Amayambitsa, matenda ndi matenda a shuga angiopathy a m'munsi malekezero
Kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya zamagawo akumunsi, mawonekedwe am'maso kapena impso mu shuga amatchedwa diabetes. Chiwopsezo chachikulu cha matendawa chimadziwika ndi anthu opitilira zaka 50, ngakhale ali ndi zaka zingati. Mwayi wake ndiwokulirapo kwa iwo omwe akhala ndi matenda ashuga kwambiri. Matendawa pawokha ndi makulidwe amitsempha yolimba, chifukwa cha momwe maimidwe awo amawonongeka ndipo magazi amayenda. Izi zimabweretsa zosasinthika zosagwirizana ndi magazi m'mitsempha iyi.
Kodi matenda ashuga angiopathy ndi chiyani?
Ili ndi dzina la kupsinjika kwa shuga wa nthawi yayitali, womwe ndi chotupa cham'mimba. Ndi gawo lowonongeka la matendawa, i.e. pamene misempha yokwezeka yamwazi imakhalapo kwakanthawi, mavuto am'mitsempha amatha kuyamba kale kuposa momwe zimakhazikitsidwa ndi insulin. International Classization of Diseases (ICD-10) imapereka ma code asanu a izi. Zonsezi zikuwonetsa kuphwanyidwa kwazungulira, koma zimakhala ndi kusiyana kutengera mtundu wa matenda ashuga:
- ndi mawonekedwe a insulin - E10.5,
- Ndi mawonekedwe osagwira insulin - E11.5,
- pamene matenda ashuga amakumana ndi vuto la kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi - E12.5,
- pa mitundu ina ya shuga - E13.5,
- ndi chifukwa chosadziwika cha matenda ashuga - E14.5.
Zolinga za Asitomala
Matendawa amathanso kukhudza mitsempha yaying'ono komanso yayikulu. Mwanjira yoyamba, matenda am'mimba amatchedwa macroangiopathy, ndipo chachiwiri - microangiopathy. Mitundu yonseyi ndiosintha kowawa m'mitsempha yamagazi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga. Zotsatira zake, magwiridwe antchito omwe amapereka ndi magazi amasokonezeka. Itha kukhala:
Kuwonekera kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya angiopathy kuli ndi mawonekedwe ake. Iliyonse ya izo imadziwika ndi zizindikiro zina. Ambiri omwe ali ndi angiopathy a ziwiya zamagawo am'munsi, omwe amawonjezera angioretinopathy ndi nephropathy. Odwala ena atha kukumana ndi mitundu ingapo ya matendawa nthawi imodzi, chifukwa chake, mndandanda wazodandaula za odwala uphatikiza Zizindikiro za aliyense wa iwo. Awa amathanso kukhala mavuto ndi masomphenya, pomwe "ntchentche" zimayamba kuwala pamaso. Zizindikiro zina ndizodandaula pang'onopang'ono komanso kupweteka m'miyendo, kuthina kwamkodzo, kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndi zina zambiri.
Miyendo Yotsika
Zizindikiro zamtunduwu wa angiopathy zitha kuphatikizidwa komanso kusintha kwa matenda a shuga komanso matenda amitsempha yamagazi. Zowonetsera zamatenda ndizo:
- Kuchita dzanzi, goosebumps, mapazi ozizira. Izi ndi zizindikiro zoyambirira za angiopathy. Amawoneka mumtunda, kumapazi, minofu ya ng'ombe. Choyambitsa ndikulephera kwa magazi ndi kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha (neuropathy). Chifukwa cha kusayenda bwino kwa magazi, kuzizira ndi kuyera m'miyendo kumamveka.
- Kulankhula momasuka, kuwawa. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mpweya kwa nthawi yayitali, kupweteka, kumva kupsinjika ndi nkhawa m'miyendo imawonekera. Mikwingwirima imasokoneza poyenda komanso popuma, nthawi zambiri usiku kugona.
- Kusintha kwa Dystrophic pakhungu la miyendo. Amakhala wotuwa, ozizira, tsitsi limayamba kutuluka. Misomali imakhala yolimba komanso yophweka. Chifukwa chosakwanira kudya minofu, kusintha kwawo kumachitika.
- Zovuta za trophic. Ndi kuwonongeka kwa matenda a shuga, kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa chitetezo kumachitika. Zotsatira zake ndikukula kwa zilonda za trophic ngakhale chifukwa chophweka. Mbali yawo ndi kusowa kwa zowawa. Zilonda zimapangidwa kumtunda wotsika, phazi, pamatumbo akale, zimatha kupita ku gangrene.
- Matenda a shuga. Amasintha kusintha kwa ma trophic ndi a osteoarticular. Imachitika kumapeto kwa matenda a angiopathy. Zilonda zam'mimba zimafikira mafupa ndi ma tendon, phazi la Charcot (diabetesic osteoarthropathy) limayamba, kuwonetsedwa ndi dislocations ndi fractures.
Poyambirira, kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya za retina kuli ngati asymptomatic. Chifukwa cha izi, odwala amapita kwa dokotala mochedwa kwambiri, pozindikira zotsatirazi za matenda a shuga angioretinopathy:
- kutsika kwamawonedwe owoneka mpaka khungu,
- cheza, kunyezimira, malo amdima pamaso pa maso,
- chophimba kapena chophimba pamaso panu,
- retinal edema,
- mitsempha yochepetsedwa mu fundus,
- zotupa zazing'onoting'ono m'mitsempha ikuluikulu monga mawonekedwe a madontho,
- Kutupa pakati pa macula,
- angapo ofewa exizates pa retina.
Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga a Nephropathy
Kukula kwamtunduwu wa angiopathy kumalumikizidwa ndi kusintha kwamatumbo m'matumbo a impso ndi zotsatira zoyipa za glucose pa iwo, zomwe zimayamba kupatsidwa mkodzo limodzi ndi mkodzo, ndikupereka mtolo wowonjezereka pazinthuzo. Kuzindikira kwa nephropathy kumawonjezeredwa kwa matenda ashuga pambuyo pazaka 10-15. Pathology ikhoza kuzindikiridwa ndi zizindikiro izi:
- Kutupa m'maso, kowonetsedwa m'mawa,
- ludzu losalekeza
- kupopa kwambiri komanso pafupipafupi,
- kuthamanga kwa magazi
- Kuchepetsa magwiridwe
- kufooka m'thupi
- kugona
- kukokana
- chizungulire
- kusanza ndi kusanza.
Amayambitsa ndi zimagwirira matenda
Chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a angiopathy ndi matenda a shuga komanso kuchuluka kwa glucose komwe kumadziwika ndi matendawa. The limagwirira a chitukuko cha matenda:
- Kuchokera m'magazi, shuga amayamba kulowa mkati mwa ziwiya - endothelium,
- Momwemo ndikuphwanya kwa kagayidwe ka sorbitol ndi fructose, madzi omwe amasonkhana,
- chomaliza ndiye chifukwa cha edema komanso kuchuluka kwa zipupa za mitsempha yamagazi,
- chifukwa cha izi, amayamba kukula, zomwe zimayambitsa kutulutsa kwakutali.
- mu ziwiya, kamvekedwe ka mawu ndi kupumira pofunikira, chinthu chotsalira cha endotheli, chimatha kupangidwa,
- kupatsidwa zinthu za m'magazi kumalimbikitsidwa, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi thrombosis, kuchepa kwa lumen kapena kufalikira kwathunthu kwa mitsempha yamagazi,
- Amachulukitsa kukakamira, chifukwa magazi amayatsidwa m'mitsempha yoyandikana nayo,
- chifukwa cha izi, mpweya wabwino sufikira minofu ya ziwalo, zomwe zimatsogolera ku hyperglycemia yomwe imakhala nthawi yayitali.
Gulu
Gulu lalikulu la angiopathy limagawa mitundu, poganizira zomwe ziwiya zomwe zidakhudzidwa ndipo ziwalo zomwe zidawonongeka chifukwa. Izi zidatilola kudziwa mitundu ya matendawa:
- Macroangiopathy mu shuga. Ndi kugonja kwa ziwiya zazikulu za mtima ndi zam'munsi. Izi zikugwira ntchito pamitsempha yama popliteal, ziwiya za iliac, zotupa zam'miyendo, msempha, komanso gawo la akazi. Mu 70% ya milandu, matenda ashuga macroangiopathy am'munsi amadziwika
- Microangiopathy. Ichi ndi chotupa cha microvasculature. Kutengera zotengera zomwe ziwalo zimakhudzidwa, mitundu yotsatirayi ya angiopathy imasiyanitsidwa:
- diabetesic angionephropathy, yomwe imapezeka mu 75% ya milandu, nthawi zambiri ndi mtundu 1 wa matenda osokoneza bongo (kuwonongeka kwa impso zam'mimba),
- matenda ashuga retinopathy, kupangitsa kuti anthu asaone mu 5% milandu (mtima wam'maso),
- encephalopathy yowona mu 80% ya odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1 (kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya zazing'onoting'ono zaubongo, kuphatikizapo capillaries ndi arterioles),
- matenda ashuga microangiopathy a m'munsi malekezero.
- Zosakanizika zophatikizika. Angiopathy yotsika kwambiri mu shuga mellitus nthawi zambiri imaphatikizidwa ndi mitundu ina - retinopathy ndi nephropathy.
Zomwe zimayambitsa komanso zowopsa pakukula kwa matendawa
Matenda a shuga ndi omwe amayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya zam'munsi. Komanso, kusowa kwa mankhwala a hypoglycemic okwanira kumathandizira pa njirayi. Kuchepetsa ziwiya za m'madzi ndi shuga ndi zinthu zake zama metabolic (sorbitol, fructose) kumapangitsa kuti madzi azikhazikika kukhoma, kuchepa kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi, komanso kuchuluka kwa thrombosis, chifukwa endothelium ndiyo imayendetsa kayendedwe ka njirazi. Popita nthawi, zombo zazing'ono zimasokosera, ndipo zazikulu zimapanga zotumphukira. Kuwonongeka kwa khoma la endothelial m'matumba akuluakulu-caliberi kumabweretsa mapangidwe a atherosulinotic malo ndi kufalikira kwa kuwala kwawo.
Kapangidwe ka cholesterol plaques kumayambitsa kuphwanya magazi m'magawo otsika ndipo, chifukwa chake, kwa matenda ashuga angiopathy
Kutengera izi, zomwe zimayambitsa chiwopsezo cha matenda a mtima m'magazi ndi izi:
- chibadwa champhamvu cha mtima kupuma - ndi matenda ashuga, zotsatira zoyipa za glucose zimathandizira njira zowonongeka za khoma lamitsempha.
- matenda oopsa - kuthamanga kwa magazi kumayika katundu wina pakhoma la chotengera chowonongeka,
- lipid kagayidwe kachakudya - ndi owonjezera mafuta m'thupi, amayamba kuyikika mkati (endothelial) wosanjikiza chotengera ndikutseka lumen yake,
- Kusuta - chikonga komanso makina amitsempha yamagazi,
- uchidakwa - umabweretsa chiwopsezo chachikulu,
- zaka zopitilira 55
- kugunda kwamtima (kosasintha),
- kutalika kwa matenda ashuga kuposa zaka 10.
Microangiopathy
Ndi microangiopathy, pali madigiri asanu ndi limodzi a zovuta zomwe zimasiyana mu zizindikiritso ndi mawonekedwe akumalo a wodwalayo.
