Chifukwa chiyani insulini siyimachepetsa shuga m'magazi pambuyo pa jakisoni: chochita?

Anthu omwe ali ndi hyperglycemia nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi vuto loti insulini sichepetsa shuga. Pachifukwa ichi, odwala matenda ashuga ambiri amadabwa kuti bwanji ma insulini samatsitsa shuga. Zomwe zimayambitsa izi zimatha kuchitika chifukwa cha chimodzi mwazinthu izi: pali insulin kukana.

Kuwonetsedwa kwa matenda a Somoji, kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa ndi zolakwika zina pakuwongolera mankhwalawa sikuwerengedwa molakwika, kapena wodwala samatsatira zomwe wodwala amapeza.

Mlingo wa insulin wowerengeka molondola si chitsimikizo kuti mankhwalawo adzagwira ntchito.

Zotsatira za mahomoni oyambitsidwa zimatha kutengera zinthu zambiri:

• Kulephera kutsatira zomwe zimachitika pakatipa.
• Kuphatikiza insulin kuchokera kwa opanga osiyanasiyana mu syringe yomweyo.
• Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mankhwala omwe atha.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osungidwa osatsatira malamulo kapena pambuyo pozizira.
• Jakisoni siwosinjirira, koma mwamitsempha.
• Mukamapukuta tsamba la jakisoni ndi mowa. Mphamvu ya mankhwalawa imayendetsedwa mukamacheza ndi mowa.

Chifukwa chake, mukumvetsetsa kuti matendawa amakula poyankha pafupipafupi hypoglycemia. Tsopano ndikufotokozera chifukwa chake pafupipafupi hypoglycemia ingayambitse vutoli.

Kutsika kwa shuga m'magazi kumazindikiridwa ndi thupi ngati kupsinjika kwakukulu, ndi chizindikiro cha ngozi. Chifukwa chotsitsa glucose pansi pamlingo wina, njira yoteteza imayatsidwa.

Njira iyi imakhala ndi kutulutsidwa kwamphamvu kwa ma hormone onse a contra-mahormoni: cortisol, adrenaline ndi norepinephrine, kukula kwa mahomoni ndi glucagon.

Kuwonjezeka kwa magazi a mahomoni opatsirana kumayambitsa kusweka kwa glycogen, malo ofunika kwambiri a glucose m'chiwindi kuti pakachitika ngozi mwadzidzidzi. Zotsatira zake, chiwindi chimatulutsa shuga m'magazi mosavuta, motero zimachulukitsa kangapo kuposa momwe zimakhalira.

Zotsatira zake, timapeza kuwerengera kwakukulu kwa mulingo wa shuga pamamitala (15-17-20 mmol / L kapena kuposa).

Nthawi zina kutsika kwa glucose kumachitika mwachangu komanso mwachangu kwambiri kotero kuti munthu alibe nthawi yoti athe kuzindikira zizindikiro za hypoglycemia, kapena amangochita zodandaula kwambiri. Hypoglycemia yotchedwa latent kapena propping.

Popita nthawi, ngati mikhalidwe ya hypoglycemic ibwerezedwa pafupipafupi, nthawi zambiri munthu amalephera kuzimva. Koma hypoglycemia ikayamba kuchepa kapena kutha paliponse, kuthekera kwa kuzindikira kwa hypo kumabwereranso.

Zotsatira zake za kutulutsidwa kwa mahomoni opikisana, kuphatikizidwa kwa mafuta kumachitika, kusweka kwawo ndikupanga matupi a ketone, omwe amabisidwa ndi mapapu ndi impso. Chifukwa chake mu mkodzo mumawoneka ma acetone, makamaka m'mawa. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale pamisempha yotsika kwambiri mumkodzo, acetone imawoneka, chifukwa sizobwera chifukwa cha hyperglycemia, koma chifukwa cha ntchito ya mahomoni olimbana ndi mahomoni.

Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa insulin, munthu amafunitsitsa kudya, ndipo amadya, pomwe thupi limakula mwachangu, ngakhale ndi ketoacidosis, kunenepa, m'malo mwake, kumayenera kumachoka. Pano pali kuwonjezereka kwapadera kwa kulemera kwa thupi motsutsana ndi maziko akumera ketoacidosis. Lembetsani ku zolemba zatsopano za blog kuti mudziwe zambiri za ketoacidosis.

• Imakhazikika pamisempha ya shuga kwa nthawi yayitali
• Imabwezeretsa kapangidwe ka insulin

Dziwani zambiri ...

Mwazi wamagazi suchepa: choti achite?

Njira yayikulu yotsatirira shuga wamagazi anu ndi kuyesa kwa A1c. Monga mukudziwa, cholinga cha American Diabetes Association ndikupereka zosakwana 7% A1c, ndipo zipatala zambiri tsopano zimakonda kutsika mitengo kwambiri: 6.5 kapena 6%.Ngati mukulephera kuchepetsa shuga, nayi malangizo.

Bwerera kumayambiriro komwe (inde, kachiwiri). Ngati mukunenepa kwambiri, kuchepa thupi ndiye chizindikiro chokwanira cha kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa hemoglobin A1c. Kaya ndinu onenepa kwambiri kapena ayi, mfundo zomwezo ndizothandizanso pakuyang'anira shuga.

Ngati chakudyacho chimangokhala zamasamba, ndiye kuti, simumadya mafuta a nyama. Ndipo ngati munasiya mafuta azamasamba, ndiye kuti simukulemera konse. Ndi masinthidwe opatsa thanzi awa, mumawotcha mafuta mkati mwa minofu yanu.

Monga momwe mudawonera m'mutu 2, ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti insulin ikane.

Phatikizaponso zakudya zopatsa thanzi. Anthu ambiri mopanda malire amapewa zakudya zokhazikika. Amanenanso kuti nyemba, mphodza, pasitala, mbatata kapena malema zimawonjezera shuga.

Zachidziwikire, mukamayeza shuga mutatha kudya, mawerengedwa amakula. Komabe, ichi sindiye chifukwa chosiya zakudya zamafuta ndi kubwerera ku zakudya zamafuta kapena zama protein.

Mafuta a nsomba ndi mbalame amalepheretsa kuyesa kuchepa. Zimasokonezeranso insulin kukana. Nayi zochitika.

Munthu amamva kuti "zakudya zopatsa mphamvu sizabwino," kapena amawona kuti shuga wamagazi amawonjezeka atangodya mpunga kapena masamba omwe ali ndi wowuma. Akuganiza zosiya zakudya zamagulu m'malo mwa nkhuku ndi nsomba. Chilichonse chimayenda bwino poyamba.

Glucose ndi wokhazikika ndipo samachulukitsa pambuyo chakudya chochepa chomwe chimakhala ndi shuga. "Eya!" Akutero. "Ndazindikira kuti kudya koteroko kumachepetsa shuga!" M'masiku angapo otsatira, wodwalayo adazindikira kuti zowerengera zake zamagazi zidayamba kusintha.

Amachulukana pang'onopang'ono, ndipo pakatha sabata kapena awiri kuchuluka kumakhala kwakukulu. "Ndi chiyani?" Tipereka yankho. Pali magawo atatu okha a zopatsa mphamvu: chakudya, mafuta, ndi mapuloteni.

Kukana chakudya chamafuta, munthu amadya mafuta, omwe amakonda kuwonjezera kukana kwa insulin, komanso mapuloteni, omwe ali ndi zotsatira zoyipa zambiri.

Kumwa mafuta mwachangu sikunawonjezere shuga m'magazi, koma zakudya zamafuta zimakonda kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwamafuta m'maselo a thupi. Zotsatira zake, kukana insulini kumayamba kuchepa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zakudya zilizonse zomwe adadya pambuyo pake zimapangitsa kuti shuga wamagazi azikula kuposa kale. Chifukwa chake, insulin ikukula tsiku lililonse.

Zakudya zamafuta ziyenera kupewedwa ndipo zakudya zopatsa thanzi zopatsa thanzi ziyenera kudyedwa, kuzisankha zozikidwa pamlo wamagulu a shuga. Mwachitsanzo, nyemba (nyemba, nandolo, ndi mphodza), masamba, zipatso, ndi tirigu wathunthu. Zakudya nthawi zonse zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, koma posachedwa mudzaona kuti insulivityity ikubwerera pang'onopang'ono.

Pitani kwa dokotala. Chovuta chofala kwambiri cha kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi matenda. Kuzizira, matenda amkodzo, zotupa za pakhungu. Zonsezi zimakonda kukweza glucose wamagazi.

Nthawi zina ngakhale kudula pang'ono kapena chifuwa kumayambitsa kulumpha mwamphamvu mmenemo. Pa chithandizo (ngati izi zachitika ndi zonse zofunika), kuchuluka kwa glucose amabwezeretseka.

Munthawi imeneyi, adokotala angasankhe mankhwala apadera a shuga.

Penyani misempha yanu. Unasi uliwonse umakweza shuga. Kuyankha kwakuthupi kupsinjika komwe kumakukonzekerani kuti mumenye kapena kuthawa zoopsa kumatha kuchitika ndi mtundu wina uliwonse wowopsa, weniweni kapena woganiza.

Kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kunali kopindulitsa kwambiri panthawi yomwe titha kukumana ndi olusa komanso mafuko omenyera nkhondo. Magazi owonjezera a shuga adadyetsa magulu akulu a minofu, kuthandiza kuthamanga kapena kumenya. Masiku ano tikuopa zovuta kuntchito, zovuta zachuma komanso mavuto mu maubale.

Komabe, momwe zochita zathupi sizinasinthe, kuyankha kukugwirabe ntchito, kuchititsa kukwera kwa shuga m'magazi. Ngati kupsinjika sikukhala motalika - mutha kuzindikira kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga kubwereranso mwachangu mokwanira. Ngati ndi yayitali, chitani masega a yoga, kusinkhasinkha.

Vutoli likhoza kukhala lakuya kwambiri, pazinthu zoterezi ndizotheka kukhala ndi nkhawa, kumverera kwa nkhawa yayitali - ndiye musayese kukhala ngwazi.

Masewera olimbitsa thupi. Ngati simukugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti mukhale moyo wokonzekera - ndi nthawi yoti muyambe. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumathandizira kuchepetsa shuga.

Nthawi zambiri, kutsatira malangizowa kungakuthandizeni kuti muchepetse shuga. Ngati magazi a shuga akukhalabe okwera, ngakhale mutayesetsa kwambiri, dokotala amafunsira mankhwala ena.

Neil D. Barnard, “Matenda A shuga. Reversal Program ”, Alfa-Beta Publishing House, 2011

Kuwonetsera kwa Insulin - Kuwerengera koyenera ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito

Munthu aliyense amakhala ndi nthawi yosiyana komanso amatha kusintha masana. Chifukwa chake, munkhaniyi malamulo okhawo adzafotokozedwa, ndipo kutsimikiza kwakanenedwe kwa aliyense wa inu, kutengera mlandu womwe wapezeka.

Chifukwa chiyani insulini siyimachepetsa shuga m'magazi pambuyo pa jakisoni: chochita?

• Imakhazikika pamisempha ya shuga kwa nthawi yayitali
• Imabwezeretsa kapangidwe ka insulin

Shuga mellitus ndi matenda omwe amadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa katulutsidwe (kapena kusakhalapo kwathunthu) kwa pancreatic insulin. Kuti athandize kufooka kwa timadzi timeneti m'thupi, madokotala amatipatsa jakisoni wa insulin.

Anthu omwe ali ndi hyperglycemia nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi vuto loti insulini sichepetsa shuga. Pachifukwa ichi, odwala matenda ashuga ambiri amadabwa kuti bwanji ma insulini samatsitsa shuga.

Kuwonetsedwa kwa matenda a Somoji, kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa ndi zolakwika zina pakuwongolera mankhwalawa sikuwerengedwa molakwika, kapena wodwala samatsatira zomwe wodwala amapeza.

Nanga bwanji ngati insulini singatsitse shuga? Vutoli liyenera kuthetsedwa ndi dokotala yemwe akuchiza wodwala. Osayang'ana njira ndi njira, zodziyimira nokha. Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kutsatira zotsatirazi:

• sinthani kulemera kwanu ndikusunga nthawi yayitali,
• kutsatira zakudya,
• pewani zochitika zovuta komanso manjenjemera akulu, chifukwa zimachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi,

Kuphatikiza apo, kukhalabe ndi moyo wogwira ntchito komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kungathandizenso kuchepetsa shuga.

Nthawi zambiri, anthu amakumana ndi mfundo yoti, ngakhale akugwiritsa ntchito insulin, shuga wamagazi sachepa. Ngati chomwe chimayambitsa ndondomekoyi sichikuletsa insulini kapena zovuta zina, ndiye kuti vuto ndi kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika gawo la mahomoni.

Shuga wamagazi 14 ndi chisonyezo chapamwamba chomwe chikuwonetsa kukula kwa njira zoyipa mthupi. Nthawi yomwe kudumpha mu glycemia kumawonedwa, munthu amakhala ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana, kuwonongeka muumoyo.

Woopsa milandu ikhoza kuchitika. Nthawi zambiri, kuwonjezereka kwa ndende ya shuga kumachitika mutatha kudya zakudya zopanda pake, zomwe zimaphatikizapo chakudya chambiri. Zakudya zotere ndizowopsa kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga.

Kodi ndizololedwa kunena za chitukuko cha matenda ashuga ngati shuga wambiri amapezeka m'magazi potengera zotsatira za kafukufukuyu? Nthawi zambiri, anthu omwe sanadwalidwepo matenda ashuga kale amakhala ndi hyperglycemia.

Zimachitika pazifukwa zingapo:

• kagayidwe kazinthu mu kapamba: ma neoplasms oyipa kapena kutupa,
• kukhala wopanikizika nthawi yayitali,
• mavuto a chiwindi: zilonda zam'mimba, matenda enaake, chiwindi,
• kulephera kwa mahomoni
• kukula kwa matenda ashuga amtundu wachiwiri kapena woyamba.

Kuti atsimikizire matendawa, katswiriyo nthawi zonse amayenera kuyesanso magazi ena. Iyenera kudutsa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Pankhaniyi, kupezeka kwa hemoglobin ya C-peptide glycated glycated. Kulekerera kwa shuga ndi glycemia ya postprandial imapezeka.

Chifukwa cha kusanthula, adotolo azitha kudziwa molondola momwe kuchuluka kwa shuga kumakhalira mutatha kudya, momwe kapamba amagwirira ntchito, ngakhale insulin ikamamwa. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyesa kwa ultrasound kumachitika, munthu amadutsa kuwunika kwa mkodzo, kumayesedwa ndi neurologist, oncologist ndi endocrinologist.

Akangolandira chidziwitso chokwanira cha thupi, katswiri amapereka lingaliro lokhudza kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa matenda ashuga. Zikakhala choncho, munthu akapeza mwayi kwa katswiri woyenera ndipo akangomaliza kulandira chithandizo, amachepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi zovuta zosasinthika.

Kwa anthu odwala matenda a shuga, hyperglycemia imachitika pazifukwa zotsatirazi:

• zolimbitsa thupi zochepa,
• kukhalabe nthawi yayitali pamavuto
• kumwa mosafunikira mankhwala okhala ndi insulin,
• kudya zakudya zamafuta ambiri,
• matenda a chiwindi,
• matenda a kapamba
• zizolowezi zoipa
• kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala: mankhwala oletsa kubereka, okodzetsa, mahomoni,

Ngati akukupatsani insulin, njira imodzi yochepetsera shuga yanu ndiyo kubaya insulini.

Jakisoni wa Insulin - Njira Yofunika Kwambiri Yothira Magazi A shuga

Komabe, samalani, chifukwa insulin imatha kuyamba kugwira ntchito pambuyo pa maola 4 kapena kupitirira apo, ndipo panthawiyi mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo ungakulire kwambiri.

Ngati mungaganize zokhala ndi shuga wambiri ndi insulini, gwiritsani ntchito insulin yochepa kapena yochepa kwambiri. Mitundu ya insulin iyi imayamba kuchita zinthu mwachangu kwambiri. Koma samalani, monga Kugwiritsa ntchito bongo mopitirira muyeso kumatha kuyambitsa hypoglycemia, ndipo kumatha kukhala koopsa, makamaka musanakagone.

Ndi ketoacidosis, mudzafunika kuthandizidwa

Ngati simunadziwe shuga woletsa, sikuletsedwa kudzipatula popanda magazi. Kumbukirani kuti insulin si chidole ndipo chingaike moyo pachiswe!

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse kumathandiza kuchepetsa shuga.

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumatha kuthandizira kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi anu, koma pokhapokha magazi anu akachulukitsidwa pang'ono ndipo mulibe hyperglycemia kapena ketoacidosis. Chowonadi ndi chakuti ngati muli ndi shuga wambiri musanayambe kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, zimawonjezereka kwambiri kuchokera pakuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Chifukwa chake, njirayi siili yofunikira poteteza matenda a glucose.

Mu kanema uyu, Elena Malysheva amafotokoza njira zochepetsera shuga.

Kuchokera pamenepa zimatsata kuti m'mawa muyenera kupanga jakisoni wa insulin pang'ono pasadakhale, kuti insulin ikhale ndi nthawi yopeza

Nthawi yanji yomwe imatenga zimatengera mtundu wa insulin. Ma insulin osavuta aanthu amayamba kugwira ntchito mochedwa kuposa ma ultrashort insulin analogues. Malangizo a insulin yosavuta akuti amayamba kuchita mphindi 30 pambuyo pa kubayidwa. Uwu ndi mtengo wapakati, kwa munthu aliyense izi zimachitika mosiyanasiyana, koma chizindikirochi chitha kutengedwa ngati chitsogozo.

Malangizo a ultrashort insulin akuti amayamba kugwira ntchito mphindi 15 atabayidwa. Kuchokera pamanambala amenewa omwe timafunika kupitilirapo. Tsopano popeza tikudziwa momwe insulin iyenera kugwira ntchito, titha kusankha mawonekedwe abwino.

Kodi insulin imagwira ntchito bwanji?

Insulin ndi njira yotulutsira shuga - mafuta - kuchokera m'magazi kupita m'maselo. Insulin imayambitsa "ma glucose" omwe amayendetsa maselo. Awa ndimapuloteni apadera omwe amasunthira mkati kuchokera mkati kupita kunja kwa maselo otulutsa ma cell, kugwira ma molekyulu a glucose, ndikumawasamutsira ku "magetsi" amkati kuti akawotche.

Glucose amalowa m'maselo a chiwindi ndi minofu motsogozedwa ndi insulin, monga zimakhala zina zonse za thupi, kupatula ubongo. Koma pamenepo siyimawotchedwa pomwepo, koma imasungidwa m'malo osungika monga glycogen. Izi ndi zinthu ngati wowuma.

Ngati palibe insulini, ndiye kuti omwe amayendetsa glucose amagwira ntchito molakwika, ndipo maselo sawatenga mokwanira kuti azigwira ntchito zofunika. Izi zimagwira minyewa yonse kupatula ubongo, womwe umadya shuga popanda kutenga insulin.

Chochita china cha insulin mthupi ndichoti mchikakamizo chake, maselo amafuta amatenga shuga m'magazi ndikusintha kukhala mafuta odzadza, omwe amadzisonkhanitsa. Insulin ndiye mahomoni akuluakulu omwe amalimbikitsa kunenepa kwambiri komanso kupewa kunenepa.

Moyo wa alumali ndi malo osungira

Choyamba, tisaiwale kuti insulin, monga mankhwala ena aliwonse ali ndi tsiku lotha ntchito. Phukusi kuchokera ku gawo la mahomoni, tsiku lenileni la kumaliza kwake ndi zizindikiro zofananira, zomwe zili zovomerezeka kale kuyambira pakutsegulira, zimasonyezedwa nthawi zonse.

Ayenera kukumbukiridwa kapena kuonana ndi endocrinologist. Kupanda kutero, sikuti njira yongobwerera yokha siyotheka, komanso kupezeka kwa zovuta zina.

Kuphatikiza apo, mawonekedwe ake, ngakhale atakhala ndi moyo wapamwamba kwambiri, amatha kuwonongeka ngati malamulo osungira satsatiridwa. Polankhula za izi, akatswiri amalabadira kuzizira, kutentha kwambiri ndi kuwunika mwachindunji - zonsezi zimalimbikitsidwa kwambiri kuti musamale.

Kusungidwa kwa insulini mufiriji ndikosafunanso, chifukwa chinthu choterocho, ngati chikuyambitsidwa, chimachedwa. Nthawi zina ichi ndi chifukwa chake insulin siyitsitsa magazi.

Pali zifukwa zambiri zosonyeza kuti insulini sithandiza odwala matenda ashuga kusintha shuga. Ndipo choyambirira, ziyenera kudziwika kuti, monga mankhwala ena aliwonse, insulin ili ndi tsiku lotha ntchito, pambuyo pake kugwiritsidwa ntchito sikungopereka zotsatira zabwino, komanso kungavulaze kwambiri thanzi.

Nthawi yomweyo, ziyenera kunenedwa kuti nthawi ya insulin iyenera kuwerengedwa mutatsegula mankhwalawa. Mwatsatanetsatane za moyo wamatumba

Komanso, ngakhale masiku atha kukhala abwinobwino, mankhwalawo amatha kutha msanga ngati wodwala satsatira malamulo oti asungidwe. Zinthu zokhala ndi insulini ziyenera kutetezedwa kuti zisazizidwe, kuzizira kwambiri komanso kuyatsidwa ndi dzuwa. Iyenera kusungidwa kutentha kutentha kwa 20 (madigiri 20 mpaka 22) ndi malo amdima.

Kodi gluconeogenesis ndi chiyani

Ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatsika kuposa kwina ndipo chakudya chama carbohydrate (glycogen) chatha kale, ndiye kuti m'maselo a chiwindi, impso ndi matumbo, njira yosinthira mapuloteniwa kukhala shuga. Njirayi imatchedwa "gluconeogeneis", imachedwa kwambiri komanso siyothandiza.

Mwa anthu athanzi labwino, ndipo ngakhale odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2, kapamba amene amakhala mu "kusala" nthawi zonse amapanga insulin. Chifukwa chake, insulin yaying'ono imakhalapo mthupi lonse.

Izi zimatchedwa "basal," kutanthauza "chikhazikitso" cha insulin m'mwazi. Zimayimira chiwindi, impso komanso matumbo kuti mapuloteni sayenera kusinthidwa kukhala glucose kuti achulukitse shuga. Kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi "zoletsa" gluconeogeneis, ndiko kuti, kumalepheretsa.

Kuphatikiza mawonekedwe ndi zina

Nthawi zambiri, anthu odwala matenda ashuga amapatsidwa jekeseni wambiri wa insulin limodzi ndi insulin. Monga lamulo, mankhwalawa amasonkhanitsidwa mu syringe imodzi ndikuperekedwa nthawi imodzi. Komabe, pankhaniyi ndikofunikira kutsatira malingaliro onse a dokotala.

Nthawi zambiri, chithandizo cha odwala omwe amadzipangira okha mankhwalawa kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kukhala ndi insulin ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe jakisoni samathandizira kuti shuga asungidwe.

Mankhwala omwe akhala akuchita kwa nthawi yayitali amatha kutaya katundu wawo ngati atasakanizidwa ndimankhwala osakhalitsa. Mothandizidwa ndi owongolera, mphamvu zawo zimaponderezedwa, ndipo jakisoni sapereka zotsatira.

Kuphatikiza apo, ngati insulin siyithandiza, ndikofunikanso kuwunika momwe kayendetsedwe kake kamayendera. Anthu ambiri amalakwitsa pakubaya, chifukwa chomwe amalephera kuchiritsa matenda awo.

Mimba ndiye malo abwino kwambiri a jekeseni.

Chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, anthu ambiri samvera chidwi ndi kukhalapo kwa mpweya mu syringe. Ndipo izi ndizofunikira kwambiri. Kukhalapo kwake kumayambitsa kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni omwe adayambitsidwa ndipo, mwachilengedwe, motsutsana ndi maziko a izi, njira yotsitsa shuga m'magazi imalepheretseka.

Gawo lofunikanso pakupanga jakisoni ndikusankha kwa malo a jekeseni. Zimakhala zoyipa kwambiri ngati kumayambiriro kumachitika m'chiuno kapena m'mbali mwa khungu pamwamba pa matako. Zingwe ziyenera kupangidwa mwachindunji kumapewa kapena pamimba. Magawo awa ndi oyenera kwambiri kutsata insulin.

Komabe, jakisoni m'gawo lomwelo amaletsedwa. Ndikofunikira kuti muzitha kuphatikiza magawo a mankhwalawo moyenera, chifukwa magwiridwe akewo amatengera izi. Akatswiri amatanthauzira ma aligoramu angapo pakuyambitsa insulin.

Loyamba - kwa mankhwala aliwonse ali ndi gawo lake. Chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, ngati wodwala agwiritsa ntchito insulin yochepa, ndiye kuti iyenera kuperekedwa pakhungu pamimba, popeza pano ndiwothandiza kwambiri.

Algorithm yachiwiri ndikupaka mankhwalawo pamalo omwewo kwa sabata, pambuyo pake dera la jakisoni likusintha. Ndiye kuti, poyamba munthu amatha kupereka jakisoni padera la phewa lamanja, ndipo patatha sabata ayenera kusintha jakisoni, mwachitsanzo, kumadera a ntchafu lakumanzere. Kusintha kwa jakisoni wa insulin kuyenera kuchitika masiku 7 aliwonse.

Malinga ndi akatswiri, ndi ndendende malamulo amenewa omwe amathandizira kuti adzigwira bwino. Komabe, izi sizinthu zofunikira zonse zofunika kuziganizira mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala okhala ndi insulin.

Ngati jakisoni wa insulin sapereka zotsatira zabwino, muyenera kuuzako dokotala

Mankhwala ena, monga omwe amadziwika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa insulin (mwachitsanzo, Protafan kapena Himulin N), ndizovomerezeka kuyimira mu syringe imodzi yokhala ndi gawo lalifupi musanalowe.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake kufunsira kwa katswiri kukhala chinthu chofunikira.

Mitundu ina ya insulin yomwe imadziwika ndi zochita zazitali (mwachitsanzo, Monotard, Lente) itha kutaya katundu wawo. Mwambiri nthawi zambiri mukasakanikirana ndi insulin yochepa, izi zimayambitsa kufooka kwakukulu kwa zomwe zimasakanizidwa.

1. ngati pali mpweya mu syringe, gawo laling'ono kwambiri la mahomoni lidzayambitsidwa kuposa zomwe zinali zofunikira poyamba. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kukhalapo kwake kapena kusakhalapo,
2. mulingo woyenera kwambiri ndi mphamvu ya insulin ikabayidwa pamimba,
3. pang'ono, koma, komabe, chimakulirakulira komanso pang'ono pang'onopang'ono ndikamayikidwa mu ntchafu ndi zomata za chikopa pamwamba pa matako. Zofunika kwambiri ndizomwe zimayambitsa dera.

Ndikofunikanso kuganizira kuti kutha kwa chiwonetsero cha insulin kumachitika chifukwa cha magwiridwe ake oyendetsera bwino amaphatikizidwa.Pachifukwa ichi, akatswiri amawunika ma algorithms awiri, oyamba omwe ali kuti gawo lililonse limagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku lililonse malinga ndi mapulani omwe anakonzekera.

Malinga ndi izi, jakisoni aliyense amakhala ndi gawo lake losiyana. Poterepa, gawo la mahomoni amtundu waufupi limalimbikitsidwa kuti liyambike pansi pakhungu pamimba. Mwanjira imeneyi, kuyamba kwa zovuta kwa wothandizirayo kumaperekedwa.

Polankhula za algorithm yachiwiri, ziyenera kudziwika kuti imakhala m'lingaliro lakuti mkati mwa milungu ingapo kupangidwako kuyenera kuyambitsidwa mu gawo limodzi. Tiyerekeze kuti ikhoza kukhala m'mbali kumanja kapena kumanzere, ndipo milungu yotsatirayi - mu algorithm osiyana (mwachitsanzo, m'dera la dzanja lamanja kapena lamanzere).

Umu ndi momwe zingathekere kulankhula za kukwaniritsa kuchuluka kwakukulu ndi zotsatira za insulin. Komabe, awa ali kutali ndi malamulo onse omwe amapereka chitetezo ku mfundo yakuti gawo la mahomoni siligwira ntchito.

Pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri zapitazo, analogue of the human hormone insulin idapangidwa koyamba. Ndipo kuyambira pamenepo zasinthidwa kuti odwala matenda ashuga agwiritse ntchito mitundu ingapo ya insulini kuti azikhala ndi shuga yabwinobwino m'magazi, kutengera moyo wawo.

Monga mukudziwa, insulin imapezeka m'thupi kumbuyo ndipo imapangidwa ndi kapamba pambuyo pazakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi zopatsa mphamvu.

Ndi chitukuko cha matenda a shuga, chifukwa chachikulu ndikuphwanya magwiridwe antchito a endocrine ndi kulephera kwachilengedwe. Zotsatira zake, shuga ya m'magazi a munthu imakwera pang'onopang'ono, yotsalira kwambiri, zomwe zimatsogolera kukula kwa matenda osokoneza bongo komanso zovuta zina.

Dokotalayo amapereka mankhwala a insulin kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo a mtundu woyamba komanso nthawi zina wachiwiri. Nthawi yomweyo, insulin yochepa, yapakatikati kapena yayitali imaperekedwa kwa odwala matenda ashuga kutengera mawonekedwe a thupi. Gulu la insulin limasiyanasiyana malinga ndi moyo wa wodwala.

Ochita zinthu mwachidule amayerekeza kupanga insulini poyankha mafuta omwe amalowa m'thupi, ndipo omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali amakhala ngati insulini yakumbuyo.

Insulin yochepa imalowetsedwa m'thupi mphindi 30 mpaka 40 asanadye, pambuyo pake odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kudya. Pambuyo pokonzekera insulin, kudumpha chakudya sikuloledwa. Wodwalayo amasankha nthawi yeniyeni payekha payekha, kuganizira mawonekedwe a thupi, njira ya matenda ashuga komanso mtundu wa chakudya.

Ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo onse omwe adokotala adapereka, chifukwa mtundu waufupi wa insulin uli ndi zochitika zake zapamwamba, zomwe ziyenera kugwirizana ndi nthawi yowonjezereka m'magazi a wodwalayo atatha kudya.

Ndikofunikanso kudziwa kuti mulingo wa chakudya womwe umamwetsa nthawi yomweyo, kotero kuti mulingo wa insulin womwe umayendetsedwa unkawerengedwa ndipo umatha kulipirira kuchepa kwa mahomoni.

Kuperewera kwa insulin kungayambitse kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ndipo kumwa kwambiri, m'malo mwake, kumachepetsa kwambiri shuga. Zosankha zonse ziwirizi ndizosavomerezeka, chifukwa zimabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa.

Nthawi zambiri amathandizidwa ndi odwala matenda ashuga ngati kuchuluka kwa glucose wawo atakwera atatha kudya. Ndikofunikira kuti odwala amvetsetse kuti kuchuluka kwa insulin yayifupi kumakhala kochulukirapo kuposa nthawi yowonjezereka ya shuga pambuyo podya.

Pachifukwa ichi, odwala matenda ashuga amafunika maola awiri kapena atatu pambuyo pa insulin kuti awonjezere zowonjezera shuga m'magazi abwinobwino komanso kupewa matenda a hypoglycemia.

• Mosasamala mtundu wa insulin yocheperako yomwe imaperekedwa, wodwalayo ayenera kumangopereka chakudya chisanachitike.
• Insulin yochepa imakhala bwino ngati itengedwa pakamwa, zomwe zimakhala zopindulitsa kwambiri komanso zotetezeka kwa odwala matenda ashuga.
• Kuti mankhwala obayidwa azilowetsedwa mofananamo, sikofunikira kuti muthetsere jekeseni malo osungirako musanapereke insulin yayifupi.
• Mlingo wa insulin yochepa umayikidwa palokha. Potere, akuluakulu amatha kulowa magawo 8 mpaka 24 patsiku, ndipo ana osaposa magawo 8 patsiku.

