Kusanthula kwa insulin kosafunikira: tebulo lambiri

Kuwerenga kwa insulin yogwiritsira ntchito insulin kumapangitsa kuti kumveketsa bwino kwa kupanga kwa insulin kwa insulini mwa odwala omwe salandila insulin kukonzekera ndipo sanachite izi kale, chifukwa ma antibodies adzayamba kupangidwa kukhala chinthu chachilendo m'thupi la wodwalayo, chomwe chitha kupotoza zotsatira zoyesa zenizeni.

Zolemba za IRI posala kudya magazi a anthu zimawonedwa ngati zabwinobwino ngati zikuchokera pa 6 mpaka 24 mIU / L (chizindikiro ichi chidzasiyana kutengera mtundu woyesera womwe wagwiritsa ntchito). Kuwerengera kwa insulin kwa shuga pamlingo wokhala m'munsi mwa 40 mg / dl (insulin imayesedwa mkED / ml, ndi shuga mu mg / dl) ochepera 0.25. Pa mulingo wa glucose wochepera 2.22 mmol / L, wochepera 4.5 (insulin imafotokozedwa mIU / L, shuga mu mol / L).

Kutsimikiza kwa mahomoni ndikofunikira kuti apangidwe molondola a shuga mellitus mwa odwala omwe zikuwonetsa kuyesedwa kwa glucose mayeso. Ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba, insulin idzatsitsidwa, ndipo lachiwiri lidzakhala lodziwika bwino kapena kuchuluka. Mulingo wambiri wa insulin yogwira ntchito udzadziwika ndi mavuto awa:

acromegaly
Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome,
insulinoma.

Zowonjezera komanso zowonjezera

Kuchulukitsa kawiri kwa chizolowezi kudzadziwika chifukwa cha kunenepa kwambiri. Ngati chiŵerengero cha insulini ku shuga wamagazi ndi ochepera 0,25, padzakhala zofunika kuti munthu akaganize za insulinoma.

Kukhazikitsa kuchuluka kwa kuzungulira kwa insulini ndichizindikiro chofunikira pakuphunzira pathophysiology yamafuta ndi carbohydrate metabolism. Malinga ndi momwe matendawa akuonekera, kuchuluka kwa insulin kumatha kuchita mbali yayikulu pakuwonetsa matenda a hypoglycemia. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri ngati hypoglycemia imayamba nthawi yapakati.

Zomwe zimapezeka insulini ndizokhazikika m'madzi a m'magazi a anthu kuposa seramu yake. Izi zitha kufotokozedwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito anticoagulants. Ndi chifukwa ichi kuti kutsimikiza kwa insulin yogwiritsira ntchito insulin poyambirira ndikofunikira kwambiri pakupanga kuzindikira koyenera. Njirayi ikhoza kuphatikizidwa ndi kuyesa kwa glucose.

Pambuyo pa masewera olimbitsa thupi

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga, yankho la kugwiritsa ntchito glucose lidzakhala zero, ndipo mu mtundu wa 2 odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi vuto la kunenepa kwambiri, kuyankhidwa kumachepetsedwa. Mlingo wa insulin m'thupi pambuyo pa maola awiri amatha kukwera pazofunikira kwambiri ndipo osakhala wabwinobwino kwa nthawi yayitali.

Odwala omwe amalandira insulin awonetsa kuyankha kochepetseka.

Pambuyo popanga shuga mkati, kutulutsidwa kwathunthu kwa mahomoni kumakhala kocheperako chifukwa chotsatira pakamwa. Zisumbu za Langerhans mu kapamba zimayamba kukhala zosavuta kwa shuga kupitilira wazaka, koma kuchuluka kwa mahomoni opitilira muyeso amakhalabe chimodzimodzi.

Kuchuluka kwa ma ketoni m'mwazi ndi mkodzo

Matupi a Ketone amapangidwa ndi chiwindi chifukwa cha lipolysis komanso chifukwa cha ketogenic amino acid. Ndi kusowa kwathunthu kwa insulin, pali:

makina ophatikizira a lipolysis,
mafuta oxidation ochulukirapo,
kutuluka kwa kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa acetyl-CoA (zochulukirapo zoterezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga matupi a ketone).

Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa matupi a ketone, ketonemia ndi ketonuria zimachitika.

Mwa munthu wathanzi, kuchuluka kwa matupi a ketone kudzakhala osiyanasiyana kuchokera pa 0.3 mpaka 1.7 mmol / l (kutengera njira yodziwira chinthuchi).

Choyambitsa chachikulu chomwe chimapangitsa ketoacidosis kuwonjezereka kwa matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin, komanso matenda osachiritsika omwe amadalira insulin, malinga ngati maselo a beta opera pancreatic atatha ndikukula kwathunthu kwa insulin kumayamba.

Kutentha kwambiri kwa ketonemia kokhala ndi index ya 100 mpaka 170 mmol / L komanso zotsatira zabwino za mkodzo ku acetone kukusonyeza kuti kukomoka kwa shuga kudwala.

Kuyesa kwa insulin

Pambuyo posala kudya, zidzakhala zofunikira kuyambitsa insulini mu kuchuluka kwa 0,1 PIECES / kg yolemetsa thupi la wodwalayo. Ngati mukumvera kwambiri mphamvu, ndiye kuti muyezowo umachepetsedwa kukhala 0,03-0.05 U / kg.

Kuyamwa magazi kwa venous kuchokera kumitsempha ya ulnar kumachitika pamimba yopanda nthawi imodzi - mphindi 120. Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kukonzekera kachitidwe koyamba kukhazikitsidwa kwa shuga m'magazi.

Miyezi yabwinobwino, shuga amayamba kuchuluka msanga mpaka mphindi 15 mpaka 20, kufikira 50-60 peresenti ya milingo yoyamba. Pambuyo pa mphindi 90-120, shuga wamagazi amabwerera ku mtengo wake woyambirira. Kutsika kocheperako kumakhala chizindikiro cha kumva kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya mahomoni. Kuchepetsa mofulumira kudzakhala chizindikiro cha hypersensitivity.

Chidziwitsa: Insulin

Mked / ml (microunit pa millilita).

Kodi ndi zotsalira ziti zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kafukufuku?

Momwe mungakonzekerere phunzirolo?

Osamadya kwa maola 12 musanawunikidwe.
Patulani kotheratu kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa tsiku loti mupereke magazi (monga momwe adavomerezera ndi adokotala).
Osasuta kwa maola atatu musanayambe kuphunzira.

Phunziro Mwachidule

Insulin imapangidwa m'maselo a beta a endocrine pancreas. Kuyika kwake m'magazi kumadalira kuchuluka kwa glucose: mutatha kudya, shuga ambiri amalowa m'magazi, poyankha izi, kapamba amatulutsa insulin, yomwe imayambitsa kusuntha kwa magazi kuchokera m'magazi kupita ku maselo a minofu ndi ziwalo. Insulin imayang'aniranso njira zam'magazi mu chiwindi: ngati pali shuga wambiri, ndiye kuti chiwindi chimayamba kuchisunga mu mawonekedwe a glycogen (glucose polymer) kapena kugwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka mafuta acids. Pamene kuphatikizira kwa insulin kukodwala ndipo kupangidwa kocheperako, shuga sangathe kulowa m'maselo amthupi ndipo hypoglycemia imayamba. Maselo amayamba kusowa mu gawo lalikulu lomwe amafunikira pakupanga mphamvu - shuga. Ngati matendawa ndi operewera, ndiye kuti kagayidwe kake kamayambitsa matenda a impso, mtima, mitsempha imayamba kukula, masomphenya amakhala ndi vuto. Matenda omwe akusowa kupanga insulini amatchedwa shuga mellitus. Ili ndi mitundu ingapo. Makamaka, mtundu woyamba umayamba pamene kapamba samapanga insulin yokwanira; mtundu wachiwiri umalumikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwa chidwi cha maselo pazotsatira za insulin pa iwo. Mtundu wachiwiri ndiwofala kwambiri. Pochiza matenda ashuga m'magawo oyamba, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zakudya zapadera komanso mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amathandizira kupanga insulin ndi kapamba, kapena kulimbikitsa maselo a thupi kudya glucose mwakukulitsa chidwi chawo ndi timadzi timeneti. Ngati kapamba amalekeratu kutulutsa insulini, kayendetsedwe kake ka jekeseni ndikofunikira. Kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi kumatchedwa hyperinsulinemia. Nthawi yomweyo, zomwe zimakhala m'magazi zimachepa kwambiri, zomwe zimatha kudzetsa chikumbumtima cha hypoglycemic komanso ngakhale kufa, popeza ntchito ya ubongo imatengera kutsekemera kwa glucose. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga panthawi ya makonzedwe a makolo pokonzekera insulin ndi mankhwala ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a shuga. Kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi kumayambitsanso chotupa chomwe chimatulutsa zambiri - insulinoma. Ndi iyo, kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi kumatha kuwonjezera nthawi makumi angapo m'nthawi yochepa. Matenda ogwirizana ndi kukula kwa matenda a shuga: matenda a metabolic, matenda am'mimba a adrenal gland ndi pituitary gland, polycystic ovary syndrome.

