Hypoglycemia mwa ana ndi mkhalidwe wazowopsa momwe kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatsikira pansi pa 4 mmol / L. Amapangidwa poyankha kupsinjika kapena kusintha kwina kwakunja. Hypoglycemia imatha kupezeka mwa ana omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1, koma nthawi zina amapezekanso ndi wachiwiri.

Nthawi zambiri, imayamba ndikukula kwa sulfonylurea. Chakudya cholakwika komanso chopanda malire, kupsinjika kwakuthupi ndi m'maganizo, komanso mulingo woyipa wa insulin amathanso kubweretsa zotsatirazi. Chifukwa chosowa chithandizo chamankhwala kwa nthawi yayitali, hypoglycemia imapangitsa kuti chizindikiritso cha thupi chikume.

Hypoglycemia ndi chotupa choopsa chomwe chili ndi zifukwa zazikulu zachitukuko.

Akatswiri akukhulupirira kuti zomwe zimakhudza mawonekedwe ake:

• Makamaka
• Matenda amimba,
• Kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mopitirira malire
• Matenda a endocrine
• Kupitilira pamtima,
• Matenda a metabolism
• Mlingo wolakwika wa inulin,
• Zilonda zamanjenje,
• Mavuto obadwa nawo.

Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kudziwa matenda a hypoglycemia mwa mwana. Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amatha kuzindikiridwa ndi zotsatira za kuyezetsa magazi. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuwunikira kusintha kulikonse pamakhalidwe a mwana wanu, komanso machitidwe ake akadyedwe. Kusamalidwa makamaka kuyenera kuyimbidwa ndikuphwanya kukhululuka kwa shuga. Hypoglycemia ikhoza kuzindikiridwa ndi zizindikiro izi:

• Kuchulukitsa thukuta
• Kumva nkhawa komanso mantha
• Kumva njala mosalekeza
• Masautso komanso kusokonekera,
• Shaky gait, mgwirizano woperewera,
• Kugona ndi chizungulire,
• Kutopa ndi kupanda chidwi
• Kusokoneza kalankhulidwe.

Zosiyanasiyana

Hypoglycemia mu ana ikhoza kukhala yamitundu iwiri: acidosis ndi leucine. Amasiyana mu kapangidwe ka chitukuko, zizindikilo ndi njira yochizira. Ndi hypoglycemia ndi acidosis, acetone, kapena matupi a ketone, amapangidwa m'thupi la mwana. Kuphwanya kotereku m'thupi kumatha kuzindikiridwa ndi mawonekedwe a fungo la mankhwala omwe amachokera pakamwa. Hypoglycemia yokhala ndi acidosis imafunika kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu, chifukwa matupi a ketone ndi owopsa pakugwira ntchito kwamanjenje: amaliwononga, ndikuyambitsa zovuta zazikulu.

Chikondwerero cha leucine chimayamba kukula motsutsana ndi maziko a tsankho la leucine amino acid, omwe amapanga mapuloteni. Nthawi zambiri amayamba kudya chakudya chama protein ambiri. Pofuna kupewa zoterezi mtsogolomo, nyama zamafuta, mkaka, mazira, pasitala, nsomba ndi mtedza samachotsedwa pakudya. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kusankha zakudya zoyenera, zomwe zimachotsa chiopsezo cha kukhala ndi hypoglycemia mwa mwana wodwala.

Njira zochizira

Ngati muzindikira kuti woyamba kukhala ndi hypoglycemia mwana wanu, muyenera kulankhulana ndi dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Adzakutumizirani ku kafukufuku wopitilira wazofufuza matenda, omwe adzawonetsetse ngati ali ndi matenda olondola.

Izi zikuthandizani kusankha chithandizo chamankhwala chokwanira. Ngati matenda a hypoglycemia atakuzidzimutsani modzidzimutsa, muyenera kuchita zonse zotheka kuti mukweze shuga. Mwa izi, mwana akhoza kupatsidwa maswiti okoma, tiyi, uchi, chidutswa cha mkate. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti kutsekemera kulikonse kumakhalapo m'thumba la mwana ngati izi zachitika.

Ngati mwana wanu ali ndi hypoglycemia, muyenera kuyang'anira magazi anu pafupipafupi. Amayenera kuchitika kawiri patsiku: m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu ndikudya. Onaninso kuchuluka kwanu kwa shuga ngati mwana wanu akudandaula chifukwa chodwala. Ngati sizotheka kuletsa malaise kunyumba, ndikofunikira kuyimba ambulansi. Kuchedwa kulikonse kumatha kubweretsa kukulira kwa hypoglycemic coma, yomwe nthawi zonse imabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa kwa thupi. Mwana yemwe ali ndi matenda otere ayenera kumwa pafupipafupi ma immunomodulators ndi maantibayotiki.

Njira zopewera kupewa ngozi

Kuti muchepetse kukumana ndi hypoglycemia, mwana ayenera kudya moyenera komanso moyenera. Ndikofunika kufunsa katswiri yemwe angapange zakudya zoyenera kwambiri. Muyeneranso kuphunzitsa mwana wanu kutsatira malangizo awa:

• Idyani pafupipafupi, musalumphe chakudya chimodzi,
• Jekeseni insulin mokoma komanso mosamala.
• Nthawi zonse muzidya pambuyo pa insulin
• Gwirizanani kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe mumadya ndi insulin
• Idyani zipatso, chokoleti, ndi mkate wambiri kuti mumvetsetse shuga lanu lamagazi,
• Onjezani mlingo wa insulin musanayambe kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi,
• Nthawi zonse tengani kena kake kokoma ndi inu.

Komabe, mutha kupewa chitukuko chake ngati mutsatira malangizo onse a dokotala. Nthawi zambiri mumayesedwa ndi endocrinologist yemwe angasinthe kuthandizira kwa hypoglycemia mwa mwana.

Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia ndi mkhalidwe wamthupi, womwe umadziwika ndi kutsika kwa shuga m'magazi kuzizindikiritso zotere, zomwe, choyambirira, maselo aubongo ndi thupi lonse limakumana ndi vuto la chakudya chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa glucose. Izi zimaphwanya ntchito zawo, zomwe zimawonetsedwa ndi zizindikiro zingapo zamankhwala.

Hypoglycemia ndi yoona komanso yabodza (yosaopsa). Ndi hypoglycemia yabodza, shuga wamagazi amatha kukhala wabwinobwino kapena wokwera. Izi nthawi zambiri zimalumikizidwa ndi kuchepa msanga kwa shuga m'magazi kuchokera pazofunikira kwambiri mpaka zamtengo wotsika, mwachitsanzo, kuyambira 20-25 mpaka 10 mm mm / L.

Hypoglycemia yoona imadziwika ndi ma shuga a m'munsi mwa 3.3 mmol / L, motero titha kunena kuti hypoglycemia ndi mtundu wa zochita za thupi kuti zitsike kwambiri m'magazi a magazi pansipa. Shuga wamagazi akatsika, mapangidwe a glucose ochokera ku glycogen, komanso zochita za insulin, amakakamizidwa. Kenako, njira zina zomwe zimathandizira kuti thupi lipangitse mafuta ochulukitsa, zimayatsidwa, kotero, pang'onopang'ono zimabwezeretseka ngakhale popanda chithandizo choyenera. Komabe, izi sizitanthauza kuti hypoglycemia sayenera kuthandizidwa, chifukwa kwa minyewa yonse ndi ziwalo, makamaka bongo, ubongo umakhala mkati, womwe umadziwika ndi chithunzi chachilendo.

Zizindikiro za hypoglycemia

Ndi hypoglycemia, dziko la hypoglycemic ndi chikomoka cha hypoglycemic zimasiyanitsidwa. Zizindikiro za matendawa sizimawonekera pang'onopang'ono. Nthawi zina, ngakhale mwadzidzidzi, kumakhala kuwonekera modabwitsa kwa hypoglycemia, kupsinjika kapena mtundu wovuta kwambiri wa psychotic syndrome.

Zizindikiro za gawo loyambirira la hypoglycemia ndi njala yayikulu, kugwedezeka kwa manja ndi kusokonezeka kwa magazi pakukhetsa thukuta, kupweteka mutu, kufooka, palpitations, kuyambitsa kukwiya, kupsa mtima komanso mantha. Ndi kuchotsedwa kwadzidzidzi kwa zizindikirazi mothandizidwa ndi chakudya, momwe mumapezeka mafuta ochulukirapo, zizindikilo zina zomwe zimakhala ndi izi zimakulitsa kapena kuwonekera. Pakati pawo, wina amatha kusiyanitsa monga kunjenjemera m'thupi, thukuta la zinthu zambiri, masomphenya awiri, maso okhazikika ndi hemiplegia.

Hypoglycemia imadziwika ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wamalingaliro, kukwiya, dziko losangalatsidwa, kulephera kuyendayenda mozungulira, ndipo nthawi zina kuyerekezera. Nthawi zambiri, zizindikirazi zimalakwitsa kuledzera, chifukwa cha mowa, kapena chifuwa. Ngati mkhalidwe wa hypoglycemic sudzathetseka pakadali pano, makina opatsirana a minofu ena amawonekera, makamaka, pankhope ya nkhope, ndipo dziko lokondwa limakulirakulira, kusanza ndi chizindikiro chimodzi cha Babinsky cha mbali ziwiri kapena ziwiri, kugwidwa kwamtendere ndi tonic komwe kumayambitsa khunyu. kuchepa mphamvu kwa chikumbumtima kenako kumabwera chikomokere.

Chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha hypoglycemia ndi kusintha kwa mtima wama mtima, komwe kumawonetsedwa kuchepa kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuwoneka kwa mtima wowonjezereka, arrhythmias mwa mawonekedwe amtima wodabwitsa, osachepera kwambiri kugunda kwa mtima, sinus arrhythmia. Ndipo pa ECG, kukhumudwa kwa gawo la S-T kumadziwika, ndipo matalikidwe a mafunde a T akuchepa. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a mtima, ndi kuchepa kwambiri kwa magazi, chiwopsezo cha angina chimadziwika. Leukocytosis yaying'ono ndi lymphocytosis, ndipo nthawi zina leukopenia, amapezeka m'magazi.

Mwanjira yoperekera shuga ya shuga, hypoglycemia imakhala ndi shuga mu mkodzo komanso zimachitika ndi acetone. Koma hypoglycemia ya matenda opatsirana a shuga imadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa mahomoni monga glucocorticoids, STH, catecholamines ndi ACTH, omwe amathandizira kukulitsa ketoacidosis ndi acetone mu mkodzo.

Chizindikiro china cha hypoglycemia ndi hypoglycemic coma, yomwe imadziwika ndi thukuta, chinyezi pakhungu, kutsekeka kwa nkhope, mphamvu ya minofu, kunjenjemera, kuwonjezereka kwa tendon komanso kukokana. Mitsempha yamagazi ya diastolic imatsitsidwanso, makamaka, ana amachepetsa, mawonekedwe amaso amakhala omveka bwino kapena amachepetsedwa pang'ono, zizindikiro zamaganizidwe ndi kuyerekezera kopusitsa zimadziwika. Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndi kotsika kwambiri ndipo palibe mkodzo mumkodzo. Nthawi zina m'maphunziro kumayambiriro kwa matenda, shuga wambiri mumkodzo wa 1% amatha kupezeka. Ndipo kuyesedwa mobwerezabwereza pambuyo pa mphindi 30 kumapereka yankho loipa ndi kukodza kwamikodzo kosasinthika.