- kuchuluka kwa zeroangi ya microangiopathy sikumayambitsa kusasangalatsa kwa wodwala, koma pakayang'aniridwa, khungu limatsika, kuchepa kapena kusakhalapo kwa kukula kwa tsitsi pamiyendo, mawonekedwe owala pakhungu amawonekera,
- pa digiri yoyamba, khungu limayamba kuchepa, odwala amadandaula ndikumva kuzizira m'miyendo, kupweteka poyenda, zilonda zowoneka bwino zimawoneka popanda zizindikiro za kutupa,
- digiri yachiwiri ya microangiopathy mwa odwala imayendera limodzi ndi mapangidwe a zilonda zam'mimba, zomwe sizimangofalikira kwa minofu yofewa, komanso kukhudza mafupa, pomwe pali kutchulidwa kwa ululu,
- ndi digiri yachitatu, m'mphepete mwa zilonda zam'mimba ndi pansi zimafa, zimakhala zodetsa nkhawa komanso zakuda. Phlegmon imapangidwa mofananira, mwendo umatupa, umakhala wosalala. Nthawi zina, shin osteomyelitis imayamba,
Zilonda zam'miyendo zam'munsi zokhala ndi matenda am'mimba zimatha kubweretsa gangore mtsogolo
Macroangiopathy
Matenda a Macroangiopathic am'munsi kwambiri omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ali ndi zizindikiro zingapo zofala:
- kumverera kwa dzanzi, kuziziritsa, mapokoso,
- kupweteka m'misempha ya ng'ombe, yomwe nthawi zambiri imayendetsedwa ndi kukokana,
- kusintha kwa minofu yofewa komanso kutsekeka kwa minofu yam'munsi,
- kupangika kwa zilonda zam'mimba chifukwa kuyikika kwa nthawi yayitali kuzinthu za metabolic.
Zizindikiro kutengera gawo la macroangiopathy
Kutengera ndi gawo la macroangiopathy, wodwalayo adalemba izi:
- 1 - wodwalayo amadandaula kuti kuzizira m'miyendo ndi thukuta kwambiri pamiyendo, kuphatikizika kwa msomali wazala kumiyendo, kupweteka komanso kuwonda pambuyo pakuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi,
- 2A - kayendedwe ka wodwalayo kumakhala kovuta, kuwonjezera pa kumva kuzizira kwamiyendo ngakhale nyengo yofunda, dzanzi kumiyendo ikupezeka, khungu lotuwa la miyendo limatuluka thukuta mwamphamvu, ndipo kupuma kumachulukirachulukira,
- 2B - lameness wopitilira,
- 3A - wodwalayo amadandaula za kupweteka kwambiri m'miyendo ndi kukokana pafupipafupi kupumula ndipo usiku, khungu pamiyendo limasanduka chikaso, limakhala louma ndipo limasweka kwambiri. Mukatsitsa miyendo yanu pabedi imasanduka buluu
- 3B - kuphatikiza pa kupweteka kosalekeza, zotupa za edema, zilonda zam'mimba zopangidwa ndi necrotizing.
- 4 - pali necrotization ya phazi komanso kukula kwa matenda opatsirana mmenemo chifukwa chophatikiza ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Mawonekedwe a phazi la matenda ashuga
M'masiku omaliza a macroangiopathy, kusintha kwakukulu kumachitika, komwe kumatchedwa phazi la matenda ashuga. Amapezeka pafupifupi 2/3 odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ndipo nthawi zambiri amabweretsa kudulidwa. Kuphatikiza pa kusintha komwe kumachitika mu macroangiopathy, sclerosis, ndikuzama kwambiri kwamitsempha, njira zam'magazi zophatikizika ndi mafupa zimapangidwanso mwanjira iyi.
Zimatha kudzutsa phokoso la matenda ashuga:
- kuvulaza kwakhungu pakhungu (zikande, kumenya kuluma kachilombo),
- kupindika
- matenda oyamba ndi misomali,
- ingrown toenail,
- keratinization a zigawo za khungu ndi matenda awo.
Wodwala yemwe wakhala ndi matenda a shuga kwa nthawi yayitali ayenera kukhala atcheru kuti adziwe chizindikiro kuchokera kumapazi:
- edema
- redness pakhungu,
- kusowa kwamitsempha m'mitsempha,
- Amachepetsa kutentha kwapakhomo komanso kuchepa kwa tsitsi pamtunda wakunja (kumbuyo).
Zizindikiro zonsezi zitha kuwonetsa kuyambika kwa matenda ashuga othamanga.
Njira zoyesera
Njira zofufuzira za angiopathy za matenda ashuga zimatengera njira zomwe zimapangidwira. Kuti apange matenda anu, katswiriyu samangogwiritsa ntchito zowunika zokha, komanso njira zowonjezera zowunikira.
- Kudziwitsa za zigawo za lipid - okwanira cholesterol, otsika komanso otsika kwambiri a lipoprotein.
- Kuwerenga kwa kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin ya glycosylated - kutalika kwa njira yochepetsera shuga sikuthandiza, kukwera kwake.
- Dopplerography yamatumbo am'munsi am'munsi - amathandizira kuwunika kuthamanga kwa magazi, mkhalidwe wamavalo amitsempha ndi mawonekedwe awo. Njira imagwiritsidwa ntchito mosalephera mwa odwala omwe ali ndi zilonda zam'mimba.
- Ultrasound yamitsempha ya miyendo - imapangitsa kudziwa kukula kwa zigawo za khoma lamitsempha ndi kuthekera kwawo, imawulula kuchuluka kwa magazi ndi kutulutsa kwina kwa zotupa pa endothelium, kupezeka kwa mapasidwe a atherosselotic, komanso kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi kuchuluka kwa magazi ndi maselo ofewa.
Arteriography imakuthandizani kuti muyeze kuchuluka kwa mtima wa patency
Kapangidwe ka zilonda zam'mimba ndizodziwikiratu kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya zam'mimba zosiyanasiyana, zomwe ziyenera kusiyanitsidwa.