Kodi kafukufukuyu amagwiritsa ntchito chiyani?

Pozindikira matenda a insulin (pancreatic tumors) komanso kuti mudziwe zomwe zimayambitsa matenda oopsa kapena a hypoglycemia (pamodzi ndi mayeso a shuga ndi C-peptide).
Kuwona insulin ya insulin yopangidwa ndi maselo a beta.
Kuti mupeze insulin.
Kuti mudziwe ngati odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 ayenera kuyamba kumwa mankhwala a insulin kapena hypoglycemic.

Kodi phunziroli lidzakonzedwa liti?

Ndi shuga wotsika wamagazi ndi / kapena wokhala ndi zizindikiro za hypoglycemia: thukuta, thukuta, kugona nthawi zonse, chikumbumtima chosazindikira, kuona kwamaso, chizungulire, kufooka, mtima.
Ngati ndi kotheka, fufuzani ngati insuliniyo inachotsedwa bwino, komanso munthawi yoyenera kuti muonenso momwe mungayambire.
Mukamayang'ana zotsatira za kuphatikizika kwa maselo a cell (mwa kudziwa kuthekera kwa ma transplants kuti apange insulin).

Zotsatira zake zikutanthauza chiyani?

Mfundo zofunikira: 2.6 - 24,9 μU / ml.

Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafuta azikhala ndi insulin yayitali:

acromegaly
Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome,
fructose kapena shuga-galactose tsankho,
insulinoma
kunenepa
insulin kukana, monga matenda kapamba (kuphatikizapo cystic fibrosis) ndi khansa ya kapamba.

Kodi chingachitike ndi chiyani?

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala monga corticosteroids, levodopa, kulera kwapakamwa, kumathandizira kuwonjezeka kwa glucose.

Pakadali pano, insulin yomwe imapezeka chifukwa cha biochemical synthesis imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati jekeseni, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zifanane kwambiri ndi kapangidwe ka zinthu ndi insulin.
Ma antibodies ku insulin angakhudze zotsatira za phunziroli, chifukwa ngati alipo m'magazi, ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zodziwira kuchuluka kwa insulin (kusanthula kwa C-peptide).

Serum C-peptide
C-peptide mumkodzo wa tsiku ndi tsiku
Mayeso a kulolera a glucose
Madzi a m'magazi a Plasma
Glucose wa urinary
Fructosamine

Ndani amatsogolera phunziroli?

Endocrinologist, Therapist, gastroenterologist.

Insulin (immunoreactive, IRI)

Insulin (immunoreactive insulin, IRI) - mahomoni akuluakulu a kapamba, omwe amachititsa kuti magazi azikhala ndi shuga, chifukwa chake shuga amachoka m'magazi kupita m'maselo.

Nthengwa ndi chofufumitsa chophatikizika. Udindo wa chinthu cha intrasecretory umachitika ndi zisumbu za Langerhans, zomwe zimakhala zosakwana 0.01 gawo la unyinji wa kapamba. M'mabwalo amtundu wa Langerhans, mitundu iwiri ya maselo am'mimba (α- ndi β-cell) imasungidwa, yomwe imatulutsa timagulu tambiri: woyamba - hyperglycemic factor, kapena glucagon yachiwiri, yachiwiri - insulin. Insulin adalandira dzina kuchokera ku liwu "insula" (chilumba). Ndiwo mahomoni okhawo omwe amachititsa kuchepa kwa glucose wamagazi (ndipo, panjira, puloteni woyamba yemwe mawonekedwe ake adapangidwa).

Kulemera kwa puloteni iyi, komwe kuli maunyolo awiri a polypeptide, ndi 5700D. Insulin imapangidwa kuchokera ku puloteni - chotsogolera cha preinsulin, chomwe, mothandizidwa ndi michere ya proteinolytic, imasweka mu gland ndipo pang'ono zina zimakhala zina, mwachitsanzo, minofu yamafuta, kudzera muzinthu zapakatikati zimasandulika kukhala zinthu zomaliza - insulin ndi C-peptide. Insulin imapangidwa mosavuta ndi zinc, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale insulin (yokhala ndi kulemera kwa ma 48000 D). Imakhazikika pamabulusi ang'onoang'ono. Kenako ma ma microbubulo (ma granules) amatumizidwa pamodzi ndi timachubu pamwamba pa cell, zomwe zimasungidwa zimatulutsidwa m'madzi a m'magazi.

Machitidwe insulin khungu lililonse limawonetsedwa pakulimbana kwake ndi mapuloteni olandilira kunja kwa membrane wa plasma. Zotsatira za receptor-insulin zovuta zimalumikizana ndi zigawo zina za membrane, chifukwa cha momwe ma macrostosition amapangira mapuloteni a nembanemba amasintha komanso kuchuluka kwa zimagwira. Vutoli limapanga insulini yokhala ndi mapuloteni onyamula, motero limathandizira kusamutsa shuga m'maselo.

Kupangidwe kwa matenda a shuga mellitus kumalumikizidwa ndi kusintha kwa mseri komanso magwiridwe antchito a insulin, zomwe zimadziwika kwambiri zaka 2500 zapitazo (mawu oti "matenda ashuga" adalowetsedwa kale.

Zisonyezo za kupangika kwa insulin

Kutsimikiza za mtundu wa matenda ashuga.
Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu kwa hypoglycemia (matenda a insulinoma, amaganiziridwa kuti ndi ma hypoglycemia).

Kukonzekera phunzirolo. Kuyamwa magazi kumachitika m'mawa makamaka pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Zida zofufuzira. Seramu yamagazi.

Njira Tanthauzo: electrochemiluminescent yokha (katswiri wa kafukufuku wa Eleksys-2010, wopanga: F. Hoffman-La Roche Ltd, Switzerland).

Maofesi: μU / ml.

Mfundo Zothandiza (Insulin Norm). 2-25 μU / ml.

Kuyesedwa kwa insulin ndi chiani?

Chiyeso cha insulin chitha kuchitika m'njira ziwiri:

Njira yoyamba yodutsira kusanthula kwamtunduwu imatchedwa yanjala. Zimakhala m'chenicheni kuti kufunafuna kwakuthupi kumachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu. Mukamaliza kusanthula motere, chakudya chatha, maola 8 ayenera kudutsa. Pankhaniyi, kuperekera kusanthula kwakonzedwa m'maola.
Njira yachiwiri yodziwira tsogolo la munthu kudzera mu shuga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito shuga. Wodwalayo amamwa kuchuluka kwake, amadikirira maola awiri kenako ndikupereka magazi.

Pali njira inanso yoyeserera magazi kuti mupeze insulin. Muli kuphatikiza njira ziwiri.

Njira iyi ndi yolondola kwambiri. Choyamba, munthu amayesa magazi a insulin pamimba yopanda kanthu, kenako kudya shuga, pambuyo pake amadikirira maola angapo ndikuperekanso magazi.

Njira iyi imakuthandizani kuti muwone chithunzi chomwe chikuchitika mthupi kwambiri. Komabe, pakuyezetsa matenda, ndikokwanira kupereka magazi m'mawa wokha, pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Insulin nthawi zambiri imatchedwa thunthu la mapuloteni, omwe amapangidwa ndi maselo apadera a kapamba. Kupanga kwa zinthuzi kumadalira kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi. Chithandizo chachikulu cha kachipangidwe kameneka ndimazindikiritso ndikuwunikira kwake momwe ntchito ya shuga imathandizira.

Kuyