30 April, 2024
    Matenda a shuga

    Momwe timadwalitsira ana athu: kunenepa kwambiri komanso kunenepa kwambiri mwa mwana ndi achinyamata - malangizo a chipatala

    Vuto limodzi lalikulu masiku athu ano ndi kunenepa kwambiri mwa ana ndi achinyamata. Chiwerengero cha odwala chotere chikuwonjezeka tsiku lililonse ndipo izi ndizowopsa. Kufotokozera izi ndizosavuta kwambiri, chifukwa chifukwa chachikulu cholemera ndizosachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso kusowa zakudya m'thupi.

    Nthawi zina, kunenepa kwambiri kumatha kuchitika chifukwa chosagwira bwino ntchito mu chithokomiro cha chithokomiro, neoplasms muubongo, komanso mavuto ena akulu azaumoyo. Pachifukwa ichi, kholo lililonse limangofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa mkhalidwe wa thanzi la mwana wawo, ndipo zolakwika zilizonse zolemetsa ziyenera kuwonetsetsa ndikuyang'ana kwa dokotala.

    Ngati kunenepa kwambiri kunayamba kukula kuubwana, ndiye kuti zingayambitse zovuta zowopsa. Mwa ana onenepa kwambiri, ngozi za matenda otere zimachulukirachulukira.

    • matenda ashuga
    • ochepa matenda oopsa
    • kulephera kwa chiwindi
    • mavuto a ndulu.

    Pofika ukalamba, odwala oterowo amayamba kubadwa osabereka pang'ono pang'ono, kuphwanya kwa mtima, komanso matenda a mtima.

    Njira zothandizira kunenepa kwambiri zimadalira malo ake ndipo zikuphatikiza mfundo izi:

    1. zakudya zabwino
    2. zolimbitsa thupi mosalekeza
    3. mankhwala kapena opaleshoni (ngati pakufunika kutero).

    Mokulira, mukufunikabe kudziwa kuchokera komwe mungayambe kuyankhula za kunenepa kwambiri kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kulemera kwa mwana aliyense kumadalira chibadwa chake, kutalika kwake, komanso chibadwa chake.

    Zosafunikanso kwambiri kukhala mkhalidwe wathanzi ndi zikhalidwe zanu.

    Mankhwala amadziwa njira zingapo zodziwira kulemera kwamphamvu kwa mwana.

    Zomwe zimayambitsa kunenepa kwambiri mwa ana

    Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya kunenepa:

    • alimentary (chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi ndi kusowa kwa zochita zolimbitsa thupi za mwana),
    • endocrine (amapezeka mwa ana ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi mavuto akulu a endocrine glands: gren adrenal, chithokomiro, komanso thumba losunga mazira).

    Kutengera ndi zina mwazizindikiro zomwe zimayenda ndi kunenepa kwambiri, munthu atha kufotokoza zomwe zimapangitsa kuti achite izi.

    Ngati mwana wonenepa kwambiri, ndiye kuti muyenera kumvetsera kwa makolo ake. Ngati kunenepa kwambiri kumaonekeranso, ndiye kuti titha kulankhula za osayenera kudya.

    Banja lotere limatha kudya zopatsa mphamvu zokwanira kalori tsiku lililonse, zomwe zimakhala ndi chakudya chamafuta ndi mafuta ambiri. Ngati ndi choncho, kuti, nthawi zambiri, mwanayo amadwala kunenepa kwambiri.

    Muzochitika zotere, kunenepa kwambiri kwa mwana kudzakhala kwathunthu chifukwa cha kusamvana pakati pa zopatsa mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuperewera kwa mphamvu kumeneku kumachitika chifukwa chakuyenda modekha.

    Ngati tikulankhula za makanda, ndiye kuti kunenepa kwambiri ndi zotsatira za kuyambitsidwa kosakwanira kwa zakudya zophatikiza, zomwe zili ndi mafuta komanso mafuta ochulukirapo. Ana okalamba amatha kukhala ndi mapaundi owonjezera ngati athera nthawi yawo yonse kusewera masewera apakompyuta kapena kuonera TV. Mphamvu zonse zolandiridwa kuchokera ku chakudya zimakhalabe mu depot yamafuta.

    Chofunikira chodziwitsa za kunenepa kwambiri ndi kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi ndi moyo wosakwanira.

    Masewera omwe mwana wakhala wonenepa kwambiri kuyambira pakubadwa kwake kapena mukuchedwa kuchepa kwake, ndizotheka kuti kunenepa kwambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha zovuta zobadwa nazo ndi chithokomiro cha chithokomiro.Development lag ikhoza kuwonetsedwa ndi kuchedwa:

    1. chidacho
    2. atagwira mutu.

    Kuphatikiza apo, kutupa kwa nkhope ya mwana kumawonedwa. Zonsezi pamwambapa zikuwonetsa hypothyroidism.

    Muzochitika momwe kunenepa kwambiri kosiyanasiyana kumayang'aniridwa motsutsana ndi kumbuyo kwa kubwezeretsa m'maganizo, kufooka kwa minofu ndi strabismus, ndiye mu nkhani iyi titha kulankhula za kukhalapo kwa kubadwa kwa majini obadwa nawo, mwachitsanzo, Down syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome (monga chithunzi).

    Kunenepa kwambiri mwa ana ndi achinyamata. Zizindikiro

    Ngati kunenepa kwambiri kwa digiri iliyonse kumayendetsedwa ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi, ndiye kuti pali mwayi wokhala ndi hypothyroidism:

    • kutopa,
    • kufooka
    • kugona
    • kugwira ntchito kusukulu yapansi
    • kusadya bwino
    • khungu lowuma,
    • kudzimbidwa
    • matumba pansi pamaso.

    Hypothyroidism yamtunduwu imadziwika ndi mavuto ndi kugwira ntchito kwa chithokomiro cha chithokomiro, komanso kuchepa kwakukulu kwa ayodini. Monga lamulo, matenda, ngati ali atsikana ochulukirapo, amatha kutha kusamba (amenorrhea) kapena kuphwanya kwina kulikonse.

    Ngati kulemera kwambiri kumayikidwa pamimba, khosi, nkhope, ndiye kuti zingatheke kuti mwanayo akudwala matenda a Itsenko-Cushing's. Amadziwikanso ndi zizindikiro zina, mwachitsanzo, mikono ndi miyendo yolakwika, kupangika kwamtundu wautoto wofiirira (amatchedwanso striae).

    Ndi matendawa, pali kuchuluka kwama mahomoni omwe amapangidwa ndi ma adrenal gland.

    Ngati kunenepa kwambiri kwa madigiri osiyanasiyana kwa ana kumayendetsedwa ndi mutu, ndiye kuti akuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa chotupa. Poyerekeza ndi kumbuyo kwamavuto am'mimba ndi migraine, zizindikiro zina zitha kuonedwa:

    1. kukulitsa bere (mwa anyamata ndi atsikana). Galactorrhea (secretion mkaka ku tiziwalo), kuphwanya kwa msambo mu atsikana, titha kuzindikira. Izi zikachitika, ndiye kuti tikulankhula za prolactinoma - chotupa mumtundu wa pituitary yomwe imatulutsa prolactin (mahomoni omwe amayang'anira kupanga mkaka nthawi yayitali. Kuphatikiza apo, prolactinoma ndiyothekanso mwa anyamata. Pankhaniyi, kukulitsidwa kwa mawere, kupweteka mutu, komanso kuwonetsa zina kwazovuta zamkati pazowonekera,
    2. muzochitika pamene zizindikiro za hypothyroidism zilinso nawo izi, ndiye kuti, kwambiri, kunenepa kwambiri mu achinyamata kuyambitsidwa ndi chotupa cha pituitary. Zotsatira zake, padzakhala kuphwanya kapangidwe ka timadzi tomwe timalimbikitsa chithokomiro cha chithokomiro.
    3. ndi kuwonjezera kwa mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe ake a Itsenko-Cushing, pali kuthekera kwakukulu kwa chotupa. Neoplasm yotere imatulutsa kuchuluka kwambiri kwa ACTH (adrenocorticotropic mahormoni), yomwe imayambitsa kutulutsa kwa glucocorticosteroids ndi tiziwalo tamadontho tambiri.

    Pali nthawi zina pomwe mwana wamwamuna akakhala ndi vuto lochedwa kutha msinkhu ndi gynecomastia. Choyambitsa chachikulu cha njirayi chimatchedwa adiposogenital dystrophy. Matendawa amayambitsidwa ndi kusowa kwa mahomoni a pituitary omwe amachititsa kuti minyewa iziyenda bwino.

    Atsikana, Zizindikirozi zikuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa ovary ya polycystic.

    Kodi chiopsezo chachikulu cha kunenepa kwambiri ndi chiani?

    Kunenepa kwambiri mu ana (chithunzi) kumatha kuyambitsa matenda oyamba kwambiri omwe si a gulu lino.

    • matenda oopsa
    • matenda a chiwindi
    • matenda a mtima.

    Matendawa amatha kudwalitsa mwana thanzi komanso kuchepetsa moyo wake.

    Pali zotsatirazi zovuta za kunenepa kwambiri kosiyanasiyana:

    1. Kuchokera pamtima: mtima wamatenda, kuthamanga kwa magazi, kulephera kwamtima, angina pectoris. Mavuto awa, omwe ndi achikulire, amabweretsa mavuto ambiri kwa ana onenepa kwambiri.
    2. Kuchokera pamimba: kupukusika kwa gallbladder (cholecystitis), kutupa kwa kapamba (kapamba), zotupa, kudzimbidwa pafupipafupi. Kukhazikika kwa mafuta m'chiwindi kumayambitsa lipid hepatosis (steatosis). Matendawa amadziwika ndi vuto losakwanira la chiwindi chifukwa chakuchotsa minofu yachilendo ya adipose. Kawirikawiri, steatosis imayambitsa matenda a chiwindi,
    3. Kuyambira mafupa ndi mafupa, kufooka kwa mafupa, kupweteka kwammalo olumikizirana, ndi mapazi osyoka amatha kuwonedwa. Ana onenepa kwambiri adzavutika ndi kusokonezeka kwa maondo kwa mawondo (miyendo izikhala ngati zilembo X)
    4. Ndi vuto la kuperewera kwa mahomoni, insulini, yomwe imapangidwa ndi kapamba ndikuwonetsetsa kuti pali shuga wambiri, imayambitsa matenda osokoneza bongo a mtundu wachiwiri. Zizindikiro zokhala ndi matenda ashuga ndi izi: kugona, ludzu losatha, kulakalaka kwambiri, kufooka, kukodza pafupipafupi,
    5. Ana onenepa kwambiri amakhala ndi vuto la kugona monga kufooka ndi ziphuphu (kulephera kupuma pang'ono pang'ono).

    Amayi onenepa kuyambira ubwana ali ndi mwayi wokhala wosabereka moyo wonse.

    Kusiyanasiyana, kunenepa kwambiri mwa ana ndi achinyamata kungakhale kofunikira kwambiri pamavuto ambiri azikhalidwe. Ana oterewa amakhalanso ndi vuto lalikulu polankhulana ndi anzawo.

    Nthawi zambiri zotsutsana ndi izi, nkhawa zimayamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu azinenepa kwambiri komanso azingokhala ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, uchidakwa komanso mavuto azakudya, mwachitsanzo, bulimia kapena anorexia (monga chithunzi).

    Kodi kunenepa kumachitika bwanji?

    Maluso ochotsa mapaundi owonjezera mwa mwana mwachindunji zimatengera zomwe zimachitika. Mosalephera, adokotala amalimbikitsa:

    • zakudya zamankhwala
    • zolimbitsa thupi
    • mankhwala
    • opaleshoni yolowerera (ngati kuli kotheka).

    Chithandizo cha kunenepa kwambiri muubwana ndi unyamata ndi njira yayitali kwambiri. Gawo lililonse la magawo ake liyenera kuvomerezedwa pakati pa makolo a mwana wodwala ndi sing'anga.

    Maphunziro azakudya ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi

    Cholinga chachikulu cha kadyedwe ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi sikuti kungonenepa thupi, komanso kupewa kunenepa kwambiri. Pakunenepa kwambiri, mwana adzawonetsedwa chakudya chokhacho chopangidwa kuti muchepetse kunenepa.

    Kuchepetsa thupi kuyenera kukhala kosalala nthawi zonse. Kudumpha mwadzidzidzi kulemera sikuvomerezeka!

    Zakudya zopatsa thanzi ziyenera kutsatiridwa mosamalitsa malinga ndi malingaliro a endocrinologist. Dotoloyo aziganizira zonse zomwe zimachitika m'thupi la mwana wodwalayo ndikuwerengera zomwe amafunikira tsiku lililonse monga mafuta, chakudya, mapuloteni, zinthu zina, ndi mavitamini. Zitha kukhala, mwachitsanzo ,.

    Maphunziro akuthupi adzaphatikizapo:

    1. kusambira
    2. aerobics
    3. masewera akunja,
    4. othamanga.

    Kuti mwana achite chidwi ndi zamasewera, kholo lililonse liyenera kukhazikitsa chitsanzo chake ndikulimbikitsa pa zomwe achite.

    Ngakhale kuyenda pafupipafupi kwa mphindi 30 kumathandizira kuti mwana azikhala wathanzi, komanso kuchepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi zovuta za kunenepa kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana.

    Udindo wofunikira udzagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi banja labwino. Ndikofunikira kumuthandiza mwana kuthana ndi zovuta za kunenepa kwambiri ndikuwonekeratu kuti simungayang'ane pa izi.


    Nthawi yomwe zaka zapakati pa 7 ndi 12 (zaka 14.5) ndi nthawi yamuyaya, ndizotsogola (nthawi isanachitike kutha msinkhu). Msinkhu wocheperako kumayambiriro kwa unamwali ndi zaka 8 (zaka 8.5), kusintha kwatsopano ndi zaka 14.5
    (nthawi zambiri mwa anyamata). Munthawi imeneyi m'pamene kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi mthupi lanu kumawonekera kwambiri.

    Atsikana amalemera msanga komanso ochulukirapo kuposa anyamata, zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndikangoyamba kumene pakukula kwa kugonana. Mwambiri, ndi munthawi imeneyi pomwe makolo amakondwerera kuchuluka kwa kunenepa kwambiri, komwe nthawi zambiri kumatchedwa zaka - 8 zaka.Zikuoneka kuti ndi munthawi imeneyi pamene "zizolowezi zolakwika zodyedwa 'zomwe zidagonekedwa poyambilira zidayamba kudziwika bwino," kusinthidwa "ndi kuyambika kwa kuphatikiza kwama mahomoni ogonana komanso kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa insulini, mahomoni omwe amathandiza kuyamwa glucose.

    Pali insulin yambiri, yonse chifukwa cha "kulumpha kwakugonana" komanso chifukwa cha kumwa mopitirira muyeso. Zimakhala zozungulira mozungulira: insulin yochulukirapo - glucose yambiri imakumwa, shuga wowonjezera - insulin yambiri imapangidwa. Ndizachidziwikire momwe mungasungire bwalo - kuchepetsa kudya kwa "kuwala" chakudya. Kupanda kutero, nthawi yam'badwo uno ndi yapakatikati ndipo palibe chodabwitsa kwambiri.

    Chofunikira pa mawonekedwe a kunenepa kwambiri panthawiyi: ngati msungwana wonenepa kwambiri amayamba kutha msinkhu, kunenepa kwambiri kumamupangitsa kuti athetse kupangika kwa mahomoni, ngati mwana walowa mu unamwali, kunenepa kwambiri (pokhapokha ngati ali m'giredi 4 kunenepa kwambiri) sikungamupangitse kuphwanya kwakukulu kutha msinkhu .

    Testosterone, mu nkhani iyi, mahomoni "matsenga". Iyo, limodzi ndi mahomoni okula (ndipo imapangidwa kwambiri ndi anyamata nthawi yakutha kuposa atsikana), imapanga metabolism yabwino ya "mafuta osungunuka". Atsikana, zonse ndizofanana. Homoni yachikazi - estradiol kangapo imalimbikitsa mwachangu kukhathamiritsa kwa ma acid acids ndi kuphatikizika kwawo m'mafayilo amafuta.

    Munthawi imeneyi, ndikofunikira kuyamba kuzolowera mwana kuchita masewera okhazikika! , kulanga, kudziletsa. Ndizofunikira nthawi zonse ngati pali chitsanzo cha wamkulu pamaso pa mwana. Ndikofunikira kuti atsikana aphunzire mapulasitiki - kuvina, masewera olimbitsa thupi. Anyamata amangolanga, ndiye kuti masewera sofunikira. Chinthu chachikulu ndikuyenda, nthawi 3-5 pa sabata, osachepera mphindi 30 patsiku.

    Tsopano ponena za zakudya. Ndimapereka zitsanzo za mgonero wa SK1 wazaka zopatsidwa komanso malonda azovomerezeka. Sikovuta kuwona kuti chakudyachi chili ndi kanthu kofanana ndi chakudya cha 8 Pevzner mwa akulu.

    Ndikofunikira kupatula: broths olemera, nyama zosuta, zakudya zokhala ndi mchere komanso zamchere, nyama zamafuta ndi nsomba, masoseji, masoseji, misuzi ya zipatso, koloko, tchipisi, zopopera, khofi, zamalonda tsiku lililonse, zopangidwa ndi xylitol, sorbitol, makeke, makeke, mtedza, mbewu , ketchup ndi msuzi wina.

    Malire: batala mpaka 2 tsp, mafuta a azitona ndi masamba mpaka 1 tbsp, msuzi pa msuzi 2 (osathira masamba msuzi), mbatata, mpunga, pasitala, mbatata (yophika / yosenda) mpaka 6-7 tbsp. l mukaphika, izi ndi zinthu zomwe zimadyedwa nthawi ya nkhomaliro, mazira pambuyo pa masiku awiri atatu mu mawonekedwe a omelet, mkate 2-3 magawo patsiku (osati bourget, osati lonse njere, makamaka rye), nthangala kawiri pa sabata, zipatso mpaka Zidutswa zitatu patsiku (nthochi mu masiku 2-3, mphesa ndizochepa), shuga woyengedwa 1 tiyi, katatu patsiku, marmalade pa madzi achilengedwe - chidutswa chimodzi kapena marshmallow 1 chidutswa, (kupatula), makeke 2 ma PC lembani "Mariya", kupanikizana ndi kupanikizana osaposa 1-2 tsp

    Chololedwa: masamba, masamba ophika, nyama yopendekera ndi nsomba (mwa mawonekedwe a nyama, ma-meatbart), stewed, makamaka kalulu, ng'ombe, nsomba, nsomba, nsomba (codulira), kanyumba tchizi mpaka 5% mafuta (m'mawa - zachilengedwe, madzulo - casserole kapena cheesecakes ), tchizi wopanda mafuta ambiri, phala mpaka supuni 6 m'mitundu yophika (kupatula semolina, ochepa tirigu), mkaka, kefir, yogurt mpaka magalasi awiri 2-3 patsiku.

    Kudya pang'ono mpaka nthawi 5-6 patsiku.

    Zosankha zamwana wazaka izi:
    Mmawa: phala lililonse la mkaka 6-7 supuni, nyama yophika (kapena cutlet), mkate, tiyi wokoma pang'ono 200 ml.

    2 kadzutsa: yogati 200 ml.

    Chakudya chamadzulo: saladi wa masamba 100-150 gr, msuzi kapena msuzi wa kabichi 200 ml, yophika nkhuku 100 gr, mbatata yophika 100 gr, zipatso zouma compote 200 ml, mkate wa rye 60 gr.

    Zakudya zoziziritsa kukhosi: kanyumba tchizi 150 magalamu, rye mkate wowuma 1 pc., Compote, kapena tiyi, kapena msuzi wa masamba 200 ml.

    Chakudya chamadzulo: nyama yodulidwa, kolifulawa yophika 200 g, mkate 1 wa tirigu, tiyi wa 200 ml.

    Usiku: kefir 150 ml.

    Mwachilengedwe, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kunenepa, zopatsa mphamvu za calorie zimafotokozedwanso payokha, pakadali pano, ngakhale popanda kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi.

    Munthawi imeneyi, kunenepa kwambiri madigiri 3-4 kumatha kuyambitsidwa masiku osala kudya - Thupi la ana lakonzekera kale izi. Chofunikira kwambiri ndikuchepetsa zakudya za calorie mpaka 1000 kcal patsiku 1 nthawi imodzi pa sabata.Nthawi zambiri amayamba ndi kusala kudya kwa "protein" - curd, nyama kapena mkaka, pambuyo pake amasintha kukhala masiku osala zipatso kapena masamba, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito masiku osala awiri: tsiku limodzi - mapuloteni, masiku awiri - chakudya. Madzi masiku awa alibe malire.

    Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri pakuchiza kunenepa kwambiri ndikumachepetsa chilakolako chambiri pakudya lalikulu, koma lopanda mphamvu, lopanda zakudya zambiri zomanga thupi!

    Pambuyo gawo la chakudya chochepa-kalori chitamalizidwa, pamene kulemera kofunikira kumafikira, kusintha kwa kudya zakudya ndi kuyambitsa pang'onopang'ono kwa "zinthu zoletsedwa", mutha kupitilizabe kusala kudya.

    Kuyambira wazaka 9, kuwonda kwa mwana wokhala ndi kunenepa kwambiri, pathological hyperinsulinism, mankhwala amatha kutumikiridwa. Koma funsoli limathetsedwa kokha ndi dokotala kapena kufunsira kwa madokotala!

    Munthawi ya zaka 0-1, 1-7, 7-14.5, sitikulankhula za kuchepa thupi, ndipo izi ndizofunika kuzimvetsetsa, koma kuti tisiyane (kukula kumapitilira, kulemera "kumayima"), koma mu nthawi yachinayi ndikutha msinkhu , tikambirana za kuwonda.