Zakudya za hypoglycemia

Amakhulupirira kuti mutatha kudya, hypoglycemia imakhudzidwa bwino ndi kuchepa kwa zakudya zamagulu m'zakudya. Ngakhale njira za ulamuliro wotere mu chithandizo cha zakudya sizinachitike. Komabe, mukayang'anidwa kuchokera pakuwona kwa physiology, njirayi imatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zabwino, chifukwa vuto la hypoglycemia limayamba, monga lamulo, mutadya zakudya zokhala ndi shuga.

Njira zoperekera zakudya zitha kuthandiza odwala ambiri, makamaka magawo oyamba a matendawa, momwe mankhwala amasonyezedwera nthawi zina.

Pali mkangano wina wokhudza vuto lolepheretsa chakudya. Gulu limodzi la olemba limatsata zakudya zamagulu ochepa amafuta, pafupifupi magalamu zana. Koma amakhala chifukwa cha ketosis, amachepetsa kulolera kwa glucose ndikuchepetsa mawonekedwe a amino acid atatha kudya mapuloteni. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, ngakhale anthu athanzi omwe amatsatira zakudya zoterezi, omwe ali ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga, amatha kukhala ochulukitsa a hypoglycemia. Pachifukwachi, kudya zakudya zamagulu ochulukirapo sikungathetsedwe kokwanira, chifukwa izi zimatha kubweretsa mawonekedwe amtundu wamankhwala ngati zakudya sizitsatiridwa. Chifukwa chake, mankhwalawa amayamba ndi kuletsa pang'ono kwa chakudya cham'madzi kuchokera ku 120 mpaka 150 g.

Ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu, komanso mtundu wa zinthu zomwe zili momwemo. Ndikofunikira kwenikweni kupatula zinthu zosavuta zosavuta. Zakudya zopatsa thanzi ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati wowuma pazakudya monga pasitala, mkate, mbatata, mpunga, zomwe zimayenera kudyedwa mpaka katatu patsiku m'magawo ang'onoang'ono ndi zofunikira zazakudya zingapo. Ngati simungathe kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zotere, ndiye kuti muziperekanso chakudya china.

Nthawi zina, chakudyacho sichikhala ndi zotsatira zoyenera, ndipo nthawi zina chimawonjezera mavutidwe a hypoglycemia, omwe angayambitse kukayikira kwa dokotala za kusala kudya kwa hypoglycemia kapena, makamaka, kukambirana zakusowa kwa matendawa ndi madandaulo a wodwala. Ndi kuperewera kwa chakudya mothandizidwa ndi chakudya komanso osagwirizana ndi chiyambi cha hypoglycemic, mankhwala amakonzekera.

Monga lamulo, ndi hypoglycemia, zakudya No. 9 zimayikidwa. Poterepa, pangani zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kagayidwe kazakudya m'thupi. Zakudya zimaphikidwa kuchokera ku zakudya zina, zomwe zimakhala ndi zochepa zamafuta ndi mafuta. Shuga, uchi ndi kupanikizana, komanso maswiti osiyanasiyana ndi confectionery, siziyenera kudyedwa. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyimitsa kuukira kwa hypoglycemia, kapena ngati osafunsa musanayambe kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Chowonera chakudya cha hypoglycemia ndichakuti ndikofunikira kusunga tsiku ndi tsiku ndikuwerengera kuchuluka kwa mafuta, chakudya komanso mapuloteni muzakudya. Ndikofunikanso kuwongolera kapangidwe kazinthu zamakina.

Odwala omwe amapezeka ndi matenda opatsirana a shuga amakhala ndi chidwi chambiri, ndipo ali munthawi yanjala. Chifukwa chake, odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lotere amafunika kudya mbale zomwe zimakhutitsa m'mimba, zimakhala ndi fiber yambiri, koma ndizochepa kalori, ndiye masamba.

Mndandanda wazakudya zamasiku onse zochizira hypoglycemia mu shuga ziyenera kuphatikizapo zakudya monga zakuda (240g) kapena mikate yoyera (180g), batala (15g), mafuta a masamba (10g), kaloti (200g) kapena maapulo, mbatata (200g) , pasitala (20g), phala (60g), tchizi (20g), dzira (1 pc.), nsomba, yophika, kapena yophika nyama. Shuga amalowa m'malo ndi shuga.

Zogulitsa zimayenderana ndi zokhazikika zokhazokha, komabe ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zakudya yokazinga osati kuchuluka kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, thupi liyenera kulandira mavitamini okwanira, makamaka kuchokera ku gulu B ndi ascorbic acid. Chakudya chizikhala cha mitundu mitundu komanso pafupipafupi. Pafupifupi theka la chakudyacho chikuyenera kuphatikiza chakudya, ndipo izi ndi nthangala, chimanga, zipatso, mbewu, phala. Inde, ndikwabwino kupatsa chidwi ndi zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi fiber yambiri, chifukwa zimayamba kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Ndi ana ati omwe amakonda kuchita hypoglycemia?

Mwa ana akhanda, pali gulu lomwe limayambitsa matenda a hypoglycemia nthawi zambiri. Mulinso:

• makanda asanakwane (masabata ochepera 32) komanso akhanda omwe ali ndi kulemera kwa thupi zosakwana 1500 g,
• makanda obadwa kwa amayi omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga (pamenepa, matenda am'mimba amawonedwa mu 90% ya akhanda),
• Makanda a Cesarean
• Makanda omwe akhanda omwe adabadwa ndi njala.
• makanda oyamwitsidwa omwe samayang'ana kuti akufuna kudya. Ayenera kudyetsedwa nthawi yochepera maola atatu ndikuwunika kutentha kwa thupi,
• akhanda omwe sangayamwe. Kudyetsa kwawo sikuyenera kuyamba pasanathe maola atatu chibadwire,
• makanda obadwa chifukwa cha kubadwa kwa matenda.