Kuti wodwala azitha kuwerengera payokha kuchuluka kwa mahomoni omwe amaperekedwa, pali zomwe zimatchedwa insulin. Mlingo umodzi wa insulin waifupi umakhala ndi mlingo womwe umawerengeredwa kuti umalowe pachakudya, ndi mlingo wochepetsera shuga. Pankhaniyi, zigawo zonse ziwiri ziyenera kukhala zofanana ndi zero.

• Ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi opanda kanthu ndikwabwinobwino, pamenepa, gawo lachiwiri, lomwe limapangidwa kuti muchepetse shuga, lidzakhala zero. Mtengo woyamba udzatengera kuchuluka kwa mikate yomwe amakonza kudya ndi chakudya.
• Ngati magazi a shuga ali pamimba yopanda kanthu ndikufanana ndi 11.4 mmol / lita, pamenepa, mulingo wochepetsera shuga ukhale magawo awiri. Mlingowo amawerengedwa potengera kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe chimakonzedwa kuti muzidya ndi chakudya, kuganizira kwambiri za kulakalaka.
• Ngati wodwala matenda ashuga ali ndi malungo chifukwa cha chimfine, mtundu wochepa wa insulin nthawi zambiri umaperekedwa mu mlingo womwe umapangidwira malungo afupiafupi. 10 peresenti ya tsiku ndi tsiku mlingo ndi magawo anayi kuphatikiza mlingo wa mkate woti adyedwe.

Masiku ano m'masitolo apadera mutha kupeza mitundu yambiri ya insulin yochepa, kuphatikizapo:

Miyezo ya shuga yamagazi - yovomerezeka komanso yeniyeni

Mwa anthu athanzi lopanda matenda a shuga, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhala kosamalidwa bwino kwambiri - kuyambira 3.9 mpaka 5.3 mmol / L. Ngati mumayesa magazi nthawi iliyonse, mosasamala zakudya, mwa munthu wathanzi, ndiye kuti magazi ake adzakhala pafupifupi 4,7 mmol / L.

Magazi a pachikhalidwe cha shuga ndi okwera kwambiri. Amatsogolera pakupanga zovuta za matenda ashuga mkati mwa zaka 10-20. Ngakhale mwa anthu athanzi, chakudya chikadzaza ndi chakudya chamafuta ambiri, shuga m'magazi amatha kudumphira mpaka 8-9 mmol / l.

Koma ngati palibe shuga, ndiye kuti mukatha kudya imayamba kuzimiririka patangopita mphindi zochepa, ndipo simuyenera kuchita chilichonse chifukwa chake. Mu matenda ashuga, "nthabwala" ndi thupi, kumudyetsa wamafuta owonjezera, sizili bwino.

M'mabuku a sayansi azachipatala komanso otchuka pa matenda ashuga, 3.3-6.6 mmol / L komanso mpaka 7.8 mmol / L amadziwika kuti ndi shuga. Mwa anthu athanzi opanda matenda a shuga, shuga m'magazi samadumphira mpaka 7.8 mmol / L, pokhapokha mutadya chakudya chochuluka, kenako mumikhalidwe yotere imatsika kwambiri.

Malangizo owonjezera

Mwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wa adipose omwe amakhala osawoneka ndi mfuti. Nthawi yomweyo, odwala samakayikira kupezeka kwawo, kumawazindikira ngati minofu ya adipose, pomwe amaba jakisoni.

Ndipo monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, zambiri zimatengera gawo la mankhwalawa. Koma sizinawonetsedwepo kale kuti mukabayidwa ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito kwathunthu dera lonse. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mankhwalawo alowetsedwera pambuyo pake, ndiye kuti gawo liyenera kukulitsidwa mpaka kumapeto a inguinal.

Malo pakati pa nthiti ndi navel amaonedwa ngati malo abwino kwambiri oyendetsera insulin. Kuyika malo opaka jakisoni sikuti kumangowonjezera mphamvu ya mankhwalawo, komanso sikuti kumayambitsa mapangidwe azisindikizo zopweteka zomwe zimachitika, mwachitsanzo, pamene insulin imalowetsedwa m'chigawo cha gluteal.

Zochitika zomwe zimachitika mankhwala asanakhazikitsidwe zimathandizanso pakuwonekera kwake. Anthu ambiri amathandizira jakisoni wa m'deralo ndi mowa, womwe umaletsedwa mwamphamvu, chifukwa mowa umawononga insulin, ndipo kutha kwake kumachepetsedwa kwambiri.

Kuthamanga ndi kutalika kwa insulin

Poona izi, ambiri odwala matenda ashuga ali ndi funso lambiri momwe angapangire khungu. Ndipo palibe chomwe chikufunika. Kuopsa kwa kachilombo pobweretsa insulin yamakono ndi ma syringe omwe amagulitsidwa ndizochepa, chifukwa chake, chithandizo chowonjezera pakhungu jakisanachitike. Pankhaniyi, zitha kuvulaza.

Ndipo musanalowe mankhwalawa, muyenera kupanga khola la khungu, kulikhomera ndi zala zanu ndikukoka pang'ono. Kupanda kutero, mankhwalawa amatha kuyambitsa minofu, yomwe imakhudza zotsatira zake.

Monga mukudziwa, mapangidwe a wen amatha kutchedwa kuti pafupipafupi. Kuphatikiza apo, sizimawoneka nthawi zonse ndi maliseche, chifukwa chake odwala matenda ashuga sangadziwe za iwo ndikulowetsa insulin pamenepo, poganiza kuti izi ndizophweka pakhungu.

Akatswiri amaunika chidwi chakuti zolakwika nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa popereka insulin m'malo ena.

Pankhaniyi, ndikufuna kuwonetsa zina zomwe sizinawonetsedwepo kale. Chowonadi ndi chakuti ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mtunda wonse, kupangitsa kuti ikhale yotheka momwe mungathere. Mwachitsanzo, kumbali, ya mbali yapamwamba kwambiri ya thunthu kapena pansi mpaka kumapeto.

M'deralo pakati pa nthiti ndi navel, kugwiritsa ntchito gawo la mahomoni sikudzakhala kolondola chimodzimodzi. Izi sizingachitike mu insulin yokwanira, komanso chifukwa chakuti munthawi imeneyi, zisindikizo sizingapangike pakhungu, ndipo kuchuluka kwa ululu wa jakisoni kumachepetsedwa kwambiri.

Vuto linanso lalikulu ndi kumwa mowa nthawi yomweyo jakisoni isanachitike. Chowonadi ndi chakuti chikuwononga insulini. Kuphatikiza apo, chithandizo chotere cha pakhungu sichofunikira, chifukwa kufalikira kwa jekeseni ndikuyambitsa insulin ndi ma syringes ndizochepa komanso pafupifupi zero.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kwambiri kuti mupange khola la khungu, chifukwa, apo ayi, gawo la mahomoni lingayambitsidwe m'dera la minofu. Izi zimakhala ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa kwambiri, chifukwa sipadzakhala chidaliro mu mphamvu ya kapangidwe kake.

Mwambiri, nthawi zambiri zimayamba kuchita zinthu mwamphamvu kapena zochepa, popanda kubweretsa zomwe mukufuna. Amakhala otaya mtima kumasula khola la khungu kufikira atayambitsidwa ndi insulin yonse.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti pali njira zambiri zapadera zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kuthekera kwa kutaya ndi kuchepetsa izi mtsogolo.

Choyenereradi kudziwa ndi momwe zolembera za syringe zikuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Zomwe zimachitika ndi matenda a shuga 1

• Pazolinga za homeopathy
• Pazambiri
• Pazovuta
• Zokhudza chithandizo

Mtundu woyamba 1 ndi mtundu 2 wa matenda a shuga ndi matenda ovuta kuwonjezereka mwa kuchuluka kwa insulin ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro zambiri. Pankhani imeneyi, ndikofunikira kuyandikira vuto la kubwezeretsanso thupi mokwanira. Njira yabwino kwambiri yomwe imaperekera chithandizo chokwanira ndi homeopathy.

Pazolinga za homeopathy

Akatswiri ambiri pantchito ya endocrinology amathandizira malingaliro kuti kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a shuga kuyenera kuonedwa ngati kupewa, kapena, chinthu chomwe chimachedwetsa mapangidwe a zovuta zamtundu uliwonse:

• angiopathy (mavuto a mtima),
• neuropathies (mavuto ndi mathero amitsempha).

Nthawi yomweyo, pali lingaliro linanso, lomwe ndi kuti Microangiopathy, yomwe ndi kukula kwa membrane wina wapadera, imapangidwa kale kwambiri kuposa njira yodziwika yowonjezera shuga m'magazi.

Izi zikusonyeza kuti chithandizo chawo chikufunika komanso zikutanthauza kuti zovuta za matenda ashuga siziyenera kutengedwa chifukwa chakuwonjezeka kwa shuga wamagazi, koma monga zinthu za matenda omwewo.

Umu ndi momwe homeopathy imagwirizanirana ndi matenda a shuga. Kafukufuku yemwe wachitika pakati pa mitundu ndi mayiko osiyanasiyana, komanso kafukufuku wamapasa ofanana, awonetsa kuti chithandizo cha mankhwala ochepetsa shuga sichingakhale njira yoteteza makamaka pakuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yamtundu uliwonse wa matenda ashuga.

Cholinga chachikulu cha chithandizo cha homeopathy cha matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba ndi wachiwiri chiyenera kuganiziridwa ngati kukhazikika kwa matendawa, kupewa komanso chithandizo chokwanira cha zonse zomwe zimachitika mwachilengedwe.

Chifukwa chake, ndi matenda amtundu woyamba, cholinga cha homeopathy chikuyenera kuganiziridwa:

1. kusungidwa kofunikira kwa maselo a beta,
2. kumangidwa insulini
3. Kuchepetsa kapena kuchotsa zizindikiro za diabetogenic (ngakhale zomwe zimakhala zamaganizidwe achilengedwe).

Ngati tizingolankhula za matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, omwe amadzimana palokha ndi insulini, ndiye kuti cholinga chotsimikizika chikuyenera kukhala chosavomerezeka, komanso kusinthidwa kwa ma insulin receptors omwe awonongedwa.

Pazambiri

Mlingo wogwira ntchito kwa homeopathy sikukutanthauza kukhazikika kwa magawo ena amomwe amomwe amadziwika, komanso thanzi labwino, komanso mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo mwa malingaliro ake.

Ngati tikulankhula za matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba, ndiye kuti titha kunena motsimikiza kuti ndi chifukwa cha mahomoni awa kuti odwala matenda ashuga amakhalabe ndi moyo, koma homeopathy yokhayo imathandiza kusungabe moyo komanso njira zina zonse zofunika.

Kuchiza ndi homeopathy kumapangitsa kubwezeretsa osati kokha limodzi ndi zomwe zimatchedwa chiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga. Tikuyankhula za matenda a impso, ochepa matenda oopsa, kupita patsogolo kwa atherosulinosis.

Ngati titalankhula za kafukufuku wamakono, amatsimikizira kuti mwa ana ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga sadziwika ndi chiyambi cha autoimmune. Pankhani imeneyi, mu zochitika ngati izi, sikungowonjezera thanzi labwino, komanso kuchiritsa mothandizidwa ndi homeopathy.

Kukodza pafupipafupi, kumangokhala ndi ludzu ndi njala sikuperekedwa kapena kufotokozedwa bwino.

Chifukwa chake, kugwira ntchito kwa homeopathy mu matenda amtundu uliwonse kumadziwika. Koma kodi mankhwalawa amathandiza kuthana ndi zovuta zingapo?

Pazovuta

Mwanjira ina, ndikofunikira kukambirana za chithandizo mothandizidwa ndi matenda a homeopathy pamalingaliro a shuga. Akatswiri akukhulupirira kuti kuchuluka kwambiri kwa glucose m'thupi la munthu kumapangitsa kuti ma molekyulu ake ayambe kutsatira mapuloteni. Mwakutero, amaletsa ntchito zawo.

Zofanana ndizomwe zimayamba kuchitika ndi hemoglobin:

• hypoxia yamatumbo inayake imapangidwa,
• wotchedwa glycated hemoglobin amapangidwa, womwe umatha kukhala chimodzi mwazizindikiro za matenda asanafike matenda ashuga.

Kuchiza ndi homeopathy komanso kusintha kwa moyo kumapangitsa kuti muchepetse kwambiri matenda a shuga. Izi zikutsimikizidwa ndi kusintha kwa chiŵerengero cha hemoglobin ya glycated monga gawo la chithandizo cha ana.

Zochita zamankhwala kwazaka zambiri zatsimikizira kufunikira kogwiritsa ntchito homeopathy ndi matenda amtsogolo a shuga. Ndi za mapangidwe a neuropathy, angiopathy a m'munsi malekezero.

Kusankhidwa kwa njira yoyenera ya homeopathic pamilandu iyi kuyeneranso kutsimikiziridwa malinga ndi madandaulo, matenda osiyanasiyana a matenda, mbiri yachipatala komanso zovuta zamtundu wa wodwala. Kodi muyenera kudziwa chiyani za mankhwalawa?

Homeopathy imakhudzana ndi chithandizo chapadera, chotchuka kwambiri ndikuphika kwa potions, komanso masisitere apadera omwe amakhudza mphamvu zambiri za thupi la matenda ashuga. Chinsinsi chopangira potion woyamba ndichosavuta:

1. mapiritsi atatu a "Acidum phosphoricum",
2. mapiritsi atatu "Arsenic",
3. mapiritsi atatu a Uranium,
4. mapiritsi atatu "Creosote", "Iris", "Sicignum."

Mankhwala opangidwa kuchokera ku mowa amapangidwa m'njira zonse. Homeopathy imaphatikizanso kugwiritsa ntchito madontho 30 katatu patsiku.

Payokha, magawo a kutikita minofu amayenera kukumbukiridwa, chifukwa pafupifupi pakatikati pobwezeretsa thupi mothandizidwa ndi homeopathy, magawo asanu mpaka asanu ndi awiri kumbuyo ndi pamimba akuyenera kuchitidwa ndi katswiri.

Kutenga mankhwala ofooketsa tizilombo ameneŵa kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndikuwonetsa kukhathamiritsa kwakadali kofunika, kusinthanso kuchira ndi zitsamba m'miyezi itatu kapena inayi yotsatira. Nthawi yomweyo, maphunziro a homeopathy sayenera kumaliza.

Chifukwa chake, chithandizo ndi njira za homeopathic ndikulakalaka kuthetsa mavuto onse omwe amawoneka ndi matenda ashuga. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kuyankha mwanzeru nkhaniyi. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kufunsira kwa endocrinologist ndi homeopath.

Ndimakonda kudwala matenda ashuga chifukwa banja langa linali ndi abale omwe ali ndi matendawa. Pakadali pano, mwamwayi, ndilibe matenda, koma ndikufuna kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa munthu wathanzi, kuti ndimvetsetse ndikayamba matenda ashuga.

Tiyeni tiwone momwe insulin imalamulira shuga m'magazi mwa munthu wathanzi popanda matenda a shuga. Tiyerekeze kuti munthuyu wadya chakudya cham'mawa, ndipo pakudya m'mawa adasenda mbatata ndi chidule - chisakanizo cha chakudya chokhala ndi mapuloteni.

Chakudya chokhala ndi chakudya chamagulu ambiri chikalowa mkamwa, ma michere am'mimba nthawi yomweyo amayamba kuwola chakudya "zovuta" m'magulu a glucose osavuta, ndipo glucoseyo nthawi yomweyo amatengeka ndi nembanemba.

Kuchokera ku chakudya chamagulu, shuga wamagazi amatuluka nthawi yomweyo, ngakhale munthu sanathebe kumeza chilichonse! Ichi ndi chizindikiro kwa kapamba kuti ndi nthawi yofunika kuponyera mwachangu kuchuluka kwa mafuta a insulin m'magazi.

Kutulutsa kwa insulin kosungira m'magazi kumatchedwa "gawo loyamba la mayankho a insulin." Amachepetsa mwachangu kulumikizidwa koyambirira m'magazi a shuga, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha chakudya chamafuta, ndipo amatha kupewa kuwonjezereka.

Mafuta a insulin osungidwa mu kapamba amatha. Ngati ndi kotheka, imapanga insulin yowonjezera, koma zimatenga nthawi. Insulin, yomwe imalowa m'magazi pang'ono pang'onopang'ono, imatchedwa "gawo lachiwiri la kuyankha kwa insulin."

Pamene chakudyacho chikugayidwa, glucose akupitilizabe kulowa m'magazi, ndipo kapamba amapanga insulini ina kuti "iwapangitse". Gawo la shuga limasinthidwa kukhala glycogen, chinthu chosakhazikika chomwe chimasungidwa m'maselo am'misempha ndi chiwindi.

Pakapita kanthawi, "zotengera" zonse zosungira glycogen zidzaza. Ngati pali shuga wambiri m'magazi, ndiye kuti mothandizidwa ndi insulin, amasintha kukhala mafuta odzaza, omwe amawaika m'maselo a adipose minofu.

Pambuyo pake, misempha ya shuga ya ngwazi yathu ikhoza kuyamba kutsika. Pankhaniyi, maselo a pancreatic alpha adzayamba kupanga mahomoni ena - glucagon. Zili ngati wotsutsana ndi insulin ndipo amalembera ma cell a minofu ndi chiwindi kuti ndikofunikira kutembenuza glycogen kukhala glucose.

Kodi kukana kwa mankhwala kumawonetsedwa bwanji?

Ndi kukana, insulini imagwira ntchito chifukwa cha kulephera kwa maselo kuyamwa mokwanira mankhwala omwe amaperekedwa. Mchere wambiri umakhazikika, ndipo kapamba amatulutsa kuchuluka kwamahomoni.

• ovary polycystic,
• kuchuluka kwa cholesterol "choyipa",
• matenda amitsempha yama mtima ndi mtima,
• matenda oopsa
• kunenepa.

Ngakhale wodwalayo ataba jakisoni wolondola, sangapereke zotsatira zomwe akufuna. Ndipo chifukwa cha izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala kukana kwa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zodabwitsazi mu mankhwala zimatchedwa "metabolic syndrome."

Zinthu ngati izi zimatha kupangitsa kukula:

• kupezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa thupi,
• cholesterol yayikulu magazi,
• kulumikizana pafupipafupi ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi (matenda oopsa),
• matenda a mtima
• polycystic ovary (mwa akazi).

Ngati wodwala ali ndi metabolic syndrome ndipo akapatsidwa jakisoni wa insulin, ndiye kuti sangapereke chilichonse. Ndipo zonse chifukwa choti maselo amthupi omwe ali munthawiyi amalephera kuyankha mahormoni.

Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakwera kwambiri, komwe kapamba amapatsa mphamvu - imazindikira kuchuluka kwa glucose monga kuchepa kwa insulini mthupi, imayamba kutulutsa timadzi tating'ono tomwe, chifukwa chake, maselo ake "amatopa" ndipo kuchuluka kwa insulini m'thupi kumapitirira masiku onse . Zonsezi zimabweretsa kuyipa kwa wodwala.

Limagwirira kukula kwa insulin kukana

Kukana kwa insulini nthawi zambiri kumawonetsedwa ndi izi:

• kudya magazi,
• kuthamanga kwa magazi
• kutsitsa cholesterol "yabwino" m'magazi ndikuwonjezera "oyipawo",
• kuchuluka kwambiri kwa thupi
• kuwoneka kwa mapuloteni mumkodzo, komwe kumawonetsa kukula kwa aimpso.

Ndipo chifukwa choti kukana insulini kumatha kudzetsa mavuto akulu azaumoyo, kusowa kwa zotsatira pambuyo pakupereka mankhwalawa kuyenera kumuchenjeza wodwalayo ndikupangitsa kuti awunikenso, zomwe zingatsimikizire kapena kutsutsa kukula kwa vuto ili. Ngati matendawa atsimikizira, wodwalayo ayenera kulandira chithandizo chokwanira.

Mapuloteni mumkodzo akuwonetsa kuti impso sizitha kuthana ndi nkhawa zambiri.

Nthawi zina ngakhale ndi njira yoyenera yoyendetsera ndikutsatira Mlingo wonse womwe dokotala wakupatsani, insulin siyothandiza ndipo siyotsitsa shuga.

Izi zitha kukhala chiwonetsero chokana chida chachipatala. Mu terminology yamankhwala, dzina la "metabolic syndrome" limagwiritsidwabe ntchito.

Zifukwa zazikuluzikuluzi zimatha kukhala izi:

• kunenepa kwambiri komanso kunenepa kwambiri
• kukula kwa matenda ashuga amitundu iwiri,
• kuthamanga kwa magazi kapena cholesterol,
• zosiyanasiyana za mtima dongosolo,
• kukula kwa polycystic ovary.

Pamaso pa insulin kukaniza, shuga samachepetsa chifukwa chakuti maselo amthupi sangathe kuyankha kwathunthu chifukwa cha mankhwala omwe amaperekedwa. Zotsatira zake, thupi limapeza shuga wambiri, pomwe kapamba amawona ngati akusowa insulini. Chifukwa chake, thupi limapanga insulini yambiri kuposa momwe limafunikira.

Zotsatira za kukana kulowa m'thupi zimawonedwa:

• shuga wamagazi ambiri
• kuchuluka kwa insulin.

Zizindikiro zazikulu zomwe zikuwonetsa kukula kwa njirayi zikuwonetsedwa motere:

• pali kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi pamimba yopanda kanthu,
• kuthamanga kwa magazi kumakhala kosakhazikika,
• pali kuchepa kwa cholesterol "yabwino" yokhala ndi chiwopsezo chakuthwa kwambiri mpaka kufika pamlingo woipa "woipa",
• mavuto ndi matenda a ziwalo zamtima zimatha kukhazikika, nthawi zambiri pamakhala kuchepa kwamankhwala am'mimba, komwe kumayambitsa matenda a atherosclerosis ndi mapangidwe a magazi,
• kunenepa
• Pali zovuta ndi impso, monga zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kupezeka kwa mapuloteni mkodzo.

Ngati insulini siyitulutsa mphamvu yoyenera, ndipo shuga wamagazi sayamba kutsika, ndikofunikira kuti mupititse mayeso owonjezera ndikuyesa mayeso owunikira.

Mwina wodwalayo amakhala ndi insulin.

Kodi tanthauzo la chitukuko cha matenda a Syomozhdi ndi ati?

Somoji syndrome imawoneka ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo osaneneka. Zizindikiro zake:

• matupi a ketone amawonekera mkodzo,
• ndi kuwonjezeka kwa tsiku ndi tsiku mlingo wa mankhwalawa, mkhalidwe umakhala bwino,
• glucose amachepetsa ndi fuluwenza chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mahomoni panthawi ya matenda,
• kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa glucose tsiku limodzi,
• wodwala amakhala ndi njala nthawi zonse, thupi limachuluka,
• pafupipafupi hypoglycemia.

Ngati insulini singathandize, wodwalayo amayamba kuchuluka. Musanachite izi, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa mgwirizano womwe ulipo pakati pa kupumula ndi kukhala maso, kulimba kwa katunduyo, ndikuwunika zakudya. Ngati shuga satsika, imangowonjezereka ngakhale pamimba yopanda kanthu, palibe chifukwa chothamangira kuti musinthe mlingo. Mwina izi ndi zomwe zimachitika mthupi, ndipo kuchepa kwa mankhwala omwe amathandizidwawo kumayambitsa matenda a Somoji.

Kuti mupeze bongo wambiri, ndikofunikira kutenga miyeso ya usiku uliwonse pafupipafupi, mwachitsanzo, 3 koloko. Patatha maola awiri pakati pausiku, hypoglycemia imachitika. Kufunika kwa mahomoni kumatsikira pang'ono.

Matenda a Samoji amapanga mtundu wa insulin. Amakhala mu mawonekedwe a kuyankha kwa thupi kuukira mwadongosolo kuwonjezeka shuga. Matenda a Samoji amawoneka ndi izi:

• Masana pali kusinthasintha kwakukuru kwamlingo wamagazi m'magazi, kenako ndikulowera kumalire ena, kumapeto.
• pafupipafupi kuukira kwa hypoglycemia, komwe kumatha kuwonekera pompopompo posachedwa
• kuwoneka mumkodzo wa matupi a ketone (wapezeka ndi kutumiza kwa OAM),
• njala yosalekeza
• kunenepa
• Mlingo wa insulin ulikulidwe, matenda akuwonjezeka,
• ndi chimfine, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi sikusinthika (izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti kachilombokaakalowa m'thupi, pamafunika mphamvu zambiri kuti athetse).

Somoji syndrome imatha kupangitsa kuti mupeze insulin yambiri

Odwala ambiri, akangoona kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, amayamba kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa insulin yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito, osakambirana ndi adokotala. Koma kuchita izi ndizoletsedwa.

M'malo mochulukitsa kuchuluka kwa insulini yoyendetsedwa, muyenera kulabadira zina, monga mtundu wa chakudya chomwe mumadya, masewera olimbitsa thupi (wokhala ndi moyo wangwiro, ndalama zamagetsi ndizochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga) komanso kupezeka kwa kuchuluka kwambiri kugona ndikupumula.

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga komanso kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi kwa nthawi yayitali sayenera kugwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wa insulin. Chowonadi ndichakuti kwa munthu aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga pamakhala miyezo yama glucose amomwe amamva bwino.

Ngati mukukayikira kuti chitukuko cha matenda a Somoji chikufunika, muyenera kuyesedwa mokwanira kuchipatala

Kuti atsimikizire kupezeka kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo ambiri a insulin m'thupi, wodwalayo amafunika kufufuza njira zingapo. Chofunikira kwambiri mu bizinesi iyi ndi muyezo wamagulu a shuga wamagazi. Osatinso masana, komanso usiku.

Ndi chitukuko cha matenda a Somogy, kuchepa kwambiri kwa shuga m'magazi kumawonedwa pafupifupi 2 koloko m'mawa. Ndipo ziyenera kudziwika kuti ndi usiku womwe thupi limadya mphamvu zochepa, chifukwa chake, insulin yomwe imayambitsidwa nthawi ya 8-9 pm izichita bwino kwambiri komanso motalika.

Ndi njira yoyenera, Somoji syndrome imachiritsidwa mosavuta. Chachikulu ndikutsatira mosamalitsa malingaliro onse a adokotala ndipo musapitirire muyeso wa mankhwala okhala ndi insulin.

Chizindikiro chimodzi cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo osokoneza bongo ndikuwonekera kwa matenda a Somogy. Vutoli limayamba chifukwa cha kufupika kwa shuga m'magazi.

Zizindikiro zazikuluzikulu zodwala zomwe zimapangitsa wodwala kukhala ndi insulin mopitirira muyeso ndi motere:

• masana pali kulumpha kowopsa m'magulu a shuga, omwe amatha kufikira kwambiri, kenako kutsikira pansi pazisonyezo wamba,
• kukulitsa kwa pafupipafupi hypoglycemia, munthawi imodzimodzi, kuukira kwadzidzidzi komanso koonekeratu kungawoneke,
• urinalysis ikuwonetsa mawonekedwe a matupi a ketone,
• wodwalayo amakhala akumagona ndi njala, ndipo thupi limakulirakulira,
• Matendawa akuwonjezeka ngati mukulitsa kuchuluka kwa insulin, ndipo mukulira ngati muleka kuwonjezera mlingo wake.
• nthawi ya chimfine, pali kusintha kwamasamba amwazi, izi zimafotokozedwa ndikuti nthawi yamatendawa thupi limafunikira kuchuluka kwa insulini.

Monga lamulo, wodwala aliyense yemwe ali ndi shuga wambiri m'magazi amayamba kuchuluka kwa insulini yoyendetsedwa. Potere, musanachite izi, ndikulimbikitsidwa kupenda zomwe zikuchitika ndikuwonetsetsa kuchuluka ndi chakudya chomwe chimatengedwa, kupezeka kwa kupumula koyenera komanso kugona, kuchita zolimbitsa thupi mokwanira.

Kwa anthu omwe misempha ya glucose imasungidwa pamitunda yayitali kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo mutatha kudya pang'ono, palibe chifukwa chosungira vutoli ndi insulin. Kupatula apo, pali zochitika pamene mitengo yayikulu imadziwika ndi thupi laumunthu monga momwe limakhalira, ndikuchepetsa kwawo, kumatha kuyambitsa chitukuko cha matenda a Somoji.

Kuti muwonetsetse kuti ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo a insulin omwe amapezeka m'thupi, ndikofunikira kuchita zingapo zokhudzana ndi kuzindikira. Wodwala amayenera kukhala ndi miyezo ya shuga usiku panthawi inayake.

Monga momwe machitidwe amasonyezera, hypoglycemia imachitika pafupifupi ola lachiwiri kapena lachitatu lausiku. Tiyeneranso kudziwa kuti ndi munthawi imeneyi yomwe thupi limafunikira insulini pang'ono, ndipo nthawi yomweyo mphamvu yayikulu imachokera pakukhazikitsa mankhwala a nthawi yayitali (ngati jakisoni amapangidwa nthawi ya 8 kapena 9 madzulo).

Matenda a Somoji amadziwika ndi kukhazikika kwa shuga kumayambiriro kwa usiku ndikuchepa kwake pang'onopang'ono kwa maola awiri kapena atatu ndi kulumpha lakuthwa pafupi ndi m'mawa. Kuti mudziwe mlingo woyenera, muyenera kufunsa dokotala ndikutsatira malangizo ake onse.

Pokhapokha ngati izi, vuto loti shuga wa magazi sanachepetse limatha.

Kodi ndi maumboni ati omwe akuyenera kuganiziridwa pakuwerengera kuchuluka kwa insulin?

Kuchita kwa insulin mwachindunji kumatengera mlingo womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati mungalowe mu kuchuluka kosakwanira, kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa magazi kumakhalabe kosasinthika. Ngati mukulitsa kuchuluka, ndiye kuti izi zingapangitse kukula kwa hypoglycemia.

Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri pakupanga shuga kuti awerenge molondola kuchuluka kwa insulin. Pankhaniyi, mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa:

• Ultra-yochepa-kuchita insulin mlingo kusintha. Nthawi zambiri, anthu omwe samayang'anira zakudya zawo amakumana ndi vuto la postprandial hyperglycemia. Zimachitika ngati wodwalayo asanadye chakudya asanayambitse kuchuluka kwa insulin ndipo nthawi yomweyo amadya mkate wambiri kuposa momwe angafunikire. Zikatero, makonzedwe a insulin mwachangu amakhala okwanira.
• Kusintha kwa insulin yayitali kwa nthawi yayitali kumadalira shuga m'magazi ndi m'mawa.
• Ngati wodwala ali ndi matenda a Somoji, muyezo wamankhwala otulutsira m'mawa uyenera kukhala magawo awiri kuposa madzulo.
• Ngati pali matupi a ketone mu mkodzo, kuchuluka kwa insulin yochepa-mwachidule kumayikidwa.

Nthawi yomweyo, monga tanena kale, zakudya za wodwalayo komanso zolimbitsa thupi tsiku lonse zimaganiziridwa.Chifukwa chakufunika kuzindikira zonsezi, ndi dokotala yekha yemwe angakhazikitse mlingo woyenera wa insulin, womwe ungagwire ntchito pochiza matenda a shuga.

Ngakhale mulingo wosankhidwa bwino wa mankhwala amafunika kusintha zina malinga ndi mphamvu ya zinthu zosiyanasiyana.

Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zomwe muyenera kulabadira, kuti insulini ibweretse zotsatira zoyenera:

1. Ultra-yochepa kukhudzana insulin mlingo. Izi zimachitika kuti kuyambitsidwa kwa mankhwala osakwanira (ndiye kuti, panthawi ya chakudyacho kunadyedwa magawo angapo a mkate) kungayambitse kukula kwa postprandial hyperglycemia. Kuti muthane ndi vutoli, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muwonjezere mlingo wa mankhwalawo.
2. Kusintha kwa mankhwalawa kwa nthawi yayitali kumadalira kuchuluka kwa glucose musanadye chakudya komanso zisonyezo zam'mawa.
3. Ndi chitukuko cha matenda a Somogy, njira yoyenera ndiyo kuchepetsa mlingo wa mankhwala omwe amapezeka nthawi yayitali usiku pafupifupi magawo awiri.
4. Ngati mayesero a mkodzo akuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa matupi a ketone mmenemo, muyenera kukonza za kuchuluka kwa acetone, ndiko kuti, mupange jekeseni wowonjezera wa insulin yochepa kwambiri.

Kusintha kwa mlingo kuyenera kusinthidwa malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa zolimbitsa thupi. Kanemayo munkhaniyi akukamba za insulini.

Kuwerengera mlingo wa insulini: pezani chilichonse chomwe mukufuna. Phunzirani zamomwe mungapangire ndi ochepa Mlingo komanso shuga 3.9-5,5 mmol / L khola maola 24 patsiku. Mutha kuyimitsa kulumikizidwa kwa glucose m'magawo a shuga 1 mwa akulu ndi ana.

Ndikofunika kuwona momwe magazi a shuga ali ndi matenda ashuga kwa masiku angapo mosiyanasiyana, kenako ndikusankha mtundu wa insulin.

Insulin pochiza matenda amtundu 2 komanso matenda a shuga

Dziwani kuti Mlingo waukulu wa insulin ndi wosakhazikika komanso wosatsimikizika. Mphamvu yamachitidwe awo pamasiku osiyanasiyana ikhoza kusiyana ndi ± 56%. Kuti muchepetse matenda a shuga, muyenera kuthana ndi vutoli. Chida chachikulu ndikusintha kwa chakudya chamafuta ochepa, chomwe chimatsitsa nthawi 2-8.

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga omwe amachepetsa zakudya zawo zochokera m'magazi sayenera kubaya insulin yopitilira magawo 8 panthawi. Ngati mukufuna mlingo wapamwamba, gawani pakati pawiri jekeseni ofanana. Apangeni amodzi m'malo osiyanasiyana ndi syringe yomweyo.

Ambiri odwala matenda ashuga omwe amathandizidwa ndi insulin amakhulupirira kuti zochitika za shuga wochepa sizingapeweke. Amaganiza kuti kuukira kwa hypoglycemia ndi njira imodzi yosapeweka. M'malo mwake, mutha kusunga shuga wabwinobwino ngakhale mutakhala ndi matenda oopsa a autoimmune.

Ndipo makamaka, ndi matenda a shuga a 2 ochepa. Palibe chifukwa chakuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi anu kuti mudzilimbitse nokha motsutsana ndi hypoglycemia yoopsa. Onerani kanema pomwe Dr. Bernstein akufotokoza nkhaniyi. Phunzirani momwe mungasinthire zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso mulingo wa insulin.

Otsatirawa ndi mayankho a mafunso omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala Odwala.

Palibe zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi insulin. Komanso, mapiritsi okhala ndi mahomoniwa kulibe. Chifukwa ikafotokozedwa kudzera mkamwa, imawonongeka m'mimba, simalowa m'magazi ndipo sikukhudza kagayidwe kakang'ono ka glucose.

Mpaka pano, insulini yochepetsa shuga ya magazi imatha kubweretsedwa mthupi kokha mothandizidwa ndi jakisoni. Pali mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amapezeka ndi inhalation, koma sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa samapereka mlingo woyenera komanso wosasunthika.

Kuphatikiza pa milandu yoopsa kwambiri, odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kusinthana ndi zakudya zamafuta ochepa ndikukhala pamenepo kwa masiku 3-7, akumayang'ana magazi awo. Mutha kuwona kuti simukufunika jakisoni wa insulin konse.

Magazi a shuga omwe amakhala nawo ndi 3.9-5,5 mmol / L osachepera maola 24 patsiku.Odwala onenepa kwambiri amawonjezeranso mankhwala a Galvus Met, Glucofage kapena Siofor pachakudya, pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera mlingo wake.

Kusintha ku chakudya chopatsa thanzi ndikuyamba kudya metformin, muyenera kusuta zokhudzana ndi momwe shuga amasinthira tsiku lililonse kwa masiku 3-7. Popeza tadziwa zambiri, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusankha mitundu yayikulu ya insulin.

Zakudya, metformin komanso zolimbitsa thupi ziyenera kubwezeretsa shuga m'magazi abwino, monga momwe anthu athanzi - Ngati zizindikiro zotere sizingatheke, pulula wina mu insulin.

Osagwirizana kuti mukhale ndi shuga 6-7 mmol / l, komanso kwambiri, apamwamba! Manambalawa amawonedwa ngati abwinobwino, koma kwenikweni amakhala okwera. Ndi iwo, zovuta za shuga zimayamba, pang'onopang'ono. Ambiri a anthu odwala matenda ashuga mazana ambiri omwe ali ndi mavuto ndi miyendo, impso ndi maso amadzanong'oneza bondo kuti anali aulesi kwambiri kapena owopa kubaya insulin.

Nthawi zambiri ndikofunikira kupaka jakisoni wokwanira usiku kuti mukhale ndi shuga wabwinso m'mawa wopanda kanthu. Werengani momwe mungawerengere kuchuluka kwa insulin yayitali. Choyamba, pezani ngati mukufuna jakisoni wa mankhwala omwe akhala akuchita kwa nthawi yayitali. Ngati zikufunika, yambani kuzikwaniritsa.

Kuyamba kubayila insulin, musayese kukana zakudya. Ngati onenepa kwambiri, pitilizani kumwa mapiritsi a metformin. Yesani kupeza nthawi ndi mphamvu zolimbitsa thupi.

Pimani shuga musanadye chilichonse, komanso maola atatu mutatha kudya. Ndikofunikira kudziwa mkati mwa masiku ochepa mutatha kudya shuga ya glucose imadzuka ndi 0,6 mmol / l kapena kuposa.

Asanadye izi, muyenera kubaya insulin yochepa kapena yochepa kwambiri. Izi zimathandizira kapamba pamavuto pomwe samachita bwino pawokha. Werengani apa zambiri za kusankha mitundu yoyenera musanadye.

Zofunika! Kukonzekera konse kwa insulin kumakhala kosalimba, kuwonongeka mosavuta. Phunzirani kusunga malamulo ndikuwatsata mosamala.

Shuga wa 9.0 mmol / L ndiwotalika amatha kupezeka, ngakhale zakudya zimatsatiridwa mosamalitsa. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kuyamba kulandira jakisoni, kenako ndikulumikiza metformin ndi mankhwala ena. Komanso odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba komanso anthu owonda omwe apezeka ndi matenda a shuga a 2 amayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a insulin akangomaliza kudya zakudya zama carb ochepa, ndikudutsa mapiritsi.

Palibe malamulo oletsa kuchuluka kwa insulin tsiku lililonse. Itha kuwonjezereka mpaka kuchuluka kwa glucose mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga kufike. M'magazini azambiri, milandu imafotokozedwa pamene odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 alandila EDA patsiku.

Momwe mungachepetse shuga wopanda magazi?

Kafukufuku adawonetsa kuti ndili ndi shuga wambiri wamwazi. Alangizeni momwe angachepetsedwe ndi njira za anthu? Sindikufuna kubaya insulini.

Nthawi zina odwala matenda ashuga amakumana ndi zodabwitsazi pomwe insulin singachepetse shuga. Zifukwa zake ndizosiyana - mlingo wolakwika, kusungidwa kwa mankhwala, bongo wambiri (mphamvu ya Somoji). Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa mwatsatanetsatane chifukwa chomwe mahomoni samathandizira, chifukwa hyperglycemic coma imatha kukhala ndi insulin yotsitsidwa.

Chifukwa chiyani mahomoni samachepetsa shuga?

Mlingo wa insulin wowerengeka molondola si chitsimikizo kuti mankhwalawo adzagwira ntchito.

Zotsatira za mahomoni oyambitsidwa zimatha kutengera zinthu zambiri:

• Kulephera kutsatira zomwe zimachitika pakatipa.
• Kuphatikiza insulin kuchokera kwa opanga osiyanasiyana mu syringe yomweyo.
• Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mankhwala omwe atha.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osungidwa osatsatira malamulo kapena pambuyo pozizira.
• Jakisoni siwosinjirira, koma mwamitsempha.
• Mukamapukuta tsamba la jakisoni ndi mowa. Mphamvu ya mankhwalawa imayendetsedwa mukamacheza ndi mowa.

Limagwirira a Syomogy syndrome

Somoji syndrome imawoneka ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo osaneneka. Zizindikiro zake:

• matupi a ketone amawonekera mkodzo,
• ndi kuwonjezeka kwa tsiku ndi tsiku mlingo wa mankhwalawa, mkhalidwe umakhala bwino,
• glucose amachepetsa ndi fuluwenza chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mahomoni panthawi ya matenda,
• kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa glucose tsiku limodzi,
• wodwala amakhala ndi njala nthawi zonse, thupi limachuluka,
• pafupipafupi hypoglycemia.

Ngati insulini singathandize, wodwalayo amayamba kuchuluka. Musanachite izi, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa mgwirizano womwe ulipo pakati pa kupumula ndi kukhala maso, kulimba kwa katunduyo, ndikuwunika zakudya. Ngati shuga satsika, imangowonjezereka ngakhale pamimba yopanda kanthu, palibe chifukwa chothamangira kuti musinthe mlingo. Mwina izi ndi zomwe zimachitika mthupi, ndipo kuchepa kwa mankhwala omwe amathandizidwawo kumayambitsa matenda a Somoji.

Kuti mupeze bongo wambiri, ndikofunikira kutenga miyeso ya usiku uliwonse pafupipafupi, mwachitsanzo, 3 koloko. Patatha maola awiri pakati pausiku, hypoglycemia imachitika. Kufunika kwa mahomoni kumatsikira pang'ono. Mankhwalawa atagwiritsidwa ntchito pakadutsa maola atatu pakati pausiku, kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa kumawonedwa.

Ngati wodwala ali ndi matenda a Somoji, glucose amakhala wolimba kumayambiriro kwa usiku, pang'onopang'ono amatsika ndi ora lachitatu lausiku, ndipo amakula mwachangu m'mawa.

Zoyambitsa bongo

Chithandizo cha insulin chingabwezeretse kagayidwe kazakudya mu shuga ndikupatsa anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa kuti azikhala popanda zoletsa zazikulu.

Komanso, insulin imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu ndi omanga thupi chifukwa cha anabolic.

Koma kumwa mankhwala molakwika kwambiri kungayambitse vuto lakumoyo.

Insulin imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ndi odwala matenda ashuga, koma zotulukapo zake zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zina. Mwachitsanzo, mphamvu ya insulin ya insulin yapeza ntchito pakulimbitsa thupi.

Mlingo wa insulin amasankhidwa payekha, moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuyeza glucose m'magazi, kudziwa njira zodziletsa pakuthana ndi matendawa.

Kwa munthu wathanzi, mankhwalawa "osavulaza" amachokera ku 2 mpaka 4 IU. Omanga a thupi amabweretsa kuchuluka kwa 20 IU patsiku. Mankhwalawa matenda a shuga, kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa omwe amaperekedwa patsiku kumasiyana magawo 20-50.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa chifukwa chake insulin yamagazi imakwezedwa. Zifukwazi zimakhala zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo:

• njala yayitali
• kulimbitsa thupi kwambiri,
• mimba
• kumwa mankhwala ena
• Pali zakudya zambiri zokhala ndi shuga
• ntchito yovuta ya chiwindi.

Komabe, nthawi zina chimayambitsa vuto la kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi kwa nthawi yayitali ndikupangitsa kuti mantha azitha. Kenako mufunika kupuma kwakanthawi komanso kukhala ndi zakudya zabwino kuti mulingo wa mahomoni ubwerere mwakale.

Komanso anomatic yotere imayambitsidwa ndi neoplasm mu kapamba, wotchedwa insulinoma. Mu khansa, misempha ya insulin imakwezedwa nthawi zonse. Ndipo insulin imakhala ndi zizindikiritso zina zowonjezereka, zowawa kwambiri.

1. Kufooka minofu.
2. Kudzanjenjemera.
3. Zowonongeka.
4. Kusokonekera kwa mawu.
5. Mutu waukulu.
6. Zingwe.
7. Njala komanso thukuta lozizira.

Madzi a insulin ndi amodzi mwa ofunika kwambiri m'thupi la munthu. Popanda iyo, magwiridwe antchito a machitidwe ambiri ndiosatheka. Choyamba, zimathandizira kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a munthu ndipo, ngati pakufunika, musinthe.

Koma nthawi zina ngakhale ndi shuga wabwinobwino, insulin imakulitsidwa kwambiri. Zomwe zimachitika izi, monga zikuwonetseredwa ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga kapena insulini m'magazi, kuposa momwe amawopsezera, ndizotsika.

Mawu okhudzana ndi mankhwala a insulin ndi matanthauzidwe awo

Fotokozani mawu omwe tikufuna kufotokozera mankhwalawa a matenda a shuga ndi insulin.

Maziko - insulin yowonjezera, yomwe imatenga nthawi yayitali mutatha jakisoni (maola 8-24). Uyu ndi Lantus, Levemir kapena Protafan. Amapanga maziko a insulin m'magazi. Jakisoni oyambilira amapangidwira kuti shuga asakhale bwino pamimba yopanda kanthu. Osayenera kuzimitsa shuga wapamwamba kapena kugaya chakudya.

Chimbudzi ndi jakisoni wa insulini yofulumira (yaifupi kapena ya ultrashort) musanadye chakudya kuti mupeze chakudya chomwe chakudya ndikuletsa kuti shuga asatuluke mukatha kudya.Komanso, bolus ndi jakisoni wa insulin yofulumira panthawi yomwe shuga yachuluka ndipo ikufunika kuti ibwezeretsedwe.

Chakudya chogwiritsa ntchito ndi mtundu wa insulin yofulumira yomwe imafunika kuyamwa chakudya. Sizitengera momwe zinthu ziliri pamene wodwala wa shuga adakweza kale shuga asanadye.

Corusction bolus - mlingo wa insulin yofulumira, yomwe imafunikira kuti muchepetse shuga wokwanira kukhala yokhazikika.

Mlingo wa insulin yochepa kapena ya ultrashort musanadye ndiye kuchuluka kwa chakudya ndi kukonza mabulusuli. Ngati shuga musanadye zabwinobwino, ndiye kuti cholowacho ndi zero. Ngati shuga adalumphira mwadzidzidzi, ndiye kuti muyenera kupaka jekeseni wowonjezera, osadikirira chakudya chotsatira. Mutha kubayanso jekeseni kakang'ono ka insulin prophylactically, mwachitsanzo, musanalankhule pagulu lopanikizika, lomwe lidzakweza shuga.

Insulin yofulumira imatha kukhala yaifupi ya anthu (Actrapid NM, Humulin Regular, Insuman Rapid GT, Biosulin R ndi ena), komanso ma analogues apamwamba aposachedwa kwambiri (Humalog, Apidra, NovoRapid). Kodi ndi chiyani ndipo akusiyana bwanji, werengani. Ikawonedwa musanadye, ndibwino kupaka insulin yochepa ya anthu. Mitundu ya insulashash ya insulin ndiyabwino kugwiritsa ntchito mukamafuna kuti shuga ibweretsedwe mwachangu.

Basis-bolus insulin mankhwala - mankhwala a shuga ndi jakisoni wa insulin yowonjezera usiku ndi m'mawa, komanso jekeseni wa insulin yofulumira musanadye. Iyi ndiye njira yovuta kwambiri, koma imapereka chiwongolero cha shuga komanso kupewa zinthu zovuta za shuga. Basis-bolus insulin therapy imaphatikizapo jekeseni 5-6 patsiku. Ndikofunikira kwa odwala onse omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu woyamba 1 shuga. Komabe, ngati wodwala ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 kapena mtundu 1 wa shuga wofatsa (LADA, MODI), ndiye kuti mwina atha kupangira jakisoni ochepa a insulin.

Insulin sensitivity factor - kuchuluka kwa 1 UNIT ya insulini kumatsitsa shuga.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi - magalamu angati a chakudya omwe amapezeka amakwirira gawo limodzi la insulin. Ngati mumvera, ndiye kuti "protein protein" ndiyofunikanso kwa inu, ngakhale lingaliro ili siligwiritsidwa ntchito mwalamulo.

Zokhudza insulin sensitivity factor ndi carbohydrate chiopsezo ndizopadera mwa aliyense wodwala matenda a shuga. Makhalidwe omwe amapezeka muzowongolera sagwirizana ndi enieni. Amapangidwa kuti awerenge kuchuluka kwa insulin, mwachidziwikire sicholondola. Zokhudza insulin sensitivity factor ndi chakudya chopatsa mphamvu zimakhazikitsidwa poyesa zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso zama insulin. Amasiyana mitundu yambiri ya insulini komanso nthawi zosiyanasiyana masana.

Kodi mumafunikira jakisoni wa insulin musanadye

Momwe mungadziwire ngati mukufuna jakisoni wa insulin yachangu musanadye? Izi zitha kukhazikitsidwa pokhapokha podziyang'anitsitsa shuga wa magazi osachepera masiku atatu. Ndikwabwino kusawononga masiku atatu, koma sabata yonse kuti muwone ndikukonzekera. Ngati muli ndi matenda ashuga akulu amtundu woyamba, ndiye kuti muyenera jakisoni wa insulin yowonjezera usiku ndi m'mawa, komanso ma bolashi musanadye nawo. Koma ngati wodwala ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 kapena mtundu 1 wa shuga wofatsa (LADA, MODI), ndiye kuti mwina jakisoni wocheperako amafunikira.

Muziyesa shuga nthawi iliyonse musanadye, komanso maola 2-3 mutatha kudya.

Mwachitsanzo, malinga ndi zotsatira za kuwona, zitha kutheka kuti mumakhala ndi shuga nthawi zonse masana, kupatula nthawi yakudya. Chifukwa chake, mumafunika jakisoni wa insulin yochepa musanadye chakudya chamadzulo. M'malo mwa chakudya cham'mawa, chakudya cham'mawa kapena chamasana chitha kukhala chakudya chovuta. Wodwala aliyense yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ali ndi vuto lakelo. Chifukwa chake, kupereka mitundu yonse ya mankhwala a insulin kwa aliyense ndi udindo wa dokotala mosasamala. Koma ngati wodwalayo ndi waulesi kwambiri kuti athe kuyendetsa shuga ndikulemba zotsatira zake, ndiye kuti palibe chomwe chimatsala.

Inde, sizokayikitsa kuti chiyembekezo chodzabayira insulin nthawi zambiri masana chimakupatsani chisangalalo chachikulu.Koma ngati mutsatira zakudya zamafuta ochepa, zitha kuzindikira kuti mumafunikira jakisoni wa insulin musanadye ena, koma osati pamaso pa ena. Mwachitsanzo, mwa odwala ena omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2, ndikotheka kukhalabe ndi shuga yabwinobwino mwa kubaya insulin yochepa musanadye chakudya cham'mawa komanso chakudya chamadzulo, komanso asanadye chakudya chamadzulo amangofunika kumwa.

Momwe mungawerengere Mlingo wa insulin musanadye

Ngakhale adokotala kapena odwala matenda ashuga sangathe kudziwa kuchuluka kwa insulin musanadye chakudya kuyambira pachiyambire. Kuti muchepetse chiopsezo cha hypoglycemia, timaganizira pang'onopang'ono matendawo poyamba, kenako ndikuwonjezera pang'onopang'ono. Poterepa, nthawi zambiri timayezera shuga wamagazi ndi glucometer. M'masiku ochepa mutha kudziwa mlingo woyenera wa mankhwala. Cholinga ndikupanga shuga kukhala abwinobwino, monga mwa anthu athanzi. Ndi 4.6 ± 0,6 mmol / L musanadye komanso mutatha kudya. Komanso, nthawi iliyonse, iyenera kukhala osachepera 3.5-3.8 mmol / L.

Mlingo wa insulin yachangu musanadye zimatengera chakudya chomwe mumadya komanso kuchuluka. Lembani kuchuluka kwa zakudya komanso zomwe mumadya, ku gramu yapafupi. Izi zimathandiza mamba khitchini. Ngati mutsatira zakudya zamafuta ochepa kuti muchepetse matenda a shuga, ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito insulin yayifupi ya anthu musanadye. Awa ndi Actrapid NM, Humulin Regular, Insuman Rapid GT, Biosulin R ndi ena. Ndikulangizidwanso kukhala ndi Humalog ndikumudula mukafunikira kuthamangitsa shuga. Apidra ndi NovoRapid ndi osachedwa kuposa Humalog. Komabe, insulin yochepa kwambiri siikhala yothandiza kwambiri kuti pakhale zakudya zamafuta ochepa, chifukwa amachitika mofulumira kwambiri.

Kumbukirani kuti kuchuluka kwa insulin musanadye chakudya ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya komanso malo okuwongolera. Chakudya Chakudya - kuchuluka kwa insulin yomwe ingafunike kuphimba chakudya chomwe mukufuna kudya. Ngati munthu wodwala matenda ashuga atadya zakudya zoyenera, ndiye kuti mafuta ochepa okha ndiwo amawaganizira. Ngati mumadya zakudya zamafuta ochepa, ndiye kuti zopatsa mphamvu, komanso mapuloteni, zimawerengedwa. Chowongolera ndi kuchuluka kwa insulini yomwe imafunikira kuti muchepetse shuga la wodwala kukhala yokhazikika ngati itakwezedwa panthawi ya jakisoni.

Momwe mungasankhire mulingo woyenera wa jakisoni wa insulin musanadye:

1. Kuchokera pazomwe mungatchulidwe (onani pansipa), werengani mlingo woyambira wa insulin mwachangu musanadye.
2. Lowetsani insulin, ndiye kudikirani mphindi 20-45, kuyeza shuga musanadye, idyani.
3. Mukatha kudya, pimani shuga ndi glucometer pambuyo 2, 3, 4, ndi 5 maola.
4. Ngati shuga agwera pansi pa 3.5-3.8 mmol / L, idyani mapiritsi ochepa a shuga kuti muchepetse hypoglycemia.
5. Pamasiku otsatira, onjezani kuchuluka kwa insulin musanadye (pang'onopang'ono! Mosamala!) Kapena kutsikira. Zimatengera kuchuluka kwa shuga nditatha kudya.
6. Mpaka shuga atakhala okhazikika, bwerezani zomwe zikuchitika kuyambira pa mfundo yachiwiri. Nthawi yomweyo, musanengeni jakisoni wa "insulin", koma osinthidwa molingana ndi shuga dzulo zitatha kudya. Chifukwa chake, pang'onopang'ono muzindikire mlingo woyenera.

Cholinga ndikupanga shuga isanayambe komanso itadya 4.6 ± 0,6 mmol / L khola. Izi ndizotheka ngakhale ndi matenda oopsa a 1 shuga, ngati mungatsatire ndi jekeseni, muwerengere Mlingo wa insulin. Kuphatikiza apo, izi ndizosavuta kukwaniritsa ndi matenda a shuga a 2 kapena mtundu wofatsa 1 shuga.

Kwa matenda amtundu wa 1 komanso wa 2, njira zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengera muyeso wamankhwala insulin musanadye. Njirazi zikufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane pansipa. Kusintha kwa Mlingo wa insulin kumachitika palokha kwa wodwala aliyense. Sungani mapiritsi a shuga pokhapokha ngati mukufuna kusiya hypoglycemia. Phunzirani pasadakhale. Muyenera kuchita izi.

Kodi malire a insulin yofulumira musanadye?

1. Muyenera kudya katatu katatu patsiku - kadzutsa, chakudya chamadzulo ndi chakudya chamadzulo, komanso nthawi yotalikirana ndi maola 4-5, osatinso. Ngati mukufuna, mutha kulumpha zakudya masiku ena. Nthawi yomweyo, mumasowa kuwombera kwa chakudya.
2. Simungathe kuseka! Chithandizo chamankhwala chimanena zomwe zingatheke komanso zomwe sizingachitike.Mamita anu adzatsimikizira kuti akunena zoona.
3. Yesani kudya kuchuluka kwamapuloteni ndi chakudya chamagulu tsiku lililonse chakudya cham'mawa, nkhomaliro komanso chakudya chamadzulo. Zakudya ndi mbale zimasiyana, koma phindu lawo lazakudya liyenera kukhala lomwelo. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri m'masiku oyambirirawo, pomwe simun "adalowe mu regimen", koma sankhani mitundu yanu.

Tsopano tiyeni tiwone zitsanzo za momwe Mlingo wa mankhwala ochepetsa insulin amawerengedwa musanadye. Kuphatikiza apo mu zitsanzo zonse, zimaganiziridwa kuti wodwala matenda ashuga amadzidula, m'malo mwa ultrashort, insulin asanadye. Mitundu ya insulashash ya insulin ndiyamphamvu kwambiri kuposa insulin yochepa yamunthu. Mlingo wa Humalog uyenera kukhala pafupifupi 0,4 Mlingo wa insulin yocheperako, ndipo Mlingo wa NovoRapid kapena Actrapid uyenera kukhala pafupifupi Mlingo wochepa wa insulin. Ma coefficients 0,4 ndi 0,66 amafunika kutchulidwa payekhapayekha.

Mtundu 1 wa matenda ashuga kapena matenda apamwamba a 2 shuga

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga 1, muyenera kubayira insulin mwachangu musanadye chakudya chilichonse, komanso insulin yokwanira usiku ndi m'mawa. Amakhala jekeseni 5-6 patsiku, nthawi zina ochulukirapo. Ndi matenda apamwamba a shuga a 2, chinthu chomwecho. Chifukwa kwenikweni imalowa mu matenda a shuga a 1 omwe amadalira insulin. Musanawerenge kuchuluka kwa insulin yofulumira musanadye, muyenera kukonza chithandizo ndi insulin yayitali. Zindikirani usiku ndi m'mawa.

Tiyeni tikambirane za mtundu wa shuga wachiwiri womwe umamasulira mtundu wa shuga wovuta kwambiri chifukwa chamankhwala osayenera. Odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 amalandiranso zowawa zambiri kuposa zabwino zomwe amathandizidwa nazo. sanakhale chithandizo chachikulu cha matenda amtundu wa 2, chifukwa ogwira ntchito kuchipatala akukana kusintha. Mu 1970s, adakananso kukhazikitsidwa kwa ma glucometer ... Pakapita nthawi, malingaliro wamba adzakhalapo, koma masiku ano zinthu zomwe zili ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 ndizachisoni.

Odwala amadya chakudya chopatsa thanzi. Amatenganso mapiritsi owopsa omwe amamwa kapamba wawo. Zotsatira zake, maselo a pancreatic beta amafa. Chifukwa chake, thupi limasiya kutulutsa yake insulin. Matenda a shuga a Mtundu Wachiwiri amamasulira mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga. Izi zimawonedwa pambuyo poti matendawa atenga zaka 10-15, ndipo nthawi yonseyi akuchiritsidwa molakwika. Chizindikiro chachikulu ndikuti wodwalayo mwachangu komanso mosadalirika amachepetsa thupi. Mapiritsi nthawi zambiri amachepetsa shuga. Njira yowerengera kuchuluka kwa ma insulin omwe afotokozedwa apa ndi oyenera milandu ngati imeneyi.

Chifukwa chiyani tikuwona odwala ochepa omwe mtundu wa 2 shuga umasandulika kukhala mtundu woyamba wa shuga? Chifukwa ambiri a iwo amafa ndi vuto la mtima / sitiroko ngakhale zikondazo zisanachitike.

Chifukwa chake, wodwala wodwala matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba kapena mtundu wachiwiri wa 2 adasankha kuti asinthane ndi njira yatsopano yodalirika. Amayamba kudya chakudya chamafuta ochepa. Komabe, ali ndi vuto lolimba. Chakudya chopanda jakisoni wa insulin, ngakhale chimachepetsa shuga, sikokwanira. Ndikofunikira kubaya insulini kuti zovuta za matenda ashuga zisamachitike. Phatikizani jakisoni wa insulin yowonjezera usiku ndi m'mawa ndi jakisoni wa insulin yofulumira musanadye.

Mwinanso, mukudziyambitsa nokha mlingo wa insulin, womwe udanenedwa kuchipatala. Muyenera kusinthira ku kuwerengera kosinthika kwa mankhwalawa malinga ndi momwe mumadyera komanso zizindikiro za shuga. Mfundo zotsatirazi momwe mungachitire izi. Onetsetsani kuti ndizosavuta kuposa momwe zimamvekera. Kuwerengera kwamasamu kuli pasukulu yoyamba. Kusuntha kuchokera ku chakudya chopatsa thanzi ndikuyenera kukhala ndi zakudya zochepa zamankhwala ochepa, muyenera nthawi yomweyo kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa insulin ndi nthawi 2-7, apo ayi padzakhala hypoglycemia. Odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu wocheperako wa shuga amakhala ndi mwayi "wolumpha" kuchokera pama jakisoni kwathunthu. Koma odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga akulu amtundu wa 1 kapena matenda apamwamba a 2 sayenera kudalira izi.

Zomwe muyenera kuchita:

1. Sankhani mlingo woyenera wa insulin usiku ndi m'mawa. Werengani zambiri. Pali njira yowerengera.
2. Dziwani kuchuluka kwa magalamu a chakudya komanso mapuloteni omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi 1 UNIT ya insulin yomwe mumabaya musanadye. Timawerengera poyambira malingana ndi kuchuluka kwa manambala (onani pansipa), kenako timalongosola "zoona" mpaka shuga atakhala wokhazikika komanso wabwinobwino.
3. Dziwani kuti shuga yanu ndimachepera motani 1 UNIT ya insulin yothamanga yomwe mumabaya. Izi zimachitika pochita zoyeserazi, zomwe zikufotokozedwa pansipa.
4. Dziwani kuti ndi mphindi zingati musanadye zakudya zomwe mwayilowetsa mwachangu ndi insulin. Standard: insulin yochepa mumphindi 45, Apidra ndi NovoRapid mu mphindi 25, Humalog m'mphindi 15. Koma ndikwabwino kudziwa payekhapayekha, kudzera poyeserera kopepuka, komwe kumafotokozedwanso pansipa.

Chovuta ndikuti muyenera kusankha nthawi imodzi kuchuluka kwa insulin yayitali komanso yachangu. Mavuto akabwera ndi shuga wamagazi, nkovuta kudziwa chomwe chinayambitsa. Mlingo wolakwika wa insulin yowonjezera? Muli ndi vuto lolakwika la insulin musanadye? Kapena kodi Mlingo woyenera wa insulin, koma amadya kwambiri / zochepa poyerekeza?

Zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza shuga:

• Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
• Mlingo Wowonjezera wa Insulin
• Sungani jakisoni wa insulin musanadye

Moyenerera, mumagwiritsa ntchito insulin yochepa musanadye komanso ngakhale owonjezera ultrashort mukafunikira kuthimitsa shuga yayikulu. Ngati ndi choncho, ndiye kuti mtundu uliwonse wa insulin, muyenera kudziwa payokha momwe 1 unit imatsitsira shuga. Zowonadi, ochepa odwala matenda ashuga adzafuna "kusewera" ndi mitundu itatu ya insulin - imodzi yowonjezera ndi iwiri mwachangu. Ngati mukuwonetsetsa kuti Humalog, Apidra kapena NovoRapid sagwira ntchito bwino musanadye, chifukwa chodumpha mu shuga, kenako sinthani insulin ya anthu.

Zambiri zokhudzana ndi kuwerengera poyambira mlingo wake (manambala siwoona!):

• Insulin yochepa - Actrapid NM, Humulin Regular, Insuman Rapid GT, Biosulin R ndi ena.
• Mitundu yonse ya insulin yayifupi ndiyofanana mphamvu ndipo imayamba kuchita zinthu mwachangu.
• Ultrashort insulin - Humalog, NovoRapid, Apidra.
• NovoRapid ndi Apidra ndi amphamvu kwambiri nthawi 1.5 kuposa insulin iliyonse. Mlingo wa NovoRapid ndi Apidra uyenera kukhala ⅔ (0.66) wa mlingo wofanana wa insulin yochepa.
• Humalog ndi yamphamvu kwambiri ma 2,5 kuposa insulin iliyonse yayifupi. Mlingo wa Humalog uyenera kukhala 0,4 Mlingo wofanana wa insulin yochepa.

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa a shuga, omwe kapamba wawo samatulutsa insulini, 1 gramu yamatumbo imawonjezera shuga wa magazi ndi pafupifupi 0.28 mmol / l wokhala ndi kulemera kwa kilogalamu 63,5.

Wodwala wodwala matenda ashuga wolemera makilogalamu 63,5:

• 1 unit ya insulin yochepa imachepetsa shuga la magazi ndi pafupifupi 2.2 mmol / L.
• 1 unit ya insulin Apidra kapena NovoRapid idzachepetsa magazi ndi pafupifupi 3.3 mmol / L.
• 1 unit ya insulin Humalog imachepetsa shuga la magazi ndi pafupifupi 5.5 mmol / L.

Momwe mungadziwire momwe 1 U ya insulin yochepa imachepetsera shuga mwa munthu yemwe ali ndi kulemera kwina kwa thupi? Ndikofunikira kupanga gawo ndikuwerengera.

Mwachitsanzo, kwa wodwala yemwe ali ndi shuga yayikulu wokhala ndi thupi lolemera 70 makilogalamu, 2.01 mmol / L adzapezedwa. Kwa wachinyamata wolemera makilogalamu 48, zotulukapo zake zimakhala 2.2 mmol / L * 64 kg / 48 kg = 2.93 mmol / L. Munthu akamalemera kwambiri, mphamvu ya insulin imachepa. Yang'anani! Izi si ziwerengero zenizeni, koma zikuwonetsa, pokhapokha pakuwerengera Mlingo wa insulin. Dziyeretseni nokha mwa kuyesa. Amasiyana ngakhale pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana za tsiku. Asanadye chakudya cham'mawa, insulin ndi yofooka kwambiri, motero mlingo wake umayenera kuchuluka.

Tikudziwanso pafupifupi:

• 1 unit yaifupi insulin imakhudza pafupifupi 8 magalamu a chakudya.
• 1 unit ya insulin Apidra ndi NovoRapid imakhudza pafupifupi 12 magalamu a chakudya.
• 1 UNIT ya insulin Humalog imakwirira 20 magalamu a chakudya.
• 1 unit ya insulin yochepa imakhala pafupifupi magalamu 57 a mapuloteni amadyedwa kapena pafupifupi 260 magalamu a nyama, nsomba, nkhuku, tchizi, mazira.
• 1 UNIT ya insulin Apidra ndi NovoRapid imakhudza pafupifupi 87 magalamu a mapuloteni amadyedwa kapena pafupifupi 390 magalamu a nyama, nsomba, nkhuku, tchizi, mazira.
• 1 UNIT ya insulin Humalog imakwirira pafupifupi 143 magalamu a mapuloteni amadyedwa kapena pafupifupi magalamu 640 a nyama, nsomba, nkhuku, tchizi, mazira.

Zidziwitso zonse pamwambapa ndizodziwonetsa. Amangopangidwira kuwerengera poyambira, mwachidziwikire sicholondola. Fotokozerani chithunzi chilichonse mwa kuyeserera. Ziwerengero zenizeni za wodwala aliyense wa shuga ndi zosiyana. Sinthani mlingo wa insulin payokha, kuyesa ndi cholakwika.

Makhalidwe omwe tawonetsedwa pamwambapa amatanthauza odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu woyamba 1 omwe kapamba samatulutsa insulin konse komanso omwe alibe vuto la insulin. Ngati ndinu wonenepa kwambiri, ndinu wachinyamata mu nthawi ya kukula msanga kapena mayi woyembekezera, ndiye kuti kufunika kwa insulini kumakulirakulira. Komabe, ngati maselo a beta a kapamba anu amapangitsanso insulini, ndiye kuti mulingo woyenera wa insulini mu jakisoni ungakhale wotsika kwambiri.

Kuwerengeredwa kwa insulin Mlingo wa matenda a shuga 1: mwachitsanzo

Tiona mwachidule nkhani yakukonzekera menyu komanso kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa insulini. Tiyerekeze kuti wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga oopsa amalemera 64 kg musanadye Actrapid NM - insulin yochepa yaumunthu. Wodwalayo azidya zakudya zotsatsa komanso zomanga thupi tsiku lililonse:

• Chakudya cham'mawa - 6 magalamu a chakudya ndi magalamu 86 a protein,
• Chakudya chamasana - magalamu 12 a chakudya ndi magalamu a 128 a protein,
• Chakudya chamadzulo - 12 magalamu a chakudya ndi 171 magalamu a mapuloteni.

Sitimaganizira zamafuta akudya, chifukwa sizimakhudza shuga. Idyani mafuta omwe amapezeka muzakudya zamapuloteni modekha. Kumbukirani kuti nyama, nsomba, nkhuku, mazira ndi tchizi zolimba zimakhala ndi 20-25% ya mapuloteni oyera. Kuti mupeze kulemera kwa zinthu zamapuloteni zomwe ngwazi yathu imadya, muyenera kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni ndi 4 kapena 5, avareji ya 4.5. Muyenera kuti mukhale ndi njala pazakudya za carb zotsika :).

Mukamawerengera kuchuluka kwa insulini yofulumira musanadye, tikufuna kuteteza odwala matenda ashuga ku hypoglycemia. Chifukwa chake, tsopano tikunyalanyaza zovuta zam'mawa, komanso kukana kwa insulini (kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa maselo kupita ku insulin), zomwe zingatheke ngati wodwala watupa kwambiri. Izi ndi zinthu ziwiri zomwe zingatipangitse kuti tiwonjezere Mlingo wa insulin musanadye. Koma poyambilira sitimawaganizira.

Kuti mupeze poyambira chakudya, timagwiritsa ntchito zomwe zalembedwa pamwambapa. 1 unit ya insulin yochepa pafupifupi yokwanira magalamu 8 a chakudya. Komanso, gawo limodzi la insulin yochepa limakhala pafupifupi magalamu 57 a mapuloteni azakudya.

Chakudya Chakudya Cham'mawa:

• 6 magalamu a chakudya / 8 magalamu a chakudya = ¾ UNITS ya insulin,
• 86 magalamu a mapuloteni / magalamu 57 a mapuloteni = 1.5 ZINSINSI za insulin.

TOTAL ¾ PIECES + 1.5 PIECES = 2.25 PIECES of insulin.

Chakudya chamasana:

• 128 magalamu a protein / 57 magalamu a protein = 2.25 magawo a insulin.

ZONSE ZONSE 1.5 PIECES + 2.25 PIECES = 3.75 PIECES of insulin.

Chakudya chakudya chamadzulo:

• 12 magalamu a chakudya / 8 magalamu a chakudya = 1.5 ZINSINSI za insulin,
• 171 magalamu a protein / 57 magalamu a mapuloteni = 3 magawo a insulin.

ZONSE ZONSE 1.5 ZIWANDA + 3 ZOCHITIKA = 4.5 ZINSINSI za insulin.

Zoyenera kuchita ngati wodwalayo ati adzapange jekeseni posachedwa, koma insulin yochepa-yayifupi, NovoRapid kapena Humalog asanadye? Tikukumbukira kuti kuchuluka kwa Apidra ndi NovoRapida ndiye gawo la insulin yayifupi, yomwe tidawerengera. Humalog ndiye wamphamvu kwambiri. Mlingo wake uyenera kukhala Mlingo wochepa wa insulin.

Ngati ndi kotheka, sinthani poyambira chakudya kuchokera pa insulin yayifupi kupita kwa yochepa kwambiri:

Chonde dziwani: wodwala ali ndi chidwi champhamvu (munthu wathu! :)). Chakudya chamasana, amadya mapuloteni a 128 - pafupifupi magalamu 550 a mapuloteni. Monga lamulo, odwala matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba amadya zochepa. Tinene kuti chakudya chamasana mukukonzekera kudya magalamu 200 a mapuloteni omwe ali ndi magalamu 45 a mapuloteni abwino. Komanso saladi wa masamba obiriwira, momwe 12 g mafuta. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kupaka jakisoni wa 2.25 IU wa insulin yifupi, 1.5 IU ya Apidra kapena NovoRapida kapena 1 IU ya Humalog musanadye. Chakudya cham'mawa komanso chamadzulo, Mlingo umakhala wotsika kwambiri. Kutsiliza: onetsetsani kuti mwaphunzira.

Zowonadi zowonjezera za insulin pazakudya zina zimakhala zochepa kwambiri, ndipo zina - zokulirapo. Kuti mudziwe momwe insulini imagwirira ntchito, muyenera kuyeza shuga wa magazi 4 ndi maola 5 mutatha kudya.Ngati mungayezedwe kale, zotsatira zake sizikhala zolondola, chifukwa insulin ikupitirirabe, ndipo chakudyacho chikugayidwabe.

Tidapanda dala poyambira kudya mabelo a insulin. Chifukwa chake, ndizokayikitsa kuti shuga yanu mukatha kudya ingagwere pamlingo wa hypoglycemia. Komabe, izi siziphatikizidwa. Makamaka ngati mwakula, i.e., kuchedwa kutulutsa m'mimba mutatha kudya chifukwa cha neuropathy. Kumbali inayo, ngati mukunenepa kwambiri ndipo chifukwa cha izi, ndiye kuti Mlingo wa insulin yofulumira musanadye chakudya amafunikira zambiri.

Chifukwa chake, tsiku loyamba la jakisoni waifupi kapena wa insulin, timayesa shuga tisanadye, kenanso pambuyo pa chakudya cha 2, 3, 4, ndi 5 titatha kudya. Tili ndi chidwi ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga yomwe idakula mutatha kudya. Kuchulukaku kungakhale kwabwino kapena kosalimbikitsa. Ngati zili ndi vuto, ndiye kuti nthawi ina mukamadzachepetsa mulingo wa insulin musanadye.

Ngati shuga ndi maola 2-3 mutatha kudya pokhapokha musanadye, musasinthe mlingo wa insulin. Chifukwa munthawi imeneyi, thupi silinakwanitse kugaya komanso kuyamwa zakudya zamafuta ochepa. Zotsatira zomaliza ndi maola 4-5 mutatha kudya. Fotokozani. Chepetsani mankhwalawa pokhapokha, mutatha kudya pambuyo pa maola atatu ndi atatu, shuga "amawuma" pansi pa 3.5-3.8 mmol / L

Tiyerekeze kuti wodwala wathu ali ndi zotsatirazi:

• Maola 4-5 mutadya kadzutsa - shuga adakula ndi 3.9 mmol / l,
• Maola 4-5 mutadya nkhomaliro - idatsika ndi 1.1 mmol / l,
• Maola 4-5 mutatha kudya - kuchuluka ndi 1.4 mmol / L.

Mlingo wa insulin musanadye chakudya, amamuona kuti ndi wolondola, pambuyo pa maola 5 chakudya chatha, shuga atapatuka pazakudya asanadutse 0,6 mmol / l mbali iliyonse. Zachidziwikire, tinaphonya mitundu yoyambira, koma izi zinali zoyembekezeredwa. Zotsatira zimawonetsedwa bwino, zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu ya jakisoni wa insulin yachangu musanadye kadzutsa, poyerekeza ndi jakisoni musanadye chakudya chamadzulo ndi chakudya chamadzulo.

Kodi muyenera kusintha zochuluka motani pa insulin? Kuti tidziwe, tiyeni tiwerenge ma bolawo okonza. Wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda oopsa a shuga, omwe kapamba wake samatulutsa insulin konse, gawo limodzi la insulin yochepa limatsitsa shuga ndi pafupifupi 2.2 mmol / l, ngati munthu akulemera 64 kg.

Mokulirapo thupi, amachepetsa mphamvu ya insulini. Kuchepetsa thupi, mphamvu 1 ya insulin imatsitsa shuga.

Kuti mupeze phindu la kulemera kwanu, muyenera kupanga gawo. Mwachitsanzo, kwa munthu wolemera makilogalamu 80, mumapeza 2.2 mmol / L * 64 kg / 80 kg = 1.76 mmol / L. Kwa mwana wolemera 32 kg, 2.2 mmol / L * 64 kg / 32 kg = 4.4 mmol / L amapezeka.

Wodwala matenda ashuga kwambiri omwe amatchulidwa mu nkhani iyi amakhala ndi 64 kg. Poyambira, timaganiza kuti 1 unit ya insulin yochepa imachepetsa shuga ya magazi ake ndi pafupifupi 2.2 mmol / L. Monga tikudziwa, mutatha kadzutsa komanso chakudya chamadzulo, shuga ake adalumphira, ndipo pambuyo pa chakudya chamadzulo chinatsika. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa insulin musanadye chakudya cham'mawa komanso chakudya chamadzulo, komanso kutsikira pang'ono musanadye chakudya chamadzulo. Kuti tichite izi, timagawa kusintha kwa shuga ndi 2.2 mmol / L ndikuzungulira zotsatira zake kukhala 0,25 IU ya insulin mmwamba kapena pansi

Tsopano tikusintha mtundu wa insulin yochepa musanadye chakudya potengera zotsatira za tsiku loyamba la zoyesazo. Nthawi yomweyo, timayesetsa kusunga kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni ndi zakudya zamafuta omwe amadya chakudya cham'mawa, nkhomaliro komanso chakudya chamadzulo chimodzimodzi.

Tsiku lotsatira, bwerezani zomwezo, kenako ina, monga pakufunika. Tsiku lililonse, kupatuka m'magazi a anthu mukatha kudya kumakhala kocheperako. Mapeto ake, mupeza mlingo woyenera wa insulin yochepa musanadye.

Monga mukuwonera, kuwerengera sikovuta. Mothandizidwa ndi chowerengera, munthu aliyense wamkulu amatha kuzisamalira. Chovuta ndichakuti kuchuluka kwa zakudya zopezeka m'mawa, chakudya chamadzulo ndi chakudya chamadzulo kumayenera kukhala chimodzimodzi tsiku lililonse. Zakudya ndi mbale zimatha kusinthidwa, koma kuchuluka kwa chakudya komanso mapuloteni ayenera kukhala chimodzimodzi tsiku lililonse.Milozo ya kukhitchini imathandizira kutsatira lamuloli.

Ngati mutatha kudya nthawi zonse mumangokhala kuti simunakhuta, mutha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni. Mapuloteni ena omwewo akuyenera kudyedwa m'masiku otsatirawa. Poterepa, simungathe kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa chakudya chambiri! Musadye zopitilira 6 za chakudya cham'mawa, magalamu 12 a nkhomaliro komanso chakudya chofanana. Mutha kudya zakudya zamafuta ochepa, bola ngati mungadye zochulukirapo. Pambuyo pakusintha kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni munthawi yachakudya china, muyenera kuyang'ana momwe shuga amasinthira mukatha kudya ndikusankhanso insulin yabwino kwambiri.

Chitsanzo china cha moyo

Wodwala matenda a shuga 1, zaka 26, kutalika 168 cm, kulemera kwa 64 kg. Zimayenderana, zimapatsa biosulin R. asanadye.
Nthawi ya 7 a.m. shuga yotsika inali 11.0 mmol / L. Chakudya cham'mawa: nyemba zobiriwira 112 magalamu, dzira 1 pc. Zakudya zomanga thupi ndi magalamu 4.9 okha. Asanadye chakudya cham'mawa, adalowetsa insulin Biosulin R pa mlingo wa 6. Pambuyo pake, pa maola 9 mphindi 35 shuga anali 5.6 mmol / L, ndipo pofika maola 12 adakwera 10,5 mmol / L. Ndinafunika kubayitsa mayunitsi ena 5 a insulin yomweyo. Funso - mudalakwitsa chiyani?

Biosulin P ndi insulin yochepa ya anthu. Ngati mutsatira zakudya zamafuta ochepa pobayira jakisoni musanadye, ndibwino kuposa mitundu yayifupi ya insulin.

Wodwala amakhala ndi shuga ya 11.0. Akukonzekera kuluma nyemba 112 za nyemba ndi 1 pc ya mazira akudya cham'mawa. Tikuwona magome a zakudya zopatsa thanzi. 100 magalamu a nyemba zobiriwira zimakhala ndi magalamu 2.0 a protein ndi 3.6 magalamu a chakudya. M'magalamu a 112, izi zimapereka magawo a 2.24 a mapuloteni ndi 4 magalamu a chakudya. Dzira la nkhuku limakhala ndi pafupifupi magalamu 12,7 a mapuloteni ndi magalamu 0,7 a chakudya. Pamodzi, chakudya chathu cham'mawa chimakhala ndi mapuloteni 2.24 + 12.7 = 15 magalamu ndi chakudya 4 + 0.7 = 5 magalamu.

Podziwa phindu la chakudya cham'mawa, timawerengera poyambira kuchuluka kwa insulini yochepa musanadye. Uwu ndi chiwerengero: kukonza mabasi + chakudya. Timalingalira kuti ndi thupi lolemera makilogalamu 64, 1 U ya insulin yochepa imachepetsa shuga la magazi ndi pafupifupi 2.2 mmol / L. Shuga wamba ndi 5.2 mmol / L. Corusction bolus imapezeka (11.0 - 5.2) / 2.2 = 2.6 mayunitsi. Gawo lotsatira ndikulingalira chakudya. Kuchokera pagululi timaphunzira kuti gawo limodzi la insulin yochepa limakhudza pafupifupi 8 magalamu a chakudya kapena pafupifupi magalamu 57 a mapuloteni azakudya. Puloteni, timafunikira (15 g / 57 g) = 0,26 PIECES. Kwa chakudya chamafuta, mufunika (5 g / 8 g) = 0,625 PIERES.

Mlingo wa insulin wokwanira: 2.6 IU yokonza bolus + 0,26 IU pa mapuloteni + 0,625 IU wa chakudya chamafuta = 3,5 IU.

Ndipo wodwalayo adabayira ziwalo 6 tsiku lomwelo. Chifukwa chiyani shuga adakwera ngakhale insulin yambiri idalowetsedwa kuposa momwe ikufunikira? Chifukwa wodwala ndi mwana. Mlingo wowonjezera wa insulin unamupangitsa kuti amasulidwe kwambiri mahomoni opsinjika, makamaka, adrenaline. Zotsatira zake, shuga amalumpha. Ndikukonzekera kuti ngati mutabaya insulini yocheperako, ndiye kuti shugayo sawonjezereka, koma m'malo mwake amachepetsa. Umu ndi momwe amadabwitsa.

Mulingo wochepa kapena wosalondola wa insulin yofotokozedwa pamwambapa ndi ziwalo za 3.5. Tingoyerekeza kuti mutha kubayitsa mayunitsi atatu kapena anayi, kusiyana kwake sikudzakhala kwakukulu kwambiri. Koma tikufuna kuthetsa shuga. Ngati mungathe kuchita izi, ndiye kuti simusowa kuti mugwire pakubwezeretsa kwakukulu. Ndipo chakudya chonse ndi pafupifupi 1 UNIT ± 0,25 UNITS.

Tinene kuti padzakhala kukonza kwa 1 PIECE ± 0,25 PIECES ndi chakudya cha yemweyo 1 PIECES ± 0.25 PIECES. Magawo awiri a 2 units 0,5. Pakati Mlingo wa insulin 3 ndi 4, kusiyana sikokulira. Koma pakati pa Mlingo wa 1.5 PIERES ndi 2 PIERES, kusiyana kwa msambo wa chikopa cha magazi kumakhala kofunika. Kutsiliza: muyenera kuphunzira. Palibe njira popanda icho.

Mwachidule. Mu mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga 1 ndi matenda apamwamba a 2, taphunzira momwe tingawerengere chakudya komanso kukonza pobayira jakisoni wa insulin musanadye. Mwaphunzira kuti choyamba muyenera kuwerengera muyeso wa insulini malinga ndi ma coefficients, kenako ndikusintha malinga ndi zomwe zikuwonetsa shuga mutatha kudya. Ngati shuga, pambuyo pa maola 4-5 atatha kudya, wakula kuposa 0,6 mmol / L, mlingo wa insulin musanadye umafunika kuchuluka. Ngati itachepa mwadzidzidzi - Mlingo wa insulin umafunikiranso kutsitsidwa. Mchere ukakhala wabwinobwino, umasinthanso osapitirira ± 0,6 mmol / l asanadye komanso chakudya - Mlingo wa insulin unasankhidwa molondola.

Type 2 shuga kapena mtundu wofatsa 1 shuga LADA

Tiyerekeze kuti muli ndi matenda amtundu wa 2, osati vuto lotsogola kwambiri. Mumatsata zakudya zama carbohydrate otsika, kutenga, kutenga jakisoni wa insulin yowonjezera usiku ndi m'mawa. Mlingo wa insulin Lantus, Levemir kapena Protafan amasankhidwa kale molondola. Chifukwa cha izi, shuga m'magazi anu amakhalanso abwinobwino ngati mutadumphira chakudya. Koma mukatha kudya, amadumpha, ngakhale mutamwa mapiritsi ambiri ovomerezeka. Izi zikutanthauza kuti jakisoni waifupi wa insulin amafunikira chakudya musanadye. Ngati ndinu aulesi kwambiri kuzichita, ndiye kuti zovuta za matenda ashuga zimayamba.

Kwa matenda a shuga a 2 kapena mtundu wofatsa 1 shuga, LADA, muyenera choyamba kubayitsa Lantus kapena Levemir usiku ndi m'mawa. Werengani zambiri. Mwina jakisoni wautali wa insulin ungakhale wokwanira kukhala ndi shuga. Ndipo pokhapokha shuga atatha kudya, onjezerani insulin mwachangu musanadye.

Pancreas ikupitiliza kupanga insulini ina, ndipo izi ndi zomwe mkhalidwe wanu umasiyana ndi odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu woyamba 1 shuga. Sitikudziwa kuti muli ndi insulini ingati kuti muchepetse shuga yayikulu mutatha kudya, koma muyenera kuwonjezera zochuluka motani ndi jakisoni. Komanso, sitikudziwa bwino momwe insulin imasamalirira maselo (kukana insulini) chifukwa cha kunenepa kwambiri kumakulitsa kufunikira kwa insulin. Zikakhala zotere, sizophweka kungoganiza ndi kumwa kwa insulin yochepa musanadye. Momwe mungawerengere molondola kuti pasapezeke hypoglycemia? Lotsatirali ndi yankho lafunso ili.

Musanalowe jakisoni, muyenera kubayira insulin kokha kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 omwe ali aulesi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi

Ndikumveka kuti mukukhazikika mosungika. Muyeneranso kudya zakudya zofanana zamankhwala ndi mapuloteni tsiku lililonse chakudya cham'mawa, chakudya chamadzulo komanso chamadzulo. Muzisunga shuga musanadye komanso pambuyo masiku atatu, kenako werengani kuti mupeze Mlingo wa insulin musanadye.

Sonkhanani zambiri za kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mukatha kudya kadzutsa, nkhomaliro, ndi chakudya chamadzulo, ngati simupaka insulin musanadye, koma ingomwa mapiritsi anu a shuga.

Ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 shuga, LADA palibe mapiritsi othandizira, kuphatikiza ndi Siofor. Osawatenga!

Ndikofunikira kuyeza shuga musanadye, kenako pambuyo pa chakudya 2, 3, 4 ndi 5 mukatha kudya. Chitani izi kwa masiku 3-7 motsatana. Lembani zomwe mwapeza, sungani zolemba. Masiku ano muyenera kudya katatu patsiku, osadya. Zakudya zamafuta ochepa zimakhala ndi maola 4-5. Mudzakhala odzaza nthawi zonse osaneneka.

Nthawi yowonera ikukonzekera ndi masiku 3-7. Tsiku lililonse mumakhala ndi chidwi ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa shuga mutatha kadzutsa, nkhomaliro komanso chakudya chamadzulo. Mwambiri, zidzakhala maola atatu mutatha kudya. Koma wodwala aliyense yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ndi osiyana. Izi zitha pambuyo maola 2, komanso maola 4 kapena 5. Muyenera kuyeza shuga ndikuwona momwe amakhalira.

Tsiku lililonse, lembani kuchuluka kwa shuga ochulukirapo mutatha kadzutsa, nkhomaliro, ndi chakudya chamadzulo. Mwachitsanzo, Lachitatu asanadye, shuga anali 6.2 mmol / L. Atatha kudya, adakhala:

Mtengo wokwanira ndi 7.8 mmol / L. Kukula kwake ndi 1.6 mmol / L. Timafunikira, zilembeni. Chitani chimodzimodzi pa kadzutsa ndi chakudya chamadzulo. Tsiku lililonse mumayenera kuyeza shuga ndi glucometer nthawi 15. Izi sizingapeweke. Koma tikuyembekeza kuti musanadye zakudya zina, simudzafunika jakisoni wa insulin yofulumira. Malinga ndi zotsatira za nthawi yowonera, mudzakhala ndi tebulo ili:

Pakati pazabwino zonse zatsiku ndi tsiku, yang'anani zinthu zochepa. Amawerengera kuchuluka kwa insulin musanadye chilichonse. Timatenga manambala ocheperako kuti mulingo woyambira ukhale wotsika motero timalimbana ndi hypoglycemia.

Wodwala matenda a shuga a Type 2, omwe zotsatira zake zikuwonetsedwa patebulo, amafunika jakisoni wa insulin yokhayo musanadye chakudya cham'mawa komanso chakudya chamadzulo, koma osati chakudya chamadzulo. Chifukwa chakudya chamadzulo shuga ake samakula.Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha chakudya chamafuta ochepa, kudya pang'ono komanso kuchita zolimbitsa thupi mkati mwa tsiku. Ndikukumbutseni kuti ngati muphunzira, zimapatsa mwayi kukana jakisoni wa insulin musanadye.

Tiyerekeze, malinga ndi zotsatira zakuwonera shuga mkati mwa sabata, zidakwaniritsidwa:

• Kupeza kochepa shuga mukatha kudya kadzutsa: 5.9 mmol / l,
• Kupeza shuga kochepa mutatha kudya: 0,95 mmol / L,
• Kupeza shuga kochepa mutatha kudya: 4.7 mmol / L.

Poyamba, timaganiza mosamala kuti 1 U ya insulin yochepa imatsitsa shuga m'magazi a 2 odwala omwe amadwala kwambiri kuposa 5.0 mmol / L. Izi ndizochulukirapo, koma timayang'ana mwapadera mlingo woyambira wa insulin kuti muteteze wodwala ku hypoglycemia. Kuti mupeze mlingo woyambira wa insulin musanadye, gawani kuchuluka kochepa kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi chiwerengerochi. Timalizitsa zotsatila kufika pa 0.25 PIECES mmwamba kapena pansi.

Tikugogomezera kuti tikulankhula za insulin yaifupi yaumunthu - Actrapid NM, Humulin Regular, Insuman Rapid GT, Biosulin R ndi ena. Ngati wodwala wodwala matenda a shuga akuphika Apidra kapena NovoRapid musanadye, ndiye kuti mlingo wowerengeka uyenera kuchulukitsidwa ndi 0.66, ndipo ngati Humalog - ichuluke ndi 0,4.

Timayamba kubayidwa poyambira Mlingo waifupi wa insulin 40-45 mphindi musanadye, ultrashort - mphindi 15-25. Kuti mupange jakisoni molondola wa 0.25 ED, muyenera kuphunzira. Pamabwalo ochezera achilankhulo cha Russia komanso akunja, odwala matenda ashuga amatsimikizira kuti insulin yochepa komanso yochepa kwambiri imakhala bwino. Timapitilizabe kuyeza shuga 2, 3, 4, ndi maola 5 mutatha kudya kuti tidziwe momwe insulin mankhwala imagwirira ntchito.

Ngati mwadya kamodzi pambuyo pa maola 4-5 (osati pambuyo pa maola awiri!) Shuga amakweza kuposa 0,6 mmol / l - mlingo wa insulin asanadye tsiku lotsatira angayesedwe kuti uwonjezeke. Mayunitsi 0,25, mayunitsi 0,5 kapena ngakhale 1 unit. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 omwe ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri (opitilira 40 makilogalamu owonjezera) angafunikire kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa insulin musanadye mu zowonjezera za 2 mayunitsi. Koma kwa wina aliyense, izi ndizodzaza ndi hypoglycemia yayikulu. Ngati mwadzidzidzi shuga yanu itatha kudya yoposa 0,6 mmol / L yotsika kuposa momwe idalili chakudya, zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kutsitsa insulini musanadye.

Njira yomwe ili pamwambapa yosinthira Mlingo wa insulin musanadye iyenera kubwerezedwa mpaka shuga m'masiku 4-5 mutatha kudya mosakhalitsa amakhalanso chimodzimodzi monga chakudya chisanachitike. Tsiku lililonse mudzatchulanso kuchuluka kwa insulin. Chifukwa cha izi, shuga mutatha kudya lidzakhala pafupi kwambiri. Sichisinthasintha kuposa 0,6 mmol / l m'mwamba kapena pansi. Ndikupangira kuti mutsatire kuwongolera matenda ashuga.

Yesani kudya kuchuluka kwamapuloteni ndi chakudya chamagulu tsiku lililonse chakudya cham'mawa, nkhomaliro komanso chakudya chamadzulo. Ngati pachakudya chilichonse mukufuna kusintha kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni omwe mumadya, ndiye kuti njira yowerengera ndikusintha kuchuluka kwa insulin chakudya ichi chisanachitike. Kumbukirani kuti kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta sikungasinthidwe, kuyenera kukhala kochepa, chifukwa zakudya zimatchedwa kuti-carbohydrate otsika.

Momwe mungadziwire kuchuluka kwa mphindi musanadye jakisoni wa insulin

Momwe mungadziwire ndendende kuti musanadye mphindi zochepa bwanji musanadye jakisoni wambiri? Izi zitha kuchitika poyeserera, yomwe ikufotokozedwa pansipa. Kuyesako kumapereka zotsatira zodalirika pokhapokha ngati wodwala matenda ashuga ayamba kuchita ngati ali ndi shuga pafupi ndi zabwinobwino. Izi zikutanthauza kuti shuga ya magazi idakhalabe pansi pa 7.6 mmol / L kwa maola osachepera atatu.

Ikani insulini yofulumira (yaifupi) mphindi 45 musanakonzekere kukhala pansi kuti mudye. Muyeza shuga ndi glucometer 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 mphindi pambuyo pa jekeseni. Atangogwa ndi 0,3 mmol / l - ndi nthawi yoti ayambe kudya.Ngati izi zinachitika pambuyo pa mphindi 25 - ndiye kuti simungathe kuziyeza, koma yambani kudya mwachangu, kuti pasakhale hypoglycemia. Ngati pambuyo pa mphindi 45 shuga wanu amakhalabe yemweyo - sinkhaninso chakudya. Pitilizani kuyeza shuga wanu mphindi zisanu zilizonse mpaka muone kuti layamba kugwa.

Ngati mutha jakisoni wa Ultrahumid insulin Humalog, NovoRapid kapena Apidra musanadye, ndiye kuti muyenera kuyamba kuyeza shuga pambuyo pa mphindi 10, osati pambuyo pa mphindi 25.

Iyi ndi njira yosavuta komanso yolondola yodziwira kuti mwatsala mphindi zochepa bwanji musanadye jakisoni. Kuyesaku kuyenera kubwerezedwanso ngati mlingo wanu wa insulin yachangu musanadye ndi 50% kapena kuposa. Chifukwa chokulirapo kwa insulin, imayamba kuchitapo kanthu. Apanso, zotsatira zake sizingakhale zosadalirika ngati shuga yanu yoyambira idakhala yoposa 7.6 mmol / L. Ikani kuyesereraku mpaka mutayandikira shuga yanu mwachizolowezi. Izi zisanachitike, ingoganizirani kuti muyenera kubaya insulin yayifupi mphindi 45 musanadye.

Tingoyerekeza kuti kuyesa kukuwonetsa kuti muyenera kubaya insulin mphindi 40 musanadye. Chimachitika ndi chiani ngati mutayamba kudya posachedwa? Mukayamba kudya mphindi 5 m'mbuyomu kapena pambuyo pake, sipadzakhala kusiyana kwakukulu. Mukayamba kudya mphindi 10 m'mbuyomu kuposa momwe mungafunikire, ndiye kuti panthawi ya chakudyacho shuga wanu adzauka, koma pambuyo pake, ambiri amatsika. Izi sizowopanso ngati mumalakwitsa kawirikawiri. Koma ngati shuga amadzuka pafupipafupi nthawi ya chakudya komanso pambuyo pake, ndiye kuti pamakhala mwayi woti mudziwe zovuta za matenda ashuga.

Ngati mutayamba kudya mphindi 15 kapena 20 m'mbuyomu kuposa momwe zingafunikire, ndiye kuti shuga ya magazi imatha kukwera kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, mpaka 10,0 mmol / L. Mothandizidwa ndi izi, thupi lanu limakana kugonjera insulin yomwe mwachangu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mankhwalawa sakhala okwanira kutsika shuga. Popanda owonjezera a insulin, shuga amakhalanso okwera kwa nthawi yayitali. Izi ndi zowopsa pokhudzana ndi kukula kwa zovuta za matenda ashuga.