    ZIKUTI PANGOFUNA KUTI UTHENGA KWA ANA (zolimbikitsa):

    Osamuuza mwana kuti "ndiwadyera" kapena "waulesi." Muwuzeni kuti mukumvetsetsa momwe zimavalira kusankha zakudya mwanzeru.
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    Osamupangitsa mwana wanu kuti azidziimba mlandu chifukwa cha zakudya zomwe amakonda. Mutamandeni mukadzaona kuti akudya bwino.
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    Osamuuza mwana kuti sakudzithandiza. Funsani mwana wanu momwe mungamuthandizire kudya moyenera.
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    Musaope mwana wanu ndi kunenepa. Muuzeni zomwe zingakhale bwino akakhala wovuta.
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    Osadandaula za kulemera kwanu komanso momwe "zimasangalatsa" pakudya. Khazikitsani chitsanzo chabwino ndipo chitani chilichonse momwe mungafune kuti mwana wanu azichita.
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    Osaperekanso kuwunika koyipa kwa anthu ena (anzanu, abale, anthu otchuka) onenepa kwambiri. Onani chilichonse chokongola mwa mwana wanu: maso ake, tsitsi lake, ntchito zake zabwino, zovala zosankha, ndi zina zambiri.
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    Musamveke bwino kwa mwana kuti adzakhala wokondwa kokha ngati ali ndi kulemera koyenera. Lankhulani ndi mwana wanu za zabwino zakugwirira ntchito kulemera kwanu.
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    Musauze mwana wanu kuti kunenepa kwambiri ndi vuto lake. Fotokozerani kuti ndizovuta kwambiri kuti anthu ena azitha kulemera kuposa ena - moyo ndiwopanda chilungamo, koma mwina ali ndi mwayi pazinthu zina!

    Ndikufunanso kukambirana za mutu wosangalatsa ngati masikelo Tanita ndi openda zamafuta madzi mthupi. Ngati ali okhudzidwa mwanjira inayake ndi achikulire, ndiye kuti "sagwira ntchito" kwa ana, chifukwa WHO (World Health Organisation) sanakonzekere kwathunthu miyezo yovomerezeka yamafuta / madzi mthupi la ana amisinkhu yosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, sizingatheke kuyang'anira pawokha magawo amenewa, popeza sizomvetsa chisoni.

    Tipitilize ....... mu gawo lotsatira ndidzalankhula za kunenepa kwambiri zomwe zikugawana kunenepa kwambiri kwa atsikana komanso kunenepa kwambiri kwa anyamata nthawi yakutha msinkhu.

    Kodi Kunenepa Kwambiri ndi Ana -

    Mkhalidwe momwe kulemera kwa thupi la mwanayo ndikwepuka kuposa momwe zimakhalira ndi anthu opitilira 15%, ndipo chisonyezo monga cholozera chaumoyo ndi chofanana kapena kuposa 30.

    Zambiri zofufuza m'maiko a CIS zikuwonetsa kuti ku Ukraine, Russia, Belarus ndi mayiko ena a USSR yakale, 12% ya ana ndi onenepa kwambiri. 8.5% ya iwo omwe akukhala m'mizinda amavutika, ndipo mwa ana omwe akukhala kumadera akumidzi, awa ndi pafupifupi 5.5.

    Masiku ano padziko lapansi chiwerengero cha ana onenepa kwambiri chikukula, chifukwa madokotala akuyenera kulabadira vutoli, makamaka, monga ana endocrinologists. Oposa theka la achikulire omwe ali ndi vuto la kunenepa kwambiri, njirazi zinayamba ubwana kapena unyamata.Mwana akayamba kunenepa kwambiri, amakhala pachiwopsezo chake chokhala ndi matenda amkati, mtima, komanso kubereka. Kunenepa kwambiri kumawonjezeranso mwayi wamavuto ndi matenda am'mimba komanso minofu ya mafupa.

    Kunenepa kwambiri mwa ana ndi njira yolepheretseka, motero ndikofunika kulabadira njira zodzitetezera, zomwe zidzafotokozeredwe mwatsatanetsatane pansipa.

    Gulu la kunenepa kwambiri mwa ana

    Pali mitundu iwiri ya kunenepa kwambiri mwa ana:

    Choyambirira chimatha kukhala chopatsa thanzi (chomwe chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zakudya zolakwika) kapena malamulo okhazikika (operekedwa "ndi cholowa" kuchokera kwa makolo). Mwanjira yotsiriza, mwana satenga mafuta ochuluka, koma mawonekedwe a mapangidwe a metabolic m'thupi.

    Kunenepa kwambiri nthawi zambiri amapezeka pamsika uno:

    Kunenepa kwambiri kwa ana kumatha kukhala endocrine - ndi matenda am'mimba mwa ana achikazi, komanso matenda am'mimba a adrenal ndi / kapena chithokomiro cha chithokomiro. Njira zodziwira kunenepa kwambiri mwa ana masiku ano zimakambidwabe ndi akatswiri. Wofufuza Gayvoronskaya A.A. akuonetsa kugawa kunenepa kwambiri m'magawo anayi:

    • Ine digiri - kuchuluka kwa thupi lenileni ndi 15-24%
    • Digiri yachiwiri - kuchuluka kwa thupi lenileni ndi 25-49%
    • Digiri ya III - kuchuluka kwa thupi lenileni ndi 50-99%
    • Digiri ya IV - Kuchulukitsa kwachilengedwe wamba ndi 100% kapena kuposerapo

    Malinga ndi ziwerengero, kunenepa kwambiri mu 80% ya ana ndi gawo la I-II.

    Zomwe zimayambitsa / Kunenepa kwambiri kwa ana:

    Kunenepa kwambiri mwa ana kumatha kuyambitsidwa ndi zifukwa zingapo. Zambiri pakati pa genetics zimatenganso gawo limodzi pakukula kwake. Mu milandu 100%, tanthauzo la kunenepa kwambiri ndi kusowa kwa mphamvu, komwe kumachitika chifukwa chochepetsedwa kwa arshod ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yamagetsi.

    Ngati makolo onse ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri, ndiye kuti mwayi wawo ndi 80% kuti mwana wawo wamwamuna kapena wamkazi adzazunzidwenso. Ngati mayi yekha ndi wonenepa, mwayi wokhala mwana wofanana ndi 50%, ndipo ngati abambo okha, ndiye kuti 38%.

    Pangozi ndi ana omwe wobadwa ndi kulemera koposa 4 kg , komanso omwe ali ndi phindu pamwezi pamwambapa, omwe amadya zopanda ntchito. Kunenepa kwambiri mu makanda kumatha kuchitika chifukwa zochulukirapo zama calorie ambiri kapena kuphwanya.

    Ana ambiri aang'ono ndi ana asukulu ali onenepa ngati Chakudya chimaphwanyidwa, ndipo mwana samalandira masewera olimbitsa thupi pang'ono . Kunenepa kwambiri kumawoneka “chakudya” champhamvu kwambiri (chotseguka mosavuta), mafuta olimba (opezeka kuchokera ku "chakudya chofulumira"), madzi otupa, msuzi m'sitolo ndi tiyi wokhala ndi shuga wambiri m'zakudya. Komabe, nthawi zambiri ana onenepa samakhala ndi mapuloteni okwanira, fiber ndi madzi muzakudya.

    Chofunikira ndi kumangokhala . Kunenepa kwambiri kumawopseza iwo omwe sachita nawo masewera aliwonse, samasewera masewera olimbitsa thupi, samapita kumakalasi ophunzitsa masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena otopa nawo. Zowopsa zake: kupsinjika kwambiri m'maganizo, kumapangitsa kuti muzikhala nthawi zambiri pakompyuta kapena pakama pa TV.

    Zomwe zimapangitsa kunenepa kwambiri (kunenepa kwambiri) mwa ana zimatha kukhala zazikulu matenda :

    • Prader-Vilia syndrome
    • Down syndrome
    • Syhen's Syndrome
    • Lawrence-Moon-Beadle Syndrome
    • Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome
    • adipose-genital dystrophy
    • encephalitis
    • kuvulala kwam'mutu
    • zotupa za muubongo
    • kulowererapo kwa mitsempha

    Nthawi zina kunenepa kwambiri kumatha kuyambitsa izi zifukwa zakukhosi :

    • ngozi
    • kalasi yoyamba
    • kumwalira kwa abale
    • mwanayo anachitira umboni wakupha kapena mlandu wina

    Pathogenesis (chikuchitika ndi chiani?) Nthawi ya Kunenepa kwambiri mwa ana:

    Pathogenesis wa kunenepa kwambiri Sizitengera zomwe zimayambitsa. Zakudya zowonjezera, makamaka zopezeka ndi chakudya chamagulu ambiri, zimayambitsa hyperinsulinism. Zotsatira zake ndi hypoglycemia, yomwe imayambitsa kumva kwamwana mwa mwana.Insulin ndiye mahomoni apamwamba kwambiri a lipogenetic omwe amakhala ndi mphamvu ya anabolic ndipo amakhudza kapangidwe ka triglycerides mu minofu ya adipose.

    Kudzikundikira kwa mafuta kuposa kwachilendo kumayendera limodzi ndi kusintha kwachiwiri kwa ntchito. Kupanga kwa adrenocorticotropic timadzi kumawonjezereka, hypercorticism imawoneka, chidwi chamkati cham'mimba cham'mimba komanso chamkati cham'mimba ndikuwonetsa ma njala ndi satiety, chimasokoneza.

    Ofufuzawo amawona kunenepa kwambiri mwa ana kukhala njira yotupa yotupa. Cytokines ya adipose minofu ndikusintha kwa lipid kapangidwe ka magazi seramu, komanso kutsegula kwa lipoperoxidation njira ndikofunikira pathogeneis.

    Adipocytes minofu ya adipose imapanga ma enzymes omwe amawongolera lipoprotein, leptin komanso mafuta aulere acids. Ngati "chakudya" sichimayankhidwa ndi leptin, ndiye kuti pambuyo podya mwana samakwaniritsidwa. Kuchuluka kwa leptin kumakhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa insulin mthupi. Komanso malo okhala ndi njala amakongoletsa cholecystokinin, serotonin, norepinephrine.

    Kapangidwe ka mankhwala a thermogenesis amakwaniritsidwa, kuphatikiza mahomoni a chithokomiro, mahomoni a enteric a duodenum. Ngati thupi limakhala locheperachepera, ndiye kuti mutadya mwana amafunabe kudya. Kulakalaka kumachulukanso chifukwa cha kusokonekera kwachilendo kwa opiates am'mimba kapena neuropeptide-x.

    Zizindikiro za Kunenepa Kwambiri mwa Ana:

    Chizindikiro chachikulu cha kunenepa kwambiri mwa ana - zosanjikiza zamafuta opindika zimakula. Komanso, zizindikiro za kunenepa kwambiri zimaphatikizapo kuchedwa kukulitsa luso la magalimoto, kulephera kugwira ntchito, chizolowezi chomenyera thupi, kudzimbidwa, komanso kuchuluka kwa matenda osiyanasiyana.

    Ndi kunenepa kwambiri kwa ana Madokotala amawona kuyikika kwamafuta m'mimba, m'chiuno, m'chifuwa, kumbuyo, pachifuwa, m'manja, kumaso. Pazaka 7-16, muzochitika zotere, zizindikiro zimawoneka: kuchepa kwa kulolerako masewera olimbitsa thupi, kufupika, kuthamanga kwa magazi. Pofika zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, ¼ ana amakhala ndi metabolic syndrome, yomwe imawonetsedwa osati kunenepa kwambiri, koma chifukwa cha insulin, matenda oopsa komanso matenda osokoneza bongo. Ndi kunenepa kwambiri, mwana amathanso kuphwanya uric acid metabolism.

    Kunenepa kwambiri kwa ana Amayamba chifukwa cha matenda oyamba, mawonetseredwe amakhudzana ndi zizindikiro zake. Mwachitsanzo, akapezeka ndi matenda obadwa nawo, mwana amayamba kugwirira mutu mochedwa, kugona ndikuyenda, mano ake amaphulika mochedwa kuposa mwa ana athanzi. Acquired hypothyroidism amalembedwa mu ana mutha, ngati akukula m'thupi. Kuphatikiza kunenepa kwambiri, muzochitika zotere, odwala amalemba zizindikiro monga kufooka, kutopa, kuchepa kwa sukulu, chizolowezi chogona kugona nthawi yolakwika, khungu limakhala louma, ndipo msambo umasokonezeka mwa atsikana.

    At Cushingoid kunenepa kwambiri mwa ana (Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome) mafuta amkati amapezeka m'khosi, kumaso, pamimba, ndipo mikono ndi miyendo imatsalira. Nthawi yakutha msinkhu, atsikana amatha kukhala ndi amenorrhea.

    Ngati kunenepa kwambiri mu ana kuphatikizidwa ndi prolactinoma , kenako milomo ya mammary imachulukana, yomwe imatchedwa gynecomastia mchilankhulo cha sayansi. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito kwa anyamata. Zizindikiro ndizofanana:

    Kunenepa kwambiri kuphatikiza polycystic ovary kumapereka zizindikiro zotsatirazi (kuphatikizapo kuphatikiza kunenepa kwambiri): ziphuphu, mafuta khungu, kusamba kwa msambo, kukula kwambiri kwa tsitsi. Ndi adiposogenital dystrophy, odwala amuna amakhala ndi cryptorchidism, kunenepa kwambiri, mbolo yopanda chitukuko, chithunzithunzi chapamwamba chazogonana, komanso adenorrhea mwa odwala achikazi.

    Mavuto a Kunenepa kwambiri mu Ana

    Ndi kunenepa kwambiri, pamakhala chiwopsezo cha matenda otere:

    • hypertonic
    • atherosulinosis
    • mtundu 2 shuga
    • angina pectoris
    • aakulu cholecystitis ndi cholelithiasis
    • zotupa m'mimba
    • kudzimbidwa
    • (yomwe pambuyo pake imadzalowa mu matenda enaake)

    Popeza ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri komanso kunenepa kwambiri, nthawi zambiri ana amakhala ndi vuto lakudya monga budimia ndi anorexia, komanso mavuto agona tulo, monga matenda obanika kutulo ndi kugona.Popeza kuti mwana ali ndi zochulukitsa pamafupa ndi minofu, pali scoliosis, kusakhazikika kwa mawonekedwe, kupunduka kwa hallux valgus, arthrosis, phazi lathyathyathya. Ngati munthu ndi wonenepa kwambiri kuyambira ali mwana, ndiye kuti ali pachiwopsezo chambiri chokhala opanda mwana.

    Pakati pazotsatira zam'maganizo za kunenepa kwambiri, ndikofunikira kuwunikira mkhalidwe wonyansa ndi kukhumudwa, kudzipatula pagulu, kunyozedwa kuchokera kwa anzawo asukulu anzawo komanso abwenzi anu, machitidwe opatuka, ndi zina zambiri.

    Kuzindikira Kunenepa Kwambiri mwa Ana:

    Dotolo amatenga anamnesis, kuphatikiza kudziwa momwe mwanayo adadyetsedwira kuyambira kubadwa mpaka chaka chimodzi, makamaka zakudya za mwana lero, ndikufotokozeranso kuchuluka kwa zolimbitsa thupi. Kuunika koyenera kumaphatikiza ma anthropometry pazizindikiro zotere:

    • chozungulira
    • kulemera kwa thupi
    • kulemera kwamthupi
    • m'chiuno

    Pali matebulo apadera a centile omwe deta imayerekezedwa. Kutengera ndi iwo, mutha kudziwa ngati mwana wonenepa kwambiri kapena wonenepa kwambiri. Pa mayeso ochulukirapo, muyeso wa makulidwe a pakhungu ungagwiritsidwe ntchito, komanso njira yotsutsana ndi bioelectric (kudziwa kuchuluka kwa minofu ya adipose m'thupi la mwana).

    Kuti mupeze etiology ya kunenepa kwambiri, kufunsana ndi akatswiri monga dotolo wa ana, endocrinologist, geneticist, ndi gastroenterologist. Madotolo atha kukuyeserani magazi:

    • kuyeserera kwa glucose
    • shuga
    • lipoproteins
    • uric acid
    • triglycerides
    • mapuloteni
    • kuyesa kwa chiwindi

    Zofunikanso ndizofunikira maphunziro a mahomoni:

    • prolactin
    • insulin
    • T4 St.
    • magazi a cortisol ndi mkodzo

    Njira zowonjezera zakufufuzira (zimangofunika nthawi zina):

    • Kupenda kwa Ultrasound kwa chithokomiro
    • MRI yachilengedwe
    • Electroencephalography

    Momwe mungadziwire: diagnostics

    Yankho la funso "momwe tingamvetsetsere kuti mwana ndi wonenepa / wonenepa kwambiri" ndilosavuta - samayang'ana kuchokera mu lingaliro la "bagel wanga amakhala bwino nthawi zonse", koma mwakuwonetsetsa, mopepuka.

    Pakatha zaka ziwiri, palibe mwana amene ayenera kukhala ndi mafuta okumbikakumbika, makamaka pamimba. Ngati angathe kuwona nthiti zomwe zimawerengedwa, palibe chifukwa chodera nkhawa. Kuyambira wazaka pafupifupi zisanu ndi chimodzi, mikono ndi miyendo (miyendo) zimachepa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kulemera kumagawidwa kwa thupi.

    Chifukwa chake, ngati mwana wanu wazaka zisanu ndi ziwiri ali ndi mikono ndi miyendo yotupa kwambiri, ayenera kuti ndi wonenepa kwambiri.

    Kodi mumagulira bwanji mwana zovala? Kodi mugule chinthu kwa zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu, chifukwa chiuno chikuwonjezeka, ndipo manja ake amakhala olimba kwambiri? Chiuno ndichizindikiro chofunikira kwambiri, popeza ana ataliatali amayenera kugula zovala zaukalamba chifukwa cha kukula, ndipo m'chiuno nthawi zonse kumayenera kuwombedwa kuti zovala zizikhala bwino.

    Zachidziwikire, uwu si malingaliro oyenera, popeza ana ena ndi okulirapo, komabe ali ndi "nthito" zabwinobwino zomwe zili zoyenera zaka, koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa. Ndikofunikanso kufunsa anzanu angapo zomwe akuganiza, koma yesani kupanga funsolo kuti ayankhe moona mtima.

    Koma madokotala a ana amagwiritsa ntchito tebulo lapadera la izi, chifukwa chake mudzazindikira kuchuluka kwa mwana wazaka zina komanso kutalika komwe amayenera kulemera. Izi ndizizindikiro pakati pa kulemera ndi kutalika kwa anyamata, ndipo kulemera kwa atsikana kumatha kusiyanasiyana kuchokera kumalire otsika ndi ma kilogalamu 0.5-1, ndikukula ndi 1.5-2 masentimita poyang'ana kuchepa.

    Kulemera kumawoneka kuti ndi wonenepa kwambiri mwa mwana, ngati ndi 5-10% kuposa kuposa masiku onse, ngati amapitilira 20%, ndiye kuti amayamba kunenepa.


    Kulemera kwa ana mpaka chaka chimodzi Miyezo yamkati ya atsikana kuyambira 0 mpaka 10 Miyezo yayikulu kwa anyamata kuyambira 0 mpaka 17

    Ngati muli onenepa kale

    Choyamba Nthawi yomweyo kuyamwitsa mwana wanu kuchokera ku chakudya chokoma ndi chofulumira.

    Zakudya izi zimapanga chizolowezi cholimba cha dopamine (onani "Dopamine chilolezo: momwe mungachepetse chilakolako cha chakudya, ndudu, mowa. Kuzunza Kwambiri), zomwe mwana, chifukwa cha msinkhu wake, sangathe kuthana nazo!

    Mvetsetsani kuti si mwana m'modzi yekha yemwe ali ndi cholinga chofuna kunenepa komanso kuti asadye kwambiri mwamafuta, samadziwa kudziletsa. Muyenera kuti mukhale wolamulira.

    Onetsetsani kuti mwachezera madotolo otsatirawa: Dokotala wa ana (othandizira), a endocrinologist wa ana, gastroenterologist, neurologist, mwina wamisala. Kafukufuku wowonjezera akuchitika: kuyesa kwa magazi a biochemical, maphunziro a mahomoni, ndi zina zambiri.

    Kuchiza kuyenera kuchitika pambuyo popita kuchipatala, pakulimbikitsidwa ndi katswiri ndikuyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala. Mankhwala othandizira pakudya ayeneranso kuchitika moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala wa ana kapena wowonjezera zakudya.

    Ndikofunikira kuphunzitsira mwana chidwi cha masewera.

    Makolo ambiri amasankha ana awo masewera. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zolakwika. Ingoganizirani kuti mwana amalota kudzakhala katswiri wa masewera a Olimpiki, ndipo amatumizidwa kukasambira, kapena mtsikana amene amalota masewera ojambulira amalembedwa mu masewera othamanga. Ndikwabwino kuti mumupatse njira zingapo, pomwe angasankhe zomwe amakonda.

    Maziko abwino a masewera aliwonse adzakhalapo kusambira, makamaka ngati mukunenepa kwambiri kapena kunenepa kwambiri. Yambani kutenga nthawi yayitali, yolumikizana, yambani kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi m'mawa. Chinsinsi: pamodzi.

    Ndipo onetsetsani kuti mwakumbukira izi kukuwa ndi kulanga sizoyambitsa. Muyenera kulimbikitsa mwana wanu modekha komanso mwaluso kuti apite patsogolo kukwaniritsa zolinga zawo.

    Ndipo koposa zonse: muyenera kusintha nokha.

    Mwana amatengera chilichonse kuchokera kwa makolo, ngakhale atakhala osavomereza. Ngati akuluakulu amadya mopitirira muyeso, pamenepo, amazolowera mwana izi. Kutsatsa kwazidziwitso, kunyengetsa chiwalo chokulirapo ndi maswiti osiyanasiyana akunja, kumathandizanso. Zonsezi zimayamba ndi zakumwa za shuga, makeke, chokoleti, chokoleti ndi maswiti.