Chifukwa chiyani hypoglycemia imayamba?

Hypoglycemia mu wakhanda amapezeka pazifukwa izi:

• zamtundu. Matenda amadzimadzi amachititsa kuwonongeka kwa maselo a kapamba, chifukwa chake amayamba kupanga insulin yambiri,
• matenda a chiwindi obadwa nawo,
• kukhalapo kwa hyperglycemia mwa mayi wa mwana.

Mwa ana osakwana zaka 10, hypoglycemia imatha kudutsidwa.Kutsika kwa shuga kumathandizidwanso kuti kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi kupumula kwakutali kwa chakudya, kupsinjika kwamthupi, malingaliro ndi malingaliro, kusokonezeka kagayidwe ndi matenda amanjenje.

Chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa ndizovuta za shuga ndi adrenal gland. Ana omwe amadalira insulin nthawi zambiri amadwala hypoglycemia. Zomwe zimachitika ndi kuchuluka kwa insulin kapena kudya kosayenera kwa mankhwala a hypoglycemic. Hypoglycemia imatha kupezekanso m'mitundu iwiri ya matenda ashuga (onsewo mwa ana omwe akutenga insulini ndi omwe sichikulamulidwa). Chifukwa, kuwonjezera pa mankhwala osokoneza bongo a antidiabetes, ndikuphwanya zakudya, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri (kapena kukana kwathunthu kuyenda), chakudya cholakwika (kuphatikiza zinthu zomwe zili ndi chakudya).

Momwe mungachepetsere hypoglycemic syndrome ndipo ndizotheka kuchiritsa mwana?

Ngati mwana wadwala hypoglycemia, ndiye kuti pali zofunika kuchita mwachangu. Ngati mnyamatayo kapena mtsikana akudziwa ndi kumeza, ndibwino kuti mupereke miyala ya glucose. Ngati sichoncho, ndiye kuti uchi, kagawo kapena shuga. Mutha kukonza njira ya shuga - mwa ichi, supuni ya shuga imasungunuka mu 50 ml ya madzi. Mutha kupatsanso mwana wanu madzi kapena kum'patsa maswiti angapo.

Mwana akataya chikumbumtima, ndiye kuti ambulansi iyenera kuyitanidwa nthawi yomweyo. Hypoglycemia mu wakhanda amathandizidwa ndi jakisoni wa glucose; mu milandu yayikulu, glucagon kapena hydrocortisone ndi jekeseni.

Nthawi zambiri makolo amafunsa ngati mwana angathe kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu. M'malo mwake, hypoglycemia si matenda, koma chikhalidwe chomwe chimalumikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwa thupi ntchito (nthawi zambiri endocrine system). Popewa kubwereza mobwerezabwereza, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana kuchuluka kwa shuga, kupenda (ndipo ngati kuli koyenera gwiritsani ntchito) chiwindi ndi m'mimba.

Zakudya zoyenera, kuyamwitsa, kuyang'anira glucose pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer, zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi komanso katundu wambiri ndizo kupewa kwambiri kwa hypoglycemia. Kwa ana odwala matenda ashuga, pali lamulo limodzi lina: ayenera kukhala ndi maswiti, shuga kapena mapiritsi a shuga, komanso kumakhala ndi kakalata kosonyeza kuti mwana ali ndi matenda ashuga komanso kuukira kwa hypoglycemia.

Mwa makanda

Zomwe zimayambitsa kukhazikika kwa hypoglycemia mwa akhanda zimaphatikizapo zinthu izi:

• Kusowa kwa mahomoni okula, cortisol, glucagon ndi tuitarism,
• Kuchepetsa chidwi cha adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH),
• Hyperinsulinism yochititsidwa ndi Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome,
• Hyperplasia kapena adenoma ya maselo a endocrine, ma islets a Langerhans, omwe amathandizira kupanga mahomoni,
• Necidioblastosis
• Congenital pathologies kaphatikizidwe ka amino acid, omwe amaphatikizapo matenda a mapulo, tyrosinemia, propylonic ndi methyl malonic acidemia,
• Kuphwanya njira za makutidwe ndi okosijeni amafuta acid,
• Matenda a chiwindi, galactosemia, kuchepa kwa fructose-1,6-dysphophatase kapena glycogen synthetase,
• Hypothermia,
• Matenda osokoneza bongo a intrauterine,
• Kupezeka kwa matenda ashuga mwa amayi,
• Kugwiritsa kwa amayi shuga ambiri asanabadwe,
• Ntchito ndi mayi panthawi yoyembekezera kukonzekera insulin,
• Kupezeka kwa makina asphyxia wa mwana wosabadwayo panthawi yobereka,
• Kubadwa musanakwane.

Hypoglycemia mwa ana akhanda imatha kukhala chifukwa cha mankhwala omwe mayi amagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yapakati

Nthawi zambiri, chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kukula kwa hypoglycemia mwa makanda ndi njira zopatsirana zomwe mayi amakumana nazo ali ndi pakati.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa hypoglycemia mwa ana zimaphatikizapo zinthu zoyipa izi:

• Makamaka
• Kupezeka kwa zikhalidwe zam'mimba nthawi yapakati komanso pakubala. Ikhoza kukhala matenda opatsirana mwa mayi, komanso zovuta pakubadwa,
• Matenda a metabolism
• Kulephera mu dongosolo la endocrine,
• Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri thupi,
• Zovuta zamaganizidwe,
• Pathologies mu ntchito yamanjenje,
• Mlingo woyipa wa insulin molondola.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa hypoglycemia mwa mwana amathanso kukhala operewera.

Gulu la mitundu

Matendawa monga hypoglycemia amatha kuikidwa padera potsatira njira zingapo:

1. Mwa mfundo yakupezeka, matendawa amatengera chibadwa kapena kulowa mkati, kapena kutengedwa.
2. Ndi chikhalidwe cha zomwe zimachitika, kutengera chakudya. Pathology imatha kuchitika pamimba yopanda kanthu, kapena mutatha kudya.
3. Mwa kuopsa.

