Matenda a shuga omwe sanakulipiridwe: Zizindikiro, mankhwala ndi zomwe zili zoopsa

Chimodzi mwazinthu zoyipa kwambiri za kusowa kwa insulini m'thupi ndi kusungunuka kwa matenda a shuga, omwe, ngati molakwika kapena mosazindikira, angayambitse kukomoka kwa hyperglycemic ndi kufa. Osati zopindulitsa zamakono zamankhwala, komanso malamulo osavuta omwe ayenera kutsatiridwa tsiku ndi tsiku angathandize kupewa izi zomvetsa chisoni kwa odwala matenda ashuga.

ZOFUNIKA KUDZIWA! Ngakhale odwala matenda ashuga kwambiri amatha kuchiritsidwa kunyumba, popanda opaleshoni kapena zipatala. Ingowerenga zomwe Marina Vladimirovna akunena. werengani zonena zake.

Magawo a shuga

Pogwiritsa ntchito shuga ochulukirapo (wotchedwa "shuga" m'magazi, kusintha kwa pathological kumachitika m'thupi ndipo matenda osasangalatsa amapezeka - shuga mellitus. Kutengera kuthekera kotenga mphamvu kwa glucose owonjezera, magawo angapo a matendawa amawasiyanitsa, omaliza omwe ali mawonekedwe owopsa kwambiri a matendawa - kuwonongeka kwa matenda a shuga.

Shuga amachepetsedwa nthawi yomweyo! Matenda a shuga m'kupita kwa nthawi angayambitse matenda ambiri, monga mavuto amawonedwe, khungu ndi tsitsi, zilonda zam'mimba, zilonda zam'mimba komanso matenda otupa! Anthu amaphunzitsa zinzake zowawa kuti azisintha shuga. werengani.

1. Kubwezera. Momwe mungayerekezere shuga yanu ndimankhwala, amalankhula za kubwezerera. Njira zoyenera kulipira matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri ndi zofanana ndi matenda a shuga 1. Odwala omwe ali pachiwonetserochi amamva kuti ndiwokhutiritsa, palibe chida chamthupi.
2. Kubweza. Gawo lolumikizana pakati pa kubwezera ndi kubweza. Matenda a odwala akuipiraipira, ma pathologies amatha kuchitika ndipo zovuta zimayamba, koma kugwera chikomokere kwa magazi sikungachitike. Gawo la subcomproll limadziwika ndi kutaya tsiku lililonse kwa 50 g shuga mu mkodzo, komanso kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi pafupifupi 13.8 mmol / L.
3. Kubwezera. Amadziwika ndi mkhalidwe wowopsa wa nthawi yamatendawa komanso matenda onse omwe amapezeka ndi matenda. Odwala ali ndi ketoacidosis ndi acetone mu mkodzo. Udindo wotsogola kumayambiriro kwa matendawa umachitika chifukwa cha chibadwa cha makolo. Matenda opatsirana a shuga amatha kukhala pakati pamavuto komanso ngati vuto la kachilombo.

Zizindikiro za kuwonongeka kwa matenda ashuga

Chithunzi cholondola chazindikiritso cha matenda ashuga chimapezeka pokhapokha atafufuza zamankhwala, komabe, mawonekedwe omwe adatsimikizika matendawa adatchulanso zizindikiro, zomwe wodwalayo amatha kuzindikira payekha, ndikuwonana ndi dokotala popanda kuyembekezera mayeso omwe aperekedwa. Kuchulukitsa kwa shuga kumayambitsa zovuta zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi likhale ndi shuga yambiri m'magazi. Odwala achepetsa chitetezo cha mthupi, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala pachiwopsezo cha matenda omwe amayambitsa ma virus oyipa, mabakiteriya ndi bowa. Zizindikiro zowopsa zimawonekera pakuchepa kwa khungu la manja m'manja, mawonekedwe amanjenje achikasu pa iye ndikuwoneka ngati dermatosis. Zizindikiro zimawonjezeredwa pazizindikiro wamba ndi mtundu 1 ndi matenda 2.