    M'mabanja ena, pazifukwa zina, pamakhala malingaliro akuti shuga ndiofunika kuti ubongo ugwire ntchito. Izi zili choncho, koma shuga samangokhala chokoleti chokha, ndi njere ndi zipatso! Werengani "Chakudya chosasinthika cha IIFM: ndi zakudya ziti zomwe ndizabwino kwambiri kuti muchepetse thupi?".

    Koma simukufuna juisi kunyumba! Onsewa alembedwa "100% zachilengedwe", komanso multivitamin. Zachidziwikire, makolo amaganiza, timadziti timathandiza kwambiri kuposa koloko. Koma kuti shuga m'madzimadzawa ali ndi theka lagalasi pachikwama chilichonse, ndikuti imalowa mwachangu kwambiri chifukwa chakuti imasungunuka m'madzi, palibe amene amaganiza.

    Kodi mudayamba mwadzifunsapo - chifukwa chiyani madzi amtundu wa lalanje, atayimilira, amaphatikizidwa magawo, ndipo msuzi kuchokera muchikwama ndi wofanana?

    Kafukufuku waposachedwa ku United States adawonetsa izo Ana omwe amamwa magalasi oposa 2 a mandimu patsiku, amakula pang'onopang'ono komanso kunenepa kwambiri. Izi sizinawonedwe ngati akwaniritsa ludzu lawo ndi madzi kapena mkaka. Kuchuluka kwa shuga wambiri m'magazi kungayambitse kunenepa kwambiri komanso chiwopsezo chokhala ndi matenda a shuga a 2.

    Muyenera kusiya mayesero onse ndikupita njira iyi ndi banja lonse! Chifukwa chake, simusamalira thanzi la mwana, komanso (ndizofunikanso) kusunga zamaganizidwe.

    Mwana asakhale yekhayekha pamavuto ake. Palibenso chifukwa chodzudzulira aliyense, konzekerani mantha, ndi zina zambiri chifukwa chake musayerekeze kumuimba mlandu mwana kapena kum'patsa dzina! Kufufuza kolakwa sikupangitsa chilichonse. Palibenso chifukwa chodzudzula mwana wakhandayo ndi zakudya zopanda thanzi, agogo anu, ndi ma pie kapena inu.

    Chofunikira kwambiri munthawiyi ndikuzindikira zovuta komanso zomwe zimayambitsa ndikulimbana limodzi popanda chipongwe.

    Chinyengo chaching'ono

    Gulani chakudya chodyera mwana wanu, chocheperako kuposa chanu. Mbale yaying'ono, ngakhale gawo locheperako lingamvekere kokwanira, ndipo supuni yaying'ono imayenera kukoletsa chakudya chambiri mundawo nthawi zambiri. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha mayendedwe chithandizira kunyenga thupi, ndipo kumva kukhala kwathunthu kudzadza posachedwa.

    Chifukwa cha izi, ndikofunikira kukonza phokoso kwa mwana ndi chakudya. Ndi bwino kuzimitsa TV, wailesi, osachita nawo zokambirana. Ndipo ndibwino kungokhala chete panthawiyi. Izi zimamupangitsa kuti aziganizira kwambiri za chakudya komanso zomverera zake.

    Kupewa mavuto

    Yankho lake ndilophweka: dzidziyang'anireni nokha. Khalani banja losangalala lomwe lili ndi zizolowezi zabwino. M'banja lotere, ndichizolowezi kuphika chakudya chokoma ndi chokonzedwa bwino nthawi zonse, kutsatira malamulo oyambira.

    M'banja lotere, amapita kukasewera ndikuyesera kukhazikitsa chikondi cha kayendedwe ka mwana. Banja lotere silimapita kwa McDonald masiku onse awiri.

    Palibenso chifukwa chodyetsera ana, makamaka ang'ono, ndi chakudya chomwe amakonda.

    Kodi mwana wanu amadya hamburger ndi cola kenako amagwera pamimba ndi wodulidwa m'mimba mwake? Zachidziwikire, a McDonald ndi omwe akuyenera kulakwa, pali chemistry imodzi imodzi! * Sarcasm * "Tidalibe izi kale!" Aka ndi koyamba kuchita izi! ”

    Zakudya zoterezi sizoyenera mwana, makina ake sagwira ntchito chimodzimodzi ngati anu. Ganizirani zomwe mumapatsa ana. Mvetsetsani kuti muyenera kukhala ndi udindo pazomwe mumachita.. Ndipo nthawi zambiri, ngati mwana wanu wadwala atapita ku cafe, ganizirani ngati mukuchita zonse bwino.

    Madandaulo a makolowo amangodabwitsika: "Mwana wanga amakonda kwambiri ma cookie / chokoleti / cola, ndichitenji?" Pepani, koma mwana wanu amadziwa bwanji kukoma kwa chakudya chotere? Kodi mungaphunzitse bwanji ana aang'ono kudya zakudya zotere kuyambira ali ana?

    Inde, ndizosavuta kudyetsa mwana ndi zamkhutu izi kuposa nyama yokhala ndi masamba. Koma ana sangaimbidwe mlandu chifukwa cha “zosokoneza” zawo: ndi kuti ubongo “umawakankhira” kufuna chakudya chotere, chifukwa ndiye chofunikira kwambiri kugaya. Zafika poti ana amakono ali okonzeka kusinthanitsa zipatso zilizonse zatsopano kuti azitsata chingamu!

    Osapanga chisokonezo m'mutu mwanu, khalani osasunthika.

    Mwana samvetsetsa chifukwa chake tsiku lina lokoma ndi lovulaza, ndipo linalo nlothandiza. Ndiwe wopanda pake chifukwa cha iye (moyenera), kodi mwana angaganize kuti amayi ndi abambo amupatsa china chake choyipa? Ndipo musadye zakudya zomwe mumazisala mokweza.

    Simufunikira izi "Abambo / Amayi / Agogo akuchita zoipa, musachite izi!" Ana anu azidzakutsatani nthawi zonse. Chinyengo chotere chimapezeka nthawi zonse: azimayi amadutsa msewu wopita ku kuwala kofiyira, kenako kumakalipira ana omwe amatero. Makina awo amasuta, koma amawombera lamba, atazindikira kuti mwana wawo wasuta ndudu.

    Mutha kudziwa momwe mungakondere kuti mudye athanzi komanso athanzi, koma ngati ana anu amakonda Soseji ya Moscow, amaponya chisokonezo kuti safuna kudya masamba, amafuna sangweji kapena kuti "tikukonzekera saladi ndi mayonesi ndi agogo anga", ndiye anu mabodza amawonekera muulemerero wake wonse. Ngati mumwa mowa ndi tchipisi, ana anu nawonso azichita.

    Ndipo manambala oti "Ndimadya mwachangu, ndipo mumadya zakudya zanu zabwino kwambiri" - sizigwira ntchito!

    Osamadzudzula kapena kuzunza mwana.

    M'mibadwo yotere, nthawi zambiri ana amakhala m'malo mwa chakudya. Mu izi, machitidwe a kudya amapatsidwa ntchito yowonjezera - kupulumutsidwa ndi kutetezedwa ku zokumana nazo zoipa ndi kupweteka kwakuthupi. Ndipo kale atakula, munthu yemwe wapatsidwa katemera njira yabwino yotere yochepetsera kupsinjika kuyambira paubwana, mopweteketsa mtima, amayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mavuto.

    Sonyezani chikondi chanu posadya.

    Kulakalaka kudyetsa mwana (makamaka chokoma) nthawi zambiri kumalumikizana ndi kufuna kumuwonetsa chikondi. Pankhani ya matenda - ndi chidwi chofuna kuthandizira, pomwe sizingakhale zambiri kwa inu, koma muyenera kuchita zina.

    Bwino kumukumbatira, kumpsompsona, kuyankhula ndi iye, kuwonera ma katuni, kuwerenga mabuku pabedi ndikugona limodzi. Pankhaniyi, adzakhala wokondwa, ndikhulupirireni, komanso wopanda maswiti. Osamuponya, monga mphaka, chokoleti, zodabwitsa za Kinder ndi zina, musanene kuti "Mukufunika mphamvu, idyani zambiri!". Amakhala ndi mphamvu, komanso zilipo, koma chikhalidwe chamadyedwe sichikadalipo.

    Kumbukirani kuti ngati mwana saona chilichonse chatsopano m'zakudya, izi ndizobadwa, chifukwa anali asanakumaneko nazo kale - chifukwa chake, ana amateteza ku ngozi zomwe zingachitike. Amawona koyamba ka broccoli koyamba m'moyo wake, ndipo amaponya kale kamunthu kosamveka kamkamwa kameneka, kuwonjezera apo amakuwa!

    Onetsetsani kuti mukumuwonetsa kuti amayi ndi abambo amadyanso zomwe amapereka. Izi zimapangika pang'onopang'ono kukhala ndi malingaliro abwino ndikudalira njira yazakudya zomwe makolo amapereka.

    Phunzitsani ana za zabwino ndi malamulo azakudya zabwino komanso masewera..

    Chifukwa cha magazini komanso njira za kukongola kwamakono, ndizovuta kwa achinyamata onse tsopano. Awonetseni masamba oyenera ndi zofalitsa, apo ayi zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti athe kutsegula mavuto mtsogolo.

    Ndipo onetsetsani kuti mwayang'ana abale.

    Agogo anu achifundo, omwe ana amakhala nthawi yayitali, ndipo saganiza zowaletsa chilichonse. Zotsatira zake, m'malo mwa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, ana a zaka pafupifupi ziwiri akhala akudya maswiti pamasaya onse. Inde, ndizovuta kwambiri kukopa munthu wachikulire yemwe wapulumuka kunkhondo, koma zonse ndizotheka ngati mumasamala mwana wanu.

    Ndipo ngati bonasi, tikukupatsani chisankho chosangalatsa:

    Malangizo abambo anzeru: Zitsanzo 10 za momwe mungachitire ndi zomwe mwana akuchita

    Wopanga Nikita Ivanov adalankhula za malamulowo omwe amamuthandiza kulera ana awiri.

    1. Malangizo ayenera kukhudzana ndi chitetezo cha ena. Azipanga momveka bwino komanso mosavuta. Ndi china chilichonse, lolani kuti mwana ayesere momasuka.
    2. Zilango zimadziwika pasadakhale, mosathawika komanso kuwonetseratu. Unansi wopanda vuto umamasula mavuto a ana ndi makolo. Kufuula kwa makolo ndi nkhope zowopsa ndi zizindikiro zomwe munthu wamkulu ayenera kuthamangira kwa odwala matenda amisala.
    3. Amayi ndi abambo amakhala limodzi nthawi zonse. Amayi akalangidwa, bambo sangathetse chilangocho. Izi sizitanthauza kuti makolo samakonda mwana. Ili ndi chilango chokhachokha chifukwa cha zoyipa.
    4. Kukhala wachikulire ndi mwayi watsopano, osati udindo watsopano. Osamauza mwana wachikulire kuti ndi wamkulu ndipo chifukwa chake ali ndi ngongole. Izi zimawononga ubwana wake komanso ubale ndi abale ndi alongo achichepere. Samakhala ndi ngongole iliyonse, chifukwa sanabadwe mwa iye yekha.
    5. Ana ndi kalirole makolo. Mwana akakhala wakhama komanso wosakhazikika bwino, amakhala wodekha komanso wosasinthasintha. Ana amatengera achikulire, yang'anani chitsanzo mwa iwo pamakhalidwe ndi kutsanzira.

  • Simungawope ana. Mwambiri, palibe chilichonse. Kuyiwala nkhani za momwe mayi adzagwera chikondi, wapolisi amatenga, woyandikana abwera kudzatinyoza. Imapweteketsa ana.
  • Osayerekeza ana. Ngati mukufuna ana kukhala osangalala, osati masukulu apamwamba, ndiye kuti safunikira zamkhutu zonsezi. Kukhala wofanana ndi ena kumaphwanya malingaliro a anthu ndi kudzidalira. Lamba wakuda ndi pomwe simukufuna kunena kuti: "Ndiwe wabwino kwambiri!" Chifukwa "zabwino" ndizofanizira, inde :—)
  • Sankhani komanso phunzirani kumvera zikhumbo zanu. Akuluakulu okayikira komanso osasangalala amakula kuchokera kwa ana, kwa iye zomwe zonse zimasankhidwa ali mwana ndipo sanawafunse zomwe amafuna. Mutha kusankha pafupifupi chilichonse: phala, zoseweretsa, zojambula, zovala, mapulani a sabata.
  • "Chitani izi" sizikugwira ntchito. Zitsanzo zanga - pang'onopang'ono zimayamba kugwira ntchito. Lolani mwana kuti adzozedwe ndi zomwe mumachita komanso zomwe mukuchita, ndipo musachite zinazake mwamphamvu.
  • Chikondi sichinthu chogwirizana. Makolo amakonda mwana osati kuchita bwino kapena kuchita bwino. Amangomukonda, popanda zikhalidwe.

    Mawonekedwe azaka

    Chifukwa chakuti minofu ya adipose m'thupi imapangidwa mosiyanasiyana, magawo a kunenepa kwambiri kwaana omwe amakhudzana ndi zochitika zokhudzana ndi zaka zimasiyanitsidwa:

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    • mwa ana osakwana chaka chimodzi, amapanga zida zoyambirira za adipose ndipo kunenepa kwambiri sikupezeka,
    • Zaka 1-3 - nthawi yovuta pamene makolo ndi abale amwetsa mwana ndi maswiti - iyi ndi gawo loyamba pamene zizindikiro za matendawa zitha kuoneka.
    • Zaka 3-5 - kukula kwamafuta kumakhazikika, zovuta zamafuta sizimawonedwa kawirikawiri,
    • Zaka 5-7 - gawo lachiwiri lovuta, lomwe limadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mafuta m'thupi,
    • Wazaka 8-9 - ana asukulu zasekondale samakonda kukhala ndi mavuto olemela, chifukwa moyo wakhama, maphunziro olimbitsa thupi, ndi maphunziro zimawalola kugwiritsa ntchito zopatsa mphamvu zokwanira,
    • Zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi ndi gawo lokhazikika, koma apa ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti makolo azikonzekeretsa wachinyamata kuti adzathe kutha msinkhu komanso kum'phunzitsa kudya moyenera.
    • Zaka 12 mpaka 13 - ndi mu nthawi imeneyi pomwe kusintha kwakukuru kwa mahomoni kumachitika m'thupi la achinyamata chifukwa cha kutha, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zolimbikitsa kwa mapaundi owonjezera.

    Kudziwa nthawi yovuta kwambiri m'moyo wa mwana, makolo amatha kuzindikira kwambiri vuto la kuchuluka kwambiri pazinthu izi. Izi zikuthandizani kuti mukonze zonse mu magawo oyamba, pomwe matendawa sanayambebe.

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    Gulu

    Madokotala ali ndi magulu opitilira muyeso a kunenepa kwambiri kwaubwana: ndi etiology, zotulukapo, madigiri, etc. Kuletsa makolo kuti asayendemo mkati mwawo, ndikokwanira kukhala ndi chidziwitso chochepa.

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    Choyamba, matendawa akhoza kukhala:

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    • chachikulu - chifukwa cha kubadwa kwa makolo komanso kubadwa kwa matenda,
    • sekondale - yotengedwa chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

    Kachiwiri, pali tebulo lapadera lomwe lingathandize kudziwa kunenepa kwambiri mwa mwana ndi index ya thupi (BMI), yomwe imawerengedwa ndi formula:

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    I (BMI) = M (kulemera kwama kilogalamu) / H 2 (kutalika kwamamita).

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    • Ine digiri

    Kunenepa kwambiri mwa mwana sikuyambitsa nkhawa kwa makolo. Amasangalalanso ndi kudya kwake kodabwitsa komanso masaya odzala bwino. Kuzindikira kwa ana sikamatengedwa mozama, nthawi zonse kumakopa thanzi labwino la mwana wawo. M'malo mwake, kunenepa kwambiri kwa digiri yoyamba kumachiritsidwa mosavuta ndikusewera masewera komanso zakudya zoyenera. Koma chifukwa cha machitidwe achikulire otere, izi ndizosowa kwambiri.

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    • Digiri yachiwiri

    Matendawa amapita pang'onopang'ono, omwe amatsogolera kunenepa kwambiri kwa madigiri a 2. Pakadali pano, kupuma movutikira komanso thukuta kwambiri. Ana samayenda kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala mumkhalidwe woipa. Mavuto amayamba ndi maphunziro akuthupi kusukulu komanso kuzolowera kucheza mkalasi.

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    • Digiri ya III

    Pakadali pano, matendawa akuwonekera kale, chifukwa chake ndizovuta kuti tisazindikire. Mafupa a miyendo amayamba kupweteka, kuthamanga kwa magazi kukwera, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumasintha. Mwana amakhala wopanda nkhawa, wosakwiya, komanso wokhumudwa.

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    Chifukwa chake, makolo enieniwo amatha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa kunenepa kwambiri kunyumba. Izi zikuthandizani kuti mupeze thandizo la mankhwala munthawi yake.

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    Norm ndi matenda

    Kuphatikiza pa madigiri, kulemera kowonjezera kudzawululidwa ndi tebulo pofika zaka, komwe, malinga ndi WHO, zofunikira zamagulu am'mimba zimasonkhanitsidwa. Kwa anyamata ndi atsikana, magawo azikhala osiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, amafunikabe kusintha malinga ndi kukula.

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    Kulemera kwa atsikana azaka 1 mpaka 17, kutengera WHO

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    Kulemera kwa anyamata azaka 1 mpaka 17, kutengera WHO

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    Ngati mwana ndi wamtali kwambiri, amaloledwa kuwonjezera pang'ono magawo omwe aperekedwa patebulopo.

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    Makolo ndi mwana payekha adzadutsa Sukulu Yonenepa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake madotolo amatcha njira zingapo zowongolera kachitidwe ka kudya ndi zolimbitsa thupi zokwanira. Maphunziro olimbikitsawa amaonedwa ngati maziko a chithandizo. Ndipamene malingaliro othandizira azachipatala amafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane.

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    Choyamba, mu kunenepa kwambiri kwaubwana, chithandizo cha mankhwala chimayikidwa, chojambulidwa molingana ndi tebulo la Pevzner No. 8. Popanda icho, ndizosatheka kuchiza matenda.

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    Zakudya zapadera za ana onenepa kwambiri malinga ndi Pevzner amalimbikitsa kuphatikizapo zakudya zotsatirazi muzakudya zake zochuluka motere:

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    • buledi (coarse kapena chinangwa) - mpaka 170 gr patsiku,
    • zopangidwa mkaka mpaka 1.5% mafuta - 200 g,
    • supu (mbatata ochepera) - 220 g,
    • nkhuku, nkhuku, nyama ndi nsomba - 180 gr,
    • mapira, balewheat ndi phala la barele - 200 gr,
    • masamba opanda zipatso ophika m'njira iliyonse
    • Zipatso zosatsimikizika - 400 g,
    • tiyi, uzvar, timadzi tokonzedwa tatsopano - munthawi iliyonse.

    Zosankha zazitsanzo za kunenepa kwambiri 2 madigiri

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    Mu digiri yoyamba, chakudyacho chimatha kukhala chosiyanasiyana ndi uchi, mafuta a mkaka, mafuta okoma, zakudya yokazinga. Pa madigiri atatu, mafuta a masamba ndi kukhudzidwa kulikonse mu chakudya kumachotsedwa.

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    Malangizo azakudya zonse:

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    • kutumiza kukula
    • magawo a mphamvu 5
    • chakudya chamadzulo - maola atatu asanagone,
    • kumwa kwambiri madzi wamba,
    • kusiyanitsidwa kwathunthu ndi chakudya chofulumira, tchipisi, zokhwasula-khwasula, koloko.

    Zakudya za ana:

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    • tchizi tchizi ndi mchere
    • kachikumbu ndi karoti casserole,
    • maswiti owuma zipatso
    • msuzi wa lazball waulesi
    • nyama zokondweretsa
    • cheesecakes
    • zodula nkhuku mumphika wowaza ndi ena.

    Maphikidwe

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    • Meatballs Amakhala

    150 magalamu a nyama yopendekera yotsukidwa kwa tendons ndi filimu, falitsani maulendo 2-3 kudzera chopukusira nyama. Wiritsani supuni ya mpunga, ozizira, chipwirikiti mu minced nyama. Komanso, kudumpha kudzera mu chopukusira nyama, kuwonjezera theka la dzira lowiritsa ndi magalamu 5 a batala. Amenya misa yonse ndi blender. Pereka nyama yaying'ono, ndikuyiyika mu poto yoyenera mafuta, kuthira madzi ozizira, wiritsani kwa mphindi 10.

    Kutha 2 kaloti ang'onoang'ono ndi 2 mapesi a udzu winawake. Dulani anyezi. Sakanizani masamba osankhidwa, onjezani 100 g nyemba zoyera, odulidwa m'magawo anayi a tomato. Thirani 500 ml wa masamba kapena msuzi wa nkhuku. Kuphika pambuyo kuwira kwa theka la ola. Nyengo yolawa ndi mchere wamchere. Onjezani zonona pang'ono zonona musanatumikire.

    Pukuta nthochi 1 yayikulu komanso ochepa maimondi mu blender. Sakanizani ndi kaloti grated. Onjezani 200 g wa oatmeal, 10 ml ya uchi, 20 ml ya mandimu. Dzazani mafumbawo ndi unyinji womwe unayambira, ikani mufiriji. Pambuyo pa maola awiri, asuntseni ku firiji kwa ola limodzi. Tumikirani tiyi.

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    Zochita zolimbitsa thupi

    Chithandizo cha kunenepa kwambiri mwa ana sichokwanira popanda kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi okwanira. Akupangira izi:

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    • zolimbitsa thupi tsiku limodzi osachepera ola limodzi (ngati ndizowonjezeranso)
    • Zambiri mwazinthuzi zimapangidwa bwino ku aerobics,
    • masewera
    • mpikisano
    • maulendo
    • Zochita zaumoyo
    • osiyanasiyana masewera olimbitsa thupi.