Komabe, kagawidwe kakakulu ka hypoglycemia mwa ana kumachitika molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya zochita zawo kwa ma enzymes amodzi ndi ma acid. Malinga ndi mfundo iyi, matendawa amagawidwa mu ketonemia ndi leucine hypoglycemia.

Mu khanda kapena wamkulu, ketotic hypoglycemia, kapena acetonemia, zimachitika popanda ma enzyme amwini omwe amatha kukonza mafuta. Chifukwa cha izi, matupi a ketone amapangidwa m'magazi a wodwala, omwe amatha kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito ndi ziwalo zosiyanasiyana mthupi.

Ketogenic hypoglycemia mu makanda imayendera limodzi ndi vuto la chiwindi ndi kumasulidwa kwa matupi ambiri a poizoni acetone. Komanso, mwana wodwala nthawi zambiri amanunkhira acetone mkamwa mwake, ndipo nthawi zambiri khanda limakhala ndi vuto losanza.

Leucine

Clinic ya leucine hypoglycemia mu ana limodzi ndi kuchuluka kwa odwala leucine acid. Izi zimatengedwa kuti ndi zatsopano komanso zimadziwonekera mwa makanda adakali aang'ono. Mwanayo amayamba kumva kupweteka pafupifupi akangodya zakudya zomanga thupi.

Chifukwa cha izi, ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa bwinobwino zamatenda komanso kusankha zakudya zoyenera kwa mwana.

Kusintha

Hypoglycemia ili ndi madigiri 3 akuopsa:

1. Fomu yakuwala. Wodwalayo amayamba kuwoneka zingapo za matenda a pathology nthawi imodzi. Mwana amakhala woopsa kapena wokwiyitsidwa, chizungulire chikuwonekera. Mutha kuyimitsa nokha vutoli. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kudya chinthu chomwe chimakhala ndi mafuta osavuta, kapena kumwa miyala ya m'magome. Kuonjezera shuga m'magazi ndi 0,22 mmol / l, 1 g ya glucose ndikwanira. Zitachitika izi, mkhalidwe wa mwana ubwereranso mwaka 50-60.
2. Mawonekedwe olimba. Mwanayo amakomoka, amanjenjemera, amakhala akukomoka, sachita zinthu mogwirizana komanso amakhala wolumikizana. Kukumeza kwa malovu kumatha kulepheretsa. Wodwala akamatha kumeza, ayenera kupatsidwa madzi otsekemera kapena mankhwala ena okhala ndi mafuta ambiri ophikira monga maswiti kapena chokoleti. Imani mwachangu kuukira kumalola gluedese, yemwe nthawi yochepa amalowa m'magazi. Itha kufalikira pamkamwa la mwana. Pokonzekera madzi okoma, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito dextrose.
3. Hypoglycemic chikomokere. Mwanayo amakhala wosazindikira kapena wosazindikira. Zakudya zamagalimoto mwanjira yamadzimadzi kapena chakudya sizimayikidwa. Wodwala amafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala chodzidzimutsa. Ndikofunikira kupangira 40% shuga mwanjira yamitsempha mwachangu, kapena jekeseni wa glucagon kudzera m'mitsempha. Mlanduwo ukatha kuti mwana asayambenso kuzindikira, amapatsidwa jakisoni wofatsa wa adrenaline.

Mawonetseredwe azachipatala

Mwa makanda, zizindikiro zazikuluzikulu za matendawa zimasiyanitsidwa:

• Maonekedwe oyenda kwamasamba oyandikana ndimaso,
• Nystagmus, kapena kunjenjemera mobwerezabwereza kwa ana,
• Kutha kwa chiwonetsero cha oculocephalic,
• Kufuula kovutikira kopanda mafunde,
• Anorexia
• Kuperewera kwa luso la kulumikizana
• Zofooka zambiri, mayendedwe aulesi,
• Kutentha
• Kuchulukitsa kukondweretsa ndi kusakwiya.

Pafupipafupi, matenda a ana akhanda amaphatikizidwa ndi izi:

• Kuchulukitsa kamvekedwe ka minofu,
• Zingwe
• Apnea, kapena kupindika kwapang'onopang'ono kulephera,
• Milomo yabuluu kapena thupi lonse,
• Kusinthasintha pafupipafupi kwa kutentha kwa thupi la mwana,
• Kupuma kwapang'onopang'ono,
• Tahirakdia,
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi
• Kukongola kwa khungu
• Kuchulukitsa thukuta.

Zizindikiro za hypoglycemia mwa ana akulu kuposa chaka 1 ndi:

• Zosangalatsa pamtima
• Kunjenjemera kopanda chifukwa
• Chizungulire
• Chisoni
• Zofooka zambiri
• Kuchepetsa mseru
• Kubweza
• Kukomoka
• Mantha opanda chifukwa
• Kuchuluka thukuta,
• Kusakwiya
• Kudzimva kwamphamvu kwanjala
• Mutu
• Masomphenya otsika.

Hypoglycemia mu ana imayambitsa mseru komanso kusanza

Nthawi zina mawonetseredwe akunja a hypoglycemia mwa ana amafanana ndi kuledzera. Mwanayo atha kusiya kulumikizana komanso kusayenda bwino, ndipo zinthu zimamuyendera limodzi ndikulankhula kosokonezeka komanso chisokonezo.

Njira Zodziwitsira

Kuzindikira koyambirira kwa matendawa kumachitika mwa kupenda zizindikiro zomwe adokotala amapeza. Komabe, kuti mutsimikizire matendawa, mayeso ngati a labotale amafunika:

• Kuyesa kwa shuga,
• Kuyesa kwamagazi kambiri kwamafuta acid,
• Kudziwitsa kuchuluka kwa matupi a ketone m'magazi,
• The kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi.

