezera,
Kuyendera pafupipafupi m'malo obadwa nawo, komanso kumadera akutali ndi otsika,
Kutenga matenda
Kuchuluka kwa malekezero apansi,
Alopecia (kutayika kwa tsitsi) kumunsi ndi kumbuyo kwamiyendo.
Kukula kwambiri tsitsi kumaso,
Zizindikiro za chimfine
Maonekedwe a xanthomas (kachidutswa kakang'ono ka khungu lachikaso) mthupi lonse,
Kutupa kwa maliseche amisempha chifukwa chakukodza pafupipafupi.

Poona zizindikiro zodziwikirazi, siziyeneranso kukhala chinsinsi kudziwa momwe mungadziwire shuga musanayeze magazi, ndikofunikira kuzindikira mtundu wa matenda. Kuchita izi popanda kufufuza ndikovuta, koma mutha kuyang'ana pa mawonekedwe a matenda ena ake.

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zizindikiro za matenda ashuga, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti munthu ali ndi matenda. Kuti adziwe ngati munthu alidi ndi zizindikiro za matenda ashuga, madokotala amayesa mayeso ena, kuphatikizapo kuyezetsa magazi, zomwe zimawonetsera ngati munthuyo ali ndi matenda a shuga kapena ayi.

Kusanthula pafupipafupi komanso kuchuluka kwa mkodzo womwe munthu amapereka tsiku lililonse ndi njira ina yodziwira matenda ashuga mwa mwana ndi wamkulu - ngati kukodza kumachitika pafupipafupi komanso mopitirira muyeso, izi zitha kuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa zizindikiro za matenda ashuga.

Kusintha kunenepa - phindu kapena kuwonda - kungathandizenso munthu kudziwa zizindikiritso za matenda ashuga. Mavuto olemera kwa odwala matenda ashuga amayamba chifukwa anthu omwe ali ndi shuga amakhala ndi shuga wambiri kapena wochepa kwambiri. Thupi la odwala matenda ashuga ali pachiwopsezo cha matenda.

Muyenera kuwona dokotala wanu ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi mtundu wina wa matenda ashuga. Ngati mungayang'ane kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndi mita ndikupeza zotsika kuposa 130 mg / dl, ndiye kufunsa dokotala kuti akupimitseni zina.Kuwerenga kwina kulikonse kwa shuga kuposa 200 mg / dl, kuphatikiza ndi ludzu lokhazikika komanso kufinya, kufupika kapena chifukwa cha mseru, ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chowonera matenda a shuga.

Shuga wambiri amatha kuyambitsa vuto la insulin, lomwe zotsatira zake nthawi zambiri zimapha. Kwa mayeso a A1C, chifukwa chilichonse choposa 6 peresenti ndi chifukwa chofunsa dokotala. Aliyense A1C wapamwamba kuposa 8 peresenti amayenera kuganiziridwa ndi katswiri wazachipatala chifukwa cha chiwopsezo chachikulu cha vuto la insulin.

Ngati musintha kulemera, popanda kuchita khama lanu, ndiye kuti mwayi wokhala ndi matenda nawonso umakulanso. Mavuto azakudya za shuga atha kukhalapo chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwa glucose.

Chizindikiro chinanso chomwe chimatsimikiza kupezeka kwa matenda ashuga ndicho machiritso amtundu wa mabala ngakhale pang'ono. Komanso, odwala amatenga matenda opatsirana.

Mu shuga, monga lamulo, wodwalayo amamva kufooka komanso kutopa. Nthawi zambiri masomphenyawa amachepa.

Komabe, zizindikilo zonsezi zimatha kuchitika mofatsa kapena mwamphamvu. Kuphatikiza apo, aliyense wodwala matendawa amakhala ndi zomwe ali nazo.

Chizindikiro choyamba cha matenda ashuga ndi ludzu lalikulu. Zikuwoneka motsutsana ndi kumbuyo kwa kusowa kwa mphamvu pamene thupi limayesetsa kunyowa.

Mutha kuyankhulanso za kukhalapo kwa matenda a hyperglycemia nthawi yanjala. Kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, kuchuluka kwa insulin kumachepa, komwe kumayambitsa chidwi chambiri.

Mungamvetsetsanso ngati muli ndi matenda ashuga pazizindikiro izi:

kusenda ndi kuyanika pakhungu,
kukokana mu minofu ya ng'ombe
kamwa yowuma
kusanza ndi mseru
dzanzi ndi kupsinjika kwa manja,
maphunziro a xantom
kuyamwa kwa ziwalo, m'mimba, miyendo ndi manja,
kutupa
kufooka kwa minofu
kuchepa tsitsi pamiyendo ndi kukula kwokhazikika pamaso.

Kuphatikiza kuzindikiritsa matenda a shuga okha, ambiri ali ndi chidwi ndi funso, lingakhale mtundu wanji? Chifukwa chake, mu mawonekedwe oyamba (odalira insulin) matendawa, ambiri mwa zizindikiro zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa zilipo.

Kusiyanaku kumangokhala kuwonekera kwa zizindikiro. Ndi matenda amtunduwu, kulumpha lakuthwa m'magazi a magazi.

Gawo loyambirira la chitukuko cha mtundu woyamba wa shuga limawonetsedwa ndi njala yayikulu. Kenako, matendawa akamakula, matenda a anorexia amachitika. Zomwe zimayambitsa zimagona pamaso pa ketoacidosis, pomwe imaphatikizidwa ndi kupuma movutikira, kupweteka kwam'mimba, kusanza ndi mseru.

Kodi mungadziwe bwanji mtundu wa matenda ashuga odwala azaka zopitilira 40? Inde, ambiri a m'badwo uno amakhala ndi nthenda yodziyimira payekha ya matenda.

Poyamba, kuzindikira kuti sizovuta sikophweka, chifukwa palibe chithunzi chamankhwala. Chifukwa chake, tanthauzo la matendawa limachitika ngati mumayeseza magazi mwachangu.Komabe, matenda a pathology amapezeka pafupipafupi mwa anthu omwe ali ndi mavuto a kunenepa kwambiri, kuthamanga kwa magazi komanso ngati pali vuto la metabolic.

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti shuga yachiwiri imakhala yokhala ndi ludzu komanso kusokonekera kosalekeza. Koma nthawi zambiri odwala amakhala ndi khungu la kuyabwa kumaliseche, mikono ndi miyendo.

Tsoka ilo, nthawi zambiri anthu amaphunzira za zizindikiro za matenda am'mbuyo kwambiri, nthawi zina mwangozi, chifukwa samawonekera nthawi yomweyo. Pachifukwachi, ngati simukufuna kuphonya kukula kwa matenda ashuga, mukamayesedwa ndi akatswiri ndipo nthawi zina mumayesedwa ku chipatala.

Kusanthula kwa mkodzo kwa matenda ashuga

Amapereka kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa shuga m'madzi a m'magazi. Ndikwabwino kupanga zovuta zomwe zimakhala ndi maphunziro awa:

Mkodzo pamatupi a ketone ndi shuga,
Magazi a shuga kuchokera ku chala chanu
Magazi a insulin, hemoglobin ndi C-peptide,
Kuyesa kwamphamvu kwa khungu.

Magazi a glucose kuti mumalize chithunzicho muyenera kuperekanso kawiri: pamimba yopanda kanthu (mpaka 6,6 mmol / l) ndi maola angapo mutatha kudya (masiku 8.3 mmol / l).

Nthawi zambiri kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhala koyenera, pomwe mayamwidwe amasintha shuga - izi zimachitika koyambirira kwa matendawa.

Musanadutse mayeso, muyenera kutsatira malamulo otsatirawa:

Patulani mankhwala onse mu maola 6,
Osamadya osachepera maola 10 mayeso asanachitike,
Osamadya vitamini C,
Musadzinyengere nokha ndi kuthupi.

Ngati palibe matenda, ndiye kuti chizindikiro cha glucose chidzachokera ku 3,3 mpaka 3.5 mmol / L.

Kuti muthane ndi vuto la momwe mungadziwire matenda amtundu wa shuga, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mayeso, awa:

Kuthamanga kuyesa kwa magazi. Zomangidwazo zimatha kutengedwa kuchokera kumunwe komanso kuchokera mu mtsempha, koma njira yoyambayo ndi yoyenera kwambiri komanso yofunika. Zowonadi, ngakhale kuyesedwa koyesedwa kochokera mu magazi a venous, njirayi imakhala yopweteka kwambiri. Njira yodulira zala ndi yachangu, yosavuta ndipo dontho limodzi lokha ndikutenga zotsatira. Ndondomeko imachitidwa pamimba yopanda kanthu, ndiye kuti, ndizoletsedwa kudya chilichonse maola 8 isanachitike. Mutha kumwa madzi mopanda malire,
Kuchita mayeso a glucose (mayeso a glucose kulolerana). Zimafunikira ngati kuwerengetsa koyezetsa magazi kumawonetsa kuwonjezeka kapena kuchepetsa shuga. Imachitidwa mophweka, chifukwa izi zisanachitike, wodwalayo adzapatsidwa galasi wokhala ndi madzi osokoneza, ndipo atamwa, muyenera kudikirira ola limodzi ndikupita mayeso achiwiri. Pambuyo pake, kusanthula kwina kwa 1 kudzafunika mu ola limodzi ndipo kutengera ndi zomwe zapezeka, endocrinologist ipereka chigamulo chake.