Zizindikiro mu mtundu 1

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba amakhala ndi ludzu komanso njala, ngakhale atadyetsedwa. Komanso, amachepetsa thupi, nthawi zina amakhala ochepera. Matenda a shuga amtundu wa 1 amadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa diuresis tsiku ndi tsiku, komanso pakakhala chithandizo chokwanira kumatha kubweretsa kuwonongeka kwa mafupa ndi mafupa. Zotsatira zosasangalatsa zingakhale kutsekula m'mimba kosatha.

Zizindikiro mu mtundu 2

Type 2 shuga mellitus amadziwika kuti mawonekedwe amtunduwu sangakhalepo mpaka gawo lowonongeka liyamba. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, odwala amayamba kumva kupweteka pakamwa, khungu rede, khungu lake limasokonekera, kuwonongeka kooneka bwino komanso kupweteka kwa mutu kwa nthawi yayitali komwe kumatha kusanduka migraine. Ngati matendawa adapezeka mochedwa, pakhoza kukhala zovuta m'magulu a matenda ammaso - amphaka, kuyambiranso kwam'mimba, pamakhalanso chiwopsezo chotenga nephropathy ndikugwera pakukomoka kwa hyperglycemic. Chifukwa chake, odwala omwe ali ndi shuga wambiri ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa thanzi lawo ndipo ngati likuwonjezeka, funsani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Laborator diagnostics

Mukamazindikira bwino za matendawo, ndiye kuti pamakhala matenda okhazikika komanso kupeza mwayi wina wowonjezera kuchipatala. Kuti muwonetsetse bwino chithandizo chamankhwala, kuyezetsa angapo a magazi ndi mkodzo kufunikira. Pokhala ndi zidziwitso za mayeso omwe ali pafupi, dokotala azindikire mtundu wa matenda omwe ali nawo wodwala, komanso kusankha chithandizo choyenera. Mukamalemba chithunzi cha chipatala, zizindikiro zotsatirazi zikufotokozedwa, zomwe zafotokozedwa pagome:

Chiwopsezo cha zovuta

Ngati mwachedwa, kulandira chithandizo mosayenera, kapena ngati odwala amalolera kusiya mankhwala omwe dokotala amafunsa, zakudya za shuga zomwe zingachitike zimatha kupereka zovuta zambiri. Ziwalo zowonongeka ndi maso ndi impso; mafupa, mafupa, ndimimba, ndi mtima dongosolo zimatha kukhudzidwa. Odwala atha kukhala:

• mphira
• glaucoma ndi retinopathy,
• nephropathy yosiyanasiyana zovuta,
• matenda a mafupa
• Enteropathy ndi matenda otsekula m'mimba,
• mafuta hepatosis.

Mimba imakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu mu matenda ashuga, chifukwa imabweretsa kusintha kosiyanasiyana mthupi.

Ndi chitukuko cha mwana wosabadwayo, kupatsirana kwa shuga mellitus kumatha kupita pachimake, ndipo chithandizo cha opaleshoni sichingayambike nthawi zonse, chifukwa mankhwala ofunikira amatha mwanjira zina kutenga pakati ndikubweretsa zotsatirapo zosasangalatsa: toxosis, kuzizira kwa fetal, kukula kwa mwana wosabadwayo komanso kufalikira kwa matendawa.

Njira zopewera

Kubwezera kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kuchiza kuposa kuletsa kusintha kwa matendawa kufika pano. Ngati chomwe sichili cholowa, odwala ayenera kutsatira malamulo angapo osavuta kuti odwala asamapange shuga. Makamaka, ndikofunikira kuti nthawi zonse azikhala ndi mayeso othandizira madokotala apadera - endocrinologist ndi ophthalmologist. Muyeneranso kuchita maphunziro apakanthawi (biochemistry, ECG, urinalysis). Muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa kuthamanga kwa magazi ndikuwunika kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Kuphatikiza kwakukulu kumakhala zakudya ndikuwongolera zopatsa mphamvu zomwe zimadyedwa, komanso kusunga cholembedwa cha chakudya, chomwe chikuwonetsa mbiri ya kusintha kwa zakudya ndi zotsatirapo zake. Koma njira yofunikira kwambiri yopewera ndiyo kulandira nthawi yake mankhwala omwe dokotala wakupatsani.