    Mankhwala

    Chifukwa chazaka zakubadwa zokhudzana ndi mankhwala ambiri, mankhwalawa amayamba kuchepa.

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    Nthawi zina, malinga ndi umboni wa akatswiri, mankhwalawa amatha kuperekedwa kwa mwana:

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    • Orlistat - kuloledwa kuyambira azaka 12, amathandizira kuti mafuta amidwe m'matumbo aang'ono,
    • Metformin - adapangidwa kuyambira azaka 10 ndi mtundu II matenda a shuga.

    Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala monga Octreotide, Leptin, Sibutramine, kukula kwa mahomoni kumangokhala ndi maphunziro azachipatala komanso maphunziro asayansi ndipo sikulimbikitsidwa pochiza kunenepa kwambiri kwa ana.

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    Malinga ndi kafukufuku, zakudya, masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo sizothandiza kwambiri. Motere, m'maiko ena, kunenepa kwambiri kwaana kumathandizidwa ndi njira zopangira opaleshoni. Komabe, mayesero azachipatala awonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito ma bariatrics kwa ana ndi achinyamata (poyerekeza ndi achikulire) kumayendetsedwa ndi zovuta zambiri za postoperative, kutsata pang'ono, komanso kubwereranso pafupipafupi pakulemera. Ku Russian Federation, ntchito ngati izi pochotsa kunenepa kwambiri mwa anthu omwe ali ndi zaka 18 ndizoletsedwa.

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    WHO imagwira ntchito pakupeza kunenepa kwambiri kwa kuubwana

    Pa 42006, bungwe la WHO Standard Indicators for Development la Mwana lidatulutsidwa, lomwe limafotokoza momwe ana osakwana zaka 5 amapezeka kuti ndi onenepa kapena onenepa kwambiri.Ndipo kwa ana azaka 5, komanso achinyamata, World Health Organisation yatulutsa "Reference Data on Development," yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi National Center for Health Statistics.

    Chithandizo cha Kunenepa Kwambiri mu Ana:

    Gawo loyamba loti muchepetse kunenepa kwambiri ndikuwunika machitidwe omwe amadya komanso kudya osati mwana yekha, komanso banja lake. Popanda kusiya kudya zakudya zamafuta (maswiti), ndizosatheka kapena kosatheka kuti muchepetse thupi, koma osati kwambiri. Zimakhala zovuta kwa ana kusiya chizolowezi chamadyachi, chifukwa chotsatira kudya zakudya zawo kumatha kukhala kovuta. Ndikofunikira kukhomereza mwa mwana ndi omwe akukhala nawo, zizolowezi zaumoyo wabwino - moyo wathanzi.

    Koyambira kukonzanso mphamvu

    • Choyamba, muyenera kuchepetsa kukula kwa gawo - chakudya chomwe mwana amadya nthawi 1.
    • Sinthani zakumwa za sitolo zotsekemera ndi madzi (madzi amchere opanda gasi kapena tap, osasefa).
    • Chakudyacho chimaphatikizapo zipatso ndipo: nthochi, maapulo, sitiroberi, malalanje, mabulosi akuda, mavwende, mavwende, raspberries, ndi zina.
    • Zakudya zomanga thupi kwambiri ziyenera kukhala zamafuta ochepa. Ndikofunikira kupatula nkhumba, muzikonda nkhuku. Nsomba zamafuta ochepa ndizolandilanso.
    • Phatikizaninso masamba komanso masamba ambiri azakudya zanu momwe mungathere, zomwe zimachepetsa njala komanso kupewa kudzimbidwa.
    • Zakudya zamafashoni ziyenera kupewedwa, makamaka zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito chinthu chimodzi chokha (zakudya zamkati: chivwende, buckwheat, etc.).
    • Ndikofunikira kuyambitsa lingaliro la "kuphwanya maulamuliro" - mwana akamadya china chake chosakonzekera, choyipa. Pazophwanya izi sikuyenera kukalipira mwana. Ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa chilango chofunikira: khalani pansi kangapo ka 20 kapena sinthanitsani katatu. Komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi oyenera "njinga", kukankha, kuthamanga, kuzungulira torsion, etc.

    Pangani moyo wa mwana wanu. Itha kulembedwa m'magulu amasewera, ingopatsa mwana wanu ufulu wosankha pawokha. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kupita naye kumalo owonetsera masewera, kuti muwonetse mitundu yanji ya masewera kuti athe kusankha. Ntchito yosangalatsa (komanso yothandiza) ikhale, mwachitsanzo ,. Masewera olimbitsa thupi ayenera kukhala okhazikika.

    Nthawi zina, kunenepa kwambiri kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha matenda a hypothalamic-pituitary, mwana akapezeka ndi mahomoni, bulimia, ndi zina. Kenako mwanayo amakhala ndi vuto logona usiku, kudya kwambiri, tsiku lonse, kupsinjika kwa pinki m'chiuno, mapewa, m'mimba, Hyperpigmentation ya nsonga, khosi, ndi zina. Mankhwalawa pakachitika izi:

    • Zakudya zochepa zopatsa mphamvu
    • Zakudya 6 pa tsiku (kwaposachedwa)
    • bungwe la masiku osala kudya (masamba, mapuloteni)
    • mwatsatanetsatane achire zolimbitsa thupi
    • magalimoto oyenda
    • kutikita minofu
    • physiotherapy

    Kunenepa kwambiri mwa ana kumathandizidwa. mu sanatorium , pokhapokha ngati adavomerezedwa ndi adokotala. Kupumulanso m'malo opumirako a nyanja ndikofunikira, chifukwa ma metabolic a metabolism m'thupi amatulutsa msanga mothandizidwa ndi mpweya wabwino wam'nyanja.

    Ngati mwana akudya kwambiri kuposa masiku onse, ndiye kuti adokotala angakupatseni mankhwala othandizira, a anorexigenic ndi a chithokomiro.

    Zithandizo zapakhomo zochizira ana owonjezera:

    • antimonium crudum
    • tsimitsifuga
    • lycopodium
    • helidonum
    • Hepel
    • Ankalumikiza cosmoplex S
    • Testis compositum
    • Chithokomiro cha Chithokomiro
    • Aquarium Compositum (ya atsikana)

    Chithandizo cha mankhwala ziyenera kutsatiridwa ndi kuyan'aniridwa kwa endocrinologist. Nthawi zina pamakhala kufunika kosintha njira zochizira - mwachitsanzo, ngati kunenepa kwambiri ndi zovuta zake zakupha posachedwa. Gawo la opaleshoni yomwe imagwira kunenepa imatchedwa bariatria .

    Chifukwa chiyani simutha kufa ndi njala?

    Ndi kuchepa thupi, malinga ndi akatswiri, kulemera kwa thupi kuyenera kutsika ndi 500-800 g pa sabata. Koma Zizindikirozi zimatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi msinkhu wa mwana, kulemera kwake komanso zizindikiro zaumoyo.Nthawi zina dokotala amatha kupangira zakudya za mwana wonenepa zomwe zimakuthandizani kuti muchepetse 1.5 makilogalamu owonjezera mu sabata limodzi. Koma zakudya zotere ziyenera kuchitika moyang'aniridwa ndi achipatala.

    Zakudya zomwe zimataya zambiri kuposa zomwe zatchulidwazi munthawi yochepa zimatha kukhala zovulaza thanzi, komanso kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, pambuyo pazakudya zotere, kulemera kumatha kubwerera mwachangu, popeza njira zodzisungira zokha zimakhazikitsidwa m'thupi (thupi limaganiza kuti njala yabwera, kenako imayesa kulemera posunga).

    Pakusala kudya, kuchepa kwa mphamvu mthupi kumalipidwa ndi glucose. Pakapanda glucose wina m'magazi, kuwonongeka kwa malo ogulitsa glucose momwe glycogen amayamba. Thupi limakwanira maola 24 osala kudya. Kenako mapuloteniwo amayamba kusweka, ndipo, monga mukudziwa, thupi lathu limapangidwa makamaka ndi mapuloteni - kuphatikiza minofu ya mtima. Ndipo kuwonongeka kwamafuta kumayamba pokhapokha.

    Mwana akakhala ndi njala kapena kudya mosayenera, thupi limasowa zinthu zofunika kukhala ndi mavitamini. Izi zimabweretsa kuti metabolism imachepetsa, chifukwa kulemera "ndikofunikira", koma sikuchepetsedwa. Ngati kulemera kumachepera kwambiri, kusintha kwa thupi kulibe nthawi yotembenukira. Chifukwa pali kufooka minofu, zotupa khungu, kusokoneza chimbudzi.

    Zolemba Pazakudya Zopatsa Thanzi ndi Mphamvu kwa Ana Ozizira

    Mutha kumvetsetsa zomwe zimayambitsa mwana wonenepa kwambiri ngati mumangokhala ndi ndandanda yapadera yazakudya sabata imodzi. Imalemba zonse zomwe zidadyedwa masana - panthawi yayikulu zakudya komanso zokhwasula-khwasula. Kukhala kofunikira kuwerengera zama calorie ndikupanga kuwerengera mapuloteni, mafuta, chakudya. Mu diary yomweyo, mutha kuwerengera zopatsa mphamvu. Ngati mumamwa, malinga ndi zomwe mumaganizira, umaposa kumwa, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa kunenepa kwambiri mwa ana ndikomveka - kudya kwambiri.

    Mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kuyamwa kwa mafuta ndi chakudya chamafuta

    Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga momwe dokotala amafotokozera kunenepa kwambiri kwa ana, pofuna kuchepetsa kuyamwa kwamafuta ndi chakudya. Chifukwa chake, ndizotheka kuchepetsa mphamvu zamafuta omwe amadya, omwe amakhudza bwino njira yochepetsera thupi.

    Zaka zingapo zapitazo, mankhwala monga xenical anali otchuka (). Zimalepheretsa lipase (kugaya chakudya), yomwe imalimbikitsa kuyamwa kwamafuta m'mimba. Chifukwa chake, pafupifupi 30% yamafuta omwe amadya "amatuluka" m'thupi popanda kutayidwa kulikonse. Xenical ndi gawo latsopano pakuchiza kunenepa. Koma zizolowere zawonetsa kuti kutenga mafuta othandizira sangathandize anthu omwe amadya kwambiri mafuta. Mafuta osakhazikika, odutsa m'matumbo, amatsogolera kudzimbidwa, amayambitsa kubisala, kutsekula m'mimba, etc.

    Chifukwa chake, wodwalayo ayenera kusankha pakati pa kudya zakudya zamafuta ndi mankhwala omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa. Ndi kukana kwa mankhwalawo ndikusinthika kwa kudya kwabwinobwino, kwamtundu wathanzi, kulemera ndi mawonekedwe a matumbo ake ndizofanana. Ndiye kuti, xenical ili ndi psychotherapeutic osati mphamvu yakuthupi.

    Mankhwala odziwika ngati amenewo ndi chitosan. Amamanga mafuta omwe amapezeka muzakudya kukhala mankhwala osakanikirana, momwe amachokera m'thupi. Kafukufuku wodziyimira akunena kuti chitosan chimathandiza pokhapokha ngati munthu adya zakudya zama calorie ochepa. Mankhwalawa onse samakhudza kuyamwa kwa zakudya zamafuta, omwe ali vuto lalikulu m'thupi mwa ana onenepa kwambiri.

    Pakati chakudya blockers wotchedwa (acarbo-za), lipobay ndi polyphepan. Amayambitsa zovuta, zomwe tiyenera kukumbukira mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kuchiza ana:

    • nayonso mphamvu njira
    • kuyamwa m'mimba
    • chisangalalo
    • zam'mimba thirakiti

    Chifukwa chake, mwana yemwe ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri, ngakhale atamwa mankhwala apadera a kunenepa kwambiri, amayenera kusiya zakudya zopanda pake ndi zizolowezi zoyenera kudya.

    Kupewa Kunenepa kwambiri mu Ana:

    Makolo, madokotala ndi aphunzitsi / aphunzitsi ayenera kutenga nawo mbali popereka njira zothana ndi kunenepa kwambiri kwa kuubwana.Gawo loyamba ndikuti makolo ayenera kumvetsetsa kufunikira kwa zakudya zoyenera ndi moyo wathanzi. Ndikofunikira kuphunzitsa mwana zizolowezi zoyenera kudya ndikumakonzanso njira yake yokwanira yolimbitsa thupi.

    Gawo lachiwiri ndikupangitsa chidwi cha mwana mu maphunziro akuthupi komanso masewera. Izi zikuyenera kuchitika osati ndi aphunzitsi ndi makolo okha. Makolo nawonso ayenera kukhala chitsanzo cha moyo wabwino, osati olamulira mwankhanza omwe amangonena chinthu chimodzi, koma samalani. Pakufunika popanga mapulogalamu owunika kuti azindikire kunenepa kwambiri komanso zovuta zake pakati pa ana ndi achinyamata.

    Omwe madokotala akuyenera kufunsidwa ngati muli ndi Kunenepa kwambiri kwa ana:

    Kodi pali china chomwe chikukuvutitsani? Kodi mukufuna kudziwa zambiri za kunenepa kwambiri mwa ana, zomwe zimayambitsa, Zizindikiro, njira zakuchiritsira ndi kupewa, nthawi ya matendawa ndi zakudya pambuyo pake? Kapena mukufuna kuyesedwa? Mutha kutero pangana ndi adokotala - chipatala Eurolabu nthawi zonse pantchito yanu! Madokotala abwino kwambiri adzakuunikirani, kuyesa zizindikiro zakunja ndikuthandizirani kudziwa matendawa ndi zizindikiro, kukulangizani ndikupereka thandizo lofunikira ndikupanga matenda. Mukhozanso Itanani dokotala kunyumba . Chipatalachi Eurolabu tsegulani kwa inu nthawi yonse yoyandikira.

    Momwe mungalumikizane ndi chipatala:
    Foni ya chipatala chathu ku Kiev: (+38 044) 206-20-00 (makina ambiri). Mlembi wa chipatala amasankha tsiku ndi ola labwino kuti mudzayendere dokotala. Zogwirizanitsa ndi mayendedwe athu zikuwonetsedwa. Onani mwatsatanetsatane zantchito zonse za chipatala.

    Ngati mudachita kafukufuku kale onetsetsani kuti mwatenga zotsatira zawo kuti mukambirane ndi dokotala. Ngati maphunzirowa sanamalize, tichita zonse zofunikira kuchipatala chathu kapena ndi anzathu azachipatala.

    Ndi inu? Muyenera kusamala kwambiri zaumoyo wanu wonse. Anthu samvera chidwi chokwanira matenda ndipo sazindikira kuti matendawa atha kukhala pachiwopsezo cha moyo. Pali matenda ambiri omwe poyamba sadziwonetsa m'matupi athu, koma pamapeto pake zimapezeka kuti, mwatsoka, yachedwa kwambiri kuwachiritsa. Matenda aliwonse ali ndi zizindikilo zake, mawonekedwe akunja - otchedwa Zizindikiro za matendawa . Kuzindikira zizindikiro ndi gawo loyamba lazidziwikire matenda ambiri. Kuti muchite izi, ndizofunikira kangapo pachaka dokotala , osati kungopewa matenda oyipa, komanso kukhalabe ndi malingaliro oyenera m'thupi ndi m'thupi lathunthu.

    Ngati mukufuna kufunsa dokotala funso - gwiritsani ntchito gawo loyang'ana pa intaneti, mwina mungapeze mayankho a mafunso anu pamenepo ndi kuwerenga malangizowo . Ngati mukufuna kudziwa kuunika kwamankhwala ndi madotolo, yesani kupeza zomwe mukufuna m'gawo lino. Lemberanso nawo kuchipatala Eurolabu kuyang'anira zatsopano zaposachedwa ndi zosinthika zatsamba lino, zomwe zidzatumizidwa zokha ku imelo yanu.

    Matenda ena a pagulu Matenda a mwana (ana):

    Bacillus phala mwa ana
    Adenovirus matenda ana
    Alysary dyspepsia
    Thupi lawo siligwirizana mu ana
    Thupi lawo siligwirizana ana
    Matupi oopsa a rhinitis ana
    Angina mu bana
    Atrial septal aneurysm
    Kuzindikira ana
    Matenda a ana
    Arrhasmia mwa ana
    Matenda oopsa a ana
    Ascaridosis mwa ana
    Asphyxia wa wakhanda
    Dermatitis ya Atopic mwa ana
    Autism mwa ana
    Ziphuphu mu ana
    Blepharitis ana
    Kulepheretsa mtima kwa ana
    Pambuyo pake khosi mwa ana
    Matenda a Marfan
    Matenda a Hirschsprung mwa ana
    Matenda a Lyme (ofalitsidwa ndi tsekwe)
    Matenda a Legionnaires mu ana
    Matenda a Meniere mwa ana
    Botulism mwa ana
    Mphumu ya bronchial mu ana
    Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
    Brucellosis mwa ana
    Matenda a typhoid ana
    Spring Qatar mwa ana
    Kuku pox mu ana
    Viral conjunctivitis ana
    Khunyu Wakanthawi kwa Ana
    Visceral leishmaniasis mwa ana
    Matenda opatsirana kachilombo ka ana
    Kubadwa kwa Intracranial
    Kutupa kwamkati mwa mwana
    Kulephera kwamtima kwa Congenital (CHD) mwa ana
    Hemorrhagic matenda obadwa kumene
    Hemorrhagic fever ndi aimpso (HFRS) mwa ana
    Hemorrhagic vasculitis ana
    Hemophilia mwa ana
    Hemophilus matenda ana
    Kuphunzira kwambiri pakati pa ana
    Vuto Losautsa Maganizo Ana
    Chiyankhulo cha mwana
    Hepatitis G mwa ana
    Hepatitis A ana
    Hepatitis B mu ana
    Hepatitis D mwa ana
    Hepatitis E mwa ana
    Hepatitis C ana
    Herpes mwa ana
    Herpes mwa akhanda
    Hydrocephalic syndrome mwa ana
    Hyperacaction mu ana
    Hypervitaminosis mu ana
    Hyper chisangalalo mwa ana
    Hypovitaminosis mu ana
    Fetal hypoxia
    Hypotension mwa ana
    Hypotrophy mwa mwana
    Histiocytosis mwa ana
    Glaucoma mwa ana
    Osamva (osalankhula osalankhula)
    Gonoblenorrhea mwa ana
    Influenza mwa ana
    Dacryoadenitis ana
    Dacryocystitis ana
    Kukhumudwa mwa ana
    Kamwazi (shigellosis) mwa ana
    Dysbacteriosis mwa ana
    Dysmetabolic nephropathy mu ana
    Diphtheria mwa ana
    Benign lymphoreticulosis ana
    Iron kuchepa magazi m'thupi mwa mwana
    Matenda achikasu mwa ana
    Matenda a khunyu ana
    Kutentha kwa mtima (GERD) mwa ana
    Kusakwanira kwa ana
    Impetigo mwa ana
    Kulowa mkati
    Matenda mononucleosis ana
    Kupindika kwa septum yamkati mwa ana
    Ischemic neuropathy mwa ana
    Campylobacteriosis mu ana
    Canaliculitis ana
    Candidiasis (thrush) mwa ana
    Carotid-cavernous anastomosis mwa ana
    Keratitis ana
    Klebsiella mwa ana
    Achinyamata okhala ndi matenda osokoneza bongo
    Tizilombo ta matenda a encephalitis a ana
    Clostridiosis mu ana
    Coarctation kwa msempha mwa ana
    Cutaneous leishmaniasis mwa ana
    Pertussis mwa ana
    Coxsackie- ndi ECHO matenda mwa ana
    Conjunctivitis mwa ana
    Matenda a Coronavirus mwa ana
    Mayeso ana
    Mphepete
    Craniosynostosis
    Urticaria mwa ana
    Rubella mwa ana
    Cryptorchidism mwa ana
    Khwimbi mu mwana
    Chiphuphu cha chibayo mwa ana
    Crimea hemorrhagic fever (CHF) mwa ana
    Q kutentha ana
    Labyrinthitis ana
    Lactase akusowa ana
    Laryngitis (pachimake)
    Matenda obadwa kumene m'mapapo
    Leukemia mwa ana
    Mankhwala osokoneza bongo mwa Ana
    Leptospirosis mu ana
    Lethargic encephalitis ana
    Lymphogranulomatosis ana
    Lymphoma mwa ana
    Listeriosis mwa ana
    Ebola mu bana
    Matendawa pamaso pa ana
    Malabsorption mwa ana
    Malungo mu ana
    MARS mwa ana
    Mastoiditis mwa ana
    Meningitis mwa ana
    Matenda a Meningococcal mwa ana
    Meningitis ya Meningococcal mu ana
    Metabolic syndrome mwa ana ndi achinyamata
    Myasthenia gravis mwa ana
    Migraine mwa ana
    Mycoplasmosis mwa ana
    Myocardial dystrophy mwa ana
    Myocarditis mwa ana
    Myoclonic khunyu ya ubwana
    Mitral stenosis
    Urolithiasis (ICD) mwa ana
    Cystic fibrosis mwa ana
    Kunja kwa otitis media mu ana
    Mavuto Olankhula mwa Ana
    Neurosis mwa ana
    Mitral valavu kusakwanira
    Kutembenuza kwa Bowel sikokwanira
    Sensorineural kumva kuwonongeka kwa ana
    Neurofibromatosis mwa ana
    Matenda a shuga a ana
    Nephrotic syndrome mwa ana
    Epistaxis mwa ana
    Vuto lowonerera-lolimbikitsa ana
    Kuletsa bronchitis mwa ana
    Omsk hemorrhagic fever (OHL) mwa ana
    Opisthorchiasis mwa ana
    Herpes zoster mwa ana
    Zizindikiro za mu ana
    Ma tumor a chingwe cha msana komanso msana mwa ana
    Chotupa
    Ornithosis mwa ana
    Rickettsiosis wokayikitsa mwa ana
    Pachimake aimpso kulephera ana
    Pinworms mwa ana
    Pachimake sinusitis
    Pachimake herpetic stomatitis ana
    Pachimake kapamba mu ana
    Pachimake pyelonephritis ana
    Edema ya Quincke mwa ana
    Media atitis mu ana (aakulu)
    Otomycosis mwa ana
    Otosulinosis ana
    Kulimbirana chibayo mwa ana
    Parainfluenza mwa ana
    Paracussis mwa ana
    Paratrophy mwa ana
    Paroxysmal tachycardia mu ana
    Zikumba mwa ana
    Pericarditis mwa ana
    Pyloric stenosis mu ana
    Zakudya za ana
    Zosangalatsa ana
    Pneumococcal matenda ana
    Chibayo mwa ana
    Pneumothorax mwa ana
    Kuwonongeka kwa Ziphuphu mu Ana
    Kuchulukitsa kwazovuta za intraocular

    Kwa zaka makumi angapo, asayansi akhala akuwona kuwonjezeka kwa ana onenepa kwambiri. Madokotala ndi akatswiri azakudya amatengera chidwi chachikulu ku vutoli, chifukwa kunenepa kumabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa. Ndipo pafupifupi onse, iyi ndikulimbana ndi kunenepa kwambiri pamoyo wonse wokhwima.

    Kunenepa kwambiri ndi matenda osakhazikika, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa kagayidwe ndipo amatsatana ndi kudzikundikira kwa mafuta ochulukirapo m'thupi.

    Adipose minofu m'thupi la munthu sikuti nthawi zonse imapangika mwamphamvu. Kupanga koyamba kumachitika kuyambira tsiku lobadwa la mwana mpaka miyezi 9. Kufikira zaka 5, kukula kwamafuta kumakhazikika. Nthawi yotsatira ikukula ndi zaka 5-7. Chomaliza - pausinkhu wa kutha kwa thupi ndi kukonzanso kwathunthu - kuyambira zaka 12 mpaka 17.

    Chifukwa chake, madokotala amasiyanitsa nthawi zitatu zovuta za matendawa:

    1. mpaka zaka 3 - ubwana
    2. Zaka 5-7 - zaka zoyambira sukulu,
    3. Zaka 12 mpaka 17 - unyamata.

    Zifukwa Zonenepa Kwambiri M'ng'ono

    Zindikirani molondola zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa zimangotengera endocrinologist. Pali zinthu ziwiri zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza kukula kwa matenda a ana:

    1. Alimentary (mavuto amayamba chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi komanso kuchepa mphamvu).
    2. Endocrine (mavuto amayamba chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa dongosolo la endocrine).

    Kuchulukana kwa kunenepa kwambiri kwa ana ndi achinyamata kumachitika chifukwa cha kusokonekera kwa kagayidwe kachakudya ndi ntchito zochepa. Kuthamanga kwa mphamvu zamagetsi kumalumikizidwa ndi kumwa kosalamulirika kwa zakudya zama calorie kwambiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa.

    Posazindikira kuwonongeka konse, ana amadya zakudya zopanda pake, maswiti, chakudya mwachangu, chosambitsidwa ndi zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi.

    Izi ndizofunikira! Hypodynamia ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zakukulira kwa ana onenepa kwambiri. Ana amakono amakonda masewera akunja ndikukhala kutsogolo kwa kompyuta, TV ndi zida zamagetsi.

    "Family syndrome", monga choyambitsa matendawa, sichachilendo. Kunenepa kwambiri mwa makolo onse kumapereka chitsimikizo cha 80% chakuti matenda omwewo adzawonekeranso mwa mwana.

    Pali kuthekera kwakukulu kokulira kwa ana obadwa kumene olemera kuposa makilogalamu anayi, komanso mwa ana omwe amafulumira kulemera m'zaka ziwiri zoyambirira za moyo. Kukhazikitsidwa koyambirira kwa zakudya zowonjezera (mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi) ndi kusiyiratu kuyamwitsa ndizothekanso zomwe zimayambitsa matenda.

    Pali zifukwa zingapo zolemera mopitirira muyeso kwa ana omwe amagwirizana ndi chitukuko cha matenda:

    • congenital hypothyroidism (kusowa kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro),
    • matenda a adrenal gland (Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome),
    • matenda otupa a muubongo, ovulala muubongo, zotupa zomwe zimayambitsa kusokonekera kwa ndulu,
    • adipose-genital dystrophy.

    Nthawi zambiri, kusokonezeka kwa metabolic kumayambitsa zomwe zimayambitsa psycho. Izi zitha kukhala zopandaubwenzi kusukulu, kupsinjika kwambiri komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuferedwa ndi achibale kapena kuwopseza mwana akuchitira umboni mlandu.

    Zotheka ndi zovuta

    Kunenepa kwambiri paubwana kumakhumudwitsa kukhazikika kwa matenda ambiri opatsirana. Izi zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha kulumala ndi kufa msanga.

    Kodi kunenepa kwambiri kumabweretsa chiyani paubwana ndi unyamata:

    • matenda a mtima dongosolo (matenda oopsa, sitiroko, angina pectoris, mtima ischemia),
    • matenda a m'mimba thirakiti (kutupa kwa kapamba, duodenum, gastritis, chiwindi kulephera, zotupa, kudzimbidwa),
    • matenda a endocrine dongosolo (kusokonezeka kwa kapamba, ndulu za adrenal ndi chithokomiro cha chithokomiro),
    • matenda a musculoskeletal system (kusintha kwa mafupa ndi mafupa, mawonekedwe a mapazi opyapyala, mitsempha ya varicose m'miyendo),
    • matenda amisala (kugona apnea syndrome, kusokonezeka kwa tulo, matenda amisala),
    • Kuchepetsa kubereka kwa amuna mtsogolo ndi kubereka kwa akazi mtsogolo.

    Madokotala okha ndi omwe amatha kudziwa kunenepa kwambiri kwa ana, koma makolo ayenera kukhala oyamba kuzindikira zizindikiro zodwala. Kuti muchite izi, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana moyo wa mwana, kusunthika kwake ndi zochitika zolimbitsa thupi, kusintha pamunthu.

    Zizindikiro za kunenepa kwambiri khanda:

    • onenepa kwambiri
    • pafupipafupi matupi awo sagwirizana,
    • kudzimbidwa.

    Zizindikiro za kunenepa kwambiri mwana wa msukulu za pulayimale (zaka 5-7):

    • onenepa kwambiri
    • thukuta kwambiri
    • mawonekedwe ofupika kupuma poyenda ndi kuvutikira,
    • Kusintha kwa chithunzi cham'mimba, m'chiuno, mikono ndi mapewa (adipose minofu yakupangika),
    • kuchuluka kowonjezereka kwa kupanikizika.

    Zizindikiro za kunenepa kwambiri wazaka 12-17:

    • zotchulidwa, zonsezi pamwambapa, zizindikiro,
    • kutopa
    • mwa atsikana - kusamba kwamiseche,
    • chizungulire ndi mutu
    • kutuluka thukuta kwambiri
    • Kutupa pafupipafupi kwa manja ndi miyendo, kupweteka kupweteka m'malo olumikizirana mafupa,
    • mayiko ovuta.

    Momwe mungapezere matenda?

    Cholinga chopita kwa adotolo ndizowunikira kwa makolo omwe ali tcheru omwe amatha kuzindikira zoyamba zoopsa za kunenepa kwambiri kwa mwana. Dokotalayo amayamba kuzindikira matendawa potola zambiri zokhudzana ndi mwana (njira zodyetsera mpaka chaka chimodzi, zopatsa thanzi pakadali pano, moyo wake, mulingo wolimbitsa thupi, matenda osachiritsika).

    Gawo lotsatira pakuzindikiritsa cholinga ndikupeza deta ya anthropometric: mozungulira, m'chiuno, m'thupi. Kutengera ndi izi, adotolo amawerengera cholembera thupi la mwana (BMI) ndikuchifanizira pogwiritsa ntchito matebulo apadera a WHO.

    Chiwerengero? BMI imapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kudziwa kukula kwa matendawa ndipo imawerengeredwa ndi njira zotsatirazi: BMI = kulemera kwa thupi (kg) / urefu (m²).

    Mtengo wa index womwe ungayambitsidwe umatha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa kunenepa. Tebulo lotsatirali lithandiza.

    Kuti mudziwe zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa, dokotala akhoza kukuyikani mayeso otsatirawa:

    • Kuyesa kwamwazi wamagazi. Zimakuthandizani kudziwa kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi, cholesterol, uric acid. Mlingo wa mapuloteni a ALT ndi AST (transaminases m'magazi) ndiwo udzawonetsetse momwe chiwindi chilili.
    • Kusanthula kwa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni amitundu yosiyanasiyana m'magazi ndi mkodzo. Amatchulidwa ngati dokotala akuwaganizira kuti matupi a kunenepa kwambiri amapezeka pa mahomoni. Mlingo wa insulin, cortisol, TSH, estradiol ndi mahomoni ena amatsimikiza.

    Komanso, kuti tifotokozere za matendawa, atha kutumizidwa kukayesedwa:

    • Ultrasound ya chithokomiro
    • CT, MRI ndi EEG yaubongo (ngati ma pituitary pathology akuwakayikira).

    Atazindikira chomwe chimayambitsa kunenepa kwambiri, dokotala amafotokoza chithandizo chokwanira, chomwe chimaphatikizapo izi:

    1. Kukonza zakudya komanso zakudya za munthu aliyense.
    2. Zochita zolimbitsa thupi.
    3. Mankhwala.
    4. Mankhwala othandizira (ngati pakufunika).

    Kukonzanso zakudya

    Kusintha moyenera mankhwalawa kumathandiza dotolo-wothandizira ana. Cholinga chake ndikuchepetsa kupangika kwamafuta osakanikirana ndikulimbikitsa kuchotseka kwazosungidwa kale. Zakudya kwa mwana wonenepa kwambiri ziyenera kukhala zosiyanasiyana komanso zoyenera momwe zingathere. Muyenera kukumbukiranso kuti kwa ana osaposa zaka 3, zakudya zimaperekedwa.

    Kudya ana onenepa kwambiri kumakhudzana ndi chakudya chamagulu kangapo ka 6-7 patsiku m'magawo ang'onoang'ono. Kupuma pakati pa chakudya kumachitika bwino osatinso maola atatu. Zakudya zazikulu zopatsa mphamvu kwambiri zimapanga zakudya za theka loyamba la masana, munthawi ya ntchito yayikulu. Chakudya cham'mawa komanso chamasana, nyama ndi nsomba zimaphikidwa kuchokera ku mitundu yamafuta ochepa.

    Mwa zopangidwa mkaka, mkaka wokhathamira wokhala ndi mafuta ochepa ndi bwino. Tsiku lililonse, calcium, monga kanyumba tchizi amaphatikizidwa muzakudya.

    Popeza ma carbohydrate ndiye gwero lalikulu lamafuta amthupi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mikate yoyera, shuga, timadziti, sodas, pasitala, maswiti ndi maswiti asiyidwe.

    Zofunika! Pophika, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kukazinga mu mafuta. Zogulitsa zimatha kuwiritsa, kuwotcha, kudyetsa ndi kudyeka zatsopano.

    Zakudya zabwino zimapangidwa ndi katswiri wazakudya zaku Soviet Union M. Pevzner. Ndi cholinga chothandizira kunenepa kwambiri mwa ana ndi achinyamata, adapanga nambala 8, yomwe madokotala masiku ano achita bwino. Zakudyazo zimapangidwira m'mitundu ingapo, zomwe zimasinthasintha zomwe zimapangitsa thupi kukhala ndi zinthu zofunika.

    Tebulo 8 lili ndi zinthu zazikuluzikulu zotsatirazi:

    • chinangwa kapena mkate wowundana - 100-170 g patsiku,
    • zopangidwa mkaka zamafuta ochepa - 180-200 g patsiku,
    • nyama yokonda, nkhuku, nsomba zamafuta ochepa - 150-180 g patsiku,
    • supu yokhala ndi mbatata yochepa - mpaka 220 g gawo,
    • kuchokera ku chimanga kokha mapira, barele ndi barele - mpaka 200 g a porridge patsiku,
    • ndiwo zamasamba zambirimbiri m'njira zingapo zopanda malire,
    • Zipatso, makamaka zosavomerezeka - mpaka 400 g patsiku.
    • tiyi, shuga ndi timadziti.

    Nayi imodzi mwazosankha mndandanda wazakudya 8, zopangidwa kuti zithandizire mwana kunenepa kwambiri:

    Yophika pamadzi, tiyi wopanda shuga, apulo.

    Apple ndi kabichi watsopano saladi, dzira yophika, msuzi wa rosehip.

    Msuzi wamasamba kapena msuzi wa kabichi, supu ya kabichi yophika ndi nyama yophika kapena nsomba, nyama yowuma zipatso.

    Cottage tchizi ndi kefir.

    Nsomba yophika, saladi wa masamba ndi mafuta a masamba. Asanagone - kapu ya kefir yopanda mafuta.

    Zophika zonse za ana onenepa kwambiri zimaganizira za kusapezeka konse kwa mchere, wokoma ndi batala, kotero zimawoneka zolimba kwambiri, zatsopano komanso zosasangalatsa kwa ana.

    Kusintha kwamalingaliro amwana pakudya, makolo amalimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito malingaliro awo onse ndikupanga kusintha mbale zomwe zaphikidwa. Zitha kukhala ziwerengero zamakhathuni, mapatani ndi zina zambiri kuchokera pazogulitsa. Masamba owala komanso owutsa mudyo amathandizira.

    Zochita zolimbitsa thupi

    Gawo lokakamira pachithandizo chokwanira cha kunenepa kwambiri kwa mwana ndi zolimbitsa thupi. Dokotala yemwe akupezekapo adzafotokozeranso zovuta zolimbitsa thupi, zomwe zimathandizira kuchepetsa thupi.

    Kuphatikiza apo, malingaliro a ana onenepa kwambiri amaphatikizaponso masewera, kuyenda panja nyengo iliyonse, kusambira, kuyendetsa njinga, kutikita minofu. Masewera olimbitsa thupi ayenera kukhala okhazikika. Makolo othandiza amakhalanso ndi zilango zamomwe amafunsira (kuponya 10, ma 30 squats, 30), kotero kuti katundu amakhala tsiku ndi tsiku.

    Zosangalatsa! Kujambula ndi choko pa phula ndi ntchito yosavuta, koma yothandiza kwambiri. Kupatula apo, kujambula, mwana akugona ndikuyenda pamiyendo yake.

    Mavuto

    Choyipa chachikulu pazonsezi ndi chomwe matenda awa amawopseza. Tsoka ilo, makolo samayimira chiwopsezo chonse cha matendawa. Pakadali pano, zotsatirapo zake zimakhala zoyipa kwambiri - ngakhale kufa (ndi giredi 3).

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    Zina mwazovuta kwambiri:

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    • ziphuphu
    • ochepa matenda oopsa
    • gynecomastia
    • hyperandrogenism,
    • dyslipidemia,
    • matenda a ndulu
    • Kuchedwa kapena kufulumizitsa chitukuko chakugonana,
    • matenda a musculoskeletal system: nyamakazi, Blount matenda, spondylolisthesis,
    • carbohydrate kagayidwe kachakudya: insulin kukana, kuphwanya shuga, kusala kudya glycemia,
    • kunenepa kwa chiwindi: hepatosis ndi steatohepatitis ndizambiri zomwe zimachitika mwa ana,
    • kuchepa kwa androgen,
    • mtundu II matenda a shuga,
    • matenda am'mimba thirakiti: kutupa kwa kapamba, gastritis, zotupa, kudzimbidwa,
    • kulephera kwa chiwindi
    • matenda amisala, matenda amisala,
    • utachepa mphamvu ya kubereka kwamphongo, kusabereka kwa akazi mtsogolo.

    Makolo ayenera kumvetsetsa kuti ana onenepa kwambiri sasangalala. Chifukwa chake, ntchito yawo yayikulu ndikuletsa zochitika ngati izi, ndipo ngati izi zachitika kale, chitani chilichonse kuchiritsa mwanayo. Akulu akamayamba, amakhala ndi mwayi wochira komanso kukhala ndi moyo wabwino mtsogolo.

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    Zoyambitsa Kunenepa

    Pali zifukwa ziwiri zazikulu zomwe zimathandizira kukulitsa kunenepa kwambiri:

    • Zakudya zopanda thanzi zophatikizidwa ndi moyo wopanda ntchito,
    • kukhalapo kwa endocrine matenda (matenda a chiwindi, adrenal gland, chithokomiro England, thumba losunga mazira).

    Choyambitsa chibadwa chimakhudza kwambiri. Muubwana, ana nthawi zambiri amalola miyoyo yawo kuyendayenda: kukhala moyo wongokhala, kudya zakudya zopanda pake zambiri.

    Zakudya zambiri zothamanga, zakumwa zingapo za kaboni, maswiti, kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yaulere pakompyuta zimathandizira kukhala ndi njira zolakwika za tsiku ndi tsiku za ana. Zosangalatsa zoterezi zimachepetsa kagayidwe, zimathandizira kukhazikika kwa ma pathologies m'thupi lonse komanso zimapangitsa kuti mwana azikhala wonenepa kwambiri.

    Matenda a Endocrine amakhudza kuchuluka kolondola ndi kulemera, koma ndizochepa zomwe zimayambitsa kunenepa kwambiri. Kupewa kunenepa kwambiri mwa ana ndi akulu kumalepheretsa kuwonongeka kwa thanzi komanso mawonekedwe.

    Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu azioneka wonenepa kwambiri

    Pakakhala palibe chibadwa komanso matendawo a endocrine, zotsatirazi zimayambitsa kunenepa kwambiri:

    • kusowa zolimbitsa thupi,
    • zopsinjika pafupipafupi komanso mwamphamvu,
    • kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi - zovuta zakudya zomwe zimabweretsa kukula kwa bulimia, anorexia ndi matenda ena,
    • kugwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwa chakudya cham'mimba chambiri, zakudya zopezeka ndi shuga,
    • chisokonezo cha kugona, makamaka - kusowa tulo,
    • kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amakhudza ubongo wamkati, kuulimbikitsa kapena kuletsa.

    Nthawi zina, kunenepa kwambiri kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha opaleshoni (mwachitsanzo, kuchotsa thumba losunga mazira) kapena kuvulala (ngati gland yawonongeka). Kuwonongeka kwa zotupa za pituitary kapena adrenal cortex kumakwiyitsanso mawonekedwe a kulemera kwambiri. Kupewa kunenepa kwambiri kuyambira tili ana kungakuthandizeni kupewa mavuto azaumoyo omwe angachitike mukakhala onenepa kwambiri.

    Momwe mungawerengere index index ya body

    Kunenepa kwambiri kumasankhidwa kukhala BMI. Mutha kuwerengetsa manambala nokha. Ndikokwanira kudziwa kulemera kwanu komanso kutalika kwake.

    Ndikofunikira kugawa kulemera kwa thupi ndi kutalika kwamlingo. Mwachitsanzo, mzimayi amakhala ndi kulemera kwa makilogalamu 55 komanso kutalika kwa masentimita 160. Kuwerengera kumawoneka motere:

    55 kg: (1.6 x 1.6) = 21.48 - pamenepa, kulemera kumafanana ndi kutalika kwa wodwala.

    BMI yopitilira 25 imawonetsa kunenepa kwambiri, koma sikuti ndi ngozi. Kupewera kunenepa kwambiri kuyenera kuyamba msanga, osati nthawi yomwe BMI ili kale yopitilira 25. Pamene thupi la munthu likungoyamba kuchuluka, kusiya njirayi ndikosavuta kuposa nthawi iliyonse yanenepa.

    BMI decryption

    Mukawerengera chizindikiritso cha mayeso amthupi, muyenera kudziwa ngati ndizofanana ndi zomwe zikuchitika kapena ayi:

    • ngati kuwerengera, ochepera 16 kukupezeka, izi zikuwonetsa kuchepa kwamphamvu thupi,
    • 16 - 18 - osakwanira kulemera, nthawi zambiri atsikana onse amayesetsa kutsimikizira ichi,
    • 18-25 - kulemera koyenera kwa munthu wathanzi labwino
    • 25-30 - kukhalapo kwa kulemera kwambiri, komwe sikuvulaza mkhalidwe waumoyo, koma kunja kwambiri kumawononga mawonekedwe a chithunzi,
    • zopitilira 30 - kukhalapo kwa kunenepa kwa madigiri osiyanasiyana, komwe kumafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala.

    Pamaso pa kunenepa kwambiri, ndibwino kuti musinthe moyo wanu nthawi yomweyo ndikubwezeretsa magawo oyenera.Kupanda kutero, kulemera kumakwera pang'onopang'ono, ndipo pambuyo pake kudzakhala kovuta kwambiri kubwerera pamiyeso yovomerezeka. Kupewera kunenepa kwambiri kwa ana kuyenera kuyambira ali aang'ono kwambiri. Ndiye kuti, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa zakudya komanso ntchito za ana anu.

    Mitundu ya Kunenepa kwambiri

    Mitundu yotsatirayi ya kunenepa imasiyanitsidwa potengera kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa kunenepa kwambiri:

    • Pamwamba (pamimba) - mafuta osanjikiza amamangika makamaka kumtunda ndi pamimba. Mtundu uwu umapezeka kwambiri mwa amuna. Kunenepa kwambiri pamimba kumabweretsa vuto pa thanzi lathunthu, kuchititsa kuyambika kwa matenda ashuga, stroke, kugunda kwa mtima kapena matenda oopsa.
    • Zotsika (zachikazi-gluteal) - madipoziti amafuta amaloledwa m'matako ndi matako. Imapezeka makamaka wamkazi. Zimakwiyitsa maonekedwe a venous kusakwanira, matenda a mafupa ndi msana.
    • Wapakatikati (wosakanikirana) - mafuta amamanganso chimodzimodzi mthupi lonse.

    Mitundu ya kunenepa kwambiri imatha kuphatikizidwa ndi mitundu ya thupi. Chifukwa chake, chithunzi "apulo" chizindikirika ndikuwoneka molemera kwambiri kumtunda kwa thupi ndi pamimba, ndipo mawonekedwe a mtundu wa "peyala" wamafuta adzakhazikitsidwa makamaka mu ntchafu, matako ndi m'mimba.

    Kupewera kunenepa kwambiri kwa odwala okalamba ndikofunikira, chifukwa pakadali pano pali zovuta mu endocrine system ndikuchepetsa metabolism.

    Mankhwala

    Madokotala nthawi zambiri amapereka mankhwala pokhapokha ngati pali gawo lachitatu la kunenepa kwambiri. Izi ndichifukwa choti mankhwalawa onse omwe amachepetsa chilakolako chofuna kudya komanso kuchepetsa kunenepa amaphatikizidwa mwa ana osakwana zaka 15.

    Njira zamakono zochizira kunenepa kwambiri kwa ana zimachokera ku mankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Nthawi zambiri, kukonzekera kwa homeopathic komwe kumakhala kovulaza ku thupi la mwana kumaphatikizidwa ndi zovuta zochizira.

    Mankhwala othandizira

    Pali milandu yayikulu kwambiri yamatenda pomwe pakufunika thandizo la opaleshoni (kunenepa kwambiri kapena zinthu zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi zovuta zake, kuwopseza moyo). Kenako madokotala amatha kuchita opaleshoni.

    Opaleshoni yothandizira mankhwalawa kunenepa kwambiri.

    Kuteteza Kunenepa

    Vuto la kunenepa kwambiri mwa ana limatha kudzipangitsa kumverera ngakhale mkati mwa nthawi yobala mwana, chifukwa chake akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuti ayambe kupewa ngakhale asanabadwe. Mayi woyembekezera ayenera kudya zakudya zoyenera komanso kukumbukira kuopsa kwa kudya kwambiri.

    Njira zazikulu zodzitetezera zomwe zimapangidwa kuti muchepetse kunenepa kwambiri mwa ana ndi achinyamata zimatsitsidwa pazinthu zotsatirazi.

    Zimaphatikizapo kudya moyenera, kuyang'anira kudya kwa ola limodzi ndi kupatula zakudya zoyipa ndi zakumwa zakumwa.

    Zimapereka moyo wathanzi, maphunziro olimbitsa thupi, masewera ndi masewera akunja, zoletsa kukhala pamaso pa kompyuta kapena pa TV.

    Mwana akakhala wonenepa kwambiri, mkhalidwe wamavuto m'banjamo ndi wofunikira kwambiri. Wachinyamata wonenepa kwambiri nthawi zambiri amakhala wokhumudwa, zomwe zimangokulitsa matendawa. Chifukwa chake, chithandizo chonse ndi malingaliro abwino a makolo ndikofunikira. Osangokhala maupangiri pazomwe mungachite ndi momwe, koma chilimbikitso ndi zitsanzo za anthu.

    Kunenepa kwambiri kwa ana ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri. Awa ndi matenda omwe amadzimva akadali achichepere komanso okhwima. Makolo ayenera kumvetsera kwambiri mwana wawo ndipo ayenera kumuzolowera kuti akhale ndi moyo wabwino. Eya, ichi ndiye chinsinsi cha chitetezo chake komanso thanzi labwino.

    Moni nonse, ndine Olga Ryshkova. Choyamba, sankhani zochita. Njira yothanirana ndi kunenepa kwambiri mwa ana ndi achinyamata imaphatikizapo zinthu izi:

    1. Osavulaza.Kuphatikizika kwa mankhwalawo kuyenera kukhala kotetezeka kwa thanzi komanso thanzi la mwana.

    2. Kudya zakudya zochepa zopatsa mphamvu pamafunika kulumikizana ndi dokotala komanso kuyang'aniridwa ndi achipatala.

    3. Zovuta zake ziyenera kuphatikizapo zakudya, zotsatira zake komanso zochita zolimbitsa thupi. Izi ndizothandiza kwambiri kuposa mankhwala osagwirizana (mwachitsanzo, zakudya zokha).

    4. Ngati choyambitsa kunenepa sikukulephera kwa mahomoni, koma kudya kachulukidwe kokwanira, simuyenera kudalira kukonzekera kwa mankhwala. Mpaka pano, palibe zotsatira zodalirika pakuyenda bwino komanso chitetezo cha mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza kunenepa kwambiri kwaubwana ndi unyamata. Poyerekeza ndi achikulire, funso loti asamangogwira ntchito kwakanthawi kochepa pakuchepetsa thupi, komanso kapangidwe ka zovuta ndi matenda ophatikizika sanaphunzire. Tikhala tikumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo pang'ono.

    5. Banja lonse likhale lokonzekera zoyambira ndikusinthana nawo. Kulimbikitsidwa ndi makolo kuti azitsatira zakudya komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumawonjezera luso la chithandizo.

    6. Muyenera kukhala okonzekera zovuta koma osataya mtima. Sindikufuna kukukhumudwitsani, koma malinga ndi ziwerengero zapadziko lonse lapansi, ana khumi ndi anayi okha mwa achinyamata ndi achinyamata omwe amalemera kwambiri, ena onse amakhalanso ali pamlingo womwewo, kapena kupitiliza kudziunjikira. Makolo adapulumutsidwa.

    Mankhwala othandizira pakudya ndi machitidwe olimbitsa thupi amakhalabe njira zazikulu zochizira ana omwe ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri.

    Zakudya za ana ndi achinyamata onenepa kwambiri kapena onenepa kwambiri azikhala ochepa mafuta komanso nyama zamafuta, okwera kwambiri okhala ndi mavitamini okwanira. Amapangidwa nthawi yayitali ndipo sayenera kuphwanya kukula kwa thupi ndi malingaliro a mwana. Pochiza kunenepa kwambiri muzochitika zamankhwala, mayiko a pambuyo pa Soviet nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito tebulo la chakudya. 8. Zakudya zake ndizoyenera, zothandiza, zotetezeka ndipo chifukwa chake mutha kupanga mndandanda wa ana ndi achinyamata omwe onenepa kwambiri kapena onenepa kwambiri.

    Kodi kuchitira kunenepa kumatanthauza chiyani?

    Munasankha kuthana ndi vuto la kunenepa kwambiri mwa mwana. Chifukwa chake kudumpha kwachitika chifukwa chakulimbikitsa. Mumadera nkhawa za thanzi lake kapena anzawo. Chotsatira, muyenera kuchita chilichonse chotheka kuti mulimbikitse mwana kuti achepetse thupi. Khazikitsani zolinga zomwe zingamulimbikitse kuti achitepo kanthu, pangani kukhala olimba mtima. Kuti mwana alandire dongosolo la zochitika zolimbitsa thupi ndi zakudya ndipo samayenda "mufiriji" mukasowa.

    Kudya kumayambitsa kutulutsidwa kwa dopamine - mahomoni achisangalalo. Sinthani chisangalalo cha kudya ndi zosangalatsa zina malinga ndi msinkhu wanu ndikuphatikizira banja lanu mmenemo. Kusintha kwa chikhalidwe chatsopano kuyenera kuchitika popanda kukhudzidwa kwamkati kwa mwana kapena wachinyamata.

    Ndiyenera kunena kuti chithandizo chamakhalidwe chimagwira ntchito movuta kwambiri kwa achinyamata opitirira zaka 13. Ana amatenga nawo mbali pamasewera olimbitsa thupi, ndipo kwa achinyamata ndizovuta kwambiri.

    Kufotokozera mwachidule - machitidwe ochiritsira ayenera kuphatikizapo kukondoweza kukwaniritsa cholinga ndi kudziletsa kwa mwana kapena mwana.

    Mahomoni ndi kunenepa kwambiri.

    Hormonal pathology monga chifukwa cha kunenepa kwambiri mwa ana ndi achinyamata sichofala, koma zimachitika. Amayi adabweretsa Sasha wazaka 15 ku ofesi yathu atalimbana nawo kwakanthawi ndi chilaso chake komanso kutumiza ndi firiji. Kufufuzaku kunawonetsa matenda a gren adrenal, kuchuluka kwambiri kwa insulin (hyperinsulinism), komwe kumapangitsa kuti shuga azikhala otsika kwambiri, ndikuyambitsa "nkhandwe" ya Sasha.

    Ndazindikira kale kuti lingaliro la "kudya kwambiri" ndi "kudya pang'ono" ndilogwirizana kwambiri. Ndipo komabe, ngati mwana wanu adya kwambiri ndipo simungathe kuchita chilichonse, kapena kuyesetsa kwanu kuti muchepetse calorie kudya sikuti ndi zotsatira, muzifufuza mwanayo kuti apeze mahomoni.Ndinalemba izi munkhani yoti "Ndi ma mahomoni otani omwe angadutse ngati munthu wanenepa kwambiri mwa mwana", sindibwereza.

    Zokhudza mankhwala.

    Kukonzekera kwa pharmacological kumayikidwa ndi adokotala okha. Zisonyezo za mankhwala akumwa ndi kunenepa kwambiri, zizindikiro za hyperinsulinism, kulolerana kwa shuga. Mankhwala omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza ana onenepa kwambiri ali ochepa.

    Chida chokhacho chomwe chatsimikiziridwa kukhala chotetezeka mukamagwiritsa ntchito ana kuchokera pamalingaliro adziko lonse lapansi ndi Metformin. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati vuto la kulekerera chakudya chamafuta kapena matenda ashuga a 2. Kuchita bwino ndi chitetezo chazogwiritsira ntchito zimatsimikizidwanso ndi akatswiri apakhomo.

    Posachedwa, afotokoza za kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera kwa mankhwala othandizira ofanana ndi ana omwe amakhudza malo omwe ali ndi njala komanso kukhudzika, koma palibe umboni wokwanira pamlingo wapadziko lonse wokhudza iwo.

    Chifukwa chiyani mankhwalawa amalephera?

    Ndizosatheka kuyembekezera kutsatira boma ndi wachinyamata yemwe makolo ake amawadyera zakudya zopatsa thanzi kwambiri. Ngati mayi sakonza phwando laphwando pasukulu pasukulu, mwana “amakwaniritsa bwino” izi mwa kugula masikono, makeke, tchipisi, chokoleti, kapena, kudya sangweji.

    Ku ichi chikuwonjezeredwa zoyipa zoyipa za anzanu - kunenepa kwambiri ndi chifukwa chakukwiya, chifukwa chomwe achinyamata amayesetsa kuti asayang'ane ndipo amachita manyazi kudya "osati chakudya monga wina aliyense" (ndiko kuti, tchipisi, makeke, ndi zina zambiri), amachita manyazi kukwaniritsa katundu aliyense pa makalasi ophunzitsa zolimbitsa thupi kusukulu, satenga nawo mbali pamasewera masewera pambuyo pamakalasi.

    Izi zimachepetsa kudzidalira kwa achinyamata, zimakhala maziko a mayiko omwe amakhala ndi nkhawa komanso akufotokozera mfundo zakuchepa kwamphamvu zolimbikitsira kunenepa. Ndiwo mkhalidwe wa makolo womwe ukusonyeza kusakonzekera chithandizo chamankhwala chokwanira cha kunenepa kwambiri kwa ana ndi achinyamata ndipo kumapangitsa kuti asalandire chithandizo.

    Kuti mwana wanu alowe mu 10-15% yakuchiritsidwa kunenepa.

    Momwe mungachiritsire kunenepa kwambiri mwa ana ndi achinyamata omwe alibe chithandizo chokwanira chamalingaliro kuchokera kubanja, malingaliro oyipa a anzanu, kusowa kwa chakudya chamagulu kusukulu komanso kupezeka kwamakalasi apadera ophunzitsira masewera olimbitsa thupi, kusowa kwa akatswiri oyenerera kumalo komwe angathandizire posankha zinthu, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso kupereka chithandizo chamaganizidwe?

    Cholinga chanu chachitsulo chokha kuti mwana wanu akule wathanzi, osati olumala ndi atherosclerosis, kusokonezeka kwa mitsempha ya mtima, matenda oopsa komanso matenda ashuga, ndi omwe angakuthandizeni kuthana ndi chilichonse komanso kukwaniritsa zotsatira zabwino. Muphunzira kusanthula zakudya, muchepetse nkhawa za mwana wanu ndikuyang'ana pa chithandizo chabanja. Mudzachita bwino.

    Kuzindikira kunenepa

    Monga njira zozindikiritsa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:

    • kulemera kwamthupi
    • miyeso yamagetsi ya adipose ndi minyewa yosagwiritsa ntchito adipose m'thupi,
    • kukula kwa thupi
    • kuyeza mafuta osuntha pang'ono,
    • kuyezetsa magazi - kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti mupeze matenda omwe amayambitsa mawonekedwe a kunenepa kwambiri.

    Kutengera ndi zotsatira zake, adotolo amatha kunena za kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa matendawa. Kupewa kunenepa kwambiri mwa ana ndi achinyamata kumathandizira kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito bwino akamakula komanso kukalamba.

    Kunenepa kwambiri

    Nthawi zina, kuchepa thupi sikuwonetsedwa ndi chakudya chokwanira komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi okwanira. Pankhaniyi, madokotala amatha kutumiza mankhwala oyenera a pharmacological omwe amathandizira kuchepetsa thupi. Kupewa kunenepa kwambiri ndi matenda ashuga ndikofunikira ngati wodwala ali ndi matenda a mtima.

    Ngati wodwala wonenepa kwambiri wapezeka ndi matenda a mtima, kupuma kapena minofu yam'mimba, ndikofunikira kumwa mankhwala omwe amayesetsa kuthana ndi mavutowa. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kuyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi kusintha kwa moyo wanu wachizolowezi, ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsa kuchepa thupi.

    Sizoletsedwa kusankha ndi kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa thupi popanda kufunsa dokotala. Zogulitsa sizimapereka zomwe zikufunidwa, ndipo mankhwala othandiza ayenera kuyikidwa pambuyo poti adokotala atha kumudziwa bwino. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma contraindication ndi zovuta, mankhwalawa amayenera kuperekedwa moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala muyezo wokhazikitsidwa ndi dokotala.

    Zotsatira za kunenepa kwambiri

    Ngati simuzindikira chomwe chimayambitsa kunenepa kwambiri pakapita nthawi ndikuyamba kuchiza kunenepa kwakanthawi, mavuto angawoneke. Kupewera kunenepa kwambiri muukalamba ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kuchitika kwa matenda komanso zikhalidwe monga:

    • matenda a mafupa ndi mafupa,
    • kuthamanga kwa magazi
    • matenda a chiwindi ndi ndulu
    • zosokoneza tulo
    • kukhumudwa
    • kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi,
    • mphumu
    • mavuto akudya,
    • matenda ashuga
    • matenda amtima
    • kumwalira koyambirira.

    Kulemera kumakhudza thanzi la wodwala komanso thanzi lake. Mafuta ochulukirapo thupi, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti thupi ligwirizane ndi ntchito zake. Njira zopumira, kugaya, kayendedwe ka magazi zimasokonekera, ntchito zaubongo zimachepetsedwa, matenda amtundu wamatumbo ndi vuto la kubereka zimawonekera.

    Zakudya za kunenepa

    Mukunenepa kwambiri, adotolo amatengera wodwalayo kwa wathanzi yemwe amaganizira zomwe amakonda mwana kapena wamkulu ndikupanga zakudya zatsopano. Kupewera kunenepa kwambiri mu achinyamata kuyenera kuphatikiza chinthu chamalingaliro chophatikizika ndi zoyambitsa zakuchipatala. Malangizo ofunikira kwambiri ndi othandiza ndi awa:

    • kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta, okazinga ndi zakudya zamafuta ambiri, zakudya zosavuta, koloko, zakudya zopezeka shuga,
    • kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opanga mkaka,
    • malinga ndi zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku ziyenera kukhala masamba ndi zipatso,
    • nyama ndi nsomba zimakonda mitundu yopanda mafuta, yoyesedwa, yophika kapena yophika,
    • zoletsa zakudya zamafuta ambiri,
    • muchepetse chakudya chamafuta (mkate, mpunga, shuga),
    • idyani nthawi yomweyo
    • muyenera kukhala ndi kadzutsa
    • sinthani zakumwa zilizonse ndi madzi oyera ndikumwa malita atatu patsiku.

    Ndikofunikira kugula zinthu zathanzi ndikuphika kunyumba. Ndi kukula kwa kunenepa kwambiri, malingaliro awa sangapereke zotsatira zabwino, adzafunika kuwunikira mosamalitsa ndi katswiri wa zakudya komanso zakudya zopatsa thanzi.

    Zochita zolimbitsa thupi kunenepa kwambiri

    Sinthani zotsatira za kadyedwe ka zakudya zololeza kulola zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi. Ndikofunikira kusankha masewera abwino kwambiri momwe thupi sangathere. Kupanda kutero, kudzakhala kovuta kudzilimbikitsira nokha m'makalasi. Masewera azikhala osangalatsa komanso opatsa mphamvu komanso yosangalatsa.

    Kupewera kunenepa kwambiri mwa ana kuyenera kuphatikizapo kuchepetsa nthawi yomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito kompyuta kapena TV kwa maola 1-2 tsiku lililonse. Nthawi yonse yomwe mukufunika kukhala okangalika, pitani kumakalabu azamasewera kapena mukazolowera kunyumba, ngakhale opanda kanthu kumakhala kutsuka nyumbayo, kuthamanga, kusambira kapena kulimbitsa thupi. Aliyense amasankha makalasi momwe akonda.

    Kunenepa kwambiri: chithandizo ndi kupewa

    Kunenepa kwambiri kumayenera kuchitika koyambirira. Zikatere, kutsatira zakudya, moyo wokangalika ndi kugona mokwanira muzitha kusintha matendawa ndikuthandizira mawonekedwe ofunikira m'thupi.Nthawi zina, mankhwala ochepetsa thupi kapena opareshoni angafunike pomwe amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa m'mimba.

    Popewa kukula kwa kunenepa kwambiri, muyenera kutsatira mfundo zazikulu zingapo:

    • samalani ndi chakudya chopatsa thanzi komanso osadya kuposa momwe mungafunikire kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito,
    • khalani ndi moyo wokangalika - ngati ntchitoyo ili kungokhala, ndiye kuti mu nthawi yanu yopuma muyenera kupita kumasewera, kuyenda mowonjezereka.
    • ndikofunikira kugona mokwanira komanso kupewa zinthu zovuta zomwe zingayambitse matenda a metabolic kapena endocrine.

    Kutsatira malamulo onse kumapewetsa kunenepa kwambiri. Zomwe zimapangitsa, kupewa komanso kuchiza kunenepa kwambiri kwamankhwala kuyenera kuyanjanitsidwa ndikuyang'ana kusintha moyo ndikubwerera ku voliyumu yam'mbuyomu.

    Kodi kunenepa kwambiri kwaubwana ndi chiyani?

    Chifukwa chake achichepere amatcha mkhalidwe momwe kulemera kwa thupi lawo kumakhala lokwanira mwa zikhalidwe zawo. Vutoli limayamba chifukwa chokhala phee, kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, zina zoyambitsa zamaganizidwe kapena kusokonekera kwa mahomoni. Anthu onenepa kwambiri kuyambira ali ana amakonda kukhala osabereka, myocardial infarction, ndi mtima ischemia.

    Zoyambitsa Kunenepa kwambiri mu Ana ndi Achinyamata

    Kuchuluka kwambiri kwa thupi kumatha kuchitika pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Kutengera ndi iwo, zinthu ziwiri zazikuluzikulu zimasiyanitsidwa:

    1. Makope. Pankhaniyi, kunenepa kwambiri kumachitika chifukwa chokhala phee komanso kudya mosayenera.
    2. Endocrine. Choopsa china. Ndi iyo, mavuto amalemu amabwera chifukwa cha metabolic syndrome, matenda am'mimba a adrenal, chithokomiro cha chithokomiro ndimimba m'mimba mwa atsikana.

    Ndi dokotala yekhayo amene angazindikire chifukwa chenicheni pamayeso, kukambirana ndi mwana ndi makolo ndi maphunziro ena. Kunenepa kwambiri mu achinyamata kumayamba chifukwa cha matenda a matenda monga:

    1. Khalidweli. Ichi sichiri chifukwa chofala kwambiri, chifukwa ngakhale ndi chibadwa chamunthu, chakudya chochulukirapo chofunikira kuti munthu achulukane.
    2. Kunenepa kwambiri. Izi zimaphatikizapo ana omwe amabadwa olemera kuposa 4 kg. Mtunduwu umapezeka mu 1% yokha mwa milandu.
    3. Kuphwanya zakudya. Chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa kulemera. Wodwala samadya nthawi yomweyo, ndipo zakudya zake zimakhala ndi zakudya zovulaza.
    4. Kulephera kuchita zolimbitsa thupi. Kunama nthawi yayitali masana, kukhala pamasewera, kuonera TV kapena kukhala pa kompyuta kumathandizira kuti munthu akhale wonenepa.
    5. Hypothyroidism Matendawa amachititsa kuti iodini azitha kuchepa thupi, zomwe zimayambitsa kusokonekera kwa endocrine. Izi zimapangitsa kuti thupi lizikula.
    6. Matenda opezeka. Osati zofunikira za chibadwa zokha zomwe zimatsogolera kulemera. Itha kuchitika motsutsana ndi maziko a:
    • meningitis
    • Prader-Willi matenda,
    • encephalitis
    • Matenda a Cohen
    • Ischenko-Cushing's syndrome,
    • zotupa za muubongo.