Kodi chidzachitike ndi chiani ngati mutayamba jakisoni wa insulin mwachangu mutayamba kudya mphindi 10-15 pambuyo pofunikira? Panthawi imeneyi, mumapempha zovuta. Kupatula apo, sitimadya zakudya zamafuta othamanga. Thupi limafunikira choyamba kupukusa mapuloteni, kenako ndikusintha ena kuti akhale glucose. Uku ndikuyenda pang'ono. Ngakhale kuchedwa kwakanthawi kwa mphindi 10 kungayambitse kutsika kwa shuga kwambiri, ndipo kutsitsimuka kwa chakudya chamafuta ochepa sikungathandize kuti zibwerere mwakale. Kuopsa kwa hypoglycemia ndikofunikira.

Nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsa kuti pakhale insulin yayifupi ya munthu asanadye, komanso ndi ultrashort - mphindi 15-25. Komabe, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti musakhale aulesi, koma kuti mupeze nthawi yoyenera ya jakisoni. Tafotokoza pamwambapa momwe mungachitire izi komanso zomwe mungapeze. Makamaka ngati mutsatira zakudya zamafuta ochepa. Tikubwereza axiom: musasunge mapepala oyesera mita kuti musapite kukaphwanya chithandizo cha matenda ashuga.

Kodi ndikufunika kudya nthawi zonse nthawi imodzi?

Asanayambitse mitundu ya insulin yochepa komanso ya ultrashort, odwala matenda ashuga amayenera kudya nthawi yomweyo. Zinali zovuta kwambiri, ndipo zotsatirapo zake zinali zoipa. Tsopano timalipira kukwera kwa shuga mutatha kudya ndi insulin yochepa kapena yochepa kwambiri. Izi zimapangitsa kuti muzitha kudya mukafuna. Ndikofunikira kupanga jakisoni wa insulin panthawi musanakhale pansi kuti mudye.

Ngati mukubaya insulin musanadye, ndiye kuti musadye mopitilira kamodzi pa maola 4-5.

Zoyenera kuchita ngati mwaiwala kubaya insulin musanadye

Zitha kuchitika kuti muyiwala kupereka chiwombankhanga cha insulin yochepa ndikuganiza za izi ndikangomaliza kudya kapena mwayamba kale kudya. Pankhani yadzidzidzi yotere, ndikofunikira kuti mukhale ndi insulini yochepa kwambiri, komanso Humalog, yomwe ndiyo yachangu kwambiri.Ngati mwayamba kale kudya kapena chakudya chisanayambitse mphindi 15 - perekani chithunzi cha Humaloga. Kumbukirani kuti imakhala yolimba nthawi ziwiri kuposa insulin yochepa. Chifukwa chake, Mlingo wa Humalog uyenera kukhala 0,4 wa mlingo wanu wanthawi zonse wa insulin. Choyimira 0.4 chikuyenera kufotokozedwa payekhapayekha.

Jakisoni wa insulin kuti adye m'malo odyera komanso ndege

M'malesitilanti, m'mahotela ndi ndege, chakudya chimaperekedwa malinga ndi dongosolo lawo, osati lanu. Ndipo nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika mochedwa kuposa zomwe olonjezedwa ndi antchito kukonza kapena timabuku totsatsa. Iwo omwe alibe matenda ashuga amakwiya akafuna kukhala ndi njala ndikudikirira kuti palibe amene amadziwa nthawi. Koma ngati mwalandira kale jakisoni wa insulin mwachangu, ndiye kuti chiyembekezochi sichingokhumudwitsa, komanso chitha kukhala chowopsa, chifukwa pali chiopsezo cha hypoglycemia (shuga yochepa).

Zikatero, n`zotheka jekeseni osati yochepa insulin, koma ultrashort. Lowetsani mukadzaona kuti woperekera zakudya akukonzekera njira yoyamba kapena appetizer. Ngati mukuyembekeza kuchedwa kutumikiradi maphunziro enieniwo, gawani muyeso wa ultrashort insulin m'magawo awiri. Gwiritsani theka loyambirira nthawi yomweyo, ndipo chachiwiri - mukadzaona kuti woperekera zakudya wanyamula mayeso. Shuga amatha kutuluka pang'ono, koma mumakhala otsimikizika kuti mupewe hypoglycemia, ngakhale chakudya chitaperekedwa mosachedwa. Ngati mumayitanitsa zakudya zamafuta ochepa ndikuzidya pang'onopang'ono, mutha kupewa kuchuluka kwa shuga kwakanthawi.

Osayitanitsa kapena kudya zakudya za "matenda ashuga" omwe akukwera! Ndi chakudya nthawi zonse chomwe chimadzaza ndi chakudya chamafuta, mwinanso chowopsa kwa ife kuposa chakudya cham'masiku onse. Ngati ndege ikupereka chisankho, ndiye kuti mukulamula zakudya zam'nyanja. Ngati palibe chakudya mundege, ndibwino, chifukwa pali ziyeso zochepa zopatuka kuchoka pachakudya. Ngati okhawo omwe akuyendetsa ndege amathanso kuthirira madzi, ndipo tidzadzipatsa chakudya chopatsa thanzi kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe zaloledwa kukhala ndi shuga.

Chenjezo Ngati mwakula, i.e., kuchedwa kuchotsa m'mimba mutatha kudya, musagwiritse ntchito insulin ya ultrashort, koma nthawi yochepa yochepa. Ngati zakudya zikupezeka m'mimba mwanu, ndiye kuti insulini yochepa kwambiri imakhalapo mofulumira kuposa momwe iyenera kukhalira. Tikukumbukiranso kuti mitundu ya insulin ya insulin ndiyamphamvu kwambiri kuposa yochepa, chifukwa chake, mankhwalawa amayenera kukhala ocheperako 1.5-2,5.

Sinthani shuga yambiri ndi insulin

Ngakhale mutayesetsa bwanji kuthana ndi matendawa, kuchita kapena, nthawi zina, shuga umadumpha. Pali zifukwa zosiyanasiyana:

• matenda opatsirana
• kupsinjika kwachisoni
• kuwerengetsa kolakwika kwa zakudya zamagulu azakudya ndi mapuloteni,
• zolakwika insulin.

Ngati matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2 wa beta ya kapamba anu akupitilizabe kupanga insulini, ndiye kuti shuga yayikulu imatha kutsika mwanjira yochepa pakapita maola ochepa. Komabe, ngati muli ndi matenda osokoneza bongo a mtundu woyamba 1 ndikupanga insulini m'thupi mwatsika mpaka zero, ndiye kuti kuwombera kwapafupifupi ndi insulini yochepa kapena kochepa kukufunika kuti muchepetse kudumpha kwa shuga. Muyenera kugwetsanso shuga owonjezera ndi jakisoni wa insulin ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga a 2 komanso kukana kwambiri kwa insulin, i.e, chidwi cha maselo pakuchitika kwa insulin kuchepa.

Mlingo wa insulin yofulumira yomwe imafunikira kuti shuga yapamwamba ithekere. Sichokhudzana ndi zakudya. Chakudya chokhala ndi chakudya ndi mlingo wa insulin musanadye, womwe umafunika kuti shuga asatuluke chakudya chikamamwa. Ngati shuga adumpha ndipo muyenera kuyambitsa bolus ya kukonzanso, ndiye chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito imodzi mwazosankha zazifupi kwambiri za insulin, chifukwa zimachitika mwachangu kuposa zazifupi.

Nthawi yomweyo, ngati mukuyang'ana, ndiye ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito insulin yayifupi m'malo mwa ultrashort ngati bolus ya chakudya.Ochepa odwala matenda ashuga ochepa amakhala okonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito insulin yochepa asanadye tsiku lililonse, kwinaku akusunga insulini yocheperako pang'ono pokonzekera zochitika zapadera. Ngati mukuchitabe izi, kumbukirani kuti mitundu ya insulin ndi yamphamvu kwambiri kuposa yochepa. Humalog ili ndi nthawi pafupifupi 2.5, pomwe NovoRapid ndi Apidra amakhala olimba nthawi 1.5-2.

Kuti mukhale okonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito insulini yachangu ngati chowongolera shuga ikadumphira, muyenera kudziwa momwe 1 PULANI ya insulinyi imatsitsira shuga. Kuti tichite izi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tichite zoyeserera pasadakhale, zomwe zikufotokozedwa pansipa.

Momwe mungadziwire ndendende gawo limodzi la 1 la insulin limatsitsa shuga

Kuti mudziwe ndendende kuchuluka kwa insulin ya 0.5 U kapena 1 U ya insulin yocheperako kapena kopitilira muyeso kumachepetsa shuga lanu, muyenera kuyesa. Tsoka ilo, kuyesa uku kumafuna kudumpha chakudya chamasana tsiku lina. Koma sizifunikira kuchitika pafupipafupi, ndizokwanira kamodzi, kenako mutha kubwereza zaka zingapo zingapo. Chofunika cha kuyeseraku chikufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane pansipa, komanso zomwe angapeze.

Yembekezani mpaka tsiku lanu asanafike shuga kuti alumphe osachepera 1.1 mmol / L pamwamba pamlingo. Chifukwa cha kuyesera uku, shuga wowonjezereka m'mawa wopanda kanthu suyenera, chifukwa zotsatira zidzasokonekera. Shuga sayenera kukwezedwa osapitilira maola 5 mutatha kadzutsa. Izi ndizofunikira kuti mlingo wa insulin yachangu musanadye chakudya cham'mawa. Komanso, onetsetsani kuti mwatenga jakisoni wanu wachilendo wa insulin m'mawa uno.

Kuyesera ndikuti mumadumphira chakudya chamasana ndikuwombera mwachangu insulin musanadye, yomwe imakhala chakudya. M'malo mwake, mumabayira insulin yofulumira, bolus yokonzanso, ndikuwona momwe imatsitsira shuga lanu. Ndikofunikira kupaka jekeseni ya insulin yotsika kapena yolondola kwambiri kuti isachepetse shuga - yayitali kwambiri kuti muchepetse hypoglycemia. Gome ili m'munsi likuthandizani ndi izi.

Kodi gawo limodzi la insulin yothamanga lingachepetse shuga m'magazi, kutengera mlingo wa tsiku lililonse wa insulin

Zolemba pagome:

• Malonda onse omwe apatsidwa ali pafupifupi, amangogwiritsa ntchito jakisoni woyamba "woyesera" wa insulin yofulumira. Dziwani manambala omwe mungagwiritse ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku ndi inu nokha, poyeserera.
• Chinthu chachikulu ndikuti musaba jakisoni wambiri mwachangu kwa nthawi yoyamba, kupewa hypoglycemia.
• Humalog ndi insulin yamphamvu kwambiri. Zowonadi zake ziyenera kukonzedwa m'njira yosungunuka. Mulimonsemo, phunzirani.

Akuti mumatsatira zakudya zamafuta ochepa ndikubaya Mlingo wokwanira wa insulin. Ndikutanthauza - mumagwiritsa ntchito insulin yochulukirapo kuti musunge shuga anu osala kudya. Apanso, tikulimbikitsa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga kuti asayese kugwiritsa ntchito insulin yayitali kutengera zotsatira za insulin yomwe imapangitsa kuti shuga asatulutse. Werengani nkhaniyo ”. Tsatirani malangizo omwe afotokozedwamo.

Tiyeni titenge chitsanzo chothandiza. Tingoyerekeza kuti mutha kupaka majekisoni okwanira 9 a insulin yokwanira patsiku, ndikugwiritsa ntchito NovoRapid ngati insulin yofulumira. Mu tebulo tili ndi chidziwitso cha kuchuluka kwa insulin ya 8 mayunitsi ndi magawo 10, koma 9 magawo ayi. Mwanjira iyi, timapeza pafupifupi ndikugwiritsa ntchito ngati poyambira. Chiwerengero (4.4 mmol / L + 3.6 mmol / L) / 2 = 4.0 mmol / L. Shuga wanu musanadye chakudya chidayamba kukhala 9,7 mmol / L, ndipo mulingo wake anali 5.0 mmol / L. Ndikusintha kuti shuga imaposa zomwe zimachitika ndi 4.7 mmol / L.Ndi magawo angati a NovoRapid omwe amafunikira kubayidwa kuti muchepetse shuga kuti ukhale wabwinobwino? Kuti mudziwe, werengani 4.7 mmol / L / 4.0 mmol / L = 1.25 IU ya insulin.

Chifukwa chake, timabayidwa mayunitsi 1.25 a NovoRapida, kudumphira chakudya chamasana ndipo, motero, timabaya chakudya musanadye chakudya chamadzulo. Timayetsa shuga m'magazi pambuyo pa 2, 3, 4, 5, ndi maola 6 pambuyo pobayira jakisoni wowongolera. Tili ndi chidwi ndi muyezo womwe ungawonetse zotsatira zochepa. Imakhala ndi chidziwitso chofunikira:

• Ndi ma mmol / l angati omwe NovoRapid amatsitsa magazi anu,
• jakisoni amatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji.

Kwa odwala ambiri, jakisoni wa insulin mwachangu amasiya mkati mwa maola 6 otsatira. Ngati muli ndi shuga wotsika kwambiri pambuyo maola 4 kapena 5, zikutanthauza kuti payekha insulini iyi imakugwirani ntchito panokha.

Tiyerekeze, malinga ndi momwe anakuwonera, zinapezeka kuti shuga m'magazi anu pambuyo pa jekeseni la NovoRapida la 1.25 IU lagwa kuchokera 9.7 mmol / L mpaka 4.5 mmol / L, ndipo patatha maola 6 silinatsikenso. Chifukwa chake, tidaphunzira kuti magawo 1.25 a NovoRapid adatsitsa shuga yanu ndi 5.2 mmol / L. Chifukwa chake, gawo limodzi la insulin iyi limatsitsa shuga wanu ndi (5.2 mmol / l / 1.25) = 4.16 mmol / l. Ichi ndi chinthu chamtengo wapatali chotchedwa insulin sensitivity factor. Gwiritsani ntchito mukafuna kuwerengera kuti mupeze shuga yayikulu.

Zomwe zimapangitsa insulin kumva zamtunduwu ndizosiyana m'mawa, masana, ndi madzulo. Chitani ziyeso zingapo nthawi zosiyanasiyana patsiku.

Momwe mungazimitsire shuga yayikulu ndi jakisoni wa insulin

Chifukwa chake, mudayesa ndikuwona momwe 1 unit yochepa kapena ya ultrashort insulin imatsitsira shuga lanu. Tsopano mutha kugwiritsa ntchito insuliniyi ngati njira yolankhulira, ndiye kuti, kuzimitsa shuga kuti azikhala bwino ngati alumpha. Maola ochepa pambuyo poti jekeseni wa enieni a insulin, shuga wanu akhoza kubwerera mwakale.

Momwe mungapangire shuga m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu

Ngati shuga m'mimba yopanda kanthu nthawi zambiri imakwezedwa, ndiye kuti zingakhale zovuta kwambiri kuti zitsike pang'ono. Vutoli limatchedwa chodabwitsa cha m'bandakucha. Mwa odwala ena omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga, amachepetsa kwambiri kumva kwa insulin, mwa ena - ochepa. Mutha kuwona kuti m'mawa, insulin yothamanga imachepetsa shuga m'magazi kuposa momwe zimakhalira masana kapena madzulo. Chifukwa chake, mlingo wake wa bolus yokonzanso m'mawa umayenera kuwonjezeka ndi 20%, 33% kapena kuposa pamenepo. Kambiranani izi ndi dokotala. % Yeniyeni imatha kutsimikiziridwa ndi kuyesa ndi zolakwika. Kupuma tsiku lonse, insulini iyenera kugwira ntchito mwachizolowezi.

Ngati mumakhala ndi vuto la shuga m'mawa m'mimba yopanda kanthu, phunzirani "". Tsatirani malangizo omwe afotokozedwa pamenepo.

Zoyenera kuchita ngati shuga atakwera pamwamba pa 11 mmol / l

Ngati shuga akukwera pamwamba pa 11 mmol / l, ndiye mwa wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, mphamvu ya maselo pakuchita insulin ikhoza kuchepera. Zotsatira zake, jakisoni adzakulirakulira kuposa masiku onse. Izi zimanenedweratu makamaka ngati shuga atakwera mpaka 13 mmol / L ndikukwera. Mwa anthu omwe amachita mosamala kapena, shuga wambiri ndiye osowa kwambiri.

Ngati mukuvutikabe ndi zovuta zoterezi, ikani kaye insulini yachangu ngati cholowera, monga mumakonda. Muwerenge mlingo wake malinga ndi njira yomwe tafotokozayi. Amaganiziridwa kuti mwapeza kale momwe gawo limodzi la insulini limatsitsira shuga. Yembekezani maola 5, kenako kuyeza shuga ndi glucometer ndikubwereza njirayi. Kuyambira koyamba, shuga sangayerekezere kukhala wabwinobwino, koma kuyambira nthawi yachiwiri, mwina, inde. Onani chifukwa chomwe shuga yanu idalumphira kwambiri, ndikuthana nawo. Ngati muchiza matenda anu a shuga malinga ndi malingaliro omwe adatsamba lathu, ndiye kuti izi sizingachitike konse. Mulingo uliwonse wotere uyenera kufufuzidwa bwino.

Matenda opatsirana ndikuwongolera matenda a shuga

Pambuyo powerenga nkhaniyi, mudaphunzira kuwerengera Mlingo wamfupi ndi wa insulin ya jakisoni musanadye, komanso momwe mungapangitsire shuga ngati limatuluka. Lembali limapereka zitsanzo zatsatanetsatane zowerengera mwachangu insulin. Malamulo a odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amtundu 1 ndi mitundu yachiwiri ya shuga ndi osiyana, motero zitsanzo ndizosiyana. Tinayesetsa kuti zitsanzo zikhale zomveka bwino momwe zingathere. Ngati china chake sichimamveka bwino - funsani mafunso mu ndemanga, ndipo woyang'anira tsamba awayankha mwachangu.

1. - Njira yayikulu yochizira (control) yamtundu 1 ndi matenda ashuga 2.
2. Ngati mutsatira zakudya zamafuta ochepa, mapiritsi a insulin amafunikira otsika. Pambuyo posintha kuchokera ku chakudya chamagulu "choyenera" kapena kocheperako, amachepetsa nthawi 2-7.
3. Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, amayamba ndi jakisoni wa insulin Lantus kapena Levemir wowonjezera usiku ndi m'mawa. Majekiseni a insulini yachangu musanadye amawonjezera pambuyo pake ngati pakufunika.
4. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, makamaka amathamangira, amathira shuga m'malo mwa jakisoni wa insulin. Maphunziro akuthupi samathandiza kokha mwa 5% ya milandu yapamwamba kwambiri. Pazotsalira 95%, zimakupatsani mwayi wokana jakisoni wa insulin musanadye.
5. Ngati mumatsatira zakudya zamafuta ochepa, ndibwino kupaka insulin yochepa anthu musanadye - Actrapid NM, Humulin Regular, Insuman Rapid GT, Biosulin R.
6. Mitundu ya Ultrashort ya insulin - Humalog, Apidra, NovoRapid - ndiyabwino kwambiri kudya chifukwa amachitapo kanthu mwachangu ndikupangitsa kudumpha mu shuga.
7. Ndibwino kuti mupeze insulini yowonjezera usiku ndi m'mawa, insulin yochepa musanadye, ndikukhalabe ndi Humalog yochepa kwambiri pamilandu yomwe muyenera kuthana ndi shuga msanga.
8. Chidziwitso cha insulini ndichoti 1 UNIT ya insulin imatsitsa shuga.
9. Chakudya chopatsa mphamvu - kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe zimaphimba gawo limodzi la insulin.
10. Zomwe zimapangitsa insulin sensitivity factor komanso ma carbohydrate coefficients omwe mungapeze m'mabuku komanso pa intaneti sizolondola. Wodwala aliyense wa shuga ali ndi wake. Ikani ngati mwayesa. M'mawa, pachakudya chamadzulo komanso madzulo ndizosiyana.
11. Osayesa kuloweza jakisoni wa insulin yofulumira musanadye ndi jakisoni wamkulu wa insulin yayitali!
12. Osasokoneza kuchuluka kwa insulin yochepa komanso ya ultrashort. Mitundu ya insulashort ya insulini imakhala yolimba nthawi 1.5-2,5 kuposa yayifupi, kotero kuti ma dosages awo ayenera kukhala ochepa.
13. Phunzirani. Onani momwe insulin yochepa ndi ultrashort insulin imachitikira pa inu.
14. Phunzirani ndi kuwatsatira.

Chifukwa chake, mudaganizira momwe mungawerengere kuchuluka kwa insulin yochepa komanso ya ultrashort insulin m'malo osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa cha izi, muli ndi mwayi wokhala ndi shuga wabwino kwambiri, monga momwe mumakhalira anthu athanzi. Komabe, chidziwitso cha chithandizo cha matenda ashuga cha jakisoni wa insulin sichimathetsa kufunika kotsatira. Ngati zakudya za anthu odwala matenda ashuga zimadzaza ndi chakudya, ndiye kuti palibe kuwerengera kwa mankhwala a insulini omwe angamupulumutse ku kuchuluka kwa shuga, kukula kwa zovuta komanso zam'mimba.

Palinso zinthu zina zachiwiri zomwe zimakhudza shuga kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Awa ndimatenda opatsirana, zochitika zovutitsa, nyengo, kusintha kwa nyengo, kumwa mankhwala, makamaka mankhwala a mahomoni. Mwa akazi, komanso magawo a kusamba, msambo, kusamba. Mukudziwa kale momwe mungasinthire kuchuluka kwa insulin malinga ndi zakudya komanso shuga. Gawo lotsatira ndikuphunzira momwe mungapangire zosintha poganizira zinthu zachiwiri. Onani nkhani "" "kuti mumve zambiri. Ndikofunikira kuwonjezera pazomwe mudadutsamo.

Nthawi zina odwala matenda ashuga amakumana ndi zodabwitsazi pomwe insulin singachepetse shuga. Zifukwa zake ndizosiyana - mlingo wolakwika, kusungidwa kwa mankhwala, bongo wambiri (mphamvu ya Somoji). Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa mwatsatanetsatane chifukwa chomwe mahomoni samathandizira, chifukwa ndi kutukuka kwenikweni kwa insulin ndikotheka.

Insulin ndi tanthauzo lake

Monga ananenera, palibe njira iliyonse m'thupi la munthu yomwe imayamba popanda insulini. Amathandizira nawo pakuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni ndi mafuta. Koma, zoona, ntchito yayikulu ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Ngati shuga asweka, mphamvu ya metabolism sidzachitika mthupi moyenera.

Insulin yathanzi, yathanzi yogwira ntchito imakhala yambiri:

• Ana, kuyambira 3.0 mpaka 20 μU / ml,
• Akuluakulu, kuyambira 3.0 mpaka 25 μU / ml.

Mwa anthu achikulire omwe zaka zawo zadutsa zaka 60-65, insulin ikhoza kukhala ndi kuchuluka kwa 35 mcU / ml. Zonsezi ndizizindikiro wamba. Ngati manambala apamwamba adapitilira, muyenera kukaonana ndi dokotala posachedwa - adzakhazikitsa zifukwa ndikufotokozera chifukwa chake insulini imakwezedwa modabwitsa.

Chidandaulo chachikulu chiyenera kukhala mkhalidwe momwe mahomoni amakwezedwa, ndipo shuga amakhalanso abwinobwino. Pofuna kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa insulin ndi glucose kunyumba, glucometer iyenera kukhala pafupi.

Ndikofunikira kutenga miyezo ya shuga kangapo patsiku - makamaka osachepera 5, kuti mumvetse bwino.

Koma ngati izi sizingatheke, ndiye kuti shuga amayenera kuwunika kawiri patsiku: m'mawa mutadzuka, ndipo madzulo, asanagone.

Chifukwa insulin ndi yokwera - zifukwa

Ngati insulini imakwezedwa, izi nthawi zonse zimawonetsa kuvulaza kwakukulu m'thupi, china chake sichili bwino ndi thanzi. Choyamba, titha kufotokoza za chitukuko cha mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga - ndi mtundu uwu wa matendawa omwe amawonetsa ali amtunduwu.

Nthawi zambiri, milingo yokwezeka kwambiri imawonetsa matenda omwe amatchedwa Cushing's. Ndi acromegaly, mahomoni ambiri okula m'magazi amawerengedwa limodzi. Shuga, komabe, amakhalabe wabwinobwino.

Insulin yokwera ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro za zovuta zazikulu za chiwindi. Nthawi zambiri, chizindikiro chofananacho chikuwonetsa kupezeka kwa insulinomas - chotupa chomwe chimatulutsa timadzi timeneti.

Dystrophic myotonia, matenda oopsa a neuromuscular, ndi chifukwa china chowonjezera cha kuchuluka kwa insulin. Mutha kukayikiranso gawo loyamba la kunenepa kwambiri komanso kuchepa kwa chidwi cha maselo am'mimba kupita ku mahomoni ndi ma carbohydrate omwe amachokera pamenepo.

Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti insulin iwonjezeke mwadzidzidzi, kupenda wodwalayo ndikofunikira.

Chofunikira: nthawi zambiri mahomoni a pancreatic amawonjezereka mwa azimayi panthawi yopaka. Amakhulupilira kuti popeza thupi limalowa mthupi latsopano, kusintha kotereku ndikwabwinobwino. Koma, komabe, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuwunikira thanzi lanu, zakudya komanso kunenepa.

Gulu la matenda ngati shuga

Pochiza matenda a shuga, wodwalayo ayenera kufunsana ndi endocrinologist - momwe angapangire insulin. Zingwe zitha kuchitidwa:

• kudzera m'mitseko - kokha kuchipatala (m'chipinda chothandizira kwambiri),
• intramuscularly - Umu ndi momwe mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kwa ana (ngati sizingatheke kupatsirana mankhwalawo mu minofu yamkati),
• subcutaneally - madera okhala ndi zigawo zokwanira za adipose minofu (pamimba, kunja kwa phewa, ntchafu yakunja, dera la gluteal).

Jakisoni wa insulini amatha kuchitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito cholembera kapena syringe yotayika yokhala ndi gawo lapadera, lomwe limapangidwira mulingo woyenera wa mankhwalawo.

Kuchuluka kwa yankho kumawerengedwa osati kuwerengeka, monga zochulukirapo, koma m'magawo a mkate (XE), kotero muyeso wa insulini uli ndi ma gridi awiri.

Cholembera cha payekha ndi chida chothandiza kupangira insulin - chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanda mavuto pafupifupi kulikonse (kuntchito, patchuthi, paulendo).

Zomwe zimatchuka pakukula kwa njira yokhayo yoperekera insulin mu shuga imatha kuganiziridwa ngati mawonekedwe a chipangizocho, chidutswa chake chonse ndi singano, kuthekera kosankha molondola kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawo.

Kugwiritsa ntchito ma syringes ochiritsira 1 ml ndikofunikira ngati kuphatikiza mitundu ingapo ya insulin pochiritsira (mankhwala osiyanasiyana opatsirana), yomwe nthawi zambiri imalimbikitsidwa kwa ana ndi achinyamata, komanso kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lomwe lakhazikitsidwa kumene, ngati kuli kotheka, sinthani mlingo wa mahomoni.

Mitundu ya matenda ashuga ikhoza kukhala yosiyana. Muzochita zamankhwala, mawu akuti "shuga mellitus" amatanthauza matenda ambiri omwe ali ndi zofanana. Koma ziribe kanthu kuti ali ndi matenda amtundu wanji, iye amakhala ndi shuga wambiri wamwazi.

Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi lisamayendetsedwe ndi shuga kuchoka m'magazi kupita ku maselo, ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala zofanana: magazi "okoma" kwambiri sangapatse maselo chakudya choyenera.

Izi zitha kufotokozedwa ngati "njala pakati pazambiri." Koma awa si mavuto onse omwe amayembekezera odwala matenda ashuga.

Shuga omwe sakalowa m'maselo amathandiza kuchotsa madzi kwa iwo.

Mwazi, wokhala ndi madzi ambiri, amuchotsa kudzera mu impso, chifukwa, thupi la wodwalayo limasowa madzi m'madzi. Izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi "zikuluzikulu" zamatendawa: mkamwa youma, ludzu, kumwa kwambiri, chifukwa chake, kukodza pafupipafupi.

Gulu la anthu odwala matenda ashuga limafalikira, pali mitundu yambiri yamatenda, ndipo ena a iwo ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya matenda ashuga: odalira insulini komanso osadalira insulin, shuga komanso osapatsa shuga, postoperative, kapamba komanso osapindika, etc.

Insulin yodalira ndi insulin yosadalira insulin

Type 1abetes mellitus ndimatenda omwe amadalira insulin, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa autoimmune kapena ma virus ku chiwalo chomwe chimapanga inshuwaransi ya pancreatic. Mlingo wa insulin m'magazi a odwala ndiwosazindikira kapena kulibe.

Matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin nthawi zambiri amakhudza anthu achinyamata ndipo amawonetsedwa ndi zizindikiritso monga kumwa kwambiri, kukodza pafupipafupi, kuchepa thupi, kumva kunjenjemera kwamatenda komanso asetone mumkodzo.

Kuchiza matenda amtunduwu ndikotheka pokhazikitsa mtundu woyenera wa insulin. Mankhwala ena alibe mphamvu pano.

Zizindikiro za Somoji Syndrome

Chifukwa chake, mwachidule. Kutengera ndi izi:

• Kusinthasintha kowopsa m'magazi a glucose masana kuyambira otsika kupita pamtunda, zomwe zimatchedwa diagonals.
• Hypoglycemia pafupipafupi: zonse zowonekera komanso zobisika.
• Kuchuluka kwa maonekedwe a ketone m'magazi ndi mkodzo.
• Kulemera kwambiri komanso kumangokhala ndi njala.
• Kuzindikira kwa maphunziro a shuga poyesa kuwonjezera Mlingo wa insulin, komanso, kusintha ndi kuchepa.
• Kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a shuga panthawi ya chimfine, pamene kufunikira kwa insulin mwachilengedwe kumawonjezeka komanso kumwa kwa m'mbuyomu ndikokwanira.

Mufunsanso kuti: "Mungadziwe bwanji hypently hypemlycemia komanso kuti shuga yachuluka chifukwa cha ichi?" Ndiyesa kuyankha funsoli, chifukwa mawonekedwe awonso akhoza kukhala osiyana kwambiri komanso onse amodzi.

Kuzindikira kukana insulini ndikwabwino kwambiri momwe mungathere. Ngakhale thupi silinayende ku ma pathological. Kunena ngati insulini idakulira m'magazi kapena ayi, ndikokwanira kuti adotolo afunse munthuyo ndikupeza ngati zovuta ngati izi zimamuvutitsa:

• kutopa kwambiri
• kuganizira kwambiri,
• kuthamanga kwa magazi
• kulemera kumawonjezeka
• khungu lamafuta
• dandruff
• seborrhea.

Ngati zingapo mwazizindikirozi zikupezeka, ndiye kuti muyenera kuyesa magazi msanga.Ndipo ngati nthawi ndi nthawi wodwala amakhudzidwa ndi kupsinjika kwa hypoglycemia (kutsika kwa shuga, kuwonjezera apo, kowonda), ndiye kuti amapatsidwa zakudya zapadera. Mlingo wa shuga umasungidwa makamaka ndi yankho la shuga.

Ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ambiri a insulin m'magazi, zomwe zimakhala ndi shuga zimatsika kwambiri. Ngati chizindikirochi chikutsikira pansi 3.3 mmol / l, amalankhula za kukula kwa hypoglycemia.

Zizindikiro za mankhwala a insulin

Kwa munthu wathanzi, mlingo wabwino wa thupilo ndi 2-4 IU mu maola 24. Ngati tikulankhula za omanga thupi, ndiye 20 IU iyi. Kwa anthu odwala matenda a shuga, chizolowezi chake ndi 20-25 IU patsiku. Ngati dokotalayo ayamba kuledzera pamankhwala ake, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa mahomoniwo kumawonjezera bongo.