Popewa, odwala ena amayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala owonjezera (zakudya zowonjezera). Mankhwalawa safuna mankhwala ndipo amagulitsidwa mwaulere. Musanayambe kumwa, ndikwabwino kukaonana ndi dokotala kuti mudziwe ngati pali mankhwala ena azitsamba pazowonjezera. Tiyeneranso kukumbukiranso kuti zakudya zowonjezera pakudya ndizowonjezera pakudya, osati mankhwala athunthu, chifukwa chake, kulipira kwathunthu matenda a shuga ndi chithandizo chake ndikosatheka ndipo sikungaloze m'malo mwa mankhwala.

Kodi zikuwonekabe zosatheka kuchiritsa matenda ashuga?

Poona kuti mukuwerenga izi tsopano, kupambana polimbana ndi shuga wambiri sikuli kumbali yanu.

Ndipo mudaganizapo kale za chithandizo kuchipatala? Ndizomveka, chifukwa shuga ndi matenda oopsa, omwe, ngati sanapatsidwe, amatha kufa. Udzu wokhazikika, kukodza mwachangu, masomphenya osalala. Zizindikiro zonsezi mumazidziwa nokha.

Koma kodi ndizotheka kuchitira zomwe zimayambitsa m'malo mothandizira? Timalimbikitsa kuwerenga nkhani yokhudza matenda a shuga omwe alipo masiku ano. Werengani nkhani >>

Kukula kwa kubwezeredwa kwa matenda ashuga

Malinga ndi miyezo ya ku Russia, matenda ashuga amagawika magawo atatu:

Kugawikaku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwunika momwe mankhwalawa amathandizira. Mwachitsanzo, atalandiridwa kuchipatala, kuwonjezera pa mtundu wa matenda a shuga, kupezeka kwa matendawa kumawonetsa kuti "pakuwongolera". Ngati wodwala watulutsidwa ndi subcomproll, izi zikuwonetsa kuti ndi chithandizo choyenera.

Kusintha msanga kuchoka kwa shuga kupita ku nthawi yayitali ndikosayenera, chifukwa kumabweretsa kwakanthawi kwamitsempha, kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe ndi kutupa.

Muzochita zapadziko lonse lapansi, kuchuluka kwa kubwezeretsa sikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Matenda a shuga amayesedwa kuchokera ku chiopsezo cha zovuta (zotsika, zotheka za angiopathy ndi microangiopathy).

Malangizo

Chifukwa cha chitukuko cha mankhwala, pazaka khumi zilizonse, odwala matenda ashuga akupeza mwayi wowonjezera kuchuluka kwa magazi awo kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe zawonjezera kwambiri moyo wawo ndikuchepetsa zovuta. Pamodzi ndi kubwera kwa mankhwala atsopano ndi kudzidziwitsa nokha, zofunika za matenda a shuga zikukhazikika.

WHO ndi Federation of Diabetes akhazikitsa njira zotsatirazi zamatenda amtundu woyamba:

Matenda a shuga a Type 2 nthawi zonse amakhala limodzi ndi kuwonongeka kwa metabolism yamafuta, motero, lipid mbiri yamagazi imaphatikizidwa pazomwe zimabwezeledwa:

Njira zina zothandizira kulipira matenda a shuga a 2:

Njira zowabwezera sizili zofanana kwa magulu onse a odwala. Akuluakulu azaka zogwira ntchito amayenera kuyesetsa kukhala ndi "yabwinobwino" ngati kuchuluka kwa hypoglycemia sikukwera. Kwa ana, a senile diabetes, odwala omwe amachepetsa kudziwa kwa hypoglycemia, kuchuluka kwa shuga kungakhale okwera pang'ono.

Zinthu zofunika kuzikhulupirira zimatsimikiziridwa ndi adotolo. Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, iwo ali mkati mopanda kubwezera kapena kulipirira. Kubwezera sikuyenera kwa wodwala aliyense.

