Zoyambitsa zazikulu za matenda ashuga

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amathandizidwa ndi kuchepa kwa chiwopsezo cha minyewa kupita ku insulin kapena kuchepa kwake kapangidwe ka thupi. Matendawa amapezeka ndi anthu opitilira 150 miliyoni padziko lapansi. Komanso, kuchuluka kwa odwala kukukula chaka chilichonse. Kodi ndimayani omwe amayambitsa matenda ashuga?

Limagwirira a chitukuko cha matenda

Kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito bwino, thupi limafunika shuga. Kulowetsa magazi, amasinthidwa mphamvu. Popeza chinthucho chili ndi zovuta kupanga, wopangirayo amafunika kuti glucose alowe mkati mwa cell. Ntchito ya wochititsayo imachitika ndi insulin yachilengedwe. Amapangidwa ndi ma cell a beta a kapamba (islets of Langerhans).

Mwa munthu wathanzi, insulini imapangidwa mosalekeza. Mwa odwala matenda ashuga, njirayi imalephera. Mtundu wa 1 wa matenda ashuga (mawonekedwe a insulin), chomwe chimapangitsa kuperewera kwa mahomoni amakhala m'thupi lathunthu. Matendawa amawonekera ngati gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu a maselo opanga insulin (IPC) amagwira ntchito.

Zomwe zimayambitsa ndi mapangidwe a chitukuko cha mtundu wa 2 shuga mellitus (mawonekedwe osagwirizana ndi insulin) amasiyana ndi mtundu wakale. Kupanga kwa insulin kumachitika mulingo woyenera. Komabe, ziwalo zam'mimba sizikugwirizana ndi mahomoni. Izi zimalepheretsa kulowa kwa mamolekyulu a shuga m'matumba.

Kuwonongedwa kwa zilumba za Langerhans

Nthawi zina kuwonongeka kwa autoimmune kwa maselo a beta ndiye chimwala cha chiyambi cha matenda ashuga. Chifukwa chakuwukira kwa ma receptors ndi maselo a T, kuphatikiza kwa insulin kumachepetsedwa. Ndi chigonjetso chachikulu cha maselo a beta, wodwalayo amakakamizidwa kubaya jakisoni wa insulin nthawi zonse. Kupanda kutero, pali mwayi wokhala ndi zovuta zazikulu, mpaka kufa.

Matenda a Endocrine

Izi zikuphatikiza:

Hyperthyroidism: yodziwika ndi kupanga kwambiri insulin ndi kapamba,
Cushing's syndrome: yodziwika ndi kapangidwe ka cortisol owonjezera,
acromegaly: yapezeka ndi kuphatikizika kwambiri kwa mahomoni okula,
glucagon: chotupa mu kapamba chimadzetsa kuwonjezeka kwa glucagon wa mahomoni.

Mankhwala opaka

Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mankhwalawa kungayambitsenso vuto la maselo a beta. Izi zimaphatikizapo ma tranquilizer, okodzetsa, mankhwala a psychotropic, nicotinic acid, ndi zina zambiri. Nthawi zambiri, matenda ashuga amapezeka chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali mankhwala a mahomoni omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mphumu, psoriasis, nyamakazi ndi colitis.

Khalidweli

Monga momwe zinalili koyamba, zifukwa zimayambira pakubadwa kwa majini. Ndi kuzindikira kwa makolo onsewa, mwayi wokhala ndi matenda ashuga mwa ana ndi 60%. Ngati kholo limodzi limadwala, ndiye kuti zoterezi zimafika 30%. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha chidwi champhamvu cha endephalin amkati, omwe amachititsa kuti insulin itulutsidwe.

Kunenepa kwambiri

Nthawi zambiri, matenda ashuga mwa akazi ndi amuna amakhala chifukwa cha kunenepa kwambiri komanso kunenepa kwambiri. Kupanga mwachangu kwamafuta acids kumachitika mthupi. Zimakhudza kapangidwe ka mahomoni ndi kapamba. Kuphatikiza apo, mafuta acids amawononga zisumbu za Langerhans. Wodwalayo amakhala akukumana ndi ludzu lamphamvu komanso njala.

Khalidwe labwino

Kukana zolimbitsa thupi kumayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa njira za metabolic. Izi zimayambitsa kukula kwa prediabetes ndi matenda ashuga.

Zinthu zamaganizidwe zimatha kuyambitsa matenda a shuga a 2. Mukapanikizika, thupi limapanga mahomoni ambiri, kuphatikizapo insulin. Zotsatira zake, kapamba samagwirizana ndi ntchito yake.

Matenda a shuga kwa ana

Zinthu zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda amtundu wa 1 ana:

pafupipafupi matenda opatsirana ndi ma virus
chibadwa
kuchepa chitetezo chokwanira
kuchuluka kwa thupi la wakhanda woposa makilogalamu 4.5,
matenda kagayidwe.

Komanso, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a pathology zimatha kukhala zovuta kuchitapo kanthu pakuchita opareshoni.

Matenda a shuga

Chomwe chimapangitsa kukula kwa shuga kwa amayi apakati ndikuchepa kwa chidwi cha maselo amthupi kupita ku insulin yopanga. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mahomoni pakubala kwa mwana. Placenta imatulutsa cortisol, lactogen yachilengedwe ndi estrogen. Zinthu izi zimalepheretsa insulin.

Anomaly amapezeka sabata lama 20. Pakadali pano, zomwe glucose ali mthupi la mkazi zimakhala zapamwamba kuposa momwe munthu amakhalira wathanzi. Nthawi zambiri mwana akabadwa, mayiyo amakhala wokhazikika.

Matenda amishuga amakono samakula mwa amayi onse apakati. Zifukwa zomwe zingakhalepo ndi izi:

Zaka za mayi wamtsogolo. Chiwopsezochi chikuwonjezeka chaka chilichonse, kuyambira zaka 25.
Kulemera kwa mwana wakale kumaposa 4 kg.
Mimba kwambiri.
Polyhydramnios.
Kusabereka ndi kusokonezeka pathupi nthawi zambiri (nthawi zambiri 3).
Kuwonongeka kwa chiwopsezo (mbiri ya abale apamtima ili ndi mtundu wa 1 kapena matenda ashuga 2).

Zinthu Zovuta

Choopsa chachikulu cha matenda a shuga amtundu 1 ndi mtundu 2 ndicho zovuta zake. Pankhani imeneyi, kudziwitsa matendawa panthawi yake komanso njira zoyenera zopewera ndikofunikira.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mlingo waukulu wa mahomoni. Izi zimayambitsa hypoglycemia ndi hypoglycemic coma. Matenda a wodwalayo akuipiraipiraipira chifukwa cha kutsika kwa shuga m'magazi. Palibe choopsa chilichonse kuperewera kwa insulin. Zimatengera zotsatirapo zomwezo. Wodwalayo amadandaula kuti amakhala akumva kufooka, ludzu komanso njala. Hyperglycemic chikomokere nthawi zambiri chimapha.

Kudya kosaloledwa ka zinthu zopanda shuga. Thupi siligwirizana ndi kukonzanso kwa glucose omwe akubwera. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kutsatira kwambiri zakudya, kusiya confectionery.

Kuchita zolimbitsa thupi. Ngati simumaganizira za thanzi ndi mlingo wa mankhwala omwe amachepetsa shuga, pamakhala chiwopsezo cha kutsika kwa shuga m'magazi.

Ketoacidosis, ketoacidotic chikomokere, matenda am'mimba matenda a shuga, manja. Ndi kuphwanya kwa magazi kumitsempha yama mitsempha, neuropathy imayamba. Kupanikizika kumayendetsedwa ndi zovuta zingapo zamagalimoto ndi zam'mutu.

Zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimayambitsa matenda. Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga ndi izi: kunenepa kwambiri, kudziwikiratu zamtundu, kuchepa kwa kagayidwe kachakudya ka thupi ndi zinthu zina. Kupezeka kokha ndi chithandizo choyambirira kumapereka mwayi wokhala ndi moyo wonse.