Kuwunikira mkodzo pazinthu za matupi a ketone ndi shuga mkati mwake kungathandize pakutsimikiza kwa matenda ashuga. Mutha kuwona shuga mkati mwake kokha ngati mulingo wake m'magazi ufikira 8 mmol / l ndikukwera. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti pang'onopang'ono pakumata kwa glucose m'thupi la impso, salinso kuthana ndi kusefedwa ndipo umalowa mkodzo.

Matupi a Ketone amalowa mkodzo chifukwa chosowa mphamvu, chifukwa shuga samatengedwa kupita ku maselo ndipo thupi limayenera kuwotcha mafuta osungira. Panthawi imeneyi, poizoni amapezeka, yemwe impso zimapukusidwa. Ndiwo matupi a ketone.

Kafukufuku wambiri amathandizira kuzindikira matendawa ndikuwazindikira mtundu wake, womwe ndiwofunikira kwambiri pakuthandizidwanso ndikuwongolera moyo. Ngati mukukayikira kuti shuga wawonjezereka amapatsidwa:

Kuyesa kwa shuga. Zomwezo ndi 3.3-3.5 mmol / l. Sikokwanira kungopereka magazi m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu kuti mudziwe matenda a shuga. M'pofunika kumveketsa kuchuluka kwa shuga 2 patatha chakudya chokhazikika.Mtengo wa glucose ukhoza kukhalabe wotetezeka, koma kuphwanya mayamwidwe ake. Ili ndiye gawo loyamba lomwe thupi limadalirabe. Simungadye musanawunike, mutenge ascorbic acid, mankhwala ena omwe angakhudze mayeso ndi "mafuta" pachithunzicho. Ndikofunikira kuchepetsa zamaganizidwe ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Urinalysis kwa shuga ndi matupi a ketone. Zinthu izi sizipezeka kawirikawiri mumkodzo. Ndi shuga wowonjezereka ndi index ya oposa 8, kuwonjezereka kwa ndere yake mu mkodzo kumachitika. Impso sizikuwononga gawo lowopsa la glucose, ndipo limalowa mkodzo. Mafuta ochulukirapo samapulumutsa maselo omwe amayamba kuphwanya maselo amafuta kuti akhalebe ndi ntchito zofunika. Kusweka kwamafuta kumachotsa poizoni - matupi a ketone omwe amatulutsa impso kudzera mkodzo.
C-peptides ndi insulin. Kusanthula kumeneku kukuwonetsa mtundu wa matenda. Mitengo yotsika imawonedwa ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda, ndipo chizolowezi chimakhala ndi mtundu wachiwiri.
Mayeso a kulolera a glucose. Imadziwitsa zamtsogolo kapena matenda ashuga omwe alipo kale. Asanayesedwe, munthu amamwa madzi otsekemera, ndipo pambuyo maola 2 shuga amayeza. Mayeso angapo amachita izi pafupipafupi. Adziwonetsa kulolera kosakwanira kwa glucose, ndiko kuti, prediabetes kapena kukula kwa matendawa pawokha, ngati chizindikirocho chili pamwamba pa 11.0 mmol / l.
Glycosylated hemoglobin. Chiyeso chodalirika chodziwitsa hyperglycemia. Zimatsimikiza ngati shuga yachuluka m'miyezi ingapo yapitayo.

Aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kulembetsa ndikuyenda kwa endocrinologist, kuyezetsa magazi pafupipafupi, kuwunikiranso kuchuluka kwa shuga kunyumba, thanzi lonse, kufunsana ndi akatswiri okhudzana ndi matendawa ngati akudwala matenda ofanana. Zakudya zapadera ndizofunikira, komanso moyo wathanzi, kuti shuga isamayende.

Matenda opusa awa okhala ndi dzina lokoma ndiye matenda ofala kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Matenda a shuga amadziwika kale, koma ndi m'nthawi yathu ino kuti kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe akudwala matendawa kumaphwanya mbiri yonse. Ndipo chomwe chimapangitsa izi, modabwitsa, ndi chitukuko chomwe chimakhala moyo wawo wachilengedwe komanso chakudya chochuluka chomwe chimapezeka m'mizere yamagetsi yosavuta kugaya. M'malo mwake, gulu lowopsalo limaphatikizapo aliyense amene amadya kwambiri koma osasuntha kwambiri. Ngakhale, chidziwitso, cholowa chamtsogolo ndizofunikira kwambiri.

Ndiye, kodi nthendayi ndi chiani, ndipo ndi chiyani? Ndipo koposa zonse - nthawi yanji yolira?

Pakadali pano, matendawa amawonedwa ngati osachiritsika (osawerengera matenda ashuga). Komabe, kukhazikitsa mosamala malingaliro a dokotala omwe akupezekapo amatha kuyendetsa bwino matendawa ndipo amalola wodwalayo kukhala ndi moyo wonse.

Matenda a shuga, matenda a shuga.

Matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin amagawanidwanso m'magulu awiri: 1) matenda ashuga mwa anthu omwe ali ndi thupi labwino, 2) matenda a shuga kwa anthu onenepa kwambiri.

M'maphunziro a asayansi ena, matenda omwe amatchedwa prediabetes (matenda a shuga) nawonso adadziwika. Ndi iyo, kuchuluka kwa shuga kwayamba kale kuposa kale, koma osakhala okwanira kuti athe kuzindikira matenda ashuga. Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumakhala pakati pa 101 mg / dl ndi 126 mg / dl (pang'ono pamwamba 5 mmol / l). Pakakhala palibe chithandizo choyenera, prediabetes imadzakhala shuga. Komabe, ngati matenda a prediabetes apezeka pa nthawi ndipo njira zimatengedwa kuti akonze vutoli, chiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga chimachepa.

Amalongosola mawonekedwe amtunduwu monga matenda a shuga. Amayamba kukhala mwa amayi nthawi yapakati, ndipo amatha kumatha kubereka.

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga. Ndi mawonekedwe a insulin omwe amadalira shuga (mtundu 1), ma cell opitilira 90% omwe amapanga insulin amawonongeka.Zomwe zimapangidwira zimatha kukhala zosiyana: matenda a autoimmune kapena ma virus, etc.

Kuyesa kwelebhu, monga:

kuyezetsa magazi kwa shuga,
kuyesa kwa mkodzo,
urinalasis pamatumbo a ketone,
Kutsimikiza kwa glycosylated hemoglobin,
kuyeserera kwa shuga
kudziwa kuchuluka kwa C-peptide ndi insulin.

Pankhani ya matenda a shuga a mtundu wachi II, zizindikiro za matendawa zimatha kusowa kapena kufatsa. Simungakayikire kupezeka kwa matendawa kwa zaka zambiri.

2) Msuzi wa mkodzo wa mkodzo.

Kuwonjezeka kwa kuthamanga kwa shuga m'magazi opitilira 120 mg% kumawonetsa kukula kwa shuga mwa wodwala. Nthawi zambiri, shuga mkodzo samapezeka, chifukwa fungo la impso limasunga shuga. Ndipo kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kupitirira 160-180 mg% (8.8-9.9 mmol / l), fyuluta ya impso imayamba kudutsa shuga kulowa mkodzo.

Pamwamba pa maselo a thupi lathu pali zinthu zina zomwe ndizofanana ndi wina aliyense payekha. Amathandizira kuwonetsetsa kuti thupi lizindikira maselo omwe ali ake, monga alendo. Dongosololi limatchedwa HLA (zambiri mwatsatanetsatane ndizopanda bukuli, zimatha kupezeka m'mabuku apadera) ndipo mtundu wa I mtundu wa shuga umagwirizana ndi HLA B8, B15, Dw3 ndi Dw4 santigens.

Type Iabetes mellitus amatchedwa insulin-amadalira, chifukwa ma insulin sapezeka kwathunthu mthupi, chifukwa ma cell omwe amapanga amawonongeka .. Wodwala yemwe ali ndi mtunduwu wa shuga ayenera kukhala pachakudya ndikuwonetsetsa kuti akupaka insulin, nthawi yayitali, kangapo patsiku, kotero kuti shuga ya magazi imasungidwa mwachizolowezi, monga athanzi.