Kutha kuyendetsa kunyumba

Kuti mupewe kuwonongeka kwa matenda ashuga, kuyesa kwa labotale sikokwanira musanapite kwa dokotala. Amafunikira kuwunika tsiku lililonse magazi ndi kukakamizidwa. Chofunikira chofunikira kwambiri kwa munthu wodwala matenda ashuga: glucometer, tonometer, mizere yoyeserera mkodzo ndikutha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa ma ketones. Odwala onenepa afunikanso mamba pansi. Madeti, nthawi ndi zotsatira za miyeso yonse ya nyumba ziyenera kulembedwa mu kope lapadera - zolemba za odwala matenda ashuga. Zomwe mwapeza zidzatithandizanso kupenda matendawa ndikusintha chithandizo munthawi yake kupewa kuwonongeka.

Mwazi wamagazi

Kuwongolera shuga, gluceter wosavuta kwambiri, malamba ndi zingwe zoyeserera ndizokwanira. Kugula zida zamtengo wapatali ndi zina zambiri zowonjezera sizofunikira, ingosankha wopanga wodalirika ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zowonjezera zamitengo zimagulitsidwa nthawi zonse.

Shuga ayenera kuyezedwa m'mawa m'mimba yopanda chakudya, mutatha kudya chilichonse, musanagone. Matenda a shuga ophatikizika amafunikira magawo ochulukirapo: usiku komanso kuwonongeka kulikonse muumoyo. Anthu okhawo omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi mtundu wofatsa wa 2 ndi omwe amatha kuyesa shuga kawirikawiri.

Acetone ndi shuga mkodzo

Shuga mumkodzo amapezeka nthawi zambiri ndi kuwonongeka kwa matenda ashuga, pomwe mulingo wake mumagazi ndi wokulirapo kuposa cholumikizira cha impso (pafupifupi 9 mmol / l). Zingathenso kuwonetsa mavuto a impso, kuphatikizapo matenda ashuga a nephropathy. Shuga wa mkodzo amayeza kamodzi pamwezi.

Pa kuwonongeka kwa matenda ashuga, chiopsezo cha ketoacidosis ndi chikomokere ndi chambiri. Pakapita nthawi, mavutowa amatha kuwonekera posanthula mkodzo wa ma ketoni. Iyenera kuchitika nthawi iliyonse shuga ikafika pafupi ndi 13 mmol / L.

Pakuyesa kwanu ma ketones ndi shuga mumkodzo, muyenera kugula mzere, mwachitsanzo, Ketogluk kapena Bioscan. Kuwunikaku ndikosavuta kwambiri ndipo kumangotenga mphindi zochepa. Onetsetsani kuti mwawerenga nkhani yathu ya ma acetone mu mkodzo.

Doctor of Medical Science, Mutu wa Institute of Diabetesology - Tatyana Yakovleva

Ndakhala ndikuphunzira matenda a shuga kwa zaka zambiri. Zimakhala zowopsa anthu ambiri akamwalira, ndipo makamaka amakhala olumala chifukwa cha matenda ashuga.

Ndithamangira kunena mbiri yabwino - Endocrinological Research Center ya Russian Academy of Medical Sayansi yakwanitsa kupanga mankhwala omwe amachiritsiratu matenda ashuga. Pakadali pano, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa mankhwalawa kuyandikira 98%.

Nkhani ina yabwino: Unduna wa Zaumoyo wateteza kukhazikitsidwa kwa pulogalamu yapadera yomwe imalipira mtengo wa mankhwalawo. Ku Russia, odwala matenda ashuga mpaka Meyi 18 (kuphatikiza) nditha kuipeza - Kwa ma ruble 147 okha!

Glycated hemoglobin

Chizindikirochi chimawonetsa bwino kuchuluka kwa kubwezerera kwa matenda ashuga ndipo amakupatsani mwayi kuti muwadziwe shuga waposachedwa m'zaka zaposachedwa. Kusanthula kumawonetsa kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin yomwe imadziwika ndi glucose kwa miyezi itatu. Mokulira, shuga imayandikira kuwonongeka. Glycated (glycosylated version imagwiritsidwanso ntchito) hemoglobin kunyumba imatha kuyezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera zamagetsi kapena zojambula zosunthika. Zipangizozi ndizokwera mtengo ndipo zimakhala ndi cholakwika chachikulu, chifukwa chake ndikwanzeru kuti kotala lotsatira mule.

Matenda a shuga ophatikizika amathandizirana ndi kusintha kwa m'mitsempha ndi kuchuluka kwa magazi. Hypertension imabweretsa kupitilira msanga kwa angiopathy ndi neuropathy, motero, kwa odwala matenda ashuga, njira zowapanikiza ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa kwa anthu athanzi - mpaka 130/85. Kubwerezeredwa kowonjezereka kwa mulingo uno kumafuna kuikidwa kwa chithandizo. Ndikofunika kuyeza kupsinjika tsiku ndi tsiku, komanso chizungulire komanso mutu - onani nkhani yokhudza matenda oopsa mu shuga.

Zinthu zobweza

Kuti muchepetse kusintha kwa matenda ashuga kukhala mtundu wophatikizika:

• kuchuluka kwa mapiritsi ndi insulin,
• osagwirizana ndi chakudyacho, kuwerengera kolakwika kwa chakudya chamagulu mu chakudya, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo othamanga,
• kusowa kwa chithandizo chamankhwala kapena kudzichiritsa nokha ndi wowerengeka azitsamba,
• njira yolakwika yoperekera insulin - zambiri pa izi,
• kusintha kosayembekezereka kuchokera pamapiritsi kupita ku insulin chithandizo cha matenda a shuga a 2,
• kupsinjika kwakukulu
• kuvulala kwambiri, kuchitapo kanthu opaleshoni,
• chimfine, matenda osachiritsika,
• kuchuluka kwa kunenepa.

Mavuto omwe angakhalepo

Matenda a shuga osafupikitsidwa amabweretsa zovuta za mitundu iwiri: yovuta komanso yopweteka. Pachimake amakula msanga, maola angapo kapena masiku, popanda chithandizo kumayambitsa kukomoka ndi kufa. Izi zimaphatikizapo hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis, lactic acidosis ndi hyperosmolarity.

Hypoglycemia ndiowopsa kuposa zovuta zina, chifukwa zimabweretsa kusintha kosasintha munthawi yochepa kwambiri. Zizindikiro zoyambirira ndi njala, kunjenjemera, kufooka, nkhawa. Pa gawo loyamba, amayimitsidwa ndi chakudya chamafuta othamanga.Odwala omwe ali ndi precoma ndi chikomokoma amafunika kugonekedwa kuchipatala mwachangu ndi glucose wamkati.

Shuga wambiri amachititsa kuti magazi azisiyanasiyana. Kutengera ndi zomwe zasintha, chikomero cha hyperglycemic chimagawidwa mu ketoacidotic, lactic acidotic ndi hyperosmolar. Odwala amafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu, mankhwala a insulin kwenikweni ndi gawo la mankhwalawo.

Mavuto osokonezeka amatha kupezeka pakapita zaka zambiri, chifukwa chachikulu ndikuti chiwopsezo cha shuga chimatenga nthawi yayitali. Chifukwa cha shuga wambiri, ziwiya zazikulu (angiopathy) ndi zing'onozing'ono (microangiopathy) zimawonongeka, chifukwa chake ziwalo zimasokonekera. Omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu kwambiri ndi retina (diabetesic retinopathy), impso (nephropathy), ndi ubongo (encephalopathy). Komanso, matenda ashuga amtundu amachititsa kuti mitsempha iwonongeke (neuropathy). Kusintha kwakukulu m'matumbo ndi m'mitsempha ndizomwe zimayambitsa kupangika kwa phazi la matenda ashuga, kufa kwa minofu, osteoarthropathy, trophic zilonda.

Onetsetsani kuti mwaphunzira! Kodi mukuganiza kuti kuyamwa kwa mapiritsi ndi insulini kwa nthawi yonse yokhayo ndi njira yokhayo yosungira shuga m'manja? Sichowona! Mutha kutsimikizira izi nokha ndikuyamba kuzigwiritsa ntchito. werengani zambiri >>