Zomwe zimayambitsa hypoglycemia ndi izi:

• kusankha kolakwika kwa mankhwala,
• kusintha mtundu wa syringes ndi mankhwala,
• masewera opanda masewera
• kudya moyenera komanso nthawi yomweyo insulin,
• kuphwanya zakudya pambuyo jekeseni (kunalibe chakudya atangochita),

Munthu aliyense amene amadalira insulin, kamodzi kamodzi m'moyo wake, anali kumva zosasangalatsa zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ambiri. Zizindikiro zazikulu za bongo za insulin:

1. kufooka kwa minofu
2. ludzu
3. thukuta lozizira
4. miyendo yanjenjemera
5. chisokonezo,
6. kuchuluka kwa thambo ndi lilime.

Zizindikiro zonsezi ndi zizindikiro za hypoglycemic syndrome, zomwe zimayamba chifukwa cha kuchepa msanga m'magazi a magazi. Yankho lofananalo ku funso la zomwe zimachitika ngati mutabaya insulin mwa munthu wathanzi.

Matendawa amayenera kuyimitsidwa msanga, apo ayi wodwalayo amagwa, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti atuluke.

Komabe, munthu aliyense wodalira insulin, kamodzi kamodzi m'moyo wake, samakumana ndi zosasangalatsa zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ambiri. Zizindikiro za bongo zikuphatikiza:

• kufooka kwa minofu
• kugwedezeka miyendo,
• lilime ndi thambo,
• thukuta lozizira
• ludzu
• kusokonezeka kwa chikumbumtima.

Zizindikiro zonsezi ndizizindikiro za hypoglycemic syndrome, zolimbikitsidwa ndi kuchepa kwambiri kwa shuga m'magazi. Iyenera kuyimitsidwa posachedwa. Kupanda kutero, wodwalayo akhoza kugwa, nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kutuluka, ndipo insulin yambiri ndi yomwe imayambitsa zonsezi.

Ngati pali insulin yochulukirapo, izi zimabweretsa kutsika kwa msanga kwa shuga.

Hypoglycemia imayamba ngati shuga itatsika pansi 3.3 mmol / L.

Kuchulukitsa kwa zizindikiro kumayenderana kwambiri ndi mtundu wa insulin (yayitali, yochepa kapena ya ultrashort) ndi mlingo.

Insulin yowonjezera m'magazi imapangitsa kutsika kwa shuga. Mutha kuyankhula za hypoglycemia ndi chizindikiro chotsika 3.3 mmol / L m'magazi a capillary. Kukula kwa zizindikiro kumadalira mtundu wamankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndi kuyambitsidwa kwa insulin yofulumira, Zizindikiro zimayamba pakapita nthawi yochepa, ndi jekeseni wa insulin yocheperako kwakanthawi.

Zizindikiro za insulin yowonjezera m'magazi ndi motere.

Njira zamankhwala amtundu wa insulin :: mankhwala a odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe ali ndi insulin :: insulin

Malinga ndi kuyezetsa magazi kwa shuga, adotolo adzalembera chithandizo chofunikira. Mu shuga, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti pakhale osakwanira pancreatic secretion (mtundu woyamba), ndikofunikira jakisoni insulin kawiri pa tsiku. Dokotala amafotokozanso za kusowa kwa zakudya zoyenera kudya, zomwe ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse.

Eya, matenda ashuga amtundu wachiwiri ndi zotsatira za kupsinjika ndi njira yolakwika, yosagwira ntchito, nthawi zambiri imapangitsa kuti insulini iwonjezeke. Mtunduwu umatchedwa kuti shuga yemwe amadalira insulin, umathandizidwa ndimankhwala ena.

Ndikofunika kupeza masewera aliwonse omwe mumakonda ndikukonzekera zolimbitsa thupi minofu. Komabe, mulingo wa insulini umafunikanso kufufuzidwa pafupipafupi ndi kukaonana ndi dokotala-endocrinologist.

Mwa munthu wathanzi, insulin secretion imachitika nthawi zonse ndipo imakhala pafupifupi 1 IU ya insulini pa ola limodzi, iyi ndiye yotchedwa basal kapena secretion yam'mbuyo. Pakudya, kuwonjezeka kwa insulini kumachitika pafupipafupi.

Kukondoweza insulin katulutsidwe pafupifupi 1-2 magawo 10 g iliyonse ya chakudya. Nthawi yomweyo, kuwongolera kosalekeza kumasungidwa pakati pazowonjezera insulin ndi kufunika kwake malinga ndi mfundo ya mayankho.

Wodwala wodwala matenda a shuga 1 amafunika insulin yomwe ingafanane ndi insulini m'malo mwake. Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kukonzekera kwa insulin panthawi zosiyanasiyana.

Ndikosatheka kukwaniritsa zotsatira zogwira mtima ndi jakisoni imodzi ya insulin mwa odwala matenda a shuga 1. Chiwerengero cha jakisoni amatha kuyambira 2 mpaka 5-6 pa tsiku.

Jakisoni wambiri, njira ya insulin yotsatizana imayandikira kwachilengedwe. Odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga omwe ali ndi cell ya beta-yosungirako, kusungirako kamodzi, kawiri kokha kumapangitsa insulini.

Pali njira zingapo zoperekera insulin patsiku:

• jekeseni imodzi
• jakisoni awiri
• regimen yambiri
• insulin dispenser kapena pampu.

Ndondomeko ya insulin mankhwala ayenera kukhala payekha, kutengera zolinga za glycemic control mwa wodwala aliyense. Wodwala, mothandizidwa ndi dokotala, ayenera kusungabe nthawi zonse pakati pa insulini yovulaza komanso kufunika kwake, komwe kumatsimikiziridwa ndi zakudya komanso zolimbitsa thupi.

Kupita patsogolo kwa matenda ashuga matenda azakudya m'zaka 10 zapitazi kwapangitsa kuti zikonzenso mfundo zamankhwala a insulin. Pakadali pano, mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya mankhwala a insulin imagwiritsidwa ntchito: yachikhalidwe (mwachizolowezi) ndikuwonjezera (kwambiri).

Malinga ndi mfundo zachikhalidwe zamatenda a insulin, anthu ambiri omwe amakhala ndi insulin amathandizidwa limodzi ndi insulin. Majakisoni nthawi zambiri amachitidwa kawiri patsiku ndipo chakudya chimakhala “chosinthika” mothandizidwa ndi insulin, momwe wodwala amayenera kudya pang'ono, kangapo ka 5-6 patsiku panthawi inayake.

Kukhazikika kamodzi kwa insulini kumakhala koyenera kokha ngati pali shuga wokhazikika yemwe ali ndi vuto laling'ono la insulin (ochepera 30-40 magawo / tsiku) makamaka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2.

Mankhwala amodzi a insulin nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi imodzi.

Pakaperekedwa kawiri, kawirikawiri 2/3 ya tsiku ndi tsiku imaperekedwa musanadye chakudya cham'mawa, chachitatu - musanadye chakudya, 1/3 ya mlingo uliwonse wa jekeseni ndi insulin, komanso 2/3 ya nthawi yayitali. Mlingo wa insulin, womwe umapereka nthawi ya masana, uyenera kukhala wokulirapo kuposa nthawi yamadzulo.

Komabe, magawoli nthawi zonse amakhala amodzi payekha, ndipo malingaliro ali pabwino. Kuphatikiza kwa insulin yosavuta komanso yayitali (Ultralente, ultratard) amagwiritsidwanso ntchito.

Kuphatikiza kosiyanasiyana ndikotheka, makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito zosakaniza zopangidwa kale. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu itatu ya mankhwala osiyanasiyana munthawi imodzi (jekeseni, yapakatikati ndi nthawi yayitali) pobayira limodzi.

Kuphatikiza koteroko, nsonga za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya insulini imatha kudutsa ndikupangitsa kuti hypoglycemia ikhale ndi nthawi yayitali, kenako kutsata hyperglycemia usiku kapena m'mawa. Bwino gwiritsani ntchito jakisoni wowonjezera wa insulin.

Mlingo wa insulin uyenera kukhazikitsidwa kwa wodwala aliyense payekhapayekha. Kufunika kwachilengedwe kwa munthu wathanzi la insulin (30-70 unit / tsiku) kumatha kukhala chitsogozo chotsimikizika cha tsiku lililonse.

Mlingo wambiri, womwe umapangidwa makamaka ndi kubisika kwa insulini komanso kudziwa kutulutsa insulin, umachokera ku 0.3 mpaka 0.8 U / kg thupi tsiku lililonse mwa odwala.Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a nthawi yayitali omwe amakhala ndi matenda a shuga a insulin, omwe amadziwika ndi zochepa kapena alibe chinsinsi, kufunika kwa insulini ndi 0.7-0.8 U / kg kulemera kwa thupi.

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga omwe amangopezeka kumene pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amakono a insulin, mlingo wake wa tsiku ndi tsiku umakhala pafupifupi 0,5 IU / kg ya kulemera kwa thupi. Pambuyo kumayambiriro kwa kubwezeretsa matenda, imatha kutsikira ku 0.3-0.4 U / kg kapena kuchepera.

Mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa 1 U / kg kapena zingapo umawonetsa, ambiri, kukana kwambiri kapena insulin. Komabe, malangizowa ndi othandizika ndipo amafunikira njira yolankhulirana payekha komanso kukonza koyenera malinga ndi msana komanso kusinthasintha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kwa glycemia.

Kuwonongeka kwa nthawi yayitali chifukwa cha matendawa, kutenga pakati, matenda oyanjana kumachepetsa kwambiri kumva kwa insulin, komwe kumapangitsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa. Kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yamakono ya insulin yotsukidwa kwambiri, komanso mwayi watsopano wokwaniritsira ndi kubwezera kwakanthawi matendawa, pakuwonjezereka kwa odwala kumapangitsa kutsika kwakukulu kwa mlingo wa insulin wa tsiku ndi tsiku.

Mu 70-80s, odwala omwe ali ndi tsiku ndi tsiku insulin ya 70-80-90 mayunitsi anali lamulo m'malo mopatula. Kusintha kwa ma insulin apamwamba kwambiri kwapangitsa kuchepa kwa mlingo wake watsiku ndi tsiku.

Pakadali pano, wodwala yemwe ali ndi mlingo wa insulini wopitilira 1 U / kg kulemera kwa thupi ayenera kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa kukana kwa insulini komanso kuphatikizidwa kwa matenda osokoneza bongo omwe angathe.

Popereka mankhwala a insulin, muyenera kutsatira malamulo ofunika omwe wodwalayo ayenera kuphunzitsidwa kuchipatala. Zotsatira za tsiku lililonse za insulin ziyenera kukhala zazing'ono momwe mungathere, komanso zokulirapo.

Mlingo wa insulin mu jakisoni imodzi sayenera kupitirira 40 mayunitsi. Kumbukirani kuti milingo yaying'ono ya insulin imakhala ndi nthawi yochepa kwambiri kuposa waukulu.

Mu mkulu-ndende insulin (U-100), kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe, chifukwa, nthawi ya zochita za mankhwala amachepetsa pang'ono. Kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimapangidwira insulin kukonzekera kuyenera kuyenderana ndi kudya.

Pambuyo pakatha maola 2-3 (nsonga ya insulin yosavuta), wodwalayo amayeneranso kuluma. Pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a nthawi yayitali, wodwalayo ayenera kudya maola 4 aliwonse, komaliza maola awiri asanagone.

Kumbukirani kuti kukonzekera kwa insulin kwa anthu kumakhala ndi nthawi yochepa poyerekeza ndi nkhumba. Kuyamba mwachangu kwa zinthu zoterezi kumathandiza kuti jakisoni wodziwika bwino ndi mphindi 15 musanadye kapena ngakhale musanadye.

Ngati kawiri makonzedwe a insulin (jekeseni wachiwiri musanadye chakudya chamadzulo) amakhalabe akuthamanga kwambiri glycemia, muyenera kuyesa kubwezeretsa jakisoni wamadzulo wa insulin yayitali nthawi ina pambuyo pake (22.00-23.00). Pankhaniyi, musanadye chakudya chamadzulo, ndikofunikira kubaya insulini yophweka.

Malamulo othandizira kukonzekera insulini katatu amatanthauza kukhazikitsa mlingo wa 40-50% musanafike kadzutsa musanagone.

Ndionera mwachitsanzo chathu

M'mbuyomu, pomwe sindimadziwa chilichonse chokhudza chizindikirochi, timatha kudya shuga wambiri titatha kudya, ndipo pofika nthawi yomwe amayamba kupanga insulini, anali atatsika kale.

Ndimaganiza kuti insulini yochepa sinali yokwanira ndipo zonse zimawonjezera, ndikuwonjezera. Koma kenako ndinayamba kulingalira.

Shuga amabwerera pamlingo wake woyambirira komanso wotsikirapo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pali insulini yokwanira, chakudya chokha chimapeza insulini, ndipo glucose yemwe adalowetsedwa mwachangu sanatengeredwe ndi insulin.

Msambo wamagazi

Tiyerekeze kuti mukubwera chakudya chamadzulo ndi shuga ya 7.6 mmol / L. Ngati mupanga mtundu wa insulin mwachizolowezi ndikusunga kuchuluka kwa mphindi zanthawi ino, ndiye kuti mwina mutatha maola awiri mutatha kudya, shuga sangakusangalatseni.

Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa simunatenge kulungamitsidwa ndikuchepetsa ndipo simunathe kuyimilira nthawi yowonjezera yomwe gawo loyambilira lingagwere pazomwe mukufuna. Palinso vuto lina lomwe mulingo wochepera kuposa shuga wanu, koma si hypoglycemia.

Tsamba la jakisoni wa insulin

Mlingo wa mayamwidwe, chifukwa chake nthawi yovutikira insulini, zimatengera kusankha malo a jakisoni. Mimba imadziwika kuti ndi malo achangu kwambiri a insulin.

Ndiye chifukwa chake akulimbikitsidwa kuti madzulowo insulin imalowedwa nthawi yomweyo ndikuyamba kuchita zinthu kuti muchepetse kuchitapo kanthu, imirirani m'malo awa, makamaka m'chiuno (ngati zochitika zolimbitsa thupi sizingachitike). Timachita izi masana, chakudya chamadzulo masana ndi chakudya chamadzulo pamapewa, ndipo timakhala ndi m'mimba ndi ntchafu za insulin yowonjezera.

Pano, mwa lingaliro langa, ndi zinthu zonse, ngati mwayiwala kena kake, kumbukirani mu ndemanga. Dziwani kuchuluka komwe muyenera kudikirira pakati pa jakisoni wa insulin ndi chakudya, muyenera kuyesa komanso kulakwitsa. Ndangokuuzani zomwe muyenera kuganizira mukasankha nthawi yowonetsera.

Kodi ndi shuga uti omwe angafotokozere jakisoni wa insulin?

Mkulu wina wa glucose amapezeka m'magazi a munthu aliyense. Kupatuka panjira yokhazikika ya shuga mbali iliyonse kumawopseza zotsatira zoyipa. Chizindikiro chocheperako kuposa chisonyezo chochepa cha poyizoni chiphe thupi, komanso choposa kuchuluka kwake komwe kukuopseza matenda a shuga.

Aliyense amadziwa kuti ndikofunikira kusunga kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi. Munthu aliyense, atakula kale kapena ali ndi vuto lotengera kwa makolo, ayenera kumayesedwa pafupipafupi. Ndikwabwino kudziwa pasadakhale nthawi yomwe shuga imapangidwira, kuti popanda kuwafotokozera madotolowo kuti amvetsetse momwe akuwunikira.

Kuopa insulini

Anthu ambiri amayesetsa kuchedwetsa tsiku loti adzakhale mwamphamvu pa singano. Zachidziwikire, mu shuga mellitus, insulini ndikofunikira kwenikweni ndipo ndizabwino kuti nkotheka kuthandizira thupi motere.

Posakhalitsa, odwala onse omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 amakumana ndi vuto lomwe insulin imalembedwa. Izi zimathandiza osati kutalikitsa moyo, komanso kupewa zovuta zoyipa ndi zizindikiro za matendawa. Kuzindikiritsa mtundu wina kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa kuti mupatseni mankhwala oopsa, chifukwa sichingachitike.

Zinthu za insulin mthupi

Poyamba, zonse zidaganiziridwa mwatsatanetsatane m'thupi. Zikondamoyo zimagwira, momwe mumakhala maselo a beta apadera. Amayang'anira ntchito yopanga insulin. Kenako, amalipira matenda ashuga.

Madokotala samazindikira msanga matenda a insulin, amayesetsa kubwezeretsa thanzi m'njira zinanso. Mankhwala osiyanasiyana amatchulidwa, kusintha kwa moyo, odwala ayenera kutsatira kwambiri zakudya.

Zikakhala kuti palibe zotsatira zoyenera kapena, pakapita nthawi, njirazi zimasiya kugwira ntchito, ndiye kuti insulin ndiyofunikira kwa odwala matenda ashuga.

Zikondazo zimatha njira zachilengedwe chaka chilichonse ndipo ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa zizindikirazo kuti mudziwe nthawi yoyenera kusinthira insulini.

Chifukwa chiyani insulin imayamba kuyamwa

Pancreas wathanzi imagwira ntchito mosavomerezeka ndipo imatha kupanga insulin yokwanira. Komabe, pakapita nthawi, zimakhala zochepa kwambiri. Pali zifukwa zingapo izi:

• Shuga wambiri. Apa tikulankhula zakukwera kwakukulu kwa mamilimita 9,
• zolakwa zamankhwala, izi zitha kukhala mitundu yayikulu
• Mankhwala ambiri omwe amamwa.

Kuchulukana kwa glucose m'magazi kumakakamizidwa kufunsa funso kuti ngati ali ndi matenda ashuga, amapaka jakisoni, matenda ena amafunika jakisoni. Mwachilengedwe, ichi ndi insulin, yomwe ikusowa mu mawonekedwe a kapamba omwe amapangidwa, komabe, mlingo wa mankhwalawa komanso pafupipafupi pakukhazikitsa amatsimikiza ndi dokotala.

Kukula kwa matenda ashuga

Choyamba, muyenera kulabadira shuga yamagazi yambiri. Kale chizindikiritso choposa 6 mmol / l m'magazi chikusonyeza kuti ndikofunikira kusintha zakudya. Mofananamo, ngati chizindikirocho chikufika ndi zisanu ndi zinayi, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kuwonongeka.

Mlingo wofanana ndi shuga umatsala pang'ono kupha maselo a pancreatic beta a mtundu 2 shuga. Mkhalidwe uwu wa thupi umakhalanso ndi mawu akuti shuga.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ichi sichiri chizindikirocho pakuwongolera mwachangu kwa insulin, nthawi zambiri, madokotala amayesera njira zingapo zoyesera. Nthawi zambiri, zakudya komanso mankhwala amakono ambiri zimathandiza kuthana ndi vutoli.

Kutalika kwa insulini kumachedwa zimadalira pokhapokha pakutsatira malamulowo ndi wodwalayo komanso nzeru za dokotala aliyense.

Insulin

Pakakhala kuti palibe njira ina iliyonse, mukuyenera kuvomereza pakusankhidwa kwa madokotala.

Palibe chifukwa chomwe muyenera kukanira chifukwa choopa jakisoni, chifukwa popanda iwo thupi limangopitilira kugwa mwachangu kwambiri ndi matenda a mtunduwu.

Nthawi zambiri, atapatsidwa insulin, odwala amatha kuchotsa majakisoni ndikubwerera pamapiritsi, izi zimachitika ngati zingatheke kuti maselo a beta agwire ntchito m'magazi ndipo sanamwalire.

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuwona kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa jakisoni momveka bwino, izi zingakhale zochepa kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa kamodzi kokha patsiku.

Zida zamakono zimakupatsani mwayi wopangira jakisoni wosabala kwambiri komanso wopanda ululu wamtunduwu. Awa si ma syringe wamba wamba okhala ndi singano yocheperako, koma ngakhale zolembera zapadera.

Nthawi zambiri mokwanira, ingodzazani ndikumangoyika ndikanikizani batani kuti mankhwalawo ali m'magazi.

Ndikofunika kuyang'anira malo omwe muyenera kubaya mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Awa ndi mikono, miyendo, matako, komanso mmimba, kupatula malo ozungulira navel. Pali malo ambiri komwe kuli koyenera kupereka jakisoni palokha. Izi ndizofunikira kwa odwala omwe sangakwanitse kulandira chithandizo chamanesi kapena omwe akufuna kuyima pawokha momwe angathere.

Zabodza zokhudza insulin ndi chowonadi

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga, insulin imayikidwa pafupipafupi, aliyense posachedwa amva mawu owopsa kuchokera kwa dokotala kuti tsopano mankhwalawa azikhala ndi jakisoni wa mankhwalawa. Wodwala aliyense pofika nthawi imeneyi wawerenga kale nkhani zowopsa, ndipo mwina wawona kuti manja ake ali ndi ziwalo zambiri. Nthawi zambiri zimakhudzana ndi insulin m'magazi.

M'malo mwake, muyenera kukumbukira komwe insulini yotsika magazi enieniwo imaperekedwa, nthawi zambiri iyi ndi gawo lovuta kwambiri pamene maselo a pancreatic adalandira poizoni ndipo amasiya kugwira ntchito. Ndi thandizo lawo kuti glucose afikire ziwalo zamkati ndikupereka mphamvu.

Popanda mapuloteni awa, thupi silingakhalepo, chifukwa ngati ma cell a beta samatulutsanso insulini, mukungofunika kuti mupeze jakisoni, palibe njira ina ndipo simuyenera kuyesa kupewa mankhwalawa. Poizoni amaperekedwa ndendende ndi chisonyezo cha shuga, osati ndi insulin, komanso, ngakhale vuto la mtima kapena sitiroko ndi zomwe zingachitike poyambira kuphedwa.

Pakuwunika bwino uphungu wonse wa dokotala komanso chithandizo chamankhwala, wodwalayo amatha kukhala ndi moyo nthawi yayitali komanso amakhala ndi malingaliro abwino.

Kufunika kwa Mlingo

Pa chithandizo cha insulin cha matenda a shuga, nthawi zambiri odwala amadwala amakumana ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana. Komabe, zinthu izi zimawoneka ndendende chifukwa cha shuga, osati chifukwa cha mankhwalawo pawokha.

Nthawi zambiri, anthu amangotsatira mlingo wowerengeka womwe adokotala amawauza, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti akupitilizabe kusunga shuga pamwambamwamba.

Osawopa, dokotala waluso sangapereke mankhwala ochulukirapo kuti abweretse ochepa shuga.

Mavuto akulu amatha kubwera chifukwa chokana insulin kapena kuphwanya Mlingo:

• Zilonda pamapazi, zomwe pambuyo pake zimatsogolera ngakhale kuti ndikadulidwa, pali minofu necrosis, imfa imayendera limodzi ndi kupweteka kwambiri,
• khungu, shuga limakhala ngati poizoni m'maso,
• Kuchepa kwa impso kapena ngakhale kulephera kwa impso,
• kugunda kwa mtima ndi stroko.

Zonsezi ndi njira zosasinthika. Ndikofunikira kuti ndiyambe kumwa insulini munthawi yake, ndikuwonetsetsa kuchuluka kwa jakisoni ndi mlingo wake.

Zotsatira za insulin

Pali zikhulupiriro zambiri zabodza kuzungulira insulin. Ambiri a iwo ndi mabodza komanso kukokomeza. Inde, jakisoni watsiku ndi tsiku amabweretsa mantha, ndipo maso ake ndi akulu. Komabe, pali choona chimodzi choona. Kwenikweni ndikuti insulin imatsogolera ku chidzalo. Zowonadi, mapuloteni awa okhala ndi moyo wongokhala amatsogolera ku kuwonjezeka, koma amatha motero.

Onetsetsani kuti muli ndi matenda otere. Pankhaniyi, kusunthaku ndi njira yabwino yopeweretsera kukwanira, komanso kuthandizanso kudzutsanso chikondi cha moyo ndikusokoneza zovuta zokhudzana ndi kuzindikira kwanu.

Ndikofunikanso kukumbukira kuti insulin siyimasungidwa chakudyacho. Ngakhale shuga atakhala wabwinobwino, nthawi zonse muyenera kukumbukira kuti mumakonda matendawa ndipo simungathe kumasuka ndikulola china chilichonse kuwonjezedwa pachakudya.

Mankhwala ochepetsa shuga: magazi. Mndandanda, mawonekedwe othandizira

Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lachiwiri la matenda a shuga a chellitus nthawi zambiri amatha kuchita popanda insulini - matenda awo amatha kuwongolera ndi mapiritsi a mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga. Koma kwa odwala matenda ashuga okhala ndi mtundu woyamba wa I, njira yabwino yosankhidwa ndi insulin ndiye chipulumutso chachikulu. Muphunzira za mitundu ya ma insulini, zomwe zimachitika, mfundo zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito ndi mfundo zina zofunika kuchokera m'nkhaniyi.

Cholinga chachikulu pakuthandizira matenda a shuga ndikuwongolera (m'munsi) kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Ichi ndi chizindikiritso chomwe chimadziwika ndi kuyenera kwa kayendedwe ka matenda, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zimakhudza mwachindunji zakutsogolo komanso mtundu wa moyo wa wodwalayo.

Inde, pakati pa njira zochepetsera shuga wamagazi, kudya mokwanira komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndizofunikira kwambiri, komabe, monga momwe masewera amasonyezera, izi nthawi zambiri sizikhala zokwanira.

Ndipo apa, mankhwala apadera amathandizira adokotala ndi odwala, zotsatira zake zazikulu ndizakuti kuchepa kwamagazi a shuga.

Pali magulu awiri akuluakulu a mankhwalawa: mankhwala a insulin ndi pakamwa a hypoglycemic.

Gulu la insulin

Bovine, nkhumba, ndi insulin yaumwini imabisidwa, kutengera magawo awo. Mitundu iwiri yoyambirira sigwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano. Chachitatu, makamaka chopezeka pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje obadwa nawo, ndicho chisankho choyamba cha mankhwala a insulin.

Malinga ndi kutalika kwa kuchitapo, pali:

• IUD - owonjezera omwe amagwira ntchito mwachidule,
• ICD - ma insulin osakhalitsa,
• ISD - mankhwala a nthawi yayitali pochita,
• IDD - kuchitapo kanthu
• ma insulin ophatikizika (amakhala ndi insulini yamaudindo osiyanasiyana).

Mfundo zoyenera kuchita ndi insulin ndi zotsatira zake

Insulin ndi mahomoni a polypeptide. Nthawi zambiri, mu β-maselo a kapamba amene amayambira amapangika - ma proinsulin, omwe C-peptide imayikidwa ndikupanga insulin.Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa glucose wamagazi, kukwiya kwa mitsempha ya vagus, komanso motsogozedwa ndi zinthu zina zingapo, njira zomwe zimatulutsira insulini zimayambitsidwa.

Mwa kumangiriza ku cholandirira pa membrane wa selo lomwe likuyang'aniridwa, timadzi timene timayamba kugwira ntchito, ndikuwonetsa mphamvu zake:

• kutsika kwa shuga m'magazi (kumapangitsa kuti mayamwidwe azikhala ndi minofu, kumalepheretsa mapangidwe ake mkati mwa thupi kuzinthu zina),
• amachititsa kaphatikizidwe ka glycogen,
• amalepheretsa mapangidwe a matupi a ketone,
• amaletsa mapangidwe a glucose kuchokera ku mankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito chakudya,
• imayambitsa mapangidwe a lipoprotein ochepa kwambiri ndi triglycerides,
• imayambitsa kapangidwe ka mapuloteni osiyanasiyana,
• imathandizira kupanga glycogen, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamphamvu zathupi,
• amalepheretsa kuwonongeka kwa mafuta, imayambitsa kupanga kwa mafuta acids kuchokera ku chakudya.

Momwe insulin yakunja imachitikira mthupi

Njira yayikulu yoyendetsera insulin ndi yodutsa, koma pangozi zadzidzidzi, kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino, mankhwalawa amatha kulowa mu minofu kapena mtsempha.

Kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe m'thupi la malo ophatikizira subcutaneous kumadalira malo a jakisoni, mtundu ndi mlingo wa mankhwalawo, kuchuluka kwa kayendedwe ka magazi ndi ntchito ya minofu m'dera la jakisoni, komanso potsatira njira ya jakisoni.

• Ma insulin okhala ndi yocheperako pang'ono amakhala otengedwa mwachangu kwambiri ndipo ali mkati mwa mphindi 10-20 pambuyo pa kubayidwa kwa jakisoni. Amagwira kwambiri pambuyo pa mphindi 30-180 (kutengera mankhwala). Zovomerezeka kwa maola 3-5.
• Zotsatira za insulin zazifupi zimachitika mphindi 30-45 pambuyo poyang'anira. Kuchuluka kwa zochitika ndikuchokera ku 1 mpaka maola 4, kutalika kwake ndi maola 5-8.
• Kutalika kwa insulin kumatenga pang'onopang'ono kuchokera m'malo a jakisoni ndikuthandizira kuchepa kwa shuga m'magawo awiri pambuyo poti jekeseni wa subcutaneous. Kuchuluka kwa zomwe zalembedwa mkati mwa maola 4-12, kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa ndi masiku 0.5-1.
• Insulin yokhala ndi nthawi yayitali imayamba kugwira ntchito pambuyo pa maola 1-6 pambuyo pothandizidwa ndi mankhwalawa, imachepetsa shuga chimodzimodzi - kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa ambiri sikufotokozeredwa, kumatenga mpaka maola 24, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale jekeseni wa mankhwala kamodzi kokha patsiku.

"Khalidwe" la insulin m'thupi pambuyo makonzedwe limakhudzidwanso ndi:

• Mlingo wa mankhwalawa (ndikachulukirapo, mankhwalawa amayamba kucheperachepera nthawi yayitali)
• gawo la thupi lomwe jekeseni adapangira (m'mimba, mayamwidwe ndiwambiri, m'mapewa pang'ono, m'matumbo a ntchafu ngakhale pang'ono),
• Njira yoyendetsera (mwa jakisoni wotsekemera, mankhwalawa amamwetsedwera pang'onopang'ono kuposa momwe amapaka jekeseni minofu, koma amakhala motalikirapo),
• kutentha kwa minofu m'dera loyang'anira (ngati liwonjezereka, kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe kumawonjezeka),
• lipomas kapena lipodystrophy ya zimakhala (pazomwe zili, werengani pansipa),
• ntchito ya kutikita minofu kapena minofu (njira zoyamwa zimathandizira).

M'mayiko ena, akatswiri amafufuza za insulin pokonzekera njira zomwe wodwala angagwiritse ntchito mosavuta. Chifukwa chake, ku US mumakhala insulini yothandizira pakhungu. Imayamba kuchita pambuyo pa mphindi 30 (zomwe zikufanana ndi IUD), nsonga ya zochitika imadziwika pambuyo pafupifupi maola awiri, nthawi yake imakhala mpaka maola 8 (omwe ali ofanana ndi ICD).

Zizindikiro zogwiritsidwa ntchito

Mankhwala a insulin angafunike kwa wodwalayo pazinthu zotsatirazi:

• adawonetsa mtundu wa shuga wotchedwa I,
• wapezeka ndi ketoacidosis ya zovuta zilizonse,
• ali ndi vuto la matenda ashuga, hyperosmolar kapena lactic acidosis,
• matenda oopsa a purulent amachitika
• ndi matenda osakhazikika a pachimake, akudwala kwambiri,
• pamaso pamavuto a shuga, makamaka zotupa zam'mimba zomwe zimalepheretsa thupi kugwira ntchito,
• ngati wodwala amamwa mankhwala a hypoglycemic pakamwa, koma mlingo wawo wokwanira, ngakhale kuphatikiza zakudya, samakhala ndi zotsatira zoyenera (kusala shuga m'magazi oposa 8 mmol / l, glycosylated hemoglobin woposa 7.5%),
• m'mavuto owopsa a cerebrovascular (str stroke),
• ndi myocardial infaration,
• pa kuchitapo kanthu pochita opaleshoni, makamaka, kapamba (kuchotsedwa kwa kapamba),
• ndi kuchepa kwambiri kwamphamvu kwa thupi la wodwalayo.