Kusiyanitsa kosiyanasiyana kwa zilonda zam'mimba - gome
Mtundu wa zilonda zam'mimba | Chifukwa | Chitukuko | Ululu | Mafomu |
Zakale | Zowopsa zamitsempha, matenda a Buerger | Zala, phazi, phewa | Adalengeza | Maonekedwe osiyanasiyana, okhala ndi maziko oterera, owuma |
Zoyipa | Matenda a venous osakwanira | Malo a Ankle, makamaka zamankhwala | Wofatsa | Yokhotakhota, yapinki m'munsi komanso yosungika |
Osakanizidwa arteriovenous | Matenda a venous osakwanira komanso kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa mitsempha | Nthawi zambiri m'miyendo | Wofatsa | Yokhotakhota, yoyambira pinki |
Khungu lakhungu | Matenda a systemic, embolism | Otsika lachitatu la miyendo, dera la ankolo | Adalengeza | Zochepa, nthawi zambiri |
Neuropathic | Diabetesic Neuropathy, Vitamini akusowa Neuropathy | Chomera pamwamba pa phazi (chonyamula katundu) | Ndikusowa | Mphepete zopanda pake, nthawi zambiri zakuya, zopatsirana |
Neuroischemic | Diabetesic Neuropathy + Ischemia | Localization ngati ischemic, neuropathic kapena ochepa zilonda | Chifukwa cha neuropathy - yafupika | Maonekedwe osiyanasiyana, okhala ndi maziko oterera, owuma |
Chithandizo cha mtima mavuto a shuga
Kuti muchiritse bwino matenda a shuga angiopathies, ndikofunikira kuyamba ndi kuchotsa chifukwa chachikulu - kusinthasintha kwa shuga m'magazi komanso kuthamanga kwa hemoglobin wa glycosylated. Ndikofunikira kutsatira malangizo a moyo:
- chakudya chamagulu kupatula mafuta opatsirana ndi kugaya chakudya mofulumira. Kudya zakudya ngati "mbale yapa chakudya", pomwe theka la malonda ndi ndiwo zamasamba, 25% ndi nyama yochepa, ndipo wina 25% ndi zakudya zamafuta,
Zakudya za shuga za matenda ashuga zimathandiza kuchepetsa shuga wamagazi ndi cholesterol yathunthu
Mankhwala
Pa magawo oyamba a kukula kwa micro- ndi macroangiopathy, chithandizo chokhazikika chomwe chimalimbikitsa kuthetsa zizotheka ndizotheka.
- Mankhwala ochepetsa shuga ayenera kuphatikizidwanso mu regimen ya chithandizo, chifukwa ndizosatheka kukwaniritsa zotsatira za kutsika kwokhazikika kwa glucose kokha mwa kuwongolera moyo ndi zakudya. Ambiri mwa iwo ndi Metformin, Diabeteson, Amaril. Mlingo umatengera magawo a labotale ndipo ndi amodzi payekha.
- Cardiomagnyl kapena Aspirin amagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa magazi. Mankhwalawa amachepetsa kuthekera kwa mapulateleti kutsatira ndikusintha kwamphamvu yamagazi.
- Ndi macroangiopathies, ma statins - Ator, Rosuvastatin, Lovastatin amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhazikika ndikuletsa kupangidwe kwa malo a atherosranceotic.
- Kusintha kapena kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi kuyenera kuwongoleredwa ndi othandizira antihypertensive - Lisinopril, Equator, Valsartan.
- Pankhani ya edema yokwanira, okodzetsa amagwiritsidwa ntchito - Torasemide, Veroshpiron, Lasix.
- A shuga angiopathy amafunikira mankhwala a vasodilation - Trental, Niacin, Pentoxifyline.
Zimayambitsa komanso zowopsa
Kutema kwa makoma ndi kuwonongedwa kwa mitsempha ya magazi kumabweretsa kuyenda kwamitsempha m'magazi otsika. Zotsatira zake, minofu sililandira michere ndi mpweya.
Makoma amitsempha yamagazi amakhala osalimba chifukwa chothinikizidwa pafupipafupi komanso kutalika kwa shuga.
Kuwoneka pafupipafupi kwa matenda ashuga a shuga m'magawo otsika kumalumikizidwa ndi katundu waukulu wokhudza miyendo.
Chofunikira kwambiri ndizowopsa zomwe zimakonda kuyenda ndi wodwalayo pakukula kwa matenda a shuga:
- Kukana kwa insulini ndikuphwanya mayankho a thupi pakuwonetsa insulin.
- Dyslipidemia ndikuphwanya kupanga, kagayidwe ndi kutulutsa mafuta m'magazi.
- Zachilengedwe mawonekedwe otupa.
- Kunenepa kwambiri
- Hyperglycemia - shuga wambiri.
- Mabala osavomerezeka.
- Kukhalapo kwa chimanga ndi chimanga.
- Kuchulukitsa kwa magazi.
- Kusintha kwa msomali.
- Endothelial dysfunction - kuwonongeka kwa mkati wosanjikiza wamaselo am'mimba.
- Matenda oopsa a arterial ndi kuchuluka kwa magazi.
- Kuwonongeka kwa maselo munthawi ya oxidation kumapangitsa kupsinjika kwa oxidative.
Komabe, zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa ngozi zakunja zimasiyananso:
- Age: nthawi zambiri matenda a m'mimba amapangidwa mwa amuna pambuyo pa zaka 45 ndipo mwa akazi pambuyo pa zaka 55.
- Kudziletsa.
- Khalidwe labwino.
- Poizoni pantchito.
- Kusuta.
Kukhalapo kwa chizindikiro chimodzi kapena zingapo za matendawo ndi mkangano wamphamvu pofunafuna chithandizo chamankhwala. Kuzindikira mochedwa matenda kapena kusowa kwa chithandizo kumakulitsa chiopsezo cha kulumala. Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga angiopathy zimadalira kuopsa kwa matendawo ndi mawonekedwe ake.
Macroangiopathy nthawi zambiri imakhudza zigamba za popliteal, ndipo maphunzirowa amakhala aukali. Pathology nthawi zambiri imayambitsa kubala komanso kudula manja.
Zizindikiro za microangiopathy kutengera siteji - tebulo
Gawo | Kufotokozera |
Zero | Pa zero zero, palibe chovuta, koma adokotala amatha kuzindikira kusintha komwe kwachitika. |
Choyamba |
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Chachiwiri |
|
Chachitatu |
|
Chachinayi | Imfa yaminga imapitirira zilonda zam'mimba. |
Lachisanu | Pamabwera necrosis ya phazi lonse, kotero pakufunika kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu. |
Zizindikiro za macroangiopathy kutengera siteji - tebulo
Masiteji | Zizindikiro |
1 |
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2A |
|
2B | Pali zizindikiro zomwe zili mu grade 2A, koma lameness imatchulidwanso. |
3A | Kuphatikiza pa zomwe zidatchulidwa kale, zowonjezera zimachitika:
|
3B |
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4 |
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Zizindikiro
Ngati odwala matenda ashuga angayambike, wodwalayo ayenera kufunsa dokotala posachedwa. Katswiriyo amasanthula wodwalayo ndi kutolera madandaulo. Pambuyo potsimikizira kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga, kuyezetsa kothandizidwa kumayambitsidwa.
Muzochita zachipatala, njira zingapo zodziwira matenda zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ndi chithandizo chake, zambiri mwatsatanetsatane pamapangidwe a zimakhala zofewa zimapezeka.
- Angiography. Zimathandizira kuwunika kuchuluka kwa mtima wam'magazi. Katundu wapadera umalowetsedwa m'thupi la wodwalayo, pambuyo pake ndi x-ray. Angiography imakupatsani mwayi kuti mufufuze kuchuluka kwa mtima wa patency
- Zolemba pamakompyuta Amakulolani kuti mudziwe mwatsatanetsatane za dera lomwe lakhudzidwalo.
- Kuyesa kwa Ultrasound Ndi chithandizo chake, kamvekedwe ka makoma a mtima ndi momwe alili. Mukasanthula mobwerezabwereza mumawonetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi ndikuwunika kuchuluka kwa mitsempha yamagazi.
Njira yokhayo imafunikira kuti zotsatira zabwino zitheke. Njira zochizira zingasiyane malingana ndi kuopsa kwa matendawa komanso zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga.
Opaleshoni
Opaleshoni imakhudzidwa kwambiri. Chizindikiro cha ntchito ndi kukhalapo kwa njira ya purulent-necrotic chikhalidwe yomwe imayika chiwopsezo pamoyo wa wodwalayo (zilonda ndi minofu yakufa, kuwonongeka kwakanthawi kwa mafupa komanso kufalikira kwa necrosis).
Ikani njira zotsatirazi:
- Endarterectomy - kuonetsetsa kuti magazi amayenda kudzera munthambi zopangidwa ndikuchotsa mitsempha yamagazi yomwe singabwezeretsedwe.
- Angioplasty - kubwezeretsa kwa magazi.
- Opaleshoni yoyendetsa mozungulira - kupangidwa kwa nthambi yowonjezereka, kulola kudutsa ngalawa zomwe zakhudzidwa. Kubwezeretsa kwa patency ya ziwongo zamagetsi zomwe zimakhudzidwa kumachitika ndi stenting
- Kukakamira kwa mitsempha ya miyendo (kulowererapo kwa maselo) - kukhazikitsidwa kwa kwapadera komwe ma lumen amadzibwezera.
- Sympatectomy - kuchotsedwa kwa mitsempha ya mitsempha yomwe imayambitsa kuphipha kwa mitsempha.
- Kuyambiranso minofu yakufa.
- Zochita zaukhondo - kutsegulira kwa ma abscesses ndi phlegmon (kutupa kwa chikhalidwe cha purulent).
- Kuduladula miyendo (kwambiri).
Zithandizo za anthu ndi kuthana ndi homeopathy
Ngati njira yowonjezerapo chithandizo, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azizovomerezeka amaloledwa. Komabe, muyenera kufunsa kaye katswiri.
Pa matenda a shuga a m'munsi am'munsi, amatsatira izi:
- msuzi kuchokera ku chitumbuwa cha mbalame. 1/4 chikho cha zipatso zimawonjezeredwa ndi 0,5 l madzi otentha. Khazikitsani mphindi 15 pakusamba kwamadzi. Kenako chidacho chimasefedwa ndikufewa. Zogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati compress kapena zilonda zokutira,
- msuzi wa yarrow. Zomera ndi madzi otentha zimasakanizidwa muyezo wa 1: 10, yophika kwa mphindi 5, zimasefedwa ndikugwiritsira ntchito kutsuka ndi kupondaponda,
Yarrow ali ndi he heaticatic, machiritso ndi bactericidal katundu.
Ndikotheka kuchepetsa mkhalidwe wa wodwala mothandizidwa ndi homeopathy. Gwiritsani ntchito zida izi:
Chithandizo cha matenda am'mimba komanso zovuta zomwe zingachitike
Kukula kwake kumatengera gawo la matenda ndi nthawi ya kuyambitsidwa kwamankhwala. Wodwala akangoyamba kufunafuna thandizo, amakhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi zotsatira zabwino. Kukula msanga kwa angiopathy nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa zovuta, makamaka pakalibe chithandizo. Zotsatira zakukula kwa matenda a pathological, zotsatirazi zimachitika:
- Necrosis (gangrene, necrosis) ya zala, mapazi, mwendo wapansi.
- Kuchepetsa chidwi cham'munsi. Kukhalapo kwa kuvulala kochepa kwambiri ndikumverera kocheperako kumakhala kowopsa, popeza wodwalayo samazindikira kuwonongeka kwake munthawi yake ndikupitilira kuwachitira. Zotsatira zake, kukandika kulikonse kumatha kuyambitsa kusintha kosasinthika komwe kumafunikira dokotala wakuchita opaleshoni.