Kuti mumve bwino matenda ashuga, kungosala kudya kamodzi kokha sikokwanira. Magulu a glucose amayeneranso kuyesedwa maola 2 mutatha kudya. Nthawi zina (m'magawo oyamba), kuchuluka kwa glucose, komwe kumalowa m'thupi ndi chakudya, kumasokonezedwa, ndipo kuwonjezereka kosawoneka sikuwonekerabe. Izi ndichifukwa choti thupi silidathetse mphamvu zake zopangidwira ndipo likhoza kukhalabe ndi glucose pamlingo wabwinobwino.

Ndikofunikira kuti mayesedwe a magazi a chala akwaniritse zofunika izi:

Kusala kudya maola 10 omalizira musanapange kusanthula (kuti mupeze kusala), ndikuloledwa kumwa madzi opanda kanthu,
patsiku la kusanthula, komanso masiku angapo m'mbuyomu, gwiritsitsani zakudya zanu zamasiku onse (pakupereka magazi pambuyo pa maola 2),
kupatula kudya vitamini C, salicylates ndi mankhwala ena omwe angakhudze zotsatira za kafukufukuyu. Popeza zingakhale zovuta kuchita nokha, muyenera kuchenjeza adokotala za mankhwala onse omwe mumamwa,
musasute musanalandire magazi,
kupatula kupsinjika kwakuthupi ndi kwakuthupi.

Miyezo yachilengedwe wamba yamasamba kuchokera pachala ndi 3.3-5.5 mmol / L.

Nthawi zambiri, mkodzo ulibe matupi a shuga kapena a ketone. Glucose mumkodzo limangowoneka pokhapokha mulingo wake m'magazi utakwera 8-9 mmol / l. Kuzindikira kumeneku kumapangitsa impso kudutsa mamolekyulu a glucose kudzera mu fyuluta yake, ndipo zimawonekera mkodzo.

Njira yayikulu yothandizira ndi iyi:

Kuchepetsa thupi ndikusinthira kuzakudya zapadera,
Kukana zakumwa zoledzeretsa,
Kuyendetsa magazi shuga,
Kuchiza ndi wowerengeka azitsamba komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zapadera zamagulu omwe zimachepetsa shuga.
Kumwa mankhwala osiyanasiyana omwe amachepetsa shuga,
Ngati matendawa akuipiraipira, pali kufunika kwa mankhwala a insulin,
Mwinanso chithandizo cha opaleshoni pakakhala kuti mukufuna kuchepetsa m'mimba. Mankhwalawa ndi othandizadi ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pangozi zamwadzidzidzi.

Njira yothandizira insulini imapangidwa ndi jakisoni m'khola, pakhungu la madigiri 45. Mankhwalawa amayenera kuperekedwa m'malo osatha, ndipo osawasintha nthawi zambiri.

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi

Kuti mumve bwino matenda ashuga, kungosala kudya kamodzi kokha sikokwanira. Magulu a glucose amayeneranso kuyesedwa maola 2 mutatha kudya.

Nthawi zina (m'magawo oyamba), kuchuluka kwa glucose, komwe kumalowa m'thupi ndi chakudya, kumasokonezedwa, ndipo kuwonjezereka kosawoneka sikuwonekerabe.

Izi ndichifukwa choti thupi silidathetse mphamvu zake zopangidwira ndipo likhoza kukhalabe ndi glucose pamlingo wabwinobwino.

Ndikofunikira kuti mayesedwe a magazi a chala akwaniritse zofunika izi:

Kusala kudya maola 10 omalizira musanapange kusanthula (kuti mupeze kusala), ndikuloledwa kumwa madzi opanda kanthu,
patsiku la kusanthula, komanso masiku angapo m'mbuyomu, gwiritsitsani zakudya zanu zamasiku onse (pakupereka magazi pambuyo pa maola 2),
kupatula kudya vitamini C, salicylates ndi mankhwala ena omwe angakhudze zotsatira za kafukufukuyu. Popeza zingakhale zovuta kuchita nokha, muyenera kuchenjeza adokotala za mankhwala onse omwe mumamwa,
musasute musanalandire magazi,
kupatula kupsinjika kwakuthupi ndi kwakuthupi.

Miyezo yachilengedwe wamba yamasamba kuchokera pachala ndi 3.3-5.5 mmol / L.

Kuyesedwa kwa shuga kunyumba

Chida chodziwira shuga wamagazi chimatchedwa glucometer. Odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, amapezeka.

Magazi amaperekedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu, akatswiri amati ngakhale saloledwa kumwa madzi. Zingafunikenso kuchititsa kafukufuku ndi katundu, chifukwa, pambuyo pa kuphunzira, munthu amadya ndipo kusanthula kumabwerezedwanso patatha maola awiri. Mukadutsa mayeso a magazi, pali malamulo ena omwe akuyenera kutsatiridwa:

munthu asamadye pasanathe maola khumi maphunziro asanachitike,
muyenera kusiya kumwa mankhwala omwe angakhudze magazi anu,
sizoletsedwa kumwa ascorbic acid,
kupsinjika mwamphamvu kwamthupi ndi m'maganizo kungakhudze zotsatira za kafukufukuyu.

Kuyesedwa kwa mkodzo kwa shuga kumachitidwanso. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kusuta mkodzo patsiku: kuyambira m'mawa tsiku lina mpaka m'mawa tsiku lotsatira. Pali zingwe zapadera zoyeserera zomwe zimasintha mtundu kutengera mtundu wa shuga mkodzo. Ngati palibe shuga, ndiye kuti mzerewo sungasinthe mtundu wake; ngati utasandulika wobiriwira, ndiye kuti ulipo. Kutengera kukula kwa banga, kutsukidwa kwa shuga mu mkodzo kumatsimikiziridwa.

Chikhalidwe cha matenda a shuga chimatha kupezeka ndi munthu aliyense, ngakhale akuluakulu kapena ana ali otetezeka ku izi. Koma ichi si chigamulo, koma nthawi yolipira thanzi lanu. Ndizotheka kuchiritsa matendawa osati mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala, kudya mokwanira bwino kumatenga gawo lofunikira. Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoyipa, ndiye kuti chithandizo sichingaphule kanthu.

Onani malamulo oyamba okhudza chakudya:

Ndikofunikira kuti mukhale ndi mphamvu zambiri, ndiye kuti, zopatsa mphamvu zambiri momwe mungafunikire kuti muzitha,
kudya mapuloteni, mafuta ndi michere yambiri kuyenera kukwaniritsa zosowa za thupi lanu.
ziyenera kudyedwa pang'ono, m'malo ochepa.

Tsatirani malangizowa:

kuyang'anira kudya zakotsekemera, ufa, chokoleti ndi uchi,
Zakudya zamafuta kwambiri ndi zonunkhira zimatsutsana,
Mlingo sayenera kungokhala shuga wowoneka bwino, koma kukhalapo kwake kupanikizana kapena maswiti,
zakumwa zoledzeretsa siziyenera kupezeka nthawi iliyonse yomwe zingatheke.

Mutha kuchotsa matenda ndi wowerengeka azitsamba. Mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku onse si mitundu ina ya mankhwala, izi ndi zowonjezera. Kugwiritsira ntchito molakwika njira zina zitha kukhala zovulaza, choncho zochita zilizonse zikuyenera kukambirana ndi dokotala. Zithandizo zodziwika bwino za matendawa ndi:

makadinidwe kuchokera ku makungwa a hazel,
makungwa a Aspen,
kuphatikizika ndi kulowetsedwa kochokera pamtunda wa Bay,
tiyi wa ginger
Mitengo yazitsamba, masamba a quinoa ndi masamba opota,
njuchi zakufa ndi misempha.

Chifukwa chake, matenda a shuga ndi matenda omwe amadziwika ndi zizindikiro zosasangalatsa, mawonekedwe ake osazindikira komanso zoopsa za zovuta zazikulu. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kudziwa matenda omwe ali ndi nthawi. China chake chingachitike kunyumba. Khalani tcheru ndi thupi lanu, mverani kusintha, ndipo "zizindikiro" zowopsa zikaonekere, funsani katswiri.

Mtundu woyamba 1 ndi 2 matenda a shuga: kusiyana mumapangidwe, kumene komanso chithandizo

Ponena za etiology yamatendawa, mikangano pakati pa akatswiri sinathere kwa zaka zambiri, ndipo malingaliro nthawi zambiri amakhala otsutsana kwambiri.

Matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba ndi matenda otchedwa autoimmune omwe amalephera kugwira bwino ntchito mthupi lanu chifukwa chakuti sazindikira "maselo opanga insulin ndipo amawazindikira kuti ndi matupi achilendo. Zotsatira zake, kupanga kwa insulin kwamadzi kumachepa kwambiri (peresenti ya 90 kapena kuposerapo).

Matendawa amatchedwanso shuga a achichepere, popeza matendawa amayambika ubwana kapena unyamata.

Pali mtundu, mtundu uwu umafala kwambiri mwa anthu omwe adadyetsedwa mkaka wosakanikirana wakhanda.

Ngati tizingolankhula za chibadwa, ndiye, malinga ndi akatswiri ambiri, ndizotheka, koma osati zochulukirapo.

Mosiyana ndi izi, "mtundu" wa shuga wosadalira insulin umadziwika kuti ndi matenda a akulu onenepa kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, m'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi pakhala chizolowezero cha "kukonzanso" - molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa kunenepa kwambiri pakati pa achinyamata.

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga padziko lonse lapansi akuchulukirachulukira chaka chilichonse. Kuzindikira kumeneku kumachitika chifukwa cha anthu omwe akukweza magazi m'thupi.

Pamaso pa malo osungira mphamvu, maselo amthupi la wodwala samalandira zakudya; Odwala opendedwa motero sangakhale moyo wabwinobwino.

Monga mukudziwa, pali mitundu iwiri ya matenda: momwe mungasiyanitsire mtundu woyamba ndi wachiwiri?

Urinalysis kwa shuga ndi matupi a ketone

Ndi matenda ashuga, mayamwidwe ndi kuyamwa kwa shuga ndi maselo amthupi amasokonezeka. Pali shuga wambiri m'magazi, koma maselo alibe mphamvu ndipo, kuti asafe, amayamba kugwetsa mafuta ambiri. Zotsatira zake, izi zimapangidwa ndimitundu yambiri ya poizoni - matupi a ketone, omwe amatsitsidwa ndi impso.

Mayeso a kulolera a glucose

Kuyesaku kumachitika pofuna kusiyanitsa prediabetes ndi matenda ashuga. Pamimba yopanda kanthu, atazindikira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, wodwalayo ayenera kumwa magalamu 75 a shuga osungunuka mu kapu yamadzi. Ndiye kuyeza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi pambuyo pa maola awiri.

Mkulu wa glucose mu gawo loyamba la magazi (omwe amatengedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu) amawerengeredwa potengera zomwe amapezeka - 3.3-5,5 mmol / l. Kuzunzidwa kwa shuga mgawo lachiwiri la magazi (pambuyo maola 2) osakwana 7.8 mmol / L amadziwika kuti ndi abwinobwino, 7.8 - 11.0 mmol / L ndikuphwanya kulekerera kwa chakudya cham'mimba (prediabetes), pamwamba pa 11.0 mmol / L - shuga matenda ashuga

Momwe mungadziwire matenda ashuga kumayambiriro kwa matendawo

Kuganizira momwe mungadziwire shuga kunyumba, muyenera kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake izi ndizofunikira konse. Matenda a shuga ndi matenda oopsa nthawi zambiri amakhala matenda oopsa.

Kutsimikiza kwake kumakhalapo chifukwa chakuti zizindikiro monga izi sizimawonekera mpaka mtundu wazovuta kwambiri zamatenda. Nthawi zambiri, mawonetseredwe a ngongole ndi machitidwe a matenda olumikizana.

Imatha kukhala kugunda, kugunda kwa mtima, gangore kapena chikomokere, chifukwa cha magazi osayenda bwino mu ubongo.

Komanso, makolo ang'ono ayenera kudziwa momwe angadziwire matenda ashuga akadali achichepere. Kupatula apo, matendawa amatha kukhudza munthu wazaka zilizonse komanso nthawi zambiri kuposa momwe zimakhalira, kuyambira kwake ndikovuta kudziwa kwa ana.

Zizindikiro zofala

Inde, njira yosavuta yodziwitsira matendawa ndikuyang'ana shuga mu labotale yapafupi. Koma sikuti nthawi zonse pamakhala zofunika kuchita ndipo, monga chotsatira, chikhumbo.

Chifukwa chake, pali zizindikiro zingapo zamomwe mungadziwire matenda a shuga m'magawo oyamba a chitukuko chake:

Nembanemba ya pakamwa imamuma nthawi zonse.
Ndikotheka kuzindikira matenda a shuga ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amwa. Ngati lipitilira malita atatu patsiku, ndipo ludzu silinathe, ndiye kuti munthu angakhale ndi shuga wambiri.
Matenda a shuga amaphatikizika ndi kukoka pafupipafupi. Ndipo nthawi iliyonse masana.
Khungu laumunthu limakhala loonda, louma, lomwe limakutidwa ndi michere yaying'ono ndi mamba. Khungu loyera limawoneka mmanja ndi miyendo. Osati zachilendo pamtundu.
Matenda a shuga popanda kuwunikira akuwonekera ndi chidwi chowonjezeka. Kumva njala mwa wodwala sikumatha.
Ngati minofu yanu ndi kutopa zimabwera mwachangu popanda chifukwa, ndiye ichi ndichimodzi mwazizindikiro za shuga.
Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amakhala ndi mantha amanjenje. Amakhumudwitsa kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri palibe chifukwa chotere.
Zizindikiro za matendawa zimakhudza masomphenya. Zimawonongeka kwambiri, "chithunzicho" chachita mitambo.
Manja ndi miyendo, tsitsi limayamba kutuluka. Koma pankhope, kukula kwawo kumawonjezereka.
Nthawi zina zizindikiro za matenda am'mimba zimafanana kwambiri ndi chizindikiritso cha chimfine.

Zizindikiro zonsezi ndizovuta zamatenda a mitundu yoyamba komanso yachiwiri. Koma chilichonse mwa izo chili ndi mawonekedwe ake. Ngati mumawaganizira, mutha kuzindikira kuti ndi matenda ati omwe amapezeka mthupi la munthu.

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga 1

Momwe mungadziwire mtundu 1 wa shuga? Muyenera kumveranso mosamala kumverera kwanu kapena kuwunikira momwe munthu wina alili komanso momwe aliri. Makamaka mwana.

Matenda a shuga monga matenda amawonekera posintha mwadzidzidzi kuchuluka kwa glucose. Izi, motero, zimayambitsa zizindikiro. Chowonetsa chachikulu chotere cha kusiyana kwakukulu ndiko kusazindikira. Pambuyo pa milandu yoyamba yotere, muyenera kukayezetsa matenda ashuga.

Chinthu chinanso cha matenda amenewa ndi kuchepa thupi kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, kulimbitsa ndikuwonjezera chakudya sikusintha mkhalidwe mwanjira iliyonse - wodwalayo akupitilirabe kuchepa thupi msanga. Kuchepetsa thupi kumabweretsa kutopa, kufooka komanso kutopa.

Type 1 shuga mellitus nthawi zambiri imayambitsa matenda a anorexia - imfa yomwe ili ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Izi nthawi zambiri zimawonedwa mwa ana ndi achinyamata. Mwa odwala omwe ali ndi zaka zopitilira 40, chiwonetserochi nthawi zambiri sichikhala. Ndipo ngati zilipo, sizikutchulidwa.

Popeza chithandizo cha matenda osiyanasiyana chimasiyana kwambiri, ndikofunikira kudziwa mtundu wa matenda omwe munthu amakhala nawo.

Zizindikiro za Matenda Awiri A shuga

Momwe mungadziwire matenda a shuga a 2? Komanso, powona momwe munthu alili ndi kukhalapo kwa zizindikilo zofunikira. Ngakhale kuti mtundu uwu wa matenda umatchedwa "wosawoneka" matenda, utha kutsimikizika.

Choyamba, kunenepa kwambiri. Zowona, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosatheka kudziwa kuti, pankhani iyi, chinali chiyani chomwe chidatsata ndipo zidatsata bwanji. Mwanjira ina, shuga wowonjezereka amatha chifukwa cha kunenepa kwambiri kapena kunenepa kwambiri chifukwa cha shuga.

Matenda a shuga, matanthauzidwe ake, amapezeka nthawi zambiri pakafukufuku wamatenda amkati. Kupatula apo, chizindikiro chachikulu cha matendawa ndi kuyabwa ndi khungu lake m'matsempha ndi m'manja.

Kwenikweni, zoona, matenda a shuga a 2 amapita popanda chizindikiro konse. Nthawi yomweyo, kuwononga pang'onopang'ono thupi kuchokera mkati. Wodwalayo atha kudziwa kuti akudwala pakuwonana ndi dokotala wa opaleshoni, a nephrologist kapena opaleshoni ya maso.Ndiye kuti, amamufikitsa kwa adotolo, Zizindikiro zomwe zidabuka motsutsana ndi maziko a matenda ashuga - kulephera kwa impso, gangrene, khungu.