    Kulemera komanso tchati

    Ana 80% ali ndi digiri yoyamba komanso yachiwiri. Kuti mudziwe zamatsenga, muyenera kudziwa kulemera kwake ndendende. Kufunika kwa kulemera kwa thupi kumayerekezedwa ndi mawonekedwe abwinobwino, omwe amawonetsedwa patebulo la centile. Ili ndi zochulukirapo zingapo nthawi imodzi. Yoyamba ndiyo kulemera kwakukulu, kutengera zaka - kuyambira chaka chimodzi miyezi itatu mpaka zaka 17. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa kulemera kwakuthupi kwamthupi kumasonyezedwa, komwe kumatha kusintha popanda kuvulaza thanzi. Kuphatikiza pa kulemera, gome la centile lilinso ndi kukula kwapakatikati pa m'badwo uliwonse komanso magwiridwe antchito.

    Zizindikiro za Kunenepa kwambiri mu Unyamata

    Kunenepa kwambiri komanso sekondale mu achinyamata kuli ndi zizindikiro zingapo, komanso zizindikilo za mawonekedwe aliwonse. Yaikulu ikuwoneka ndi diso lamaliseche - awa ndi matupi akuluakulu amthupi chifukwa chamafuta ambiri, monga tikuonera pachithunzichi. Zizindikiro za kunenepa kwambiri mwa achinyamata ndi izi:

    • kupuma movutikira
    • kuthamanga kwa magazi
    • kusachita chidwi ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi,
    • mafuta amaikidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana a thupi.

    Zizindikiro za endocrine zimawoneka pakati pa zovuta ndi chithokomiro cha chithokomiro, thumba losunga mazira, ndi tiziwalo tamatumbo tamadontho. Zizindikiro zake:

    • kusadya bwino
    • matumba pansi pamaso
    • kufooka
    • kugona
    • kutopa
    • khungu lowuma
    • kusachita bwino kusukulu
    • kudzimbidwa.

    Ngati kunenepa kwambiri kumayendetsedwa ndi mutu, imatha kukhala chizindikiro cha chotupa. Potengera momwe mavutowa adawonera, zizindikiro zotsatirazi zitha kudziwika:

    • gynecomastia - kuwonjezeka kwa thumbo ta mammary mwa anyamata ndi atsikana,
    • galactorrhea - kutulutsidwa kwa mkaka ku tiziwalo ta mammary,
    • kuphwanya msambo wa kusamba kwa atsikana,
    • lg chitukuko nthawi ya kutha.

    Kuopsa kwa kunenepa kwambiri mwa mwana

    Kulemera kwambiri mwa mwana kumatha kuyambitsa matenda omwe siikhalidwe yaubwana. sikuti amangokulitsa moyo wabwino, komanso amachepetsa kutalika kwake. Pachifukwa ichi, kunenepa kwambiri mu achinyamata kumawerengedwa kuti ndi njira yoopsa. Zitha kuyambitsa mavuto okhala ndi ziwalo zosiyanasiyana. Kunenepa kwambiri mwa atsikana kumayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa msambo. Chifukwa chakuchepa kwa milingo ya progesterone, mavuto am'mimba akhoza kuyamba mtsogolo.

    Zotsatira ndi zovuta

    Osangokhala thupi lokha, komanso thanzi lam'mutu limakhala ndi kulemera kwambiri. Kunamizira anzawo, kusakhutira ndi zomwe umakumana nazo nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kupsinjika kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe zimangokulitsa vutoli ndikupangitsa kudzipatula pagulu. Achinyamata ambiri amakhala ndi phazi lophwanyika, kukhala wokhazikika, scoliosis ndi arthrosis. Kuphatikiza pa izi ma pathologies ndi kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro, mafuta owonjezera amthupi amachititsa:

    1. Matenda a mtima. Hypertension, atherosulinosis, kulephera kwamtima kosatha, angina pectoris amadziwika pano.
    2. Masoka amafupa ndi mafupa. Izi zimaphatikizapo kufooka kwa mafupa, phazi lathyathyathya, kupweteka kwaphatikizidwa.
    3. Matenda a Endocrine. Vuto lakusowa kwa insulin, mitundu yachiwiri ya matenda ashuga imayamba.
    4. Matenda ogaya. Mu gululi, kudzimbidwa pafupipafupi, cholecystitis (kutupika kwa ndulu), kapamba (kutupa kwa kapamba). Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'chiwindi, lipid hepatosis imayamba.
    5. Matenda amisala. Mavuto omwe ali mgawoli ndi kusokonezeka kwa tulo, matenda obanika kugona (kupuma movutikira), komanso kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro.

    Kutolere chidziwitso cha makanda

    Kuti adziwe zomwe zimayambitsa vuto la kunenepa kwambiri, adokotala amayamba ndi mayeso. Amafunsa makolo za zakudya. Ponena za akhanda, katswiri amafunika kudziwa njira yodyetsera mpaka chaka chimodzi. About ana okalamba, adotolo ayenera kudziwa za thanzi lawo, machitidwe olimbitsa thupi, kuchuluka kwa thupi komanso kupezeka kwa matenda okhalitsa.

    Kuyeza kwa deta ya anthropometric ndi kuwerengera BMI

    Kuti muwerenge BMI, muyenera kuyeza kulemera kwa thupi ndi kutalika. Mtengo woyamba umatengedwa m'mililogalamu, wachiwiri - m. Kutalika kwa fomuloli kuyenera kukhala mbali ziwiri. Chotsatira, mtengo uwu umayenera kugawidwa ndi kulemera kwa thupi pama kilogalamu. Makulidwe amtundu wa BMI amawoneka motere - kulemera (kg) / kutalika kwamtundu (sq.m). Ngati muyerekeza BMI yowerengedwa komanso zofunikira, mutha kudziwa kukhalapo kwa kunenepa kwambiri mwa achinyamata:

    Bioelectric kukana

    Iyi ndi njira ya bio-impedance, yomwe ndi muyeso wa makulidwe amkati mwa khungu pokhudzana ndi minofu ya adipose. Ndilo gawo la zosagonjetseka komanso zosavuta kwambiri. Njira yokhayo imachokera ku mfundo yoti masisitimu osiyanasiyana amthupi mwanjira zawo amatha kuyendetsa magetsi ofooka. Panthawi ya njirayi, kuchuluka kwa madzi kumawerengeredwa mwachindunji, pomwe mafuta amatsimikiziridwa osakhudzika. Mitengo yofunikira yodziwira ndi 95 centiles.

    Laborator diagnostics ndi kufufuza kwa hardware

    Kuti adziwe zoyambitsa vuto la kunenepa kwambiri mwa achinyamata, adotolo amatumiza maphunziro ena othandizirapo. Mndandanda wawo ukuphatikiza zotsatirazi:

    1. Kuyesa kwamwazi wamagazi. Zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga, cholesterol ndi triglycerides, kuchuluka kwake komwe kumakulitsa chiopsezo cha matenda ashuga ndi atherosulinosis. Akatsimikiza mapuloteni, katswiri amatha kupanga lingaliro lazokhudza chiwindi.
    2. Kuyesa kwa magazi ndi mkodzo kwa mahomoni. Adafotokozedwa ndi dokotala pazochitika zokayikitsa za endocrine monga kuchuluka kwambiri kwa thupi. Pankhani ya kobadwa nako hypothyroidism m'magazi, kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro kumapezeka.
    3. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ndi complication tomography (CT). Njirazi ndizofunikira ngati mukukayikira kupezeka kwa chida cha chotupa mu chotupa ndi matenda ena.

    Mankhwala

    Ndikofunikira kuphunzira za contraindication ndi zotsatira zoyipa musanagwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa, chifukwa mankhwala ambiri saloledwa kwa achinyamata. Ndi dokotala yekhayo amene amapereka mankhwala ena. Kutengera ndi digiri yomwe mungathe kuyika:

    • Orlistat - kuloledwa kuyambira azaka 12,
    • Metformin - wogwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira zaka 10,
    • Phentermine - Kuopsa kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi
    • Fluoxetine - akuwonetsa ngati pali ziphuphu zakumwa usiku ndi bulimia.

    Thandizo pamaganizidwe

    Achinyamata amasiyanitsidwa chifukwa chakuti akukhala munthawi ino, chifukwa chake zomwe zikuchitika tsopano ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa iwo. Muzochitika zotere, sikoyenera kufotokoza momwe kunenepa kwa achinyamata kungakhudzire moyo wawo wamtsogolo, patatha pafupifupi zaka 10. Ndikwabwino kudziwa mbali zoyipa za kunenepa kwambiri popatsa mwana zovuta zina. Pali maupangiri ochepa osavuta omwe angapatse mwana chithandizo chamalingaliro:

    • pangani mndandanda wamalonda limodzi, onjezani zofunikira zokhazokha pamenepo,
    • sangalalani ndi mawu akuti "" kulemera kwanu kukhale kwakukulu kuposa momwe ziliri tsopano, koma tikuyesetsa kuthana ndi vutoli ndipo titha kupirira ",
    • Fotokozani kuti kusewera masewera si ntchito, koma mwayi wina wosangalala ndi moyo, kuti mutha kusankha zomwe amakonda,
    • Fotokozani kuti kunyozedwa ndi anzanu sikuyenera kukhala kwakhumudwitsa, chifukwa chofunikira kwambiri ndi momwe munthu amadzidziwira yekha, osati malingaliro a ena, zomwe sizowonetsedwa mwachisawawa, koma mwa nkhanza
    • Dziwani zambiri zamagetsi zamagetsi m'moyo wa mwana, fotokozerani kuti kukhala kumbuyo kwawo kwanthawi yayitali kumavulaza thanzi, ndipo kuchita zinthu zomwezi nthawi yayitali kumachepetsa chisangalalo cha masewera.

    Kupewa matenda

    Njira zopewera kunenepa kwambiri mu achinyamata zimakhala zofanana ndendende ndi chithandizo chake. Njira zazikulu ndi kudya komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Ndikofunikira kuyambira ndili mwana kuti mwana azolowere zakudya zabwino kuti kuyambira ali mwana azitha kuzisunga. Kuyenda kwamasiku onse mumlengalenga watsopano, masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena masewera ayenera kukhala mumasiku a ana onse. Kupewera kunenepa kwambiri mwa ana kumakhalanso ndi kuwongolera zakukhosi, makamaka muunyamata. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kukambirana pafupipafupi ndi mwana, kukhala ndi chidwi ndi moyo wake komanso mavuto ake.

    Kunenepa kwambiri mu ana ndi achinyamata: chithunzi, chithandizo ndi kupewa mavuto. Kunenepa kwambiri mu achinyamata ndi ana: zoyambitsa ndi chithandizo

    - matenda kagayidwe kachakudya, limodzi ndi kuchuluka kwa adipose minofu m'thupi. Kunenepa kwambiri mwa ana kuwonetsedwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa thupi ndikuwonetseratu kukula kwa kudzimbidwa, cholecystitis, ochepa matenda oopsa, dyslipidemia, insulin kukana, matenda obanika, arthrosis, mapazi phokoso, kugona tulo, bulimia, matenda a anorexia, zina. kulemera kwa thupi, BMI ndikuwonetsa zambiri pazowonjezera pazofunikira (malinga ndi matebulo a centile). Chithandizo cha kunenepa kwambiri mwa ana chimaphatikizapo chithandizo cha zakudya, zomveka zolimbitsa thupi, psychotherapy.

    Nthawi zina mbiri ya ana imawonetsa kulumikizana pakati pa kunenepa kwambiri ndi zochitika zakunja zakumaso: kuvomerezedwa kusukulu, ngozi, kufa kwa achibale, ndi zina zambiri.

    Zizindikiro za kunenepa kwambiri mwa ana

    Chizindikiro chachikulu cha kunenepa kwambiri mwa ana ndikuwonjezeranso kwa wosanjikiza wamafuta onenepa. Mu ana aang'ono, zizindikiro za kunenepa kwambiri zimatha kukhala zopanda ntchito, kuzengereza kwa mapangidwe a luso la magalimoto, chizimbudzi, kudzimbidwa, ndi matenda opatsirana.

    Ndi kunenepa kwambiri kwa ana, ana amakhala ndi mafuta owonjezera pamimba, m'chiuno, m'chifuwa, pachifuwa, kumbuyo, kumaso, kumtunda miyendo. Pazaka za sukulu, ana otere amakhala ndi kupuma movutikira, amachepetsa kuleza mtima, komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi. Mwa kutha msambo, kotala la ana amapezeka ndi metabolic syndrome, yodziwika ndi kunenepa kwambiri, matenda oopsa, insulin kukana ndi dyslipidemia. Poyerekeza ndi kunenepa kwambiri, ana nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi matenda a uric acid ndi dysmetabolic nephropathy.

    Kunenepa kwambiri kwa ana kumachitika motsutsana ndi matenda omwe akuwatsogolera ndipo amaphatikizidwa ndi zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa. Chifukwa chake, ndi zoberekera zakubadwa, ana amayamba kugwirira mitu yawo mochedwa, kukhala ndikuyenda, nthawi yawo yopumira imasinthidwa. Hypothyroidism wopezeka nthawi zambiri amakula msambo chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa ayodini. Potere, kuwonjezera pa kunenepa kwambiri, ana amakhala ndi kutopa, kufooka, kugona, kuchepa kwa sukulu, khungu lowuma, kusamba kwa msambo kwa atsikana.

    Zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi kunenepa kwambiri kwa Cushingoid (ali ndi matenda a Itsenko-Cushing mu ana) ndi mafuta am'mimba, nkhope ndi khosi, pomwe miyendo imakhala yopyapyala. Mu atsikana omwe akutha msinkhu, amenorrhea ndi hirsutism amawonedwa.

    Kuphatikizidwa kwa kunenepa kwambiri kwa ana omwe ali ndi kukulitsidwa kwa m'mawere (gynecomastia), galactorrhea, kupweteka kwa mutu, dysmenorrhea mwa atsikana kungasonyeze kukhalapo kwa prolactinoma.

    Ngati, kuphatikiza kunenepa kwambiri, mtsikanayo ali ndi nkhawa ndi khungu la mafuta, ziphuphu zakumaso, kukula kwambiri kwa tsitsi, kusamba kwa msambo, ndiye kuti mwina titha kuganiza kuti ali ndi polycystic ovary syndrome. Mwa anyamata omwe ali ndi adiposogenital dystrophy, kunenepa kwambiri, cryptorchidism, gynecomastia, kufalikira kwa mbolo ndi chikhalidwe chachiwiri cha kugonana chimachitika, mwa atsikana - kusamba kwa msambo.

    Zoyambitsa Kunenepa kwambiri Ana

    Chifukwa chachikulu chakuwonekera kwa kunenepa kwambiri muubwana kumawonedwa ngati mopambanitsa. Umu ndi mtundu woyamba wa kunenepa kwambiri. Kukhazikika kwa kunenepa kwambiri pankhaniyi ndi cholocha. Zolakwika m'zakudya zimayambitsa kunenepa kwambiri: kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya chofulumira, mafuta ndi zakudya yokazinga, zakumwa zamtundu wokoma, ndi shuga. Mtundu uwu wa kunenepa kwambiri suyenda ndi zovuta mthupi.

    Nthawi zambiri, ndikukhala ndi moyo wathanzi, kunenepa kwambiri sikuyenda, mwa ana, pofika zaka 10, kulemerako kumabweza pang'onopang'ono. Mu 25-30% peresenti yokha ya anthu onenepa kwambiri yomwe imapitilira unyamata. Njira yachiwiri ya kunenepa imachitika chifukwa cha matenda osiyanasiyana, obadwa nawo komanso otenga, mwachitsanzo, omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo kapena zonyansa pantchito ndi dongosolo la endocrine.

    Mphamvu ya kunenepa kwambiri mthupi la mwana

    Ana onenepa kwambiri sangathe kulimbana ndi zinthu zolimbitsa thupi, kuchita masewera osiyanasiyana, kusewera masewera akunja. Mkhalidwe waumoyo pang'onopang'ono ukuchepa. Mwa ana, maofesi ogwirizana ndi kunenepa kwambiri amawonekera. Sizovuta kwa ana oterowo kusukulu: amasekedwa ndi anzawo, safuna kucheza nawo.

    Pali magawo anayi a kunenepa:

    • Ndili ndi kunenepa kwambiri - kulemera kwa thupi la mwana kumachulukirachulukirapo pofika 15-25%,
    • II kunenepa kwambiri - kulemera kwa thupi la mwana kumachulukitsa bwino mwa 25-55%,
    • Kukula kwa degree ya III - 50-100% onenepa kwambiri wabwinobwino thupi,
    • IV degree kunenepa - zopitilira 100% yanenepa thupi.

    Kuchuluka kwa kunenepa kwambiri, kulimba mtima kwa mayendedwe amwana ndi zovuta zake zafotokozedwa. Mwa ana onenepa kwambiri, msana umakhala wotseguka, minofu yam'mimba imakhala yofooka kwambiri, miyendo imakhala ngati mawonekedwe a X, miyendo yopyapyala imawoneka. Ana otere amatuluka thukuta. Zotsatira zake, mwana amakhala ndi zotupa pa khungu, khungu, khungu limayamba kusokonezeka ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'thupi kumabweretsa kutha msanga kwa atsikana. Mwa ana onenepa kwambiri, mafupa amatopa msanga, matendawa amawonekera adakali aang'ono.

    Gulu lomwe limayambitsa kunenepa limaphatikizapo ana:

    Momwe makolo amakhala onenepa kwambiri: kholo limodzi litavutikiratu, mwayi wokhala wonenepa kwambiri mwa mwana ukuwonjezeka ka 2, ngati makolo onse awiri - mwa kangapo kasanu,

    - makolo kapena abale apafupi ndi magazi ali ndi zonyansa mu endocrine system kapena matenda a shuga,

    Omwe amasinthidwa kukhala zakudya zamagetsi, makamaka ngati osakaniza ndiopatsa mphamvu,

    Ana oyamba kubadwa asanakwane ndi makanda onenepa

    Ndi kobadwa nako matenda a endocrine dongosolo.

    Chithandizo cha kunenepa kwambiri mwa ana a 8, 9, 10, 11, 12

    Kusankhidwa kwa zakudya komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi zimadalira kuchuluka kwa kunenepa kwambiri. Kunenepa kwambiri sikumafunikira kuchipatala. Ndikokwanira kuwonjezera masewera olimbitsa thupi, kuchepetsa kukhala pa kompyuta mpaka maola awiri pa tsiku ndikuwonjezera zakudya. Kulemera kwa mwanayo pang'onopang'ono kudzakhala kwabwino.

    Gawo lachiwiri la kunenepa kwambiri likufunika kukonzanso bwino zakudya. M'pofunika kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta oyengeka munthawi yophika ndikuchepetsa chakudya chama calorie chifukwa cha chakudya. Mofanananso ndi izi, mwana ayenera kukhala wakhama.

    Gawo lachitatu ndi lachinayi la kunenepa kwambiri likufunika chithandizo kuchipatala. Mwana ayenera kudya zochepa. Ndi kuletsa kwambiri kumatanthauza zakudya zopatsa thanzi: m'magawo ang'onoang'ono mpaka 6 pa tsiku. Poterepa, okhawo omwe amadyetsa zakudya zamagulu omwe amapanga ndi kusintha zakudya za ana. Mankhwala ndi zowonjezera zakudya zomwe zimapangidwa kuti muchepetse kulemera sikulembedwera ana osakwana zaka 15. Chithandizo cha opareshoni sichigwiritsidwanso ntchito.

    Momwe mungasankhire zakudya za thupi la mwana kunenepa kwambiri?

    Zakudya zamagulu onse ndizowopsa kwa chamoyo chomera. Ana omwe onenepa kwambiri amadya kwambiri, chifukwa chake zimakhala zovuta kuti mwana asankhe menyu. Poyamba, zizolowezi zakale komanso malingaliro okopa zimagwira ntchito. Mkhalidwe waukulu wa kuwonda bwino ana a zaka zapakati pa 8 ndi 12 ndi kusintha kwa banja lonse kukhala ndi chakudya choyenera. Zakudya siziyenera kukhala zathanzi zokha, komanso zokoma, apo ayi mwanayo angakane kudya.

    Mwanayo ayenera kuzolowera kudya masamba ndi zipatso zatsopano. Ana amakonda kudya zakudya zabwino. Pazosankha, mutha kusankha masamba omwe ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mithunzi, saladi zamkati ndi mafuta a azitona. Mbale imayenera kuwoneka yosangalatsa, chifukwa chofuna kuyesanso. Ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito misuzi yamasitolo, ali ndi shuga ndi chitetezo chochuluka.

    Zakudya zomalizidwa pamalungo a ana a chubby ndizovomerezeka koma ndi mafuta ochulukirapo, monga nsomba, zinziri kapena nkhuku. Zogulitsa zoterezi sizingakhale zokazinga, ndibwino kuwapukuta ndi mafuta ochepa. Gwiritsani ntchito zinthu zomwe zili ndi wowuma mumenyu: mbatata, mpunga, mbewu zina. Chulukitsani pasitala ndi mkate. Zonunkhira ndi mchere zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazochepa. Kuchuluka kwa mchere sikuyenera kupitirira 10 g pa tsiku.

    Chithandizo cha zakudya ziyenera kuchitidwa mosalekeza komanso motsatizana. Zakudya ziyenera kusinthidwa. Ndikofunikira kupatula kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya kumapeto ndi usiku, kupatula kudya kwambiri, makamaka madzulo. Ndikofunikanso kupatula kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opangira confectionery ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga.Mbatata ndi chimanga monga mbale yam'mbali ziyenera kuchepetsedwa kukhala 2/3 servings. Gawo lotsalalo limaphatikizidwa bwino ndi masamba ndi zipatso zopanda zipatso.

    Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe siziyenera kuphatikizidwa?

    Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti musazolowere mwana kuletsa zakudya kuyambira ubwana, popeza mapangidwe ake azakudya ndi njira zomwe amadya zimayikidwa munthawi imeneyi. Mukunenepa kwambiri, zotsatirazi siziyenera kuphatikizidwa:

    • zakumwa zotsekemera, makamaka zopangidwa ndimapangidwe,
    • ma cookie, ayisikilimu, maswiti, makeke,
    • kumwa madzi osapitirira 1 litre patsiku (30 ml pa kilogalamu imodzi ya kulemera kwa mwana),
    • zogulitsa zothira pakompyuta,
    • mkaka wa kalori wapamwamba kapena zakudya zapamwamba za yogati,
    • kuchepetsa kudya kwanu dzira
    • mayonesi ndi zokometsera zokometsera,
    • mafuta amafuta
    • zakudya zokazinga.

    Kupewa Kunenepa kwambiri

    Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mwana amalandira momwe makolo ake amadya. Zakudya zamoyo zomwe zikukula ziyenera kuphatikizapo zamphesa, msuzi, nyama, nsomba, mkaka, zipatso zopatsidwa, masamba, zipatso, zinthu zophika buledi. Ntchito ya makolo ndikugawana mwachindunji pazinthu zina. Chakudya cham'mawa, nkhomaliro ndi chakudya chamadzulo ziyenera kukhala zodzaza. Milandu siyenera kuloledwa kuti mwana apite kusukulu ndipo asadye chakudya cham'mawa.

    Chakudya cha Mwana - Zakudya

    Kudya mwa mwana wazaka 8-12 kuyenera kugawidwa muzakudya zinayi. Chakudya cham'mawa choyamba ndi 25-30% yazakudya zonse. Chakudya cham'mawa chachiwiri chimaphatikizapo 10-15%, chakudya chamasana - 40-45%, chakudya chamadzulo - 15-20% ya zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku. Chakudya cham'mawa komanso chamasana, ndikofunikira kuphika mbale zokhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri (mazira, nyama, nsomba), komanso zakudya zamagulu omwera, zakudya zamasamba, mkaka ndizoyenera. Kuphatikiza kwa mapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya kunayenera kukhala 1: 1: 3 (kapena mpaka 4).

    Kuchuluka kwa zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku ndi kwa ana pa zaka 3-7 zaka - 1400-800 g kwa ana asukulu Zaka 7-11 zakubadwa - 2100-2300 g mwa achinyamata Zaka 11-15 - 2400-2700 g . Mukamapanga zakudya, zakudya ziyenera kuganiziridwanso panthawi ya sukulu. Ophunzira achichepere (azaka 7 - 7) ayenera kukhala ndi nthawi yopuma yopumira kusukulu kusinthidwe koyamba, ndi masitepe athunthu masana posinthira kwachiwiri (zaka 10 mpaka 14). Kufunikira kwa kalori tsiku ndi tsiku kwa ana a zaka zapakati pa 5-8 ndi pafupifupi 2000-2400 kcal, wazaka 8-12 - 2400-2800 kcal, kwa achinyamata osakwana zaka 16 - mpaka 3000 kcal.

    Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti munthu sangathe kusintha chinthu china ndikupanga china. Izi ndichifukwa choti chinthu chilichonse chimakhala ndi mavitamini ndi michere yambiri. Masamba ndi zipatso, mbale za nyama zimakhala ndi mitundu yawo yapadera ya ma amino acid, ena omwe sapezeka mu malonda ena.

    1. Kunenepa kwambiri. Amayamba chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi kapena kuti anatengera kwa makolo athu. Komanso, sikuti kunenepa pakokha kumatulutsidwa ndi cholowa, koma mavuto obwera ndi thupi. Ngati mayi wapezeka ndi kunenepa kwambiri, ndiye kuti mu 50% ya milandu, mavutowa amapita kwa mwana. Ngati abambo ali ndi 38%, onse ali ndi 80%.
    2. Kunenepa kwambiri. Zimayambitsidwa ndi matenda omwe adapezeka, mwachitsanzo, dongosolo la endocrine.

    Gawani ana 4

    • I degree (kulemera kumapitilira muyeso ndi 15-24%),
    • Digiri yachiwiri (kulemera kwakukulu kuposa 25 259%),
    • Digiri ya III (kulemera kuposa zomwe zimachitika ndi 50-99%),
    • Digiri ya IV (kulemera kuposa koyenera kuposa 100%).


    Mu 80% ya omwe amayamba kunenepa kwambiri, ine ndi madigiri II timapezeka. Kukhalapo kwa kulemera pang'ono kwa mwana, monga lamulo, sikuyambitsa nkhawa iliyonse mwa makolo. Nthawi zambiri, amasangalala ndi chidwi chofuna kudya cha mwana, ndipo amathandizira odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu, nkumawatsutsa kuti "amamva bwino."

    Ngati chakudyacho sichitsatiridwa pa gawo loyamba la kunenepa kwambiri, ndiye kuti matendawa akupitilizabe kupita patsogolo ndipo akudutsa mu digiri ya II. Kupuma pang'ono kumawonekera, thukuta kwambiri, mwana amayamba kuyenda pang'onopang'ono ndipo nthawi zambiri amawonetsa kusinthasintha. Komabe, pano makolo sakhala ofunikira kuchitira mwana wawo. Matendawa akupitiliza kukula. Ngati chakudyacho chikhoza kukonza zomwe zili m'magawo awiri oyambilira, ndiye kuti muzochita zotsatirazi zonse ndizovuta.

    Ngati kulemera kwa mwana kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa 50% kuposa zocheperako, ndiye kuti kunenepa kwambiri kwa digiri ya III kumadziwika. Pakadali pano, kulumikizana kwa miyendo kumayamba kupweteketsa unyamata, kupanikizika kumakula, ndipo kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumasinthasintha. Mwanayo mwiniyo amakhala wosakwiya, maonekedwe amawoneka, zomwe zimayambitsa kukhumudwa. Izi zimakulirakulira ndikunyozedwa ndi anzanu. Ndi nthawi imeneyi pamene makolo amayamba kuchita zina. Komabe, zakudya wamba sizingathetse vuto la kuchuluka kotere.

    Mu masukulu aana ndi achinyamata

    Ndi chiyambi cha moyo wa sukulu, ana amayamba kuyenda pang'ono, ndipo ndi ndalama za m'thumba mugule bun, chokoleti ndi zakudya zina zopatsa mphamvu kwambiri. Onjezani kwa izi zovuta zomwe ana asukulu amakumana nazo m'malo achilendo kwa iwo, ndipo zifukwa zowonjezera zimawonekera.
    Kunenepa kwambiri kwa ana ndi achinyamata nthawi zambiri kumayamba chifukwa cha:

    • Kusowa tulo
    • Ambiri amangokhala
    • Kuperewera kwa zakudya
    • Kusintha kwa mahomoni m'thupi (kutha msinkhu),
    • Mwa kupsinjika.

    Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti kunenepa kwambiri kwa achinyamata nthawi zambiri kumakula.

    Kuzindikira kunenepa kwambiri mu ana asukulu ndi achinyamata, monga ana osakwanitsa zaka zitatu, kumayamba ndi mbiri yachipatala. Msinkhu, kulemera, chifuwa, chiuno ndi m'chiuno zimayezedwa, BMI imawerengeredwa. Pogwiritsa ntchito matebulo apadera a centile, ubale wa magawo awa umatsatiridwa ndipo kuwunika koyenera kumapangidwa.

    Kukhazikitsa chomwe chimayambitsa kunenepa kwambiri mwa ana

    • magazi a biochemistry, omwe amasankha kuchuluka kwa shuga, cholesterol ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha zovuta kunenepa kwambiri. Ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga, owonjezera amayesedwa.
    • Kuyesa kwa magazi ndi mkodzo kwa mahomoni kuti mudziwe matenda a endocrine.
    • Kuyerekezera kapena maginito a resonance poganiza kuti matenda atchire amakayikira.

    Kuphatikiza pa dokotala wa ana komanso othandizira odwala, mungafunike kudutsa mu endocrinologist, neurologist, gastroenterologist ndi madokotala ena. Zonse zimatengera matenda owonjezera omwe muyenera kuwachiritsa.

    Zochizira

    Ngati mukuwona kuti mwana wanu wonenepa kwambiri, muyenera kufunsa katswiri wazakudya. Mwambiri mwina adzafunikira zakudya zapadera zokha. Kunenepa kwambiri koyambirira kumakhala kosavuta kuchitira. Ngati kunenepa kwambiri kwadutsa kale muyezo wa III kapena IV, ndiye muyenera kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu.

    Choyamba, chithandizo cha kunenepa kwambiri mwa ana chimafunikira kukonza.

    Chakudyacho chimaphatikizapo:

    • 1 kutumiza kukula
    • Kutsatira ndi boma la chakudya chisanu patsiku (makamaka banja lonse). Pankhaniyi, chakudya chamadzulo sichikhala mochedwa kuposa maola atatu asanagone.
    • Kuchotsa zakumwa za shopu zotsekemera ndi madzi,
    • Kuphatikizidwa muzakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku za zipatso, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba (za shuga, zipatso zotsekemera siziyenera kuphatikizidwa),
    • Kuchotsera chakudya chamafuta, nsomba,
    • Madzi okwanira
    • Kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta "othamanga": zopangidwa ndi ufa, pasitala,
    • Kuchepetsa kumwa kwa maswiti (kuchokera maswiti, kupatsa mwana wanu uchi, zipatso zouma, mararmade, marshmallows ndi chokoleti chamdima), ndipo kwa odwala matenda ashuga, zakudya zomwe zili ndi shuga siziyenera kuphatikizidwa ndizokwanira kwambiri,
    • Chepetsa mchere wambiri, kupatula masamba osankhidwa ndi zakudya.
    • Chotsani chakudya chofulumira, tchipisi, zodyera ndi zina zambiri.

    Munthawi imeneyi, mwana amakwiriridwa pachakudya chilichonse, kutanthauzanso. Popeza amangokulitsa nthawi yamatendawa. Mu boma la tsikulo muyenera kuphatikizapo kuyenda, kukhala osachepera mphindi 30, komanso kusewera masewera katatu pa sabata. M'mawa ndikofunikira kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

    Mankhwala, komanso apadera, amangoperekedwa ndi dokotala.

    Kunenepa kwambiri kwa ana masiku ano ndi vuto lofala. Ana 5.5% ndi onenepa kwambiri ndipo ana 11.8% ndi onenepa kwambiri, ndipo mwa achinyamata ndi 15% ndi 25%, motsatana. M'madera akumidzi, ana onenepa kwambiri amakhala ochepa nthawi 1.5 poyerekeza ndi mzinda. Pafupifupi kotala la anthu achikulire padziko lonse lapansi ndi onenepa kwambiri. Maperesentiwa amawonjezeka pachaka.Chifukwa chiyani? Ndipo kumenya bwanji? Tiyeni tilingalire limodzi.

    Kunenepa kwambiri ndi komwe kumayambitsa pafupifupi theka la anthu odwala matenda ashuga, magawo anayi a matenda a mtima komanso zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ena akulu, kuphatikiza oncology.

    Kunenepa kwambiri ndi matenda omwe amadziwika ndi zovuta za metabolic. Mukunenepa kwambiri, mphamvu zambiri zimalowetsedwa m'thupi ndi chakudya kuposa momwe zimatha kudya. Zowonjezera zimasungidwa m'thupi monga mafuta.

    1. Zinthu zachilengedwe

    M'masiku amakono, izi zimapangitsa kuti kunenepa kwambiri kuyambe.

    • M'mbuyomu kudyetsa kumene kumachitika pafupifupi kumachulukitsa kawirikawiri kunenepa kwambiri m'tsogolo. Zakudya zikhalidwe ndi miyambo, kudya zakudya zopatsa mphamvu kwambiri komanso zopatsa mphamvu, kudya mwachangu, chizolowezi kudya madzulo komanso usiku.
    • Zochita zolimbitsa thupi.

    Mitundu yodziwika kwambiri ya kunenepa kwambiri mwa ana

    • Kunenepa kwambiri kosavuta chifukwa cha zinthu zachilengedwe.
    • Kunenepa kwambiri kwa dziko lapansi chifukwa cha kuphatikiza kwa zinthu zachilengedwe komanso chikhalidwe chobadwa nacho.

    Mu magawo oyamba a kunenepa kotere kwa ana, nthawi zambiri, kupatuka pantchito ya ziwalo zamkati ndi kachitidwe sikupezeka. Ndi II komanso madigiri a kunenepa kwambiri, amawonekera.

    Ana ali ndi mitundu ina ya kunenepa kwambiri - ubongo, hypothalamic, endocrine. Pano, kunenepa kwambiri ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro za matenda oyamba omwe amafunikira kuzindikirika kuti apereke mankhwala oyenera kwa mwana.

    Ndi kunenepa kwambiri

    Pulogalamu yochepetsera thupi yomwe imapangidwa ndi endocrinologist, pamodzi ndi makolo ndi odwala, ndiyoyenera kwa achinyamata okha omwe samakulanso kutalika. Monga lamulo, wamkulu kuposa zaka 15-16.

    Kwa ana omwe akupitilizabe kukula, pulogalamu imapangidwa kuti isungire kulemera koyambirira kwa thupi, chifukwa ngati mwana akukula, koma thupi lake silikula, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi lake kumachepa.

    Kuti muchepetse kapena muchepetse thupi pang'ono, chakudya No. 8 chimayikidwa. Kalori kudya 1900 kcal. Zakudya zama kalori apamwamba sizimayikidwa pazakudya, koma muchepetse, muchepetse kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe zili ndi zakudya zopatsa mphamvu mu chakudya, ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zakudya zama calorie otsika.

    Ndi III-IV digiri ya kunenepa kwambiri

    Kwa ana omwe ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri kwa III-IV, kuchepa thupi kwa 500 g pa sabata kumawoneka kotetezeka, kwa achinyamata ndi akulu - 1600 g pa sabata.

    Pano amagwiritsa ntchito tebulo 8B yokhala ndi calorie ya 1500 kcal, chotsani zakudya zapamwamba komanso zapakatikati, siyani zakudya zomwe zili ndi zopatsa mphamvu zochepa.

    Nthawi zina, gwiritsani ntchito tebulo la 8O, lokhala ndi zopatsa mphamvu za 500-600 kcal patsiku. Zakudya zopatsa mphamvu zochepa zokha zomwe zimakhala zotsala muzakudya izi ndipo kuchuluka kwake ndizochepa.

    Zochita zolimbitsa thupi

    Zochita zolimbitsa thupi kwa mwana wa sukulu yoyambirira komanso mwana wasukulu komanso wachinyamata zimatenga ola limodzi patsiku, kuposa ola limodzi ndilolandiridwa.

    Masewera omwe akuwonetsedwa kwambiri kwa ana onenepa kwambiri ndi kusambira ndi aerobics yamadzi. Kuyenda mothamanga kwambiri, kuthamanga, kuyendetsa njinga, kuloleza kumaloledwa.

    Kudumphadumpha ndikulumpha sikuloledwa: nkhonya, wrestling, acrobatics, aerobics.

    Mankhwala ochepetsa kudya, amachepetsa kuyamwa kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana m'mimba ndipo matumbo mwa ana amagwiritsidwa ntchito kokha ndi kunenepa kwambiri, kuchipatala, moyang'aniridwa ndi madokotala.

    Kuwona

    Mwana wa wodwala wonenepa amawonekera ndi endocrinologist ndi dokotala wa ana, choyamba miyezi itatu iliyonse, ngati nkotheka kuchepetsa bwino thupi, miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse. Chaka chilichonse, mwana amayesedwa pamwambapa.

    Zonsezi ndizokhudza kunenepa kwambiri mwa ana. Ndikufuna kuti muchepetse thupi!

    Kunenepa kwambiri ndi imodzi mwazovuta kwambiri padziko lapansi zomwe sizikutaya kufunika kwake.

    Ngati kunenepa kwambiri kunkachitika makamaka mwa achikulire, tsopano madokotala akuwazindikira kwambiri vutoli mwa ana. Kuti muyambe kulimbana ndi matendawa, muyenera kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa.

    Ndi kuchuluka kwa kunenepa kwambiri kwa ana komwe kulipo, Zizindikiro ndi kufotokoza kwa matenda a 1, 2, 3, 4 ndi 4th, komanso momwe angawerengere mndandanda wamankhwala a mwana kuyambira wazaka 1 mpaka 10 mpaka kupezekanso pobwereza.

    Kufotokozera kwa matendawa, zomwe zimayambitsa

    Kunenepa kwambiri ndi matenda ena okhalitsa. Amadziwika ndi kuphwanya njira za metabolic, zomwe zimapangitsa kudzikundikira kwa mafuta m'thupi.

    Kunenepa kwambiri ndi kowopsa kwa ana: kumatha kuyambitsa matenda am'mimba, mtima, endocrine gland.

    Mutha kuchiritsa mwana, koma matendawa ndi othandizika. Madokotala amalimbikitsa kuti azisamalira zakudya, ndikuwunika moyo wakhanda. Ndikofunikira kuti azichita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse, kugona mokwanira.

    Nthawi zina, mankhwala okhala ndi matenda osokoneza bongo amathandizira kulimbana ndi matendawa.

    • Kudziletsa.
    • Kagayidwe kachakudya.
    • Zakudya zopanda pake, kumwa mafuta, zakudya zopanda pake.
    • Kulephera kuchita zolimbitsa thupi.
    • Matenda a Neuroendocrine.
    • Njira zolakwika za tsiku ndi tsiku.
    • Kusowa tulo pafupipafupi.
    • Chromosomal ndi ma gennd syndromes ena.
    • Hemoblastosis

    Izi zimapangitsa kuti ana azikula kwambiri. Kuti muchiritse mwana, ndikofunikira kuzindikira chomwe chimayambitsa. Kenako ndizotheka kuchepetsa kulemera ndikukhalabe ndi zotsatira zomwe mwapeza.

    Hypothalamic

    Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zamatendawa ndikukhazikika kwamphamvu kwamafuta. Mafuta Owonjezera Amawoneka Mwachangu , Nthawi zambiri imasungidwa pamimba, m'chiuno, matako.

    Chimawonekera chifukwa cha kusintha mu hypothalamus, pituitary gland. Izi zimadzetsa kuti munthu amakhala ndi chikhumbo chosalamulirika, amapeza zopatsa mphamvu zambiri kuposa momwe amafunikira.

    Zizindikiro zamtunduwu:

    • Kudzikundikira kwamphamvu kwamafuta.
    • Kuchulukitsa thukuta.
    • Amabala.
    • Kupanikizika kumapitilira.
    • Mikwingwirima ya buluu m'malo obisika mafuta.
    • Mutu.
    • Kutopa.
    • Kusokonezeka kwa mahormoni.

    Ndi matenda amtunduwu amatengedwa kuti amatenga . Munthu yemwe sanadwalepo kale akhoza kuchira pakatha zaka ziwiri ndi 20-30 kg.

    Idzathandizira kubwezeretsa kulemera mwa kusintha magwiridwe antchito a hypothalamus, gitu.

    Zachikhalidwe

    Chifukwa chachikulu chowonekera cha matenda amtunduwu ndi chibadwidwe. , yomwe imakwaniritsidwa ndi chidwi chambiri. Mafuta amatha kuyikidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana a thupi la munthu.

    Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amtunduwu samadya moyenera, chifukwa chake, kuti athetse kulemera kwa thupi lawo, amalimbikitsidwa kuwunika menyu ndikuchita masewera ena ambiri.

    Kuphatikiza pakuphatikiza mafuta, odwala akukumana ndi ziphuphu, khungu limakhala mafuta . Zizindikiro za matendawa zimaphatikizapo kugona, kutopa, kusasangalala ndi m'mimba.

    Endocrine

    Ndi mawonekedwe awa mafuta amadziunjikira chifukwa cha kusachita bwino kwa tiziwalo ta endocrine . Nthawi zambiri, kapangidwe ka mahomoni ena amachitika molakwika, ndiye kuti mafutawo amakula.

    Zizindikiro za kunenepa kwambiri kwa endocrine:

    • Kuchulukitsa chilakolako.
    • Kudzimbidwa
    • Kuchepetsa mseru
    • Kufalikira.
    • Kuwawa mkamwa.
    • Unachepa mphamvu.
    • Kusamba kwamwamuna.

    Odwala amakula edema, kupweteka molumikizana, kupuma movutikira, ngakhale atachita zolimbitsa thupi pang'ono.

    Pakhoza kukhala nkhawa, kusachedwa, kusinthasintha, kufooka, kugona kugona, kusowa tulo komanso mutu.

    Makope

    Zimachitika chifukwa chosowa zolimbitsa thupi komanso matenda operewera. Dongosolo la endocrine limagwira ntchito molondola, silowonongeka. Mafuta amayamba pang'onopang'ono, nthawi zambiri m'mimba ndi m'chiuno.

    • Wosanjikiza mafuta akukula.
    • Mimba.
    • Zachisangalalo.
    • Kulemera m'mimba.
    • Zofooka.

    Kuthetsa thupi khanda limalimbikitsidwa kuti lisunthe kwambiri ndikudya moyenera .

    Kulimbana ndi matenda amtunduwu ndikosavuta, popeza kuphwanya kwambiri ntchito za ziwalo sikumawonedwa.

    Magawo (tebulo ndi zaka)

    Madokotala amasiyanitsa magawo anayi a matendawa. Kuti muwazindikire, mndandanda wamasamba a thupi amawerengedwa. Ichi ndi chilinganizo chophatikiza kutalika ndi kulemera kwa mwana.

    Zotsatira zake zimagawika m'magawo kapena kunenepa kwambiri kwa ana:

    • Woyamba - muyezo wopimira kulemera umapitirira 15-24%.
    • Lachiwiri - limaposa zomwe zimachitika ndi 25-50%.
    • Chachitatu - kuchulukitsa kwa mitengo yabwinoko ndi 50-100%.
    • Chachinayi - Zizindikiro zimaposa zomwe zimaposa 100%.

    Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa kuchuluka konse kwa kunenepa kwambiri mwa ana (1, 2, 3, ndi 4):

    Zizindikiro zotsatirazi ndizomwe zimachitika pazaka zosiyanasiyana:

    • Kusiya Ndemanga Yanu

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