Mankhwala a insulin

Pali njira ziwiri zopangira insulin mu matenda a shuga:

1. Zachikhalidwe. Chomwe chimagona pakukhazikitsa tsiku lililonse mankhwala a insulini (ofanana) pafupifupi nthawi zambiri (kawirikawiri 1-2). Zosakanikirana zakonzedwa zazifupi ndi zapakatikati zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndi 2/3 ya mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku womwe umaperekedwa m'mawa, ndipo wotsalira asanadye chakudya chamadzulo. Izi siziwathandiza anthu akhama, popeza milingo ya mankhwalawa ndi yokhazikika ndipo wodwala alibe mwayi wowasintha. Amawonetsedwa kwa okalamba, ogona komanso odwala olumala.
2. Zoyambira kwenikweni (zolimba). Chimafanana ndi kutulutsa kwathupi kwa insulin. Zofunikira zake zimaperekedwa ndi jakisoni wam'mawa ndi madzulo a insulin, ndipo wodwalayo amaperekanso insulin yochepa asanadye. Amawerengera yekha mlingo wake womaliza, molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga wamagazi ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu omwe azigwiritsa ntchito. Ndilo chiwembu ichi chomwe chimalepheretsa kukula kwa zovuta za matenda ashuga ndikukulolani kuti muzitha kuthana ndi matendawa. Inde, pamafunikira maphunziro a wodwala asanachitike.

Kufunika kwa insulin tsiku ndi tsiku kumatsimikiziridwa payekha kwa wodwala kutengera gawo la matendawo ndi zina zina.

Insulin imalowetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zapadera - insulin - syringes kapena syringe pens. Kuti mankhwalawa akhale othandiza, wodwalayo ayenera kukhala ndi njira ya jakisoni, komanso ayenera kumvetsetsa malamulo otsatirawa:

• insulini yocheperako yocheperako iyenera kuperekedwa nthawi yomweyo isanadye (ngati mphindi iyi yasowa, sinachedwe kupanga jakisoni ndi chakudya)
• insulin yochepa imaperekedwa kwa theka la ola kapena ola limodzi asanadye,
• Jakisoni wa ICD amachitika mwakuya kwamatumbo am'mimba, ndipo ISD imalowetsa ntchafu kapena matako, minofu imalowetsedwa kwambiri ndi zala, singano imayikidwa pakona pa madigiri 45 kapena 90,
• Kutentha kwa yankho musanakonzere kuyenera kukhala mkati mwa kutentha kwa chipinda,
• musanagwiritse mankhwala mu syringe, muyenera kugwedeza bwino,
• popewa kukula kwa lipodystrophy, jakisoni imachitika tsiku lililonse m'malo atsopano, koma mkati mwake.

Ngati, motsutsana ndi maziko a mankhwalawa a insulin, sizingatheke kulipirira matendawa, mapampu omwe amatchedwa insulin amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amawonetsetsa kuti insulini ikupitirirabe.

Contraindication kuti insulin mankhwala

Contraindication kwa jakisoni wa insulin ndi osakwatiwa. Uku ndi kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi - hypoglycemia, komanso kusakanikirana ndi mankhwala ena ake a insulin kapena chilichonse chomwe chimapanga.

Insulin yomwe ili mkati mwake imakhala yovuta kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo sikuloledwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi mbiri ya ana, komanso matenda ena am'mapapo - bronchitis, emphysema, mphumu ya bronchial. Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwalawa amaphatikizidwa kwa odwala omwe amasuta m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yapitayo.

Zotsatira zoyipa za insulin

Zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri za insulin mankhwala ndi hypoglycemia. Zimachitika ngati wodwala:

• amayambitsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa.
• molakwika kuvulaza insulini (mu minofu, osati mwanjira ina),
• amathamangira chakudya chotsatira kapena kuwononga,
• otsika mafuta
• kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi osakonzekera,
• amamwa mowa wambiri.

Komanso, wodwalayo amatha kudwala matenda ena, makamaka:

• kunenepa kwambiri (ndi zakudya zosayenera pamaziko a mankhwala a insulin),
• thupi lawo siligwirizana (nthawi zambiri amalembedwa poyambira kukhazikitsa insulin m'thupi - pankhani iyi, ndikofunikira kusamutsa wodwala kupita ku insulin yaumunthu, ngati ziwopsezo zimamuyambitsa, mankhwala sangathe, izi zimathetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito antihistamines kapena glucocorticosteroids),
• kutupa kwa miyendo yomwe imawoneka yokha kapena kutha yokha (ingachitike m'milungu yoyamba ya mankhwala a insulin chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa thupi lama sodium ion),
• kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe (khazikikani mwa odwala ambiri atangoyamba mankhwala a insulin, chifukwa chake ndikusintha kwa kusintha kwa mandala, kupenya kwamtunduwu kumachitika popanda chithandizo mkati mwa masabata 2-3),
• lipodystrophy (atrophy kapena hypertrophy ya subcutaneous mafuta, choyambirira chosinthira cha pathology sichikupezeka konse lero, chachiwiri chimayamba chifukwa cha jakisoni wa insulin tsiku lililonse pamalo omwewo, izi sizongolimbana ndi zodzikongoletsera, zimakhudzanso kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa (amachepetsa kuchepa kwa mankhwala) ),
• abscesses (sizipezeka kawirikawiri pamene michere ya pyogenic ilowa pansi pakhungu, khungu lomwe limapezeka m'thupi la mankhwalawo liyenera kukhala loyera, koma chithandizo ndi mankhwala opha majeremusi sichifunika.

Ma insulin okhala ndi inshuwaransi amatha kuyambitsa michere ya minyewa ya m'mapapo ndikuwonjezera kukakamiza m'matumbo awo, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwamapapu, komanso kuyankha kwa chitetezo chathupi kwa insulin (kupanga ma antibodies kwa iwo).

Kuchita kwa insulin ndi mankhwala ena

Zotsatira za mankhwalawa zidzafotokozedwanso limodzi ndi kagwiritsidwe kake kamodzi ndi gulu la hypoglycemic, antihypertensive mankhwala a gulu la beta-blockers, Mowa.

Kuchepetsa mphamvu ya insulini, kuonjezera mwayi wa kuchuluka kwa ma protein a hyperglycemia glucocorticosteroid.

Ma insulin omwe amapanga nthawi yayitali amakhala ndi:

• glulisin (Apidra),
• Aspart (mayina amalonda - NovoRapid Penfill kapena Flexpen),
• lispro (Humalog).

Ma insulin achidule:

• soluble human genetic engineering (Biosulin, Gensulin, Insuman, Actrapid NM, Insuran, Humodar),
• sungunuka wa semisynthetic wa anthu (Brinsulrapi, Humodar P 100, Berlsulin N wabwinobwino U-40 ndi ena).

Insuluta Yapakatikati:

• isofan (Berlsulin N H Basal U-40, Isofan-Insulin World Cup, Humodar B 100),
• kuyimitsidwa kwa zinc-insulin (Monotard MS, Insulong SPP, Insulin Tape "XO-S").

Ma insulin omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali amaphatikizapo:

• Glargine (Lantus, Tugeo SoloStar),
• degludec (Tresiba Penfill, Tresiba FlexTouch),
• chinyengo (Levemir Penfill kapena Flexpen).

• insulin aspart biphasic (NovoMix 30 kapena 50 Flexpen kapena penfill),
• Lyspro insulin biphasic (Humalog Remix 25 kapena 50).

Dokotala uti kuti mulumikizane

Dokotala wa endocrinologist amapereka mankhwala a insulin ndipo amawunika momwe amathandizira. Pankhani yodalirika ya matendawa, shuga wabwinobwino wamwazi, komanso kusapezeka kwa zovuta, wodwalayo amatha kuthandizidwa ndi akatswiri othandizira odwala.

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga komanso abale awo amalimbikitsidwa kwambiri kuti apite ku Sukulu ya Matenda A shuga, kalasi yopangidwa ndi madokotala ophunzitsidwa bwino. Pamenepo mutha kufunsa mafunso aliwonse okhudza matendawa ndikuphunzira momwe mungawathandizire.

Chofunika kwambiri ndi maphunziro a makolo a mwana yemwe wapezeka ndi matenda a shuga.

Pomaliza

Chimodzi mwamagulu ofunikira kwambiri a mankhwala omwe amasintha moyo wa munthu yemwe akudwala matenda a shuga ndi insulin.

Amatsitsa shuga m'magazi pomwe mapiritsi satha kuthana ndi mankhwala ochepetsa shuga. Mankhwala a insulin ndi sayansi yonse, ndipo munthu aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuidziwa bwino.

Inde, pali "mabowo" - zovuta, koma mwayi wakukula kwawo ungachepetsedwa kwambiri pakuwona malamulo ena.

Masiku ano, nthawi zambiri, insulin imayendetsedwa pansi pa khungu la wodwalayo.Pali njira yatsopano yoyendetsera mankhwalawa - kupuma, koma idali pakadali kafukufuku ndipo sipanagwiritsidwe ntchito kulikonse padziko lapansi.

Muyenera kuti mwaphunzira zambiri zokhudzana ndi ma insulini munkhaniyi, ndipo lotsatira tikambirana za gulu lachiwiri la mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi - othandizira pakamwa.

Insulin Sichepetsa shuga | Diadeti

Nthawi zina zimachitika kuti jakisoni waifupi kapena wa ultrashort insulin samachepetsa shuga m'magazi, mwachizolowezi, koma amachita kwambiri kapena ayi. Tiyeni tiwone zifukwa zingapo zomwe zingayambitse izi.

Choyamba, yang'anani vial kapena cartridge yokhala ndi insulin pamtundu kuti muwonetsetse kuti mulibe mitambo. Mutha kuyerekezera ndi insulin yatsopano yopanda mtundu womwewo kuti mutsimikizire. Insulin iliyonse, kupatula pafupifupi NPH-insulin (protafan), imayenera kukhala yowala bwino komanso yowonekera, ngati madzi.

Ngati ali ndi mitambo pang'ono, zikutanthauza kuti walephera pang'ono kuchepetsa shuga. Osagwiritsa ntchito insulin yotere, ichotseni ndikuisintha mwatsopano. Momwemonso, insulini siyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati idasungika mwangozi, kuwundana ndi kutentha kwambiri kapena kugona kunja kwa firiji kwa miyezi yopitilira 3.

Makamaka kutentha kwaposachedwa 37 digiri Celsius kumakhudza Levemir ndi Lantus.

Mitundu ya insulin yocheperako kapena ya ultrashort imalimbana nayo kwambiri, koma imafunikanso kusungidwa molondola.

Zolakwika zimakhala ndi matenda ashuga. Kudumpha jakisoni ndi insulin, kubweza ndikungokhala osagona usiku

Usiku sunagone chifukwa cha zolakwika ziwiri. Zomwezi ndizofunikira kwa makolo onse a novice a ana omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Choyipa choyamba. Palibe chifukwa chake mutengere insulin ndi syringe kuchokera ku kuchuluka kwa cholembera!

Vutoli liziwoneka kuti likuwonekeratu, koma likufunika kumvekeredwa. Mwana akadali wocheperako, ndiye kuti mankhwalawa ndi ochepa. Mapensulo amtundu wa insulin amalola insulin kuti ivulidwe ndikulondola kwa gawo limodzi.

Kulondola koteroko nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosakwanira kwa ana, ndizomwe takumana nazo: ndi 1 unit ya insulin - shuga imalumphira, ndi 2 - pansi ndipo muyenera kuwayeza pafupipafupi kuti musagwire hypoglycemia. Tinaganiza zoyesa kumenya 1.

Magawo asanu a insulin yayifupi (tili ndi Humulin R), yomwe adagula phukusi la syringes yodziwika bwino (pogwiritsa ntchito cholembera chokha, ndikukukumbutsani kuti simungathe kulowa pazigawo).

Kodi insulin ingatenge kuti? Tsegulani zochulukirapo? Pepani. Zinkawoneka zanzeru kumangoyimba muyezo womwe ungafunikire ndi syringe kuchokera ku ampoule yomwe yaikidwapo kale mu cholembera. Ndikulembanso motalikirapo: NGAKHALE KUTI SITIYENSE PA CHIYANI CHONSE. Ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito ma syringe ndi ma syringe panjira limodzi, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ma puroules awiri osiyana!

Zomwe zidalipira zolakwika. Iwo adachotsa singano ku cholembera, amatenga muyeso wa 1.5 ndi syringe ya nkhomaliro. Chilichonse chiri bwino, koma sanazindikire kuti atamwa mankhwalawo kuchokera ku cholembera, kuponderezana kumamu kunatsika, ndiye kuti, cholembera cha cholembera sichitha.

Chifukwa chake, sitinangopereka mankhwala a insulin madzulo osazindikira! Piston amangoyenda, osafinya kalikonse pansi pakhungu, ngakhale insulin, ngakhale mpweya. Tidali otsimikiza kuti zonse zili bwino, mutha kudya, choncho tidapereka chakudya chamadzulo ndi chakudya pambuyo pa maola awiri.

Ndipo, asanagone, anayeza ndi kudabwitsidwa pamene anawona shuga wopitilira 20! Kuchokera kuti?! Tisiyeni tizinike, kaya ndi "kutulutsa" kuchokera ku "gip" wosadziwika (mwana wanga wamkazi adagona nthawi yayitali asanadye), kapena china. Guipa sanaphatikizidwe m'njira yovomerezeka: kuyeza shuga mumkodzo.

Ndikukumbutseni: ngati pali shuga mumkodzo mutangopeza shuga wambiri, ndipo theka la ola palibe shuga mu mkodzo watsopano, izi zikutanthauza kuti panali kubwereranso kwina kuchokera ku hypoglycemia. Tinali ndi shuga. Ndidatenga cholembera ndikuyesa kutulutsa mayunitsi angapo mumlengalenga. Ayi! Ndipo zowonekerazo zidadza.

Apanso za kulakwitsa koyamba. ASATSITSE INSULIN KUCHOKA KUMAPETO SYRINGE HANDLES.

Chifukwa chomwe zakukhathamira zotsekemera zinali zotsimikizika, koma choti achite? Imbani endocrinologist? Padutsa theka teni usiku ...

Adayamba kukayikira endocrinologist wotchedwa Intaneti. Kodi muyenera kuchita chiyani ngati mutaphonya jakisoni wa insulin? Koti muthawireni ngati makolowo ndi opusa ndipo sakudziwa malamulo a sayansi ndipo amatenga insulin mwachindunji kuchokera ku cholembera? Kodi ndizotheka kutulutsira insulin yocheperako pambuyo pake, ndiye kuti, mutadya?

Izi ndi zomwe zidachitika. Ndilemba zomwe mungachite kuti mukhale ndi zoyenera, osati kwa ife tokha.

1) Ngati kuwombera kwa insulin yayitali kubayidwa, komwe kumabayidwa kamodzi patsiku (lantus), ndiye kuti simukufunika kuti mupeze jakisoni pa ola limodzi, muyenera kuyesetsa kulipirira kusowa kwa insulin yoyamba pakuchita zolimbitsa thupi patsiku: kuyenda kwambiri, masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndi zina zambiri, kuwotcha shuga owonjezera mwachilengedwe: kuwonjezera zochita zolimbitsa thupi.

2) Ngati kuwombera kwa insulin ya nthawi yayitali kubayidwa, komwe kumabayidwa kawiri patsiku (Humulin NPH, Protofan ndi zina), ndiye kuti theka la mwaphonya liyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuwombera kosoweka. Sindinaphunzire tsatanetsataneyu, chifukwa siife amene.

3) Ngati kuwombera kwa insulin yochepa sikusowa, ndipo mumaganizira nthawi yomweyo mutatha kudya kapena mkati mwa ola limodzi kapena awiri mutatha. Pankhaniyi, tikulimbikitsidwanso kuti tizilimbitsa muyeso womwe taphonya, ndikuchepetsa nthawi yomwe mwaphonya.

Ndiye kuti, monga momwe ndikumvera, ngati mutha kudya mutangodya, mutha kupaka jakisoni wathunthu (kapena kuchepetsa pang'ono), ndikulipira "chosagwirizana" ndi kadzutsonono pambuyo pake (kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwa insulin yayifupi).

4) Ngati jakisoni wa inshuwaransi ya bolus yakusowa, ndipo izi zidamveka maola angapo mutatha kudya (monga ife). Potere, makamaka ngati shuga amachoka pamlingo, amathandizidwanso kubayitsa insulin yayifupi, koma muyezo wochepetsedwa kwambiri. Kuthana ndi hyperglycemia.

Ndipo apa tidalakwitsa kachiwiri. Kapena kodi ndikulakwitsa.

Tinalowetsa gawo la insulini potulutsa singano pambuyo pa masekondi 5 (m'malo 10), tikuyembekeza kuti mwanjira imeneyi mutenga theka, kapena, kapena gawo laling'ono. Koma sanazindikire kuti nthawi yolondera inali pafupifupi 12 usiku.

Tidalowetsa 23:40. Mwana wanga wamkazi anali wokwiya, kulumpha (chabwino, shuga kwambiri, mphamvu zowonjezera). Galloped, vilated, kuti abweretse 20-ku. (Pambuyo pake ndidaphunzira kuti ndi shuga wambiri kotero ndizosatheka kuti muchepetse masewera olimbitsa thupi - MM pambuyo pa mwezi). Kenako anagona ndipo anagona. Mkazi nawonso.

Ndipo ndili ponseponse ndipo ndayamba kuwerenga nkhaniyo pa intaneti mozama, ndikuwona kuti penapake pali vuto.

Malingaliro osavuta akuti chakudya chamadzulo ndi chakudya chamadzulo chimatha kale, ndipo zotsalira za shuga kuchokera kuzakudyazi zimazimitsidwa mwachangu, koma patatha maola awiri (pafupifupi pakati pa usiku wa 2 ndi 3!), Insulin ikanayamba kugwira ntchito kwathunthu ndipo titha kupeza hypoglycemia yamphamvu yosadziwika. Ndipo kenako zidayamba kukhala zowopsa kotero kuti maloto onsewo adasowa penapake.

Ndikhazikitsa alamu kwa mausiku awiri nditha. Zotsatira zake, iwo sanagone kwambiri usiku, kumayeza shuga theka lililonse la ola kapena ola, kuti asaphonye mawaya. Ndilemba zomwe mwapeza, ndikuganiza kuti zitha kudzakhala zothandiza kwa ine komanso kwa aliyense amene ayang'ana patsamba ili pofunafuna yankho lavutoli.

Chifukwa chake, tidaphonya jakisoni wamadzulo wa insulin, kudya kawiri popanda insulin (ndikuganiza kuti ndi).

1) Pa 19:30 shuga anali 8.0 Anayeza musanadye chakudya chamadzulo kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamomwechi. Chabwino, chabwino, pafupifupi chizolowezi chathu mpaka pano kulumpha shuga. "Jekeseni" (osadziwa kuti insulini siliyendetsedwe) magawo awiri a insulin, akuyembekeza kuti akhale ndi chakudya chamadzulo. Tinadya chakudya chamadzulo, titatha maola awiri tinali ndi chakudya. Chilichonse chimakhala ngati kuti insulin yagwiritsidwa ntchito.

2) 23:10. Tinaganiza zoyeza ngati titha kukagona ndipo modzidzimutsa tawona shuga 21.5 mol! Mumvetsetsa zifukwa zake (onani pamwambapa). Adayamba kuganiza ndikuyang'ana choti achite. Ndinaganiza kuti tiziyeza mu theka la ola ndipo ngati pali kuchepa, ndiye kuti tiyenera kusanza bwino, kupita kokagona ndikugona. Mwina inali yolondola? (ayi, sichoncho! - MM atatha mwezi umodzi)

3) 23:40. Timaziyezanso - 21.6 Ndiye kuti, zimakwera! Tisankha kudula chimodzi.

4) 01:10 Usiku. Timayeza magazi a mwana wamkazi wogona.6.9! Ndiye kuti, mu ola limodzi ndi theka shuga adatsika ndi magawo oposa 14! Ndipo nsonga zakuchitapo kanthu sizinayambe. Zimakhala zowopsa pang'ono.

5) 01:55 Timayeza: 3.5! Mu mphindi makumi anayi ndi zisanu - kawiri! Kuyambira 6.9 mpaka 3.5. Ndipo nsonga yantchito ya insulin idayamba! Pochita mantha timadzutsa mwana wanga wamkazi ndi kutipangira madzi akumwa ndikudya makeke. Mwanayo amagona, amawuma magalamu 30-50 amadzimadzi kumapeto kwake ndikukukutira chiwindi china kuti "makolo oyipa, omwe samudyetsa kapena kum'gwirira pakati pausiku," achotse. Osakanidwa.

6) 02:21 S shuga: 5.1. Phew! Madzi okhala ndi ma cookies adagwira ntchito. Zabwino. Timalinganiza kuyesanso, ngati zitsika, ndiye kuti tidyetsabe.

7) 02:51 Shuga: 5.3. Zabwino. Zochita za insulin yochepa zimatha. Timalumikizidwa.

8) 06:10. M'mawa Tikuyang'ana. Shuga: 4.7. Osati chachikulu, koma osati choyipa. Kodi mudakwanitsa? ... "Tikuyenera kuwonanso mu ola lina, kuti tisasiye kutsutsa ..." Koma palibe mphamvu. Timalumikizidwa.

9) 9:00. Popewa kuyerekezera kwam'mawa, pafupifupi theka la eyiti adapereka uchi kwa mwana wamkazi wagona pamutu wa supuni. Zotsatira zake, nthawi ya 9 a.m. mita ikuwonetsa kupendekera kwapadera kwa 8.00 mol. Ndiye kuti, ngakhale uchi wocheperako wotere unadzutsa shuga kuchokera pa 4 mpaka 8!

Zonse Zikuwoneka kuti zalimbana ndi vuto loyamba limodzi (losowa insulini usiku). Pa mtengo wa kugona osagona komanso mitsempha ya makolo ndi zala za mwana wamkazi yemwe ndi wokalamba kwambiri.

Kodi anachita molondola? Kapena munayenera kuthamanga, kudumpha kuti mwanjira ina mugwe pansi, kenako kugona usiku wonse ndi mashuga ambiri? Kodi zinali zolakwika kubaya Inesulin usiku, kuyesera kulipirira zomwe zinasowa? Sindikudziwa.

Koma ndikhulupilira kuti zomwe tafotokozazi zitha kuthandiza wina kuti apange chisankho chanzeru pazotheka.

Moyo wa alumali ndi malo osungira

Choyamba, tisaiwale kuti insulin, monga mankhwala ena aliwonse ali ndi tsiku lotha ntchito. Phukusi kuchokera ku gawo la mahomoni, tsiku lenileni la kumaliza kwake ndi zizindikiro zofananira, zomwe zili zovomerezeka kale kuyambira pakutsegulira, zimasonyezedwa nthawi zonse. Ayenera kukumbukiridwa kapena kuonana ndi endocrinologist. Kupanda kutero, sikuti njira yongobwerera yokha siyotheka, komanso kupezeka kwa zovuta zina.

Kuphatikiza apo, mawonekedwe ake, ngakhale atakhala ndi moyo wapamwamba kwambiri, amatha kuwonongeka ngati malamulo osungira satsatiridwa. Polankhula za izi, akatswiri amalabadira kuzizira, kutentha kwambiri ndi kuwunika mwachindunji - zonsezi zimalimbikitsidwa kwambiri kuti musamale. Ndikofunika kulabadira kuti mawonekedwe ake ayenera kusungidwa pokhapokha kutentha. Tikulankhula za chizindikiro cha kutentha kuyambira madigiri 20 mpaka 22.

Kusungidwa kwa insulini mufiriji ndikosafunanso, chifukwa chinthu choterocho, ngati chikuyambitsidwa, chimachedwa. Nthawi zina ichi ndi chifukwa chake insulin siyitsitsa magazi.

Mawu ochepa za syringe pensulo

Kugwiritsa ntchito zolembera za syringe sikumayambitsa mafunso ambiri kwa odwala matenda ashuga okhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu, ngakhale amachita zokha komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ntchito. Koposa zonse, ndikofunikira kuti mutsatire malamulo osakanikirana a insulin. Kuti tichite izi, ndikofunikira kutembenuza mozungulira ndi singano kasanu mpaka kasanu ndi kawiri.

Pogwiritsa ntchito cholembera, kulowetsedwa kwa mpweya kuyeneranso kupewedwa ngati kungatheke. Chowonadi ndi chakuti izi zimathandizira kukulitsa nthawi ya jakisoni wa insulin chifukwa cha kuwundana kwambiri kwa mpweya. Zotsatira za izi ndikuti singano imatha kuchotsedwa gawo lonse lazinthu zamahomoni zisanatuluke.

Kwa zovuta ndi ntchito ya masomphenya, zolakwika zitha kuchitika ndi chizindikiritso cha manambala omwe amafunikira. M'mitundu ina ya ma syringe, ngati chinsinsi cha piston sichidasungunuka kwathunthu, gawo la mahomoni limayambitsidwa pang'ono.Ngati mukukayikira mukugwiritsa ntchito chipangizocho, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mupeze thandizo kwa katswiri.

Monga momwe amasonyezera, nthawi zambiri, zovuta za shuga m'magazi komanso kuwonongeka kwa insulin ndikunama. Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa chosagwirizana ndi miyezo yogwiritsira ntchito zinthuzi, kunyalanyaza zoyambitsa za akatswiri. Ichi ndichifukwa chake aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuyesedwa mwachidule isanayambike maphunziro, zomwe zingathandize kupewa mafunso omwe amachititsa kuti insulin isachepetse shuga.

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Zikomo chifukwa cha nthawi yanu! Nazi zotsatira zanu!

1. Ndi yankho
2. Ndi cholembera

Kodi dzina la "shuga" limatanthauzanji?

Ndi mahomoni ati omwe ndi osakwanira mtundu 1 shuga?

Ndi chizindikiro chiti CHONSE Chopanda matenda a shuga?

Kodi chifukwa chachikulu chakukhazikitsidwa kwa matenda a shuga 2 ndi chiyani?

Mwazi waukulu wamagazi ndi chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda ashuga komanso vuto lalikulu kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Magazi okwera m'magazi ndi chinthu chokhacho chomwe chimayambitsa matenda ashuga. Kuti muthane ndi matenda anu moyenera, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa bwino komwe glucose amalowa m'magazi ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito.

Werengani nkhaniyo mosamala - ndipo mudzazindikira momwe malamulo a shuga wamagazi aliri enieni komanso zomwe zimasintha ndikusokoneza kagayidwe kazakudya, i.e. wodwala matenda ashuga.

Zakudya zomwe zimapezeka m'magulu a shuga ndi ma protein ndi mapuloteni. Mafuta omwe timadya alibe mphamvu iliyonse pa shuga wamagazi. Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani anthu amakonda kukoma kwa shuga ndi zakudya zotsekemera? Chifukwa imathandizira kupanga ma neurotransmitters (makamaka serotonin) mu ubongo, omwe amachepetsa nkhawa, amachititsa kumva kukhala bwino, kapena ngakhale euphoria. Chifukwa cha izi, anthu ena amayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, amphamvu kwambiri monga kusuta fodya, mowa kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Anthu omwe amadalira Carbohydrate omwe adakumana nawo amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa serotonin kapena kuchepetsa chidwi cha receptor kwa icho.

Kodi magazi a shuga amawongoleredwa bwanji mwa munthu wathanzi

Tiyeni tiwone momwe insulin imalamulira shuga m'magazi mwa munthu wathanzi popanda matenda a shuga. Tiyerekeze kuti munthuyu wadya chakudya cham'mawa, ndipo pakudya m'mawa adasenda mbatata ndi chidule - chisakanizo cha chakudya chokhala ndi mapuloteni. Usiku wonse, kuzungulira kwa insulin m'magazi ake kunalepheretsa gluconeogeneis (werengani pamwambapa, zomwe zikutanthauza) ndikukhalabe ndi ndende yambiri ya shuga m'magazi.

Chakudya chokhala ndi chakudya chamagulu ambiri chikalowa mkamwa, ma michere am'mimba nthawi yomweyo amayamba kuwola chakudya "zovuta" m'magulu a glucose osavuta, ndipo glucoseyo nthawi yomweyo amatengeka ndi nembanemba. Kuchokera ku chakudya chamagulu, shuga wamagazi amatuluka nthawi yomweyo, ngakhale munthu sanathebe kumeza chilichonse! Ichi ndi chizindikiro kwa kapamba kuti ndi nthawi yofunika kuponyera mwachangu kuchuluka kwa mafuta a insulin m'magazi. Gululi lamphamvu kwambiri la insulin lidapangidwa kale ndikusungidwa kuti muigwiritse ntchito mukafunikira "kuphimba" kulumpha mu shuga mutatha kudya, kuphatikiza ndi insulin yambiri m'magazi.

Kutulutsa kwa insulin kosungira m'magazi kumatchedwa "gawo loyamba la mayankho a insulin."Amachepetsa mwachangu kulumikizidwa koyambirira m'magazi a shuga, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha chakudya chamafuta, ndipo amatha kupewa kuwonjezereka. Mafuta a insulin osungidwa mu kapamba amatha. Ngati ndi kotheka, imapanga insulin yowonjezera, koma zimatenga nthawi. Insulin, yomwe imalowa m'magazi pang'ono pang'onopang'ono, imatchedwa "gawo lachiwiri la kuyankha kwa insulin." Insulin iyi imathandizira kuyamwa glucose, yomwe idachitika pambuyo pake, patatha maola ochepa, mukugaya zakudya zama protein.

Pamene chakudyacho chikugayidwa, glucose akupitilizabe kulowa m'magazi, ndipo kapamba amapanga insulini ina kuti "iwapangitse". Gawo la shuga limasinthidwa kukhala glycogen, chinthu chosakhazikika chomwe chimasungidwa m'maselo am'misempha ndi chiwindi. Pakapita kanthawi, "zotengera" zonse zosungira glycogen zidzaza. Ngati pali shuga wambiri m'magazi, ndiye kuti mothandizidwa ndi insulin, amasintha kukhala mafuta odzaza, omwe amawaika m'maselo a adipose minofu.

Pambuyo pake, misempha ya shuga ya ngwazi yathu ikhoza kuyamba kutsika. Pankhaniyi, maselo a pancreatic alpha adzayamba kupanga mahomoni ena - glucagon. Zili ngati wotsutsana ndi insulin ndipo amalembera ma cell a minofu ndi chiwindi kuti ndikofunikira kutembenuza glycogen kukhala glucose. Mothandizidwa ndi glucoseyu, shuga wamagazi amatha kukhalabe wabwinobwino. Pachakudya chotsatira, masitolo a glycogen adzabwezedwanso.

Makina ofotokozedwa a glucose omwe atengedwa ndi insulin amagwira ntchito kwambiri mwa anthu athanzi, kuthandiza kukhalabe ndi khola la magazi mokhazikika - kuyambira 3.9 mpaka 5.3 mmol / L. Maselo amalandira glucose wokwanira kuti agwire ntchito zawo, ndipo chilichonse chimagwira monga momwe amafunira. Tiyeni tiwone chifukwa chake ndikuchita izi kwaphwanya mtundu 1 komanso matenda a shuga.

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga 1 amtundu wa insulin

Kodi zakudya zama shuga a carb otsika ndiziti? Chifukwa chiyani muyenera kusankha pazomwe mukugulitsa? Bwanji osangolowa jakisoni wokwanira kuti akhale ndi madzi okwanira onse omwe amadya? Chifukwa majakisoni a insulin "amaphimba" kuwonjezeka kwa shuga wamagazi omwe zakudya zopatsa mphamvu zimapangika.

Tiyeni tiwone zovuta zomwe zimapezeka kawirikawiri kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu 1 komanso momwe angawongolere matendawa moyenera kupewa zovuta. Ichi ndi chidziwitso chofunikira! Masiku ano, "ndizopezedwa ku America" ​​kwa akatswiri am'banja makamaka, makamaka kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Popanda kudziona wabodza, ndinu mwayi kwambiri kuti mudafika patsamba lathu.

Insulin yolowetsedwa ndi syringe, kapena ngakhale ndi pampu ya insulin, sigwira ntchito ngati insulin, yomwe nthawi zambiri imapanga kapamba. Insulin ya anthu mu gawo loyambirira la mayankho a insulin nthawi yomweyo imalowa m'magazi ndipo nthawi yomweyo imayamba kutsika shuga. Mu matenda a shuga, jakisoni wa insulin nthawi zambiri amachitika mu mafuta osunthika. Odwala ena omwe amakonda chiopsezo komanso kusangalala amakhala ndi jakisoni wa insulin (musachite izi!). Mulimonsemo, palibe amene amavulala ndi insulin kudzera m'mitsempha.

Zotsatira zake, ngakhale insulin yothamanga kwambiri imayamba kugwira ntchito pambuyo pa mphindi 20. Ndipo mphamvu zake zonse zimawonekera mkati mwa maola 1-2. Izi zisanachitike, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhalabe kokwezeka kwambiri. Mutha kutsimikizira izi mosavuta mwakuyeza shuga m'magazi anu pakatha mphindi 15 mutatha kudya. Izi zimawononga mitsempha, mitsempha yamagazi, maso, impso, ndi zina. Mavuto a shuga amakula, ngakhale zolinga zabwino za dotolo ndi wodwala.

Chifukwa chake chithandizo choyenera cha matenda a shuga 1 amtundu wa insulin sichothandiza, akufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane pa ulalo "". Ngati mumatsatira zakudya “zachikhalidwe” zomwe zili ndi matenda amtundu woyamba, mathero omvetsa chisoni - imfa kapena kulemala - ndiwosapeweka, ndipo amabwera mwachangu kwambiri kuposa momwe tingafunire.Tikutsindikanso kuti ngakhale mutasinthira, sizingathandize. Chifukwa amathandiziranso insulin m'matumba a subcutaneous.

Zoyenera kuchita? Yankho likupitilira kuthana ndi matenda ashuga. Pazakudya izi, thupi limasintha pang'ono mapuloteni azakudya kukhala glucose, motero, shuga wamagazi amawonjezerabe. Koma zimachitika pang'onopang'ono, ndipo jakisoni wa insulin amakulolani "kuphimba" kuwonjezeka. Zotsatira zake, zitha kuchitika kuti mutatha kudya ndi wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, shuga m'magazi nthawi iliyonse sidzapitirira 5.3 mmol / l, i.e., zidzakhala ngati anthu athanzi.

Zakudya Zochepa Zopatsa Thupi Za Matenda A shuga Aakulu

Zakudya zocheperako zomwe wodwala matenda ashuga amadya, amakhala ndi insulin yochepa yomwe angafune. Pazakudya zamafuta ochepa, mapiritsi a insulin nthawi yomweyo amagwa kangapo. Ndipo izi zili choncho ngakhale poti kuwerengetsa kuchuluka kwa insulin musanadye, timaganizira kuchuluka kwa zomwe zingafunikire kuphimba mapuloteni omwe adyedwa. Ngakhale mankhwalawa amathandizira odwala matenda ashuga, mapuloteni sawaganizira konse.

Insulin yocheperako yomwe mumafunikira jakisoni, imachepetsa mwayi wamavuto otsatirawa:

• hypoglycemia - shuga wotsika kwambiri,
• kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi ndi kutupa,
• Kukula kwa insulin kukana.

Ingoganizirani kuti ngwazi yathu, wodwala matenda amtundu 1, asintha kudya zakudya zamafuta ochepa. Zotsatira zake, shuga wamagazi ake sadzadumpha konse, monga momwe anali m'mbuyomu, pomwe adadya zakudya zabwino zamagulu ambiri. Gluconeogenesis ndikusintha kwa mapuloteni kukhala glucose. Njirayi imawonjezera shuga m'magazi, koma pang'onopang'ono komanso pang'ono, ndipo ndizosavuta "kuphimba" ndi jakisoni wa insulin yaying'ono musanadye.

Momwe thupi lamunthu yemwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 amagwira

Ngwazi yathu yotsatira, wodwala matenda a shuga a 2, amalemera makilogalamu 112 pamlingo wa 78 kg. Mafuta ochulukirapo amakhala pamimba pake ndi m'chiuno mwake. Zikondwerero zake ndikupangabe insulin. Koma popeza kunenepa kwambiri kunayambitsa kwambiri, insulin iyi sikokwanira kuti ikhale ndi shuga wabwinobwino.

Wodwala akachita bwino kuti achepetse thupi, ndiye kuti kukana insulini kudzadutsa ndipo shuga m'magaziwo amatha kusintha kotero kuti matenda a shuga athe. Komabe, ngati ngwazi yathu isintha mwachangu moyo wake, ndiye kuti ma cell a beta a kapamba wake "adzatentha" kwathunthu, ndiye kuti adzayamba kudwala matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba. Zowona, ndi anthu ochepa omwe amakhala ndi izi - nthawi zambiri odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2 amapha kugunda kwa mtima, kulephera kwa impso, kapena zilonda m'miyendo.

Kukana kwa insulin kumachitika chifukwa cha majini, koma makamaka kumachitika chifukwa chosakhala bwino. Ntchito yolimbitsa thupi komanso kudya zakudya zamagulu ambiri zimayambitsa kudzikundikira kwa minofu ya adipose. Ndipo mafuta ochulukirapo m'thupi omwe amalumikizidwa ndi minofu, amakhala okwera kwambiri chifukwa chotsutsana ndi insulin. Kapamba adagwira ntchito kwa zaka zambiri ndi nkhawa zambiri. Chifukwa cha izi, amatha, ndipo insulin yomwe imatulutsa sikokwanira kuti shuga akhale ndi shuga. Makamaka, kapamba wa munthu wodwala matenda ashuga a 2 samasungira masitolo ena aliwonse a insulin. Chifukwa cha izi, gawo loyamba la yankho la insulini limalephera.

Ndizosangalatsa kuti nthawi zambiri odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2 omwe ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri samatulutsa insulin, koma m'malo mwake - katatu kuposa anzawo owonda. Panthawi imeneyi, ma endocrinologists nthawi zambiri amalembera mapiritsi - zotumphukira za sulfonylurea - zomwe zimapangitsa kapamba kuti apange insulin yambiri. Izi zimabweretsa "kutentha" kwa kapamba, chifukwa chomwe mtundu 2 wa shuga umasandulika kukhala mtundu wa 1 wa shuga.

Shuga wamagazi mutatha kudya ndi shuga yachiwiri

Tiyeni tiwone momwe chakudya cham'mawa kuchokera mbatata zosenda ndi timadontho, kutanthauza kusakaniza kwa chakudya ndi mapuloteni, kungakhudze kuchuluka kwa shuga mu ngwazi yathu.Nthawi zambiri, m'mayambiriro a 2 matenda a shuga, shuga m'magazi m'mimba yopanda kanthu amakhala abwinobwino. Ndimadzifunsa kuti asintha bwanji akatha kudya? Onani kuti ngwazi yathu imakonda kwambiri. Amadyanso chakudya kawiri kawiri kuposa anthu onenepa.

Momwe michere imakopedwa, kumakidwa ngakhale mkamwa ndipo nthawi yomweyo kumachulukitsa shuga wamagazi - zomwe takambirana kale. Wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, chakudya chamafuta amadziwikanso mkamwa momwemo ndikumapangitsa kulumpha kowopsa mu shuga. Poyankha, zikondazo zimatulutsa insulini m'magazi, kuyesa kuzimitsa kulumpha uku. Koma popeza kulibe masheya okonzeka, insulin yaying'ono kwambiri imamasulidwa. Izi zimatchedwa.

Cancreas athu otchuka amayesetsa kwambiri kukhala ndi insulin yokwanira komanso shuga wotsika wamagazi. Posakhalitsa, zinthu zidzamuyendera bwino ngati mtundu 2 wa shuga sunapite patali ndipo gawo lachiwiri la insulini silinakhudzidwe. Koma kwa maola angapo, shuga wamagazi amakhalabe okwera, ndipo zovuta za matenda ashuga zimayamba panthawiyi.

Chifukwa cha kukana insulini, wodwala wamitundu iwiri wodwala matenda ashuga amafuna kawiri kawiri insulin kuti amwe chakudya chomwenso chimakhala ndi mnzake wocheperako. Zodabwitsazi zimakhala ndi zotsatira ziwiri. Choyamba, insulin ndiye mahomoni akuluakulu omwe amalimbikitsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta mu minofu ya adipose. Mothandizidwa ndi insulin yochulukirapo, wodwalayo amakhala wokulirapo, ndipo kukana kwake kwa insulin kumakulitsidwa. Iyi ndi nthawi yoyipa. Kachiwiri, kapamba amagwira ntchito ndi katundu wambiri, chifukwa ma cell ake a beta "ayambiranso". Chifukwa chake, mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga umamasulira mtundu 1 shuga.

Kukana kwa insulin kumapangitsa kuti maselo asamagwiritse ntchito shuga, omwe wodwala matenda ashuga amalandira ndi chakudya. Chifukwa cha izi, amamvabe ludzu, ngakhale atadya kale zochuluka. Nthawi zambiri, munthu amene ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 amadya kwambiri, mpaka amamva kupweteka m'mimba, ndipo izi zimawonjezera mavuto ake. Momwe mungachiritsire kukana kwa insulin, werengani. Iyi ndi njira yokhayo yosinthira thanzi lanu ndi matenda ashuga a 2.

Kuzindikira ndi zovuta za matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri

Madokotala osaphunzira amakonda kupereka kuyeserera kwa shuga kwa magazi kuti atsimikizire kapena kutsimikiza kuti matendawa ali ndi matenda ashuga. Kumbukirani kuti ndi matenda ashuga amtundu 2, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhalabe kwabwinobwino kwa nthawi yayitali, ngakhale nthendayo ikapita patsogolo komanso zovuta za matenda ashuga zikukula. Chifukwa chake, kuyezetsa magazi koyenera m'magulu sikokwanira! Lowani kapena, makamaka, mu labotale yodziyimira payokha.

Mwachitsanzo, mwa munthu, shuga ya magazi atatha kudya amadumphira 7.8 mmol / L. Madokotala ambiri omwe ali ndi vutoli salemba kuti ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, kuti asalembetse wodwalayo komanso asamachite nawo mankhwala. Amalimbikitsa lingaliro lawo chifukwa chakuti wodwalayo amapangabe insulini yokwanira, posakhalitsa shuga wake wamagazi atatha kudya amayamba kuchita bwino. Komabe, muyenera kusinthira nthawi yomweyo kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi, ngakhale mutakhala ndi shuga ya 6.6 mmol / L mukatha kudya, komanso makamaka ngati ndiwokwera. Tikuyesa kupereka njira yoyenera komanso yofunika kwambiri yothandizira matenda a matenda amtundu 1 komanso mtundu wa 2, womwe ungachitike ndi anthu omwe ali ndi ntchito yambiri.

Vuto lalikulu ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 ndikuti thupi limasweka pang'onopang'ono zaka makumi angapo, ndipo izi sizimayambitsa zizindikiro zopweteka mpaka litachedwa. Wodwala matenda ashuga a mtundu 2, omwe ali ndi zabwino zambiri kuposa iwo omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba. Mwazi wake wamagazi sudzafika pamlingo waukulu ngati wodwala matenda ashuga 1 akaphonya jakisoni wa insulin. Ngati gawo lachiwiri la mayankho a insulini silikukhudzidwa kwambiri, ndiye kuti shuga ya magazi ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu ndi odwala popanda kuigwira.Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 sangayembekezere "freebie" ngati imeneyi.

Momwe mungachitire bwino matenda a shuga a 2

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, njira zochizira zowonjezera zitha kutsika pancreas, njira "yakuwombera" kwa maselo ake a beta idzaletsa.

Zoyenera kuchita:

Chifukwa cha kuchepa thupi komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mosangalatsa, kukana insulini kudzachepa. Ngati chithandizo chinayambika panthawi yake, ndiye kuti ndizotheka kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi wamba popanda jakisoni wa insulin. Ngati mukufunabe jakisoni wa insulin, ndiye kuti Mlingo wake umakhala wochepa. Zotsatira zake zimakhala moyo wathanzi, wachimwemwe wopanda zovuta za matenda ashuga, kuukalamba kwambiri, ku nsanje ya anzanga "athanzi".

Njira yayikulu yotsatirira shuga wamagazi anu ndi kuyesa kwa A1c. Monga mukudziwa, cholinga cha American Diabetes Association ndikupereka zosakwana 7% A1c, ndipo zipatala zambiri tsopano zimakonda kutsika mitengo kwambiri: 6.5 kapena 6%. Ngati mukulephera kuchepetsa shuga, nayi malangizo.

Bwerera kumayambiriro komwe (inde, kachiwiri). Ngati mukunenepa kwambiri, kuchepa thupi ndiye chizindikiro chokwanira cha kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa hemoglobin A1c. Kaya ndinu onenepa kwambiri kapena ayi, mfundo zomwezo ndizothandizanso pakuyang'anira shuga. Ngati chakudyacho chimangokhala zamasamba, ndiye kuti simumadya mafuta a nyama. Ndipo ngati munasiya mafuta azamasamba, ndiye kuti simukulemera konse. Ndi masinthidwe opatsa thanzi awa, mumawotcha mafuta mkati mwa minofu yanu. Monga momwe mudawonera m'mutu 2, ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti insulin ikane.

Phatikizaponso zakudya zopatsa thanzi. Anthu ambiri mopanda malire amapewa zakudya zokhazikika. Amanenanso kuti nyemba, mphodza, pasitala, mbatata kapena malema zimawonjezera shuga. Zachidziwikire, mukamayeza shuga mutatha kudya, mawerengedwa amakula. Komabe, ichi sindiye chifukwa chosiya zakudya zamafuta ndi kubwerera ku zakudya zamafuta kapena zama protein. Chifukwa chake.

Mafuta a nsomba ndi mbalame amalepheretsa kuyesa kuchepa. Zimasokonezeranso insulin kukana. Nayi zochitika.

Munthu amamva kuti "zakudya zopatsa mphamvu sizabwino," kapena amawona kuti shuga wamagazi amawonjezeka atangodya mpunga kapena masamba omwe ali ndi wowuma. Akuganiza zosiya zakudya zamagulu m'malo mwa nkhuku ndi nsomba. Chilichonse chimayenda bwino poyamba. Glucose ndi wokhazikika ndipo samachulukitsa pambuyo chakudya chochepa chomwe chimakhala ndi shuga. "Eya!" Akutero. "Ndazindikira kuti kudya koteroko kumachepetsa shuga!" M'masiku angapo otsatira, wodwalayo adazindikira kuti zowerengera zake zamagazi zidayamba kusintha. Amachulukana pang'onopang'ono, ndipo pakatha sabata kapena awiri kuchuluka kumakhala kwakukulu. "Ndi chiyani?" Tipereka yankho. Pali magawo atatu okha a zopatsa mphamvu: chakudya, mafuta, ndi mapuloteni. Kukana chakudya chamafuta, munthu amadya mafuta, omwe amakonda kuwonjezera kukana kwa insulin, komanso mapuloteni, omwe ali ndi zotsatira zoyipa zambiri. Kumwa mafuta mwachangu sikunawonjezere shuga m'magazi, koma zakudya zamafuta zimakonda kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwamafuta m'maselo a thupi. Zotsatira zake, kukana insulini kumayamba kuchepa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zakudya zilizonse zomwe adadya pambuyo pake zimapangitsa kuti shuga wamagazi azikula kuposa kale. Chifukwa chake, insulin ikukula tsiku lililonse.

Zakudya zamafuta ziyenera kupewedwa ndipo zakudya zopatsa thanzi zopatsa thanzi ziyenera kudyedwa, kuzisankha zozikidwa pamlo wamagulu a shuga. Mwachitsanzo, nyemba (nyemba, nandolo, ndi mphodza), masamba, zipatso, ndi tirigu wathunthu. Zakudya nthawi zonse zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, koma posachedwa mudzaona kuti insulivityity ikubwerera pang'onopang'ono.

Pitani kwa dokotala. Chovuta chofala kwambiri cha kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi matenda. Kuzizira, matenda amkodzo, zotupa za pakhungu.Zonsezi zimakonda kukweza glucose wamagazi. Nthawi zina ngakhale kudula pang'ono kapena chifuwa kumayambitsa kulumpha mwamphamvu mmenemo. Pa chithandizo (ngati izi zachitika ndi zonse zofunika), kuchuluka kwa glucose amabwezeretseka. Munthawi imeneyi, adokotala angasankhe mankhwala apadera a shuga.

Penyani misempha yanu. Unasi uliwonse umakweza shuga. Kuyankha kwakuthupi kupsinjika komwe kumakukonzekerani kuti mumenye kapena kuthawa zoopsa kumatha kuchitika ndi mtundu wina uliwonse wowopsa, weniweni kapena woganiza. Kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kunali kopindulitsa kwambiri panthawi yomwe titha kukumana ndi olusa komanso mafuko omenyera nkhondo. Magazi owonjezera a shuga adadyetsa magulu akulu a minofu, kuthandiza kuthamanga kapena kumenya. Masiku ano tikuopa zovuta kuntchito, zovuta zachuma komanso mavuto mu maubale. Komabe, momwe zochita zathupi sizinasinthe, kuyankha kukugwirabe ntchito, kuchititsa kukwera kwa shuga m'magazi. Ngati kupsinjika sikukhala motalika - mutha kuzindikira kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga kubwereranso mwachangu mokwanira. Ngati ndi yayitali, chitani masega a yoga, kusinkhasinkha. Vutoli likhoza kukhala lakuya kwambiri, pazinthu zoterezi zimatha kukhala nkhawa, malingaliro a nkhawa osatha - ndiye osayesa kukhala ngwazi.

Masewera olimbitsa thupi. Ngati simukugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti mukhale moyo wokonzekera - ndi nthawi yoti muyambe. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumathandizira kuchepetsa shuga.

Nthawi zambiri, kutsatira malangizowa kungakuthandizeni kuti muchepetse shuga. Ngati magazi a shuga akukhalabe okwera, ngakhale mutayesetsa kwambiri, dokotala amafunsira mankhwala ena.

Kunyumba »Moyo» Chifukwa chiyani insulini siyimachepetsa shuga m'magazi pambuyo pa jakisoni: chochita? Shuga wokhala ndi insulin samachepa.

Pitani jakisoni wa insulin

Popeza mankhwalawa amtundu wa shuga amachitika mu mawonekedwe a inulin m'malo mwa mankhwala osalekeza, kupendekera kwa mankhwala ndi mwayi wokhazikika wokhala ndi shuga.

Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino insulin kukonzekera kungalepheretse kusinthasintha kwa shuga komanso kupewa zovuta za matenda ashuga:

1. Kukula kwa chikomokere, chomwe ndi chowopsa m'moyo: ketoacidosis, lactactacidosis, hypoglycemia.
2. Kuwonongeka kwa mtima khoma - yaying'ono- ndi macroangiopathy.
3. Matenda a shuga.
4. Mawonedwe akuchepera - retinopathy.
5. Zilonda zamanjenje - diabetesic neuropathy.

Njira yabwinoko yogwiritsira ntchito insulin ndiyo kubwereza mtundu wake wolimbitsa thupi kulowa m'magazi. Pachifukwa ichi, ma insulins a nthawi zosiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuti apange magazi okwanira nthawi zonse, insulin yayitali imayendetsedwa kawiri pa tsiku - Protafan NM, Humulin NPH, Insuman Bazal.

Insulin yofupikitsa imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa kutulutsidwa kwa insulin poyankha chakudya. Amayambitsidwa musanadye katatu pa tsiku - musanadye chakudya cham'mawa, chakudya chamasana komanso musanadye. Pambuyo jekeseni, muyenera kudya chakudya pakadutsa mphindi 20 mpaka 40. Poterepa, mlingo wa insulini uyenera kupangidwa kuti utenge kuchuluka kwamafuta ena.

Ngati munthu ali ndi mtundu woyamba wa shuga wambiri, amafunika jakisoni wa insulin m'mawa ndi m'mawa, ndikuchotseredwa musanadye. Koma ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri kapena matenda ashuga 1 omwe amakhala osavuta, ndichizolowezi kupanga jakisoni ochepa.

Kuyeza shuga kumafunika nthawi iliyonse musanadye chakudya, ndipo mutha kuchita izi maola ochepa mukatha kudya. Kuwona kungawonetsetse kuti shuga ali bwino masana kupatula kupumira madzulo. Izi zikusonyeza kuti jakisoni wa insulin yochepa ndiyofunikira pakadali pano.

Kugawana njira yomweyo ya insulin kwa aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga ndi koopsa komanso kosavomerezeka. Ngati mutsatira zakudya zamafuta ochepa, zimatha kudziwa kuti munthu m'modzi amafunika kupatsidwa jakisoni asanadye, ndipo chinthu china ndikwanira.

Chifukwa chake, mwa anthu ena omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2, zimakhala kuti pakhale shuga wabwinobwino. Ngati uwu ndi mtundu wa matendawa, ikani insulini yochepa musanadye chakudya cham'mawa komanso m'mawa. Asanadye nkhomaliro, mungotenga mapiritsi a Siofor.

M'mawa, insulin imakhala yofooka pang'ono kuposa nthawi ina iliyonse masana. Izi ndichifukwa cha m'mawa. Zomwezo zimaperekanso insulin yomwe, yomwe imatulutsa kapamba, komanso yomwe odwala matenda ashuga amalandira ndi jakisoni. Chifukwa chake, ngati mukufuna insulin yofulumira, monga lamulo, mumawaba jakisoni musanadye chakudya cham'mawa.

Aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kudziwa momwe angapangire jakisoni molondola musanadye kapena pambuyo chakudya. Kuti mupewe hypoglycemia momwe mungathere, muyenera choyamba kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwake, kenako ndikuwonjezera pang'onopang'ono. Poterepa, ndikofunikira kuyeza shuga kwakanthawi.

M'masiku ochepa mutha kudziwa kuchuluka kwanu. Cholinga ndikupanga shuga pamlingo wokhazikika, monga mwa munthu wathanzi. Pankhaniyi, 4.6 ± 0,6 mmol / L musanadye chakudya kapena chakudya mukamatha kudya ndiye kuti ndi chizolowezi.

Nthawi iliyonse, chizindikirocho sichiyenera kukhala ochepera 3.5-3.8 mmol / L. Mlingo wa insulin yofulumira komanso kuchuluka kwa nthawi yomwe amatenga zimatengera mtundu ndi chakudya. Ziyenera kulembedwa zomwe zakudya zimadyedwa m'magalamu. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kugula muyeso wamakhitchini. Ngati mutsatira zakudya zamafuta ochepa kuti muchepetse matenda a shuga, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mwachidule insulin musanadye, mwachitsanzo:

1. Actrapid NM
2. Humulin Wokhazikika,
3. Insuman Rapid GT,
4. Biosulin R.

Mutha kubayanso Humalog, ngati mukufunikira kuti muchepetse shuga mofulumira. Insulin NovoRapid ndi Apidra ndizosachedwa kuposa Humalog. Pofuna kuti muzitha kuyamwa zakudya zamagulu ochepa zam'mimba, insulini yocheperako posakhalitsa siyabwino kwambiri, chifukwa nthawi yochita ndiyifupi komanso yachangu.

Kudya kumayenera kukhala katatu katatu patsiku, pakadutsa maola 4-5. Ngati ndi kotheka, ndiye kuti masiku ena mutha kulumpha limodzi lamadyedwe.

Zakudya ndi chakudya ziyenera kusintha, koma mtengo wa zopatsa thanzi suyenera kukhala wotsika kuposa zokhazikitsidwa.

Mlingo wa mayamwidwe, chifukwa chake nthawi yovutikira insulini, zimatengera kusankha malo a jakisoni. Mimba imadziwika kuti ndi malo achangu kwambiri a insulin.

Chifukwa chake, kuti tithandizire kuchepa kwa insulin m'mawa kale, timabayirira m'matumbo a insulin m'mimba. Koma malo ena onse (mapewa, matako ndi chiuno) ndi "kuchepera" pantchito ya insulin.

Mukutsimikiza kuti mumayang'anira insulini molondola?

Kodi munayang'ana kuti tsiku lanu la insulin latha liti? Insulin yomwe yatha ingathe kuchita zinthu zochepa kwambiri kuposa masiku onse. Ngati insulin ikayamba kusinthika, maonekedwe ake amasintha. Chongani - insulin yayifupi (komanso ma "analog" owonjezera) owoneka bwino ayenera kukhala owonekera, osayeserera, owonjezeredwa atasakanikirana - kwamitambo, popanda ma flakes.

Zotsatira ndi mawonekedwe othandizira

Pochiza matenda a shuga, pamakhala chiopsezo cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo ambiri. Munjira imeneyi, pofuna kupewa imfa, thandizo loyenerera lofunikira likufunika. Ndikofunikira kudziwa zoyenera kuchita nthawi yomweyo ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ambiri.

Kuti muwonjezere chakudya chamagulu ochulukirapo, muyenera kudya chofufumitsa cha mkate wa tirigu mpaka g 100. Mukapitiliza kuukira kwa mphindi 3-5 muyenera kuwonjezera shuga. Madokotala amalimbikitsa kumwa tiyi ndi supuni zochepa za shuga.

Ngati chochitikacho chitachitika, kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi sikumakhala kotakasuka, mukufunikirabe kudya ma protein munthawi yomweyo. Ngakhale kuti bongo wambiri ndi chinthu wamba, ngati inu kunyalanyaza zofunika kuchita, kuwonjezeka kwa Somoji syndrome kumachitika.

Kukula kwa matendawa kumasokoneza kwambiri mankhwalawa komanso kumadzetsa ketoacidosis yovuta kwambiri.

Pankhaniyi, mungafunike kusintha mankhwalawo ndikuyamba kumwa mankhwala amphamvu.

• matenda edema,
• Zizindikiro za meningitis,
• kutha msanga kwa matenda a dementia ndimavuto amisala.

Pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la mtima, kuchuluka kwa insulini kungayambitse:

1. sitiroko
2. vuto la mtima
3. retinal hemorrhage.

Musanaganize chilichonse, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amatsogolera pazomwe zili pamwambapa. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuyeza mulingo wa shuga wamagazi ndi glucometer - chipangizo chopangidwa mwapadera. Mamita masekondi 5 amapereka zotsatira za kusanthula. Zisonyezero za 5.7 mmol / L ndizomwe zili ponseponse, ndipo zotsikirako chizindikiro, kuvutika kwambiri komwe wodwala akukumana nako.

Ntchito yayikulu pakupereka chithandizo choyamba ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Pali njira ziwiri zochitira izi:

1. Mupatseni munthuyu chakudya china chokoma, monga maswiti, bun, chokoleti chokoleti, tiyi wokoma.
2. Fotokozerani wodwalayo njira yatsopano ya shuga, kuchuluka kwake komwe kumatsimikizika mogwirizana ndi momwe wodwalayo alili.

Poyesa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, simungathe kupita patali kwambiri ndi mafuta. Shuga owonjezera mwa munthu wathanzi amatha kusungidwa mu glycogen, kenako ndikugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu. Kwa wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, madipoziti amenewo amadzaza ndi kuchepa kwa minofu komanso kufooka kwa thupi.

Ngati mankhwalawa ali ndi insulin yambiri, makamaka yanthawi yochepa, thandizo loyenerera liyenera kuperekedwa nthawi yomweyo. Ndiosavuta kwambiri: wodwalayo ayenera kumwa tiyi wokoma, kudya maswiti, supuni ya supuni kapena shuga. Ngati vuto lakelo silikuyenda bwino mkati mwa mphindi 3-5, chakudya chomwe chimakhala ndi zovuta zam'mimba zimayenera kubwerezedwa.

Mavuto omwe angakhalepo

Wodwala akaphwanya malangizo omwe angapangire jakisoni wa insulin kapena kusankha malo olakwika a jakisoni, chiopsezo chokhala ndi zovuta zosafunikira chimawonjezeka.

Zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri za kuchuluka kwa insulin ndi chikomokere mu ubongo, pomwe ubongo umatha kupezeka, womwe ungapweteketse ziwalo zaubongo komanso kuwonongeka kwa ubongo.

• Kusintha kwa chikhalidwe, kudzitsitsa kwa umunthu,
• kusokera mukulitsa kwa luntha kwa ana,
• kusokonezeka kwa ntchito zapamwamba za ubongo (izi ndi monga kukumbukira, kusamalira, kuganiza, ndi zina),
• chitukuko cha matenda ashuga encephalopathy okalamba.

Yogwirika hypoglycemia popanda chitukuko cha chikomokere imakhudzanso zochita za ubongo.

Hypoglycemic coma mu okalamba omwe ali ndi mbiri ya ischemia ndi matenda amtima amawonjezera chiopsezo cha kugwidwa ndi matenda a mtima, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuyesedwa pambuyo poyesa kuti mupeze kuphwanya.

Zotsatira za bongo wambiri zimadalira kuchuluka kwa momwe zimachitikira. Matenda ofooketsa okoma amachitika ndi onse odwala matenda ashuga.

Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa zamankhwala, pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a odwala amakhala ndi hypoglycemia. Choopsa chachikulu pano chikukula kwa matenda a Somoji ndipo, chifukwa chake, mankhwala osayenera a matenda a shuga, omwe samachepetsa njira ya matendawa ndipo pamapeto pake amayamba kukula kwa ketoacidosis.

Zotsatira zake pakakhala vuto la hypoglycemia wovomerezeka ziyenera kuchotsedwa pakukhazikitsa mankhwala oyenera, omwe amatha nthawi yayitali.

Woopsa milandu insulin poyizoni, angayambitse matenda a chapakati mantha dongosolo:

• matenda edema
• Zizindikiro zoyipa
• ntchito yamisala yodwala (dementia).

Komanso, zochitika pafupipafupi za hypoglycemic mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la mtima wam'magazi zimatha kuyambitsa kuphwanya kwam'mbali, kupweteka kwam'mimba, komanso kupweteka kwam'mimba.

Pomaliza, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ngati chithandizo cha mankhwala a insulin chapanthawi yake, zotsatira zake mu njira ya imfa zimathetsedwa. Kupewa kwa zinthu ngati izi ndi lingaliro losamalitsa lomwe limayang'anira kuperekera insulin komanso kudziyang'anira pawokha.Kuukira kwakanthawi kwa hypoglycemia kumatha kuimitsidwa pakudya chakudya chomwe chili ndi chakudya chambiri - shuga, maswiti, chakumwa chokoma.

Moyo wopanda zizolowezi zoyipa ndiye njira yabwino yopewera

M'malo mwake, matenda ngati a shuga sakhala osachiritsika. Nthawi zina, kusintha kwa wodwalayo kumawonedwa. Muzochitika kuti nthawi zonse amayang'aniridwa ndi madokotala.

Koma moyenera, ngakhale kuwunika shuga pafupipafupi, matendawa amapita patsogolo ndipo zotsatira zake zingakhale chotupa cha khansa kapena kunenepa kwambiri, kufupika ndi vuto la mtima.

Ndikofunika kuyenda koyenda pafupipafupi, kuteteza dongosolo lanu lamanjenje kuti musapanikizike kwambiri mothandizidwa ndi zochitika zolimbitsa thupi komanso kusangalala ndi moyo. Zakudya zopatsa thanzi, zopanda mafuta ochulukirapo, popanda kudya mwachangu zidzakulitsa moyo wanu ndikupulumutsani ku matenda ambiri. Osati kokha kuchokera kuphwanya kwamankhwala a insulin.

Chakudya cha odwala matenda ashuga

Maziko a shuga ndi zakudya. Zimatengera kuchuluka kwa insulin. Ngati insulini yamagazi ikwezedwa, zotsatirazi ziyenera kutsatiridwa.

1. Zinthu zothandiza mkaka, koma zopanda mafuta.
2. Mphete Zonse.
3. Nsomba yamafuta ochepa.
4. Mazira owiritsa, osaposa 3 ma PC. kwa masiku 7.
5. Nyama iyenera kutayidwa, makamaka mafuta a nkhumba ambiri.

M'pofunika kudya munthawi yovomerezeka. Kenako thupi pakapita nthawi limatulutsa michere yonse yofunikira yokumba m'mimba.

Ndikofunikanso kuti zigawozo ndizochepa, koma muyenera kudya kasanu kapena kasanu ndi kamodzi patsiku.

Tikudziwa kuti insulini imawonjezera shuga m'magazi, motero kwa iwo omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin, zakudya zake zimakhala zowumitsa. Pazakudya zotere, ma calories onse ayenera kuwerengedwa mosamala kuti pakhale insulin yokwanira kuti isinthe molekyu iliyonse ya sucrose kukhala mphamvu.