Nthawi zambiri, kuti adziwe zoyenera komanso kuti apatsidwe mankhwala oyenera, kuyezetsa magazi kumachitika chifukwa cha kukula kwa mahomoni, cortisol.

Njira zochizira

Chithandizo cha hypoglycemia mwa mwana zimaphatikizapo izi:

• Kusunga zakudya zoyenera ndi zakudya,
• Kuchepetsa mphamvu zolimbitsa thupi,
• Kuteteza mwana pamavuto akulu.

Pankhani yaukali, ndikofunikira kupatsa mwana thandizo loyamba. Choyamba, ndikofunikira kuyeza kuchuluka kwa shuga pamagazi. Pambuyo pake, muyenera kuchita malinga ndi kuopsa kwa vuto la mwanayo. Ndikakhala ndi vuto lalikulu kapena chikomokere, ndikofunikira kuyimba ambulansi. Pakukhudzidwa pang'ono kwa hypoglycemia, mwana ayenera kupatsidwa shuga, dextrose, kapena kutsekemera kulikonse. Woopsa, podikirira kuti dokotala afike, muyenera kulowa glucose kapena glucagon.

Udindo wa chakudya cha hypoglycemia

Kutsatira malamulo ena okhudzana ndi zakudya a hypoglycemia kumathandizira kuti shuga wamagazi azikhala pamlingo woyenera, komanso kuonetsetsa kuti insulini yapangidwa ndi thupi. Chifukwa chake, ndi matenda amtunduwu, ndikofunikira kutsatira malangizowo:

• Idyani m'magawo ang'onoang'ono maola aliwonse awiri,
• Chepetsani kuchuluka kwa mafuta azakudya, chifukwa zimasokoneza kupanga insulin,
• Onetsetsani kuti mumadya zakudya zamafuta ambiri. Zimakupatsani mwayi kuti muchepetse njira yosinthira shuga kukhala chakudya chawo chovuta,
• Idyani zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi wowuma kwambiri. Izi zikuphatikiza mbatata, nandolo ndi chimanga,
• Chakudya chizikhala ndi mapuloteni monga nsomba, nkhuku ndi nyemba.

Ndi hypoglycemia mwa ana, ndikofunikira kudya mbatata

Masana, ndikofunikira kudya zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi zovuta zamafuta. Izi zikuphatikiza amadyera, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, komanso mbewu monga chimanga ndi buledi wonse. Chakudya chotere chimabwezeretsa pang'onopang'ono thupi ndi glucose komanso chizindikiritso cha nthawi yayitali chizindikirochi.

Kupewa

Njira zothandizira ana akhanda kukhala ndi njira izi:

• Kuwonetsetsa kukhudzana kwanthawi yayitali kwa mayi ndi khungu lobadwa kumene mpaka khungu kuyambira mphindi zoyambirira kubadwa,
• Kuyamwitsa pafupipafupi. Zopindulitsa kwambiri komanso mtengo wake ndi mkaka ndi colostrum. Zomwe zimapangidwa ndizapadera, ndipo sizingakwaniritsidwe ndi mitundu ina ya makanda omwe alipo,
• Kupereka zakudya zoyenera panthawi yake komanso zopatsa thanzi,
• Mu maora 6 oyamba kubadwa, mwana amapatsidwa zakudya zapadera zamkati, monga zowonjezera mkaka wa m'mawere.
• Patsiku loyamba la moyo, kuchuluka kwa mkaka wa m'mawere womwe umamwa kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi 200 ml,
• Ngati sikotheka kulandira mkaka wa m'mawere ngati chakudya chachikulu, kukonzekera kwapadera kumathandizira kukhazikika kwa mwana, pamlingo wa 100 ml / kg wa mwana wakhanda.

Pakadutsa maola 2-4 aliwonse, mwana wakhanda amatenga magazi kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa shuga.

Kwa ana azaka zilizonse omwe ali ndi vuto la hypoglycemia, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti musadumphe chakudya chimodzi, ndikudya kamodzi kanayi pa tsiku. Komanso, njira zodzitetezera ndikuphatikiza malamulo otsatirawa:

• Zakudya ziyenera kuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa zipatso, mkate ndi chokoleti, zomwe zimathandizira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi,
• Kuwerengera molondola kuchuluka kwa insulini yoyendetsedwa, ndikugwirizanitsa ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya,
• Onjezani kuchuluka kwa insulin musanayambe kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi,
• Idyani nthawi yomweyo mukamakonzekera insulin.

Ndi hypoglycemia mwa ana, ndikofunikira kuti mwana nthawi zonse amakhala ndi china chokoma pafupi

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mwana yemwe ali ndi hypoglycemia nthawi zonse azikhala ndi maswiti amtundu wa maswiti kapena chokoleti cha chokoleti.

Kukula kwa thanzi la mwana ndi hypoglycemia zimatengera zomwe zimayambitsa kukonzekera kwa matenda, komanso kulondola kwakanthawi komanso chithandizo cha nthawi yake. Chifukwa chake, ngati matendawa apezeka chifukwa cha kukhwima, matenda amkati, kuvulala, komanso motsutsana ndi matendawo a matendawa, matendawa siabwino. Nthawi zambiri, mwa makanda obadwa kumene, mavuto amawonedwa amawonedwa, kuphatikizapo ma catarices ndi ma optic atrophy, komanso otsala pantchito yolimba.

Ndi chitukuko cha hypoglycemia wazaka zopitilira 1, muzochitika zambiri zam'tsogolo. Komabe, ndi mankhwala osayenera, ma parontitant pathologies amatha kuwoneka mu mawonekedwe a lore mu chitukuko cha thupi, kukanika kwa impso, kukha magazi m'mapapo, kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe ndi kuphatikizidwa kwa matenda opatsirana.