Zizindikiro za matenda ana

Ngati munthu wamkulu nthawi zonse amadziwa kuyesedwa kwa matenda ashuga, ndiye kuti ndi ana ang'ono ndizovuta kwambiri. Choyamba, nthawi zambiri amadwala matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba.

Ndipo monga mukudziwa, ndi matenda omwe amakula mwachangu kwambiri. Nthawi zina masabata awiri awiri ndi okwanira kuti zinthu zisinthe kuchoka pazovuta kupita.

Chifukwa chake, muyenera kukhala ndi lingaliro lomveka bwino la momwe mungadziwire matendawa kwa mwana, komanso zomwe zingakhale zizindikiro zake.

Kusiyana kwazizindikiro

Mwa njira, iyi ndi mndandanda wathunthu wathunthu wa matenda amtundu wa matenda a shuga. Kuphatikiza apo, kupweteka kwapafupipafupi komanso kupweteka kwa minofu, ma pathologies a njira yolera amatha kuyang'aniridwa, mwa azimayi omwe amawonetsedwa ndi kuphwanya kwa nthawi ndi kuthekera kwazovuta zina, komanso mwa abambo - erectile dysfunctions, mpaka kugona.

Ndi mtundu woyamba, matendawa amayamba mosayembekezereka komanso mwachangu, ndipo amakula mkati mwa masabata a 5-6, ndipo nthawi zina kale. Odwala ali ndi lamulo labwino.

Chifukwa cha zisonyezo zosamveka bwino, zofunikira zazikulu za matendawa ndizoyesa zamankhwala mumkodzo ndi magazi.

Mtundu wachiwiri:

Mulibe acetone mkodzo,
Zikondwererozi zili mkati moyenera,
Kukhalapo kwa ma antibodies ndi ma cell oyera amatsutsidwa.

Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya matenda ashuga - mtundu 1 shuga ndi mtundu 2 shuga. Pali zosiyana zingapo pakati pa mitundu iwiriyi ya matenda ashuga, mwachitsanzo, omwe ali ndi zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, zizindikiro, mawonekedwe, amawachitira mosiyanasiyana, ali ndi magulu azaka zosiyanasiyana.

Njira yosavuta yopezera kusiyana, komanso kufanana pakati pawo, ndikufanizira magawo osiyanasiyana amatendawa.

Tebulo 1. Yotsimikizika shuga ya magazi omwe ali amitundu 1 ndi 2 shuga

Anthu ambiri athanzi amakhala ndi glucose wamba wamagazi pafupifupi 4.0 mmol / L kapena 72 mg / dl.

Chingwe cha Magazi a shuga a shuga

Mwazi wamagazi musanadye

Mwazi shuga 2 patatha chakudya

Anthu opanda matenda a shuga

zosakwana 7.8 mmol / l

Odwala a 2 Matenda A shuga

zosakwana 8.5 mmol / l

Odwala Awa Matenda Ati Ashuga

Ana omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1

zosakwana 10 mmol / l

Chithunzi cha chipatala cha matenda ashuga a 2

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matendawa imakhala ndi zosiyana pang'ono. Type 1 kapena 2 matenda ashuga - momwe mungadziwire ndi zizindikiro?

Kwa mitundu iyi ya matenda ashuga, pali zizindikiro wamba:

ludzu losatha ndi njala,
kukodza pafupipafupi,
kuyabwa ndi khungu louma
kutopa,
kusanza, kusanza,
dzanzi ndi kumva kuwawa m'miyendo,
kuchiritsa pang'onopang'ono mabala, mikwingwirima,
kusakhazikika.

Koma palinso zosiyana za zizindikiro.

Tanthauzo la shuga limaphatikizapo zovuta zomwe zingachitike. Ndiwofanana pamitundu iwiriyi: matenda oopsa, hypoglycemia, neuropathy, matenda a impso, kugunda kwa mtima ndi stroko, phazi la matenda ashuga, kudula miyendo, kupweteka kwa matenda ashuga.

Zizindikiro zitatu zoyambirira za matenda ashuga (kanema)

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda ashuga zimatha kukhala zosiyanasiyana kapena zowonda, ndipo kulimba kwake kumasiyanasiyana kutengera zinthu zina. Kuphatikiza apo, palibe odwala matenda ashuga awiri omwe amawonetsa zofanana ndi matenda ashuga.

2) Njala ya matenda ashuga: Matendawa akayamba, kuchuluka kwa insulini kumayamba kutsika, zomwe zimapangitsa wodwala kumva kuti ali ndi njala, ndipo amayamba kudya zochulukirapo kuposa masiku onse.

Kodi ndi zofunikira ziti zomwe zikuwonetsa matenda ashuga? Phunzirani zamomwe mungazindikire matenda ashuga asanawononge thupi lanu, kuchokera pa kanema.

Pali zotsatira zambiri zamankhwala zokhala ndi shuga wambiri othamanga. Zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri ndizo kulephera kwa impso, vuto la kupenya (khungu), kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha, komanso chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha matenda amtima (kuphatikizapo kugunda kwa mtima ndi sitiroko).

Zizindikiro zina ndi zifukwa zochenjeza ndizofala pamitundu yonse iwiri ya matenda ashuga. Amatha kuwoneka pagome pansipa, akuphatikizapo: ludzu lamkati, kukodza mwachangu, kuchepa thupi, kugona kwambiri, kufooka, kutopa, kupweteka komanso kusakwiya.

Gome 3. Kusanthula kosiyanitsa kwa zizindikiro, zizindikiro ndi zovuta za mtundu 1 ndi matenda ashuga 2

Kuchepetsa thupi kwambiri.

Kumverera kosalekeza kwanjala yayikulu.

Kumva kufooka kwambiri komanso kutopa.

Kusanza, kusanza, kusokonekera.

Kuchepetsa thupi kwambiri.

Kumverera kosalekeza kwanjala yayikulu.

Kumva kufooka kwambiri komanso kutopa.

Kusanza, kusanza, kusokonekera.

Thirani pamaso pa maso anu.

Kuchulukitsa.

Kuchira pang'onopang'ono kwa zilonda ndi mabala.

Kugundika kwa zala kapena dzanzi m'miyendo.

Maonekedwe a thupi la wodwalayo

Zambiri zabwinobwino kapena zowonda.

Kuchepetsa thupi kapena kunenepa kwambiri.

Kukula mwachangu (masabata) - Mkhalidwe wowopsa wa ketoacidosis nthawi zambiri umakhalapo.

Matenda a 2 a shuga amakula pang'onopang'ono (pazaka), nthawi zambiri amapezeka posachedwapa.

Matenda a shuga kapena ketoacidosis (ochokera ku shuga wambiri).

Kuthamanga kwa magazi (matenda oopsa).

Hypoglycemia (shuga wotsika magazi).

Khungu, matenda amaso.

Kudulidwa kwam'munsi.

Matenda a shuga kapena ketoacidosis (ochokera ku shuga wambiri).

Kuthamanga kwa magazi (matenda oopsa).

Hypoglycemia (shuga wotsika magazi).

Khungu, matenda amaso.

Kudulidwa kwam'munsi.

Momwe mungadziwire ngati pali matenda ashuga

Kusanthula pafupipafupi komanso kuchuluka kwa mkodzo womwe munthu amapereka tsiku lililonse ndi njira ina yodziwira matenda ashuga mwa mwana ndi wamkulu - ngati kukodza kumachitika pafupipafupi komanso mopitirira muyeso, izi zitha kuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa zizindikiro za matenda ashuga.

Ngati musintha kulemera, popanda kuchita khama lanu, ndiye kuti mwayi wokhala ndi matenda nawonso umakulanso. Mavuto azakudya za shuga atha kukhalapo chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwa glucose.

Chizindikiro chinanso chomwe chimatsimikiza kupezeka kwa matenda ashuga ndicho machiritso amtundu wa mabala ngakhale pang'ono. Komanso, odwala amatenga matenda opatsirana.

Mu shuga, monga lamulo, wodwalayo amamva kufooka komanso kutopa. Nthawi zambiri masomphenyawa amachepa.

Komabe, zizindikilo zonsezi zimatha kuchitika mofatsa kapena mwamphamvu. Kuphatikiza apo, aliyense wodwala matendawa amakhala ndi zomwe ali nazo.

Chizindikiro choyamba cha matenda ashuga ndi ludzu lalikulu. Zikuwoneka motsutsana ndi kumbuyo kwa kusowa kwa mphamvu pamene thupi limayesetsa kunyowa.

Kuphatikiza kuzindikiritsa matenda a shuga okha, ambiri ali ndi chidwi ndi funso, lingakhale mtundu wanji? Chifukwa chake, mu mawonekedwe oyamba (odalira insulin) matendawa, ambiri mwa zizindikiro zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa zilipo.

Kusiyanaku kumangokhala kuwonekera kwa zizindikiro. Ndi matenda amtunduwu, kulumpha lakuthwa m'magazi a magazi.

Kuyeza kwa shuga wamagazi ndi glucometer

Kuyesedwa kosavuta kwambiri komanso kolondola kwambiri kwa matenda ashuga pakhomo ndi kuyesa kwa shuga. Madzi a shuga m'magazi ali pamtengo wamtunda kuchokera ku 500 mpaka 3000 rubles.

Mamita a shuga m'magazi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zida zochepa zoyesa, komanso chida choboola. Ndikofunika kuti muzisamba m'manja musanayesedwe magazi anu kuti muchepetse zotsalira zilizonse zomwe zingasinthe zomwe mumawerengera.

Shuga yothamanga mwachizolowezi iyenera kukhala pakati pa 70-130 mg / dl. Ngati kuyesedwa kumachitika mkati mwa maola awiri mutatha kudya, ndiye kuti zotsatira zake ziyenera kukhala zosakwana 180 mg / dl.

Momwe mungadziwire shuga ndi mkodzo poyesa mkodzo

Njira yotsalira yoyezera shuga wamagazi ndimizere ya kuyesa kwa mkodzo. Zida zodziwira matenda a shuga zimawononga pafupifupi ma ruble 500.

Zingwe izi zimangofunika kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zidziwike kuti shuga yayikulu yamwazi ilipo. Zingwe sizimawona shuga wam magazi m'munsi kuposa 180 mg / dl, ndipo zotsatira zake ndizosavuta kutanthauzira molakwika.

Ngati shuga amawoneka pamizere yoyeserera mkodzo, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana shuga wamagazi anu ndi chipangizo cholondola.

Momwe mungadziwire matenda a shuga ndi zida za A1C

Njira ina yodziwira matenda ashuga pakhomo ndi zida za A1C. Izi zimayesa hemoglobin A1C ndikupereka shuga wam magazi pafupifupi miyezi itatu. A1C yachilendo iyenera kukhala mkati mwa 6 peresenti. Pogula zida zapanyumba za A1C, onetsetsani kuti zimapereka zotsatira mkati mwa mphindi zisanu.

Ngati ndinu membala wa banja lomwe mudadwala kapena mudwala matenda ashuga, ndiye kuti muli pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga. Chifukwa chake, ngati mbiri ya banja lanu iwonetsa kuti wina ali ndi matenda ashuga, ndiye kuti ayenera kukhala okonzekera kuti nawonso atha kukhudzidwa ndi matendawa, zomwe zimakupangitsani inu kudziwiratu momwe mungadziwire matenda ashuga ngakhale kunyumba.

Mtundu wa matenda amtunduwu umadziwika ndi zizindikiro zowopsa komanso mawonekedwe owonekera a matendawa. Ndi matenda awa, kusinthasintha kwakuthwa mu shuga kumachitika, kuchokera kotsika kwambiri mpaka kukwera, kowopsa kwa anthu.Ndi matenda a shuga 1 amtundu, kuchepa thupi kumachitika mofulumira, m'miyezi yoyamba ikhoza kukhala mpaka 15 kg.

Ndi kuchepa kwambiri thupi, kufooka, kugona, komanso kuchepa kwakukulu kwa ogwira ntchito kumawonedwa. Kulakalaka nthawi yomweyo kumakhala pamalo okwera. Kuphatikiza apo, matenda a anorexia amatha kuyamba, omwe amayamba ndi fungo lamkamwa, kusanza, kusanza mseru, kupweteka kwam'mimba kapena kupweteka m'mimba.

Matenda amtundu wa endocrine amawonetsedwa pokodza pafupipafupi komanso kumva ludzu. Cholinga chopita kwa dotolo kuyeneranso kukhala kuyabwa m'deralo komanso pakhungu la miyendo. Koma mawonetseredwe oterewa sangawonekere, ndiye matendawa amapitilira popanda zisonyezo mpaka zaka zingapo.

Pambuyo poti pamavuto anthu amapita kwa madotolo. Dokotala wamaso amatha kudziwa zilonda zam'mimba, dotolo amatha kudziwa zilonda zam'mimba.

Vuto la mtima kapena lathanzi lingatchulenso hyperglycemia. Zizindikiro zoyambirira zikaonekera, pakakhala cholowa cholowa, ndikofunikira kuperekanso magazi msanga wamagazi ndikuchezera endocrinologist.

Werengani zambiri za zizindikiro za matenda amtundu 2 - werengani apa.

Ndi matenda a shuga, pafupifupi mawonekedwe onse amaso amavutika. Chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe amaso a shuga ndi osiyanasiyana. Mulinso:

Zotsatira za "maso anga." Kumayambiriro kwa mankhwala a insulin, ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa msana wa glycemia mwa ena mwa odwala, diso limayamba kuwona.
mawonekedwe a kusiyidwa kwa eyelidi yapamwamba, kukula kwa strabismus, masomphenya awiri, kuchepa kwa matalikidwe oyenda amaso.
Kusintha kwa ma cornea amaso (zooneka pokha pazida zapadera).
open-angle glaucoma ndi intraocular matenda oopsa.
kuthyola kwa mandala amaso.

Matenda a shuga a Type 2 amakhudza anthu akamakula, makamaka iwo onenepa kwambiri. Matenda amtunduwu amasiyanasiyana ndi oyambawo chifukwa amakula motsutsana ndi maziko omwe amapanga insulin yokwanira. Koma mahomoni ndi osathandiza, chifukwa minyewa yathupi lawo limatha kuzindikira.

Kuzindikira kwa odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matendawa kumakhala kwabwino kwambiri, chifukwa samadalira jakisoni wokhazikika ndipo amatha kuchotsera zizindikilo ndi kuwopseza zovuta pakusintha kadyedwe kake komanso kuchuluka kwa zolimbitsa thupi. Ngati ndi kotheka, mankhwalawa amatha kuthandizidwa kuti azilimbitsa kapamba ndi kuchepetsa kukana kwa maselo ku insulin.

Kodi shuga yachiwiri imatsimikiziridwa bwanji ndi zizindikiro? Kwa nthawi yayitali, amatha kukhala osayankhula bwino kapena kupezeka kwathunthu, anthu ambiri samakayikira kuti ali ndi matenda.

Chizindikiro chachikulu chakunja cha hyperglycemia (shuga yayikulu magazi) ndikumayamwa kwa malekezero ndi maliseche. Pachifukwachi, nthawi zambiri munthu amazindikira za kupezeka kwake atakumana ndi dermatologist.

Chizindikiro cha matendayinso ndikuphwanya njira zosinthira minofu.

Kuphatikiza apo, matenda a shuga a 2 amatsogolera ku retinopathy, kuwonongeka kowonekera.

Popeza matendawa samawonekera koyamba, kuti akudwala, munthu nthawi zambiri amadzazindikira kuti akuwunika magazi, atadwala matenda a mtima kapena matenda opha ziwopsezo, pakumuika opaleshoniyo kuti amupangireni zovuta ndi miyendo yake (“matenda a shuga”).

Chizindikiro chimodzi chawonekera, muyenera kusintha chakudyacho mwachangu. Pakupita sabata, kusintha kudzakhala kodziwika.

Momwe mungadziwire mtundu wa shuga? Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuchititsa maphunziro owunikira. Choyamba, dokotala amayang'anira m'badwo ndi thupi la wodwalayo, kuti adziwe zomwe zilipo.

Kenako wodwalayo amatumizidwa kukayesedwa kwa labotale:

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa shuga. Wokhala pamimba yopanda kanthu. Magazi amachokera mu chala kapena mtsempha.
Mayeso a kulolera a glucose. Magazi amatengedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Pakatha ola limodzi, wodwalayo amapatsidwa njira yotsekemera yomwa ndipo magazi amatengedwanso. Gawo lotsatira la magazi limatengedwa pambuyo pa maola awiri ndipo zotsatira zake zimayerekezedwa.
Zisonyezero za hemoglobin ya glycated. Kuyesa kopindulitsa kwambiri komwe kumakupatsani mwayi wofufuza kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa miyezi itatu.
Kupima mkodzo wa shuga ndi matupi a ketone. Kupezeka kwa ketone mu mkodzo kumatsimikizira kuti glucose simalowa m'maselo amthupi ndipo samadyetsa.

Kuyesedwa kwa kudziwa shuga kunyumba kulibe. Pogwiritsa ntchito mita ya shuga m'magazi, mutha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, koma izi sizokwanira kuti mudziwe.

Kungoyesa kwa labotale ndi komwe kumatha kudziwa kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga komanso kudziwa mtundu wa matenda

Type 2 shuga mellitus - kudziwa kukhalapo kwa matenda siovuta. Kuzindikira kwakanthawi kumathandizira chithandizo ndikupewa kukula kwa zovuta.

Matenda a shuga mellitus (glycemia) ndi matenda osachiritsika omwe misempha ya magazi imakwera. Ngati muphunzira kuyang'anira mawonetsedwe ake, ndiye kuti shuga imatembenuka kuchokera ku matenda kukhala njira yapadera. Kenako ndizotheka kupewa zovuta zophatikizana. Zochita zanu zimatengera mtundu wa glycemia womwe mukudwala.

Pali mitundu iwiri yamatenda: mtundu I - wodwala insulin komanso mtundu II - insulini -yokha.

Kuzindikira matenda a shuga 1 a mtundu wa mellitus (wodalira insulin) nthawi zambiri sikovuta. Chithunzi cha chipatala, chopangidwa pokhapokha pa kafukufuku wa wodwalayo, chimatilola kale kuti tizinena za kukhalapo kwa matenda. Nthawi zambiri, kuyesedwa kwa labotale kumangolimbitsa kuzindikira koyambirira.

Magazi a glucose akumayenda bwino.

Pathology imayamba chifukwa cha kulephera kwa kapamba kuti apange insulin yokwanira. Zizindikiro zake zamatendawa ndizocheperako thupi ndipo, munthawi yomweyo, kulakalaka kudya, ludzu losatha, kukoka pafupipafupi komanso kukodza kwambiri, kufooka, komanso kusokonezeka kwa tulo.

Odwala ali ndi khungu lotumbululuka, amakonda kuzizira ndi matenda. Zilonda zotupa pakhungu nthawi zambiri zimawonekera, mabala amachiritsa bwino.

Osapitirira 10-20% ya odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1. Ena onse ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu 1, zizindikiro zake zimakhala zowopsa, matendawo ake ndiwakuthwa, ndipo kunenepa kwambiri nthawi zambiri kulibe. Odwala odwala matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 amakhala anthu onenepa kwambiri komanso achikulire. Mkhalidwe wawo sunali wowawa kwambiri.

Pozindikira matenda amtundu 1 komanso matenda amitundu iwiri, kuyesa kowonjezera kwamagazi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito:

pa C-peptide kuti muwone ngati kapamba amatulutsa payokha,
pa autoantibodies kupita ku ma pancreatic beta-cell omwe ali ndi ma antigen - amapezeka kawirikawiri mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a autoimmune 1,
pamatumbo a ketone m'magazi,
kafukufuku wamtundu.

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga	Type 2 shuga
Zaka zoyambirira za matenda
mpaka zaka 30	patatha zaka 40
Kulemera kwa thupi
kusocha	kunenepa mu 80-90%
Matenda oyamba
Zonunkhira	pang'onopang'ono
Zomwe matendawa amatenga
nthawi yophukira-yozizira	sikusoweka
Maphunziro a shuga
pali zowonjezera	khola
Ketoacidosis
atengeke kwambiri ketoacidosis	nthawi zambiri samakula, amakhala ochepa pakakumana ndi zovuta - zoopsa, opaleshoni, ndi zina zambiri.
Kuyesedwa kwa magazi
shuga ndiwokwera kwambiri, matupi a ketone mopitirira muyeso	shuga amakhala okwera pang'ono, matupi a ketone ndi abwinobwino
Urinalysis
shuga ndi acetone	shuga
Insulin ndi C-peptide m'magazi
yafupika	zabwinobwino, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakwezedwa, zimachepetsedwa ndi matenda a shuga a 2
Ma antibodies opezeka ma cell a beta
wapezeka mu 80-90% m'milungu yoyamba yamatenda	palibe
Immunogenetics
HLA DR3-B8, DR4-B15, C2-1, C4, A3, B3, Bfs, DR4, Dw4, DQw8	wosiyana ndi anthu athanzi

Algorithm iyi imawonetsedwa m'bukhu la "Diabetes. Diagnosis, chithandizo, kupewa "pansi pa kukonzanso kwa I.I.Dedova, M.V. Shestakova, M., 2011

Mtundu 2 wa matenda ashuga, ketoacidosis ndi matenda ashuga ndizosowa kwambiri. Wodwalayo amayankha mapiritsi a shuga, pomwe mu mtundu 1 wa shuga palibe zoterezi.Chonde dziwani kuti kuyambira pachiwonetsero cha matenda ashuga a XXI a 2X akhala "achichepere" kwambiri. Tsopano nthendayi, ngakhale ndiyosowa, imapezeka mu achinyamata ngakhale azaka za 10.

Kudziwitsa kwa C-peptide ndi insulin

Zizindikiro izi zimathandizira kudziwa mtundu wa shuga omwe wodwala ali nawo. Amachepetsa kwambiri matenda ashuga amtundu 1, ndipo amakhalanso amtundu wa 2 shuga.

Onse odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kulembedwa ndi katswiri wamkulu ndi endocrinologist. Osachepera 2 pachaka akuyenera kupimidwa. Zimaphatikizapo mayeso ndi kuyesedwa ndi ophthalmologist, neuropathologist, dokotala wozindikira kuti adziwe zizindikiro zoyambirira za zovuta za matenda ashuga.

Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga ndi chizindikiro chochokera m'thupi kuti njira yolembera shuga imasokonekera. Kuti mutsimikizire kupezeka kwa matendawa ndikuwonetsetsa mtundu wake, ndikofunikira kudutsa mayeso angapo kuti muwone zovuta kapena kupatula zomwe zimachitika mtsogolo.

Gawo loyamba lokayikira matenda a shuga ndikuyeza magazi anu. Izi zitha kuchitika kunyumba pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer. Nthawi zambiri, kuthamanga kwa shuga kwa magazi kuyenera kukhala kosiyanasiyana mwa 3.5-5.0 mmol / L, ndipo mutatha kudya - osapitilira 5.5 mmol / L.

Chithunzi chatsatanetsatane cha momwe thupi limakhalira litha kupezekanso kudzera mu mayeso a labotale, omwe akuphatikizapo izi.

Urinalysis yamatumbo a ketone ndi shuga

Kukhalapo kwa shuga mumkodzo kumatsimikiziridwa pokhapokha kuchuluka kwake m'magazi kumafikira mtengo wa 8 mmol / L kapena apamwamba, zomwe zikuwonetsa kulephera kwa impso kuthana ndi shuga kusefera.

Kumayambiriro kwa matenda ashuga, kuwerengera kwa shuga m'magazi kumatha kukhala kopanda malire - izi zikutanthauza kuti thupi limalumikizana ndi zomwe limasungidwa mkati mwake ndipo limatha kupirira pawokha. Koma kulimbana uku sikutenga, chifukwa chake, ngati munthu ali ndi matendawo amawonetsa matendawa, ayenera kupita kukayezetsa, kuphatikizira akatswiri otalikirana (endocrinologist, ophthalmologist, cardiologist, opaleshoni ya mtima, neuropathologist), yemwe, monga lamulo, amatsimikizira matendawa.

Zambiri zokwanira mwatsatanetsatane momwe mungadziwire mtundu wa shuga zimakuthandizani kuti muzichita nokha ndikuchitapo kanthu kuti muchepetse shuga m'magazi munthawi yochepa kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, kuzindikira matendawa kumayambiriro kumapewetsa kuchitika kwakukulu.

Pofuna kudziwa molondola kuchuluka kwa shuga m'madzi am'magazi, mayeso angapo a labotale amachitidwa:

Zitsanzo za magazi a shuga.
Urinalysis kwa shuga ndi matupi a ketone.
Chiyeso cha glucose chiwopsezo.
Kudziwitsa hemoglobin, insulin ndi C-peptide.

Ndi mtundu uti wowopsa kwambiri?

Mosasamala mtundu, shuga ndi matenda oopsa. Makamaka, ngati njira zoyenera za kupewa sizitsatira kapena ngati chithandizo sichili bwino, zovuta zina ndizotheka.

Mwa njira, pochita, palibe kusiyana pakumvana pakati pa mitundu iwiri iyi ya matenda ashuga: mu onse awiriwa pali zoopsa:

Matenda a shuga (poyambirira amatchedwa ketoacidotic coma, chachiwiri - hypersmolar),
Dontho lakuthwa la shuga,
Kusintha kwachidziwitso pakugwira ntchito kwa impso,
Kuyendetsa magazi
Kuchepa mphamvu ya chitetezo chathupi, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda opatsirana pafupipafupi komanso matenda opumira.
Kupititsa patsogolo kowonongeka, mpaka kuwonongeka kwathunthu.

Kuphatikiza apo, chiwopsezo chokhala ndi matenda amtima komanso neuropathy chimakulanso. Mitsempha ya Varicose yolumikizidwa ndi kusayenda bwino kwa magazi imatha kukhudza thanzi la m'munsi, m'mikhalidwe yovuta kwambiri yomwe imapangitsa kuti azidulidwa. M'pofunikanso kuwunikira momwe malingaliro a odwala oterowo, kupewa zovuta zopsinja, zosintha pafupipafupi.

Kuphatikiza pa izi, zitha kudziwidwa pokhapokha: ndi mtundu wodalira insulini, chifukwa chakuchepa kwa chitetezo chokwanira, kubayidwa pafupipafupi kumatha kuyambitsa minyewa komanso matenda.

Ndipo komabe, kufanizira ziwonetsero zonse ziwiri za matendawa, titha kufika pa mfundo yosatsutsika: kusowa kwa njira zina zodalira insulin komanso zovuta zomwe zingayambenso chifukwa chobwereza komanso zovuta zimapangitsa wodwala mtundu woyamba kukhala watcheru, makamaka kuyang'anira zaumoyo wake ndikukhazikika pamachitidwe ake .

Mtundu woyamba 1 ndi matenda a shuga a 2 ayenera kuthandizidwa mwachangu, mokwanira komanso moyenera.

Kwenikweni, imaphatikizapo magawo angapo: zakudya zoyenera, moyo wokangalika, kuwongolera shuga ndi magazi.

Pansipa pali malamulo oyenera ochiritsira matenda amtundu wa 2, omwe amasiyanitsa omwe ayenera kukumbukiridwa kuti athandize odwala.

Mtundu 1

Mtundu 2

Kubwezeretsa

Simungathe kuchira matenda ashuga kotheratu. Ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda, chithandizo chokwanira cha insulin nchofunikira. Posachedwa, asayansi akuganiza za kugwiritsa ntchito ma immunosuppressants, omwe amapanga gastrin, zomwe zimalimbikitsa kupanga kwa mahomoni ndi zikondamoyo.

Palibe machiritso athunthu a matendawa. Kutsatira kokha malingaliro onse a dokotala ndi kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera mankhwalawa kudzasintha mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo ndikuwonjezera kukhululuka.

Malangizo

Mankhwala a insulin

· Mankhwala (nthawi zina),

· Kuteteza magazi,

Kuyang'ana magazi

· Cholesterol kuwongolera.

Kutsatira zakudya zapadera,

· Kuteteza magazi,

Kuyang'ana magazi

· Cholesterol kuwongolera.

Chizindikiro cha zakudya zapadera ndizoti muchepetse kudya ndi mafuta omwe amapezeka m'mimba mosavuta.

Kuchokera muzakudya zomwe mumafunikira muyenera kupatula zinthu zophika mkate, makeke, maswiti osiyanasiyana ndi madzi okoma, nyama yofiira.

Pansipa pali njira zamakono zochizira komanso kupewa matenda ashuga a mitundu yoyamba ndi yachiwiri.

Kodi matenda ashuga angagonjetsedwe kunyumba?

Chida chodziwira shuga wamagazi chimatchedwa glucometer. Odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, amapezeka.

munthu asamadye pasanathe maola khumi maphunziro asanachitike,
muyenera kusiya kumwa mankhwala omwe angakhudze magazi anu,
sizoletsedwa kumwa ascorbic acid,
kupsinjika mwamphamvu kwamthupi ndi m'maganizo kungakhudze zotsatira za kafukufukuyu.

Kuyesedwa kwa mkodzo kwa shuga kumachitidwanso. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kusuta mkodzo patsiku: kuyambira m'mawa tsiku lina mpaka m'mawa tsiku lotsatira.

Pali zingwe zapadera zoyeserera zomwe zimasintha mtundu kutengera mtundu wa shuga mkodzo. Ngati palibe shuga, ndiye kuti mzerewo sungasinthe mtundu wake; ngati utasandulika wobiriwira, ndiye kuti ulipo.

Kutengera kukula kwa banga, kutsukidwa kwa shuga mu mkodzo kumatsimikiziridwa.

Chikhalidwe cha matenda a shuga chimatha kupezeka ndi munthu aliyense, ngakhale akuluakulu kapena ana ali otetezeka ku izi. Koma ichi si chigamulo, koma nthawi yolipira thanzi lanu.

Ndizotheka kuchiritsa matendawa osati mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala, kudya mokwanira bwino kumatenga gawo lofunikira. Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoyipa, ndiye kuti chithandizo sichingaphule kanthu.

Onani malamulo oyamba okhudza chakudya:

Ndikofunikira kuti mukhale ndi mphamvu zambiri, ndiye kuti, zopatsa mphamvu zambiri momwe mungafunikire kuti muzitha,
kudya mapuloteni, mafuta ndi michere yambiri kuyenera kukwaniritsa zosowa za thupi lanu.
ziyenera kudyedwa pang'ono, m'malo ochepa.

Tsatirani malangizowa:

kuyang'anira kudya zakotsekemera, ufa, chokoleti ndi uchi,
Zakudya zamafuta kwambiri ndi zonunkhira zimatsutsana,
Mlingo sayenera kungokhala shuga wowoneka bwino, koma kukhalapo kwake kupanikizana kapena maswiti,
zakumwa zoledzeretsa siziyenera kupezeka nthawi iliyonse yomwe zingatheke.

Chabwino ndikuyamba kuchiza matenda amtundu uliwonse pachiyambi kuti athane ndi zovuta. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa zikaonekera, mutha kuyesa mayeso a glucose kunyumba. Pamaso pa hyperglycemia, amasonyezedwa kuti azichita tsiku ndi tsiku.

Kugwiritsa ntchito glucometer. Kuyesa koyenera komanso kosavuta kunyumba. Chipangizocho chimabwera chokwanira ndi ma strolo angapo oyesa ndi chida choboola chala. Ndikofunika kuti muzitsuka kaye komwe magazi amayesedwako. Kuthamanga kwa glucose ndikwabwinobwino 70-130 mg / dl, mutatha kudya zosakwana 180 mg / dl.
Mzere woyeserera mkodzo. Kukhalapo kwa shuga mumkodzo kumatsimikiziridwa. Kuyesedwa koyenera kumafuna kuyezetsa magazi.
Khazikitsani A1C. Amakulolani kuti muzindikire shuga kunyumba, komanso hemoglobin. Mulingo wa shuga siupitilira 6% malinga ndi umboni wa zida, zomwe zimawulula pambuyo pa mphindi 5.

Njira zanyumba zoterezi zitha kuthandizidwa pambuyo poyambira matenda Koma ngakhale sangatsimikizire chithunzi chonse cha endocrine matenda. Dokotala yekha ndi mayeso a labotore omwe akuwonetsa chithandizo chamankhwala ndi chiyani.

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda ovuta omwe amabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa popanda chithandizo choyenera komanso kupewa zovuta za insulin, kuphatikizapo imfa. Ndikofunikira kuzindikira ndikuwongolera ndi thandizo lakuchipatala pakapita nthawi, tsatirani malingaliro onse othandizira kuti mukhale ndi moyo wabwino kwambiri.

Chithandizo ndi Kupewa

Kutsatira malangizowa kumatanthauza zambiri kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi wina m'banjamo yemwe ali ndi vutoli. Kukhala moyo wongokhala kumawononga thanzi lako, makamaka, kumayambitsa matenda ashuga.

Chifukwa chake, tsiku lililonse muyenera kuchita kuthamanga, yoga, kusewera masewera omwe mumakonda, kapena ngakhale kungoyenda.

Simungathe kugwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso, kusowa tulo, chifukwa kuchepa kwa chitetezo chathupi. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mtundu woyamba wa shuga ndi wowopsa kwambiri kuposa wachiwiri, motero moyo wathanzi umatha kuteteza anthu ku matenda otere.

Ndipo chifukwa chake, munthu amene akudziwa chomwe matenda ashuga ali, chomwe chimasiyanitsa mtundu woyamba ndi wachiwiri, zizindikiro zazikuluzikulu za matendawa, kuyerekeza pamankhwala amitundu iwiriyo, atha kulepheretsa kukula kwake kapena, ngati atapezeka, azindikireni matendawa ndikuyamba njira yolondola.

Inde, matenda ashuga amakhala ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu kwa wodwalayo, koma poyankha mwachangu, mutha kukonza thanzi lanu pochepetsa kuchuluka kwa glucose pamlingo wamba. Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa matenda amtundu wa 2 ndi mtundu wa 2 omwe ali mu vidiyoyi?