- Kulephera kwamtima, mavuto ammaso.
Njira zopewera
Kupewa kumateteza kupewa kukula kwa zovuta. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kutsatira malingaliro a katswiri pakusamalira phazi. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti musiye kuyenda popanda nsapato, makamaka ndi kuchepetsedwa.
Nsapato zosankhidwa bwino ndichinthu chofunikira popewa angiopathy. Nsapato ziyenera kukhala zoyenera kukula. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kupereka zokonda pazachilengedwe.
Tsiku lililonse amasamba mapazi awo ndi madzi ofunda ndikuwaseseratu. Popewa kupindika pakhungu ndi kupangidwa ndi ming'alu, ndi moisturizer koyenera.
Kuphatikiza apo, ziyenera:
- Pitani kwa dokotala pafupipafupi
- kuwongolera kunenepa kwambiri komanso shuga
- gwiritsitsani chakudya
- kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kupatsa chidwi ndi masewera omwe chiopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa miyendo sichikukhalapo konse kapena kocheperako.
Matenda a matenda ashuga angiopathy ndi owopsa. Ngati palibe chithandizo, ndiye kuti pali mwayi wakufa chifukwa chotukuka kwa gangren ndi poyizoni wamagazi. Ngati pali kukaikira kwa matenda, ndikofunikira kukaonana ndi dokotala posachedwa.
Njira zopangira opaleshoni
Chithandizo cha opaleshoni chimatembenukanso kukachitika zilonda zam'mimba. Pazithandizo zawo, njira ya laser imagwiritsidwa ntchito momwe mitsempha yotulutsa magazi imathandizira. Pankhani ya necrotization minofu yofewa, iwo excised.
Ntchito zamakono kwambiri komanso zodula zimaphatikizanso kukonzanso mitsempha, yomwe imathandizira kubwezeretsa magazi ndi minyewa.
Milandu yayikulu, kudula kwamiyendo kumachitika pamlingo wa chotupa.
Njira zamankhwala achikhalidwe
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azikhalidwe kumatheka pokhapokha mukaonana ndi dokotala. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo sikuyenera kulowa m'malo mwa chithandizo chachikulu. Njira zina zochizira matenda ashuga am'munsi zimaphatikizira:
- tiyi ya zitsamba ndi kuchepetsa shuga - chamomile, linden, masamba a mabulosi
- kulowetsedwa - kulimbikitsa kapamba, ma nyemba nyemba, mapesi a dandelion, mbewu za fulakesi,
- mankhwala osamba - kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotenga misempha. Zakonzedwa kuchokera ku zimayambira ndi muzu wa Yerusalemu artichoke, clover, muzu wa tirigu,
- compress - kuthandiza machiritso a zilonda zam'mimba. Pachifukwa ichi, gwiritsani ntchito masamba ndi maluwa a calendula, nettle zouma mu mawonekedwe a ufa.
Njira zakukonzekera mankhwala azikhalidwe - tebulo
Chithandizo cha anthu | Njira yophika | Pafupipafupi phwando |
Tiyi ya Chamomile | Supuni ziwiri za maluwa owuma a chamomile zimatsanulira 100 ml ya madzi otentha ndikusiya kwa mphindi 20. | Tengani tsiku lililonse mwachikondi. |
Tiyi wa Linden | Thirani supuni 1 ya masamba owuma a chamomile ndi kapu imodzi ya madzi, kenako simmer pa moto wochepa kwa mphindi 10. | Imwani musanadye chilichonse |
Tiyi ya Blueberry | Supuni 1 ya masamba a mabulosi abulu ndi supuni 1 ya zipatso zouma zatsanulira kapu ya madzi ndikulocha mphindi 15 pamoto (osatentha). | Supuni ziwiri tsiku lililonse. |
Sage tiyi | Supuni 1 ya zouma zouma zouma zimathira 250 ml ya madzi owiritsa ndikuumirira kwa ola limodzi. | Imwani 50 ml katatu patsiku |
Kulowetsedwa nyemba ndi mbewu za fulakesi | Sakanizani supuni ya mbewu za fulakesi ndi supuni 5 za nyemba zosakaniza nyemba ndi kapu ya madzi otentha. | Imwani m'magawo ang'onoang'ono tsiku lonse |
Kulowetsedwa kwa dandelion mapesi | Thirani supuni ziwiri zouma zimayambira ndi madzi okwanira 1 litre ndi kuwiritsa mu thermos kwa maola 12. | Tengani mphindi 15 musanadye. Voliyumu yonse yamadzimadzi imayenera kuledzera patsiku. |
Yerusalemu artichoke kusamba | Kusakaniza kwa nsonga, mizu ndi maluwa kutsanulira malita 10 amadzi ndikubweretsa chithupsa pamoto wochepa. Msuzi wotsatira umawonjezedwa kusamba yayikulu. | Gwiritsani ntchito kamodzi pa sabata. |
Kusamba kwa Wheatgrass | Thirani 100 g ya muzu wa tirigu m'milingo iwiri yamadzi ndikubweretsa. Dulani msuzi ndi madzi kuti muthe kutentha ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ngati kusamba kwa phazi. | Sambani kusamba tsiku lililonse. |
Marigold ndi nettle compress | Maluwa okhala ndi zipatso za calendula ndi masamba a nettle amagwira ntchito pa zilonda zam'mimba ndikusintha misa ndi bandeji ya gauze. | Gwiritsani ntchito katatu patsiku. Mukachotsa bandeji, muzimutsuka bwino. |
Kuzindikira komanso zovuta
Kufikika kwakanthawi kwa dokotala, chithandizo choyenera, ndikukhalabe ndi moyo wathanzi zithandizira kukwaniritsa kukhazikika kwa chikhalidwe. Kupanda kutero, kupitirira kwa angiopathy ndi zomwe zimachitika:
- gangrene pamlingo wamapazi, mwendo wotsika kapena ntchafu,
- kuchepa kumverera kwa khungu, komwe kumabweretsa zoopsa komanso kutsimikiza kwake kosadziwika. Izi zimatha kubweretsa kukula kwa phazi la matenda ashuga,
- kuphatikiza kwa kachilombo ka bakiteriya komanso ngakhale aseptic necrosis, komwe kumapangitsa kuti dzanja lidulidwe.
Chitetezo cha matenda a shuga
Pofuna kupewa kukula kwa angiopathy mu shuga, wodwalayo ayenera:
- Nthawi zonse amayang'anira chakudya chamafuta ndi mafuta,
- Pitani ku endocrinologist kuti muone momwe khungu limagwirira komanso zofewa zam'munsi,
- khalani ndi moyo wathanzi ndipo idyani moyenera,
- tsiku ndi tsiku khalani njira zaukhondo za thupi lanu, kuchitira nkhanza kwakanthawi mothandizidwa ndi antiseptics.
Chofunikira chothandizira kupewa matenda odwala matenda ashuga ndikusamalira miyendo yake:
- Pewani kuwonetsedwa ndi kutentha kwambiri kapena kutentha kwambiri,
- Valani nsapato zapamwamba, zazitali zomwe zimalekerera
- malo opaka khungu ndi zonona zamafuta ndi urea,
- kudula misomali kumakona akudzanja lamanja,
- Yenderani miyendo tsiku ndi tsiku, ngati mukuvulala - muwagwire ndi antiseptic,
- m'malo omwe kufalikira kwa matenda oyamba ndi fungus (saunas, dziwe, mahotela) gwiritsani ntchito nsapato zotayidwa,
- ngati mungathe kusintha pakhungu la phazi, funsani katswiri wa podologist.
Kuti muchepetse kukhazikika kwa matenda a shuga a m'munsi am'munsi, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi, lipid metabolism, komanso kupewa kutengera zomwe zingayambitse ngozi. Kuti mupeze zotsatira zosatha, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zonse ziwiri zamankhwala, homeopathic ndi wowerengeka azitsamba zomwe zingathandize kupewa mapangidwe ndi zilonda zam'mimba.
Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga a retinopathy
Retina la nsapato yamaso ili ndi intaneti yake ya capillaries. Ndi kukula kwa matenda ashuga, ndi omwe amadwala kwambiri. Ma arterioles, mitsempha, ma capillaries ndi mitsempha imadutsamo. Pamene chilolezo mwa iwo chikuchepa, kufalikira kwa magazi kumasokonezeka, zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa retinopathy.
Pozindikira matenda amtunduwu, ma ophthalmic ndi matenda azachipatala amadziwika.
Zizindikiro za ophthalmic ndizomwe zimapezeka pakuwunika kwa maso, ndipo zizindikiro zomwe wodwalayo amapita kwa dokotala amapezedwa ngati zamankhwala.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kukulitsa kwa retinopathy kuli pafupifupi asymptomatic, chifukwa chake, amapezeka pafupipafupi. Madandaulo a wodwala mukakumana ndi katswiri angaphatikizepo:
- chophimba pamaso
- kuwonongeka kwa zida zowonekera,
- madontho akuda kapena kuwala.
Kukula kwa matendawa kumayambitsa kupotoza kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe ake chithunzi pamaso. Ndipo pamene retinopathy imayendera limodzi ndi kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, wodwalayo amakhala ndi malo osawoneka bwino. Choyipa chachikulu, matenda am'maso amachititsa khungu.
Pakumuwunika, dokotala amayang'ana zotupa ndi mitsempha ya m'mimba. Ngakhale wodwalayo samamva chilichonse, zizindikiro za retinopathy zikupezeka kale. Dokotala amatha kuwona ziwiya zopapatiza pa fundus, ndipo nthawi zina ma microaneurysms.
Kuphatikiza apo, kutupa ndi kudzikundikira kwa madzimadzi kumawonekera m'mitsempha yayikulu.
Kukonda madera apansi
Kuti mupewe molondola matenda a shuga, muyenera kudziwa zomwe wodwala angapeze. Kupatula apo, chithandizo chosagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena chothandiza sichimadzetsa mavuto.
Chifukwa chochepetsera mitsempha yam'munsi, ischemia imayamba, kutanthauza kuchepa kwa mpweya ndi magazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito ya miyendo isavutike. Kusintha kwamphamvu mu khungu komanso necrosis kapena gangrene kumachitika. Pankhaniyi, mapazi okhudzidwa kwambiri, popeza ndi malo akutali kwambiri.
Zizindikiro za matenda amtunduwu zimayambitsidwa ndi njira zomwe zimachitika ndi "matenda okoma" komanso atherosulinosis. Kuphatikiza apo, madokotala amatchulanso zinthu zina zomwe zimayambitsa mawonekedwe a matenda a miyendo ndi miyendo. Izi ndi monga kusuta fodya, chibadwa champhamvu komanso ntchito yowopsa ndi poizoni.
A shuga angiopathy a m'munsi malekezero nthawi zambiri amawonetsedwa ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
- Kuzizira komanso kuzungulira kwamiyendo.
- Goosebumps.
- Zilonda zam'mimba za phazi.
- Zovuta ndi zowawa.
- Zosintha pakhungu.
Kutengera kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa mtima, pali macro- ndi microangiopathy yam'munsi yotsika. Potere, kuwonongeka kumadera akumtunda kumachitika kawirikawiri.
Ndi kuwonongeka pang'ono kwa ziwiya zamiyendo, wodwalayo akumva kuwawa kosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zina miyendo yake imawuma, ndipo zilonda zazing'ono zimawonekera. Kupita patsogolo kwa macroangiopathy kumabweretsa dzanzi, miyendo, kutsekeka kwa khungu, kukokana kosalekeza, kupweteka komanso kutentha thupi.
Matendawa odwala matenda ashuga ndiwowopsa omwe amakumana pomwe chithandizo cha matenda ashuga a m'munsi sichitha. Ndi njirayi, kusintha kwina kumachitika molumikizana ndi mafupa. Chimodzi mwazomwe zimachitika ndi matenda a shuga a arthropathy, omwe amatsogolera mafupa ndi mafupa am'mapazi. Kusintha kotereku kumabweretsa ku Menkeberg syndrome (kuwerengetsa ndi kufooka kwa ziwiya zamiyendo) ndi kufooka kwa phazi.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti matenda ashuga am'magazi am'mipanda yam'munsi amatsika sangakhalepo okha.
Matenda oterewa amakula limodzi ndi nephropathy komanso retinopathy.
Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga a Encephalopathy
Pamene encephalopathy ikamachitika mu matenda ashuga, kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro ndi chisokonezo zimayamba. Kuphatikiza apo, wodwalayo amadandaula kuti akupitiliza kupweteka mutu komanso kutopa. Matendawa ndi chotsatira cha kuphwanya magazi mu ubongo.
Kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, munthu mwina samva chilichonse. Koma pakapita nthawi, wodwalayo amayamba kuzolowera kupweteka chifukwa cha mutu wambiri. Izi, zimayambitsa chisokonezo cha kugona ndi kugona kwa tsiku lonse. Mtsogolo, wodwalayo amasokonezeka ndikuiwalika.
Kuphatikiza pa chidziwitso cha matenda ammimba, zimakhazikika zimakhazikika, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kusokonezeka kwa kayendedwe, kayendedwe kazinthu zam'mimba komanso kugwedezeka kwamphamvu. Vuto lotembenuka limawonedwa ngati chizindikiro chowopsa, ndiko kuti, masomphenya apawiri, zithunzi zosalongosoka, masomphenya osasunthika, mawonekedwe achilendo. Kuphatikiza apo, anisocoria imabuka - mkhalidwe womwe m'mimba mwake ophunzira mumayang'aniridwa.
Njira zoterezi zimakhala zowopsa kwa wodwala akamagwira ntchito zokhudzana ndi njira zosiyanasiyana, komanso kuyendetsa galimoto.
Kugonjetsedwa kwa ma capillaries ndi mitsempha ya mtima
Pakupitiliza kwa ma cell a mtima, pamakhala ma network komanso ma cell a corillary.
Matenda a shuga angiopathy amakhudza mitsempha yam'manja ndikumanzere. Njirayi imatchedwa macroangiopathy, chifukwa cha chitukuko cha atherosulinosis.
Ma capillaries akakhudzidwa, matenda ashuga a shugaangi amakula.
Ngati matenda akupezeka, wodwalayo amadandaula zotsatirazi:
- Angina ululu. Zimachitika chifukwa cha mapangidwe a zolembera ndi mikwingwirima mu lumen yamitsempha yamagazi. Zotsatira zake, magazi sangayende mu kuchuluka kofunikira, ndipo mtima umakhala wochepa mu mpweya. Kuchita izi kumapangitsa kuti mpweya usakhale wopanda mpweya komanso kutulutsa lactic acid. Zimakwiyitsa mathero amtsempha mumtima, kotero munthu amamva kuwawa.
- Kulephera kwa mtima, kuwonetsedwa ndi kutsokomola, kuchepa kwa kugunda kwa mtima ndi kupuma movutikira.
- Kusokonezeka kwa mtima. Amayamba ndi kugonja kwa ziwiya zazing'ono komanso khungu lawo m'manocardium. Pali mitundu ingapo ya kusokonezeka kwa ma CD
Kumbukirani kuti kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya zamtima nthawi zambiri kumayendetsedwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya zamiyendo, impso ndi retina.
Kuzindikira ndi kuchiza matendawa
Njira zoyenera yoperekera matenda a shuga angiopathy iyenera kuchitika mokwanira. Chifukwa chake, sikuti timadzi tokha timene timayesedwa, komanso ziwalo zomwe zimakonda izi.
Pali njira zingapo zodziwira matenda.
Kuwerenga kwa glomerular kusefera mtengo. Chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda a nephropathy. Kusefera kwa glomerular: mpaka 140 ml / min.
Kutsimikiza kwamkodzo wa b2-microglobulin. Kupezeka kwa b2-microglobulin kumawonetsa matenda a shuga angionephropathy. Munthu wathanzi sayenera kukhala mkodzo.
Magazi a lipid. Kuzindikira magazi lipoproteins ndi cholesterol. Mulingo wa cholesterol: osaposa 5.5 mmol / L. Kuchuluka kwa lipoproteins: kuchokera pa 1 mpaka 2.9 mmol / L.
Kuzindikira matendawa kumatanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina, izi:
- kuyesa kovuta kwamaso,
- Ultrasound
- echocardiography
- Dopplerograogia ndi miyendo,
- coronary angiography
- electrocardiograms (ECG),
- mphamvu zamatsenga zakutsogolo.
Dokotala atazindikira kuti ali ndi vuto, amayamba kupanga njira ina yochitira zinthu zina. Kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera kumaphatikizapo kukhala ndi chakudya chamagulu, kukhalabe ndi moyo wabwino komanso kusinthana ndi nthawi yopuma ndi ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwalawa a angiopathy amayenda ndi mankhwalawa:
- Mankhwala a shuga kuthana ndi glycemia.
- Mankhwala ochepetsa cholesterol.
- Kuthamanga kwa magazi kumachepetsa mankhwala.
- Mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
- Njira zowongolera magazi.
- Mankhwala omwe amaletsa thrombosis.
- Mankhwala omwe amasintha kagayidwe kachakudya.
Ndikofunikira kuchiza matenda oopsa otayidwa ndi katswiri kuyang'aniridwa ndi malingaliro ake onse. Kanemayo munkhaniyi apitiliza mutu wa zovuta za matenda ashuga.