Chithandizo cha hypoglycemia mu ana

Hypoglycemia Nthawi zambiri imatha kusinthidwa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa shuga m'magazi (2-4 ml / kg 10% dextrose). Ndikofunikira kuchitapo kanthu kuti mupewe kuyambitsa kuchuluka kwambiri, chifukwa yankho lake ndi hypertonic. Ngati pakuchedwa kuchepa kwa kulowetsedwa kapena palibe yankho, glucagon (0.5-1 mg) amatumizidwa intramuscularly.

Glucocorticoids Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati hypopituitarism kapena hypoadrenalism. Kuwongolera kwa hypoglycemia kuyenera kulembedwa nthawi zonse ndi zotsatira zowunikira zasayansi.

Hypoglycemia:
• Ayenera kukhala kunja kwa mwana aliyense amene ali ndi vuto lalikulu la matenda okomoka, wolumala kapena wophwanya kuchuluka kwa chikumbumtima.
• Magazi a glucose otsika mukamayesa pafupi ndi kama wa wodwala (zingwe zoyeserera) ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa labu.
• Ngati zifukwa sizikudziwika, ndikofunikira kutolera zitsanzo za magazi ndi mkodzo, ngati zingatheke, munthawi yomweyo.

Limagwirira a chitukuko cha matenda

Glucose ndi gawo lofunikira lomwe limafunikira kuti kagayidwe kake kazitha. Chifukwa cha izi, minofu ndi maselo a thupi la munthu amathandizidwa. Kuti ziwalo zonse zizigwira ntchito moyenera, gawo linalake lachipangizoli liyenera kukhala m'magazi. Hypoglycemia mwa mwana ndi matenda omwe amachepetsa kwambiri shuga.

Vinthu ivi vikupangiska kuti muwoneke masuzgo muumoyo. Kuphatikiza apo, zotsatira za matendawa zimakhala chikomokere. Mwana akayamba kuvulazidwa, amakhala akutuluka thukuta komanso chizungulire, makolo sayenera kusiya zizindikilozi osakonzekera. Hypoglycemia imatha kubweretsa zotsatira zoyipa mwachangu kwambiri. Mawuwa amagwira ntchito kwa onse achikulire ndi odwala ochepa.

Zomwe zimathandizira pakukula kwa matendawa

Hypoglycemia mwa mwana nthawi zina imachitika chifukwa cha zinthu zakunja (zolakwika mu chakudya, kusala kudya nthawi yayitali, kulimbitsa thupi komanso kutengeka kwambiri). Kuphatikiza apo, matendawa amawonekera chifukwa cha zovuta zamtundu, kusokonezeka kwa ziwalo. Kutsika kowopsa m'magazi a glucose kumakhala kowopsa makamaka kwa makanda. Zotsatirazi zitha kulembedwa ngati zomwe zimayambitsa ana mu hypoglycemia:

1. Kuperewera kwa zinthu zofunika (fiber, mavitamini osiyanasiyana), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti insulini ipangidwe. Kuphwanya komweko kumatha kukhala chifukwa chowonjezera chakudya chamafuta m'zakudya.
2. Kumwa madzi pang'ono. Madzi ndi gawo lofunikira lomwe limathandizira kukonzekera koyenera kwa lipids ndi glucose olowa m'thupi.
3. Kusokonezeka kwa zamaganizidwe.

Mitundu yayikulu ya matendawa

Pali mitundu ingapo yamatenda. Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi matenda a shuga kapena chithandizo chokwanira cha matenda awa. Mtundu wina wa matendawa umachitika mwa ana masiku ochepa atabadwa. Nthawi zambiri amakula mwa ana omwe adabadwa asanakwane, omwe ali ndi vuto la hypoxia kapena matenda a metabolic. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mwana wotchedwa ketotic hypoglycemia mwa mwana. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa thanzi la wodwalayo chifukwa cha nthawi yochepa yanjala yokwanira. Akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti matenda am'mimba amaphatikizidwa ndi kuthekera kosakwanira kwa thupi kupanga shuga. Ana oterowo, monga lamulo, amadziwika ndi kutalika kochepa ndi thupi loonda. Kudya pafupipafupi komanso kwabwino kumathandiza kupewa matenda.

Kulandila madzi okhala ndi shuga kumathandizanso kukula kwa vutolo. Ndi zaka, Zizindikiro za ketotic hypoglycemia zimazimiririka zokha. Palinso matenda amtundu womwe umalumikizidwa ndi vuto la kwamikodzo. Matenda amtunduwu amatha kubweretsa zovuta mu impso.

Zizindikiro zamatsenga

Hypoglycemia mwa mwana ndi mkhalidwe wowopsa womwe ungayambitse zovuta zake. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi lingaliro lomveka la zisonyezo zake kuti muthe kugwiritsa ntchito njira zothandizira panthawi yake. Zowonetsa zazikulu za matenda a zam'thupi zimaphatikizapo izi:

Kuda nkhawa komanso kusakwiya. Maganizo a wodwalayo amakhala osasunthika. Nthawi zina mwana amadzimva kuti ndi wotopetsa ndikusiya chidwi ndi zinthu zomwe zimazungulira.

Kupezeka kwa zizindikiro pamwambapa kukusonyeza kukula kwa hypoglycemia mwa ana. Zizindikiro zamtunduwu sizinganyalanyazidwe. Ndikofunikira kufunsa katswiri posachedwa. Njira zodziwira bwino kuchipatala ndizomwe zimayambitsa matenda.

Kuwonetsedwa kwa matendawa akhanda

Hypoglycemia mu makanda ali ndi zizindikiro zonse za matenda. Komabe, zitha kuchitika popanda zizindikiro. Kenako matendawa ndi ovuta kuzindikira. Kupezeka kwake kumasonyezedwa pokhapokha ngati zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Zizindikiro za hypoglycemia mwa mwana wosakwana chaka chimodzi zimachitika mu mawonekedwe a khunyu ndikusowa pambuyo podyera kapena jekeseni wa shuga. Mu makanda, izi zimawonekera mu mawonekedwe a kupuma, minofu kugwedezeka, chikumbumtima chosazindikira, kutopa kapena kuda nkhawa. Nthawi zambiri, vutoli limatsogolera pakupanga zovuta zowopsa, mwachitsanzo, chikomokere. Hypoglycemia imakonda ana akhanda omwe amabadwa asanabadwe. Mu makanda oterowo, zizindikiro za matenda zimatchulidwa. Imadziwulula yokha mu kuphwanya zotsatirazi:

1. Kupambana
2. Kumachitika kwa kulanda.
3. Kuphwanya kukula kwa thupi.
4. Kuchepetsa chidwi.
5. Chisoni.
6. Cyanotic mthunzi wa khungu.
7. Zovuta ndi kupuma.

Adotolo, monga lamulo, amalipira chidwi chambiri pa thanzi la makanda obadwa tsiku lomaliza lisanachitike. Chifukwa chake, kupewa ndi kuchiza kwa hypoglycemia makanda asanakwane ndi kothandiza kwambiri kuposa kwa iwo omwe anabadwa nthawi.

Njira zochizira matenda makanda mpaka chaka

Ngati matenda atapezeka, dokotalayo amamulembera njira yothetsera vutoli. Amapatsidwa kwa mwana mu mawonekedwe a majekeseni kapena osakaniza ndi madzi. Pofuna kukonza njira yozindikira zinthu ndi thupi, katswiri angalimbikitse insulini. Amadziwika kuti ana omwe ali ndi hypoglycemia nthawi zambiri amabadwira odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Pankhaniyi, akatswiri amafunika kuyeserera magazi a laboratori mkati mwa theka la ola pambuyo pobadwa ndikuchita mayeso obwereza maola atatu aliwonse kwa masiku atatu.

Kupewa matendawa makanda

Kwa ana omwe amabadwa pa nthawi yake, kudyetsa mwachilengedwe ndi njira yabwino yodzitetezera. Zinthu zomwe zimakhala mkaka wa amayi zimatsimikizira kuyendetsa bwino kwa thupi. Hypoglycemia pamenepa ndi yotheka pokhapokha ngati mwana akudwala matenda osokoneza bongo kapena hypothermia. Mkhalidwe wa mwana yemwe wapatsidwa mankhwala a insulin kapena shuga ayenera kuyang'aniridwa bwino ndi akatswiri azachipatala.

Magawo a chitukuko cha matenda

Pali magawo angapo a matendawa, mwachitsanzo:

1. Digiri yoyamba yamatenda. Awa ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri, lomwe, likuwonetsa kukula kwamavuto mthupi. Nthawi yomweyo, mwana amatuluka thukuta kwambiri, kulira, kutsekeka kwa khungu, komanso kutsika kwa kutentha.
2. Gawo lachiwiri. Amadziwika ndi maonekedwe akusanza, malankhulidwe osadetsa nkhawa komanso kuwonongeka m'machitidwe owoneka.
3. Gawo lachitatu la matendawa. Kuwonetsedwa ndi kusazindikira, kugwedezeka kwamphamvu.
4. Coma. Ili ndi fomu yovuta kwambiri, yomwe, pakakhala kuti palibe chithandizo chamankhwala chapanthawi yake, chitha kupangitsa kuti wodwalayo afe.

Momwe mungapangire wodwalayo kumva bwino?

Ngati vuto la mwanayo likuipiraipira, adayamba chizungulire, khungu limatulutsa thukuta kwambiri, muyenera kuyesetsa kudziwa zomwe zingayambitse matendawo. Zizindikirozi zikuwonetsa kuchepa kwa glucose wamagazi. Kuti mupeze mulingo wa shuga muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chapadera. Kodi chithandizo chadzidzidzi cha hypoglycemia mwa ana ndi chiani? Ngati vuto likachitika, zotsatirazi ziyenera kuchitidwa:

1. Ikani wodwala pamalo apamwamba.
2. Itanani ntchito ya ambulansi.
3. Patsani mwana wanu madzi ndi zinthu zotsekemera.
4. Valani chovala pamphumi panu.

Kuphatikiza apo, "Hematogen" imathandizira kuchepetsa mkhalidwe wodwala akakhala ndi vuto la hypoglycemia. Izi zimathandiza kuwonjezera shuga ndi magazi. Komanso, ntchito ya ambulansi isanafike, mutha kuyikamo jakisoni wa glucose ngati mankhwalawo ali pafupi.

Kodi mungapewe bwanji kuukira?

Ndi hypoglycemia mwa mwana, chithandizo chimaphatikizapo jekeseni wokhazikika wa insulin, yomwe imachepetsa shuga. Popewa kukula kwachulukidwe, muyenera kutsatira malangizo ngati awa:

1. Makolo ayenera kuphunzitsa mwana wawo wamwamuna kapena wamkazi momwe angapangire jakisoni. Kuphatikiza apo, mwana amafunika kufotokozera momwe angayang'anire glucose pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizocho.
2. Muuzeni wodwala za matenda a shuga ochepa. Muyenera kum'phunzitsa zochita zolondola ngati zasokonekera (mwachitsanzo, kuti muyenera kudya zakudya zotsekemera kapena kupempha thandizo kwa akuluakulu).
3. Idyani zakudya zoyenera.
4. Pewani zochuluka.
5. Sonyezani kuleza mtima kwa dokotala pafupipafupi.

Makolo a wodwalayo ayenera kudziwa momwe angathere pokhudzana ndi matenda monga hypoglycemia, zizindikiro, zomwe zimayambitsa. Chithandizo cha ana chiyeneranso kukhala ndi cholinga chothana ndi matenda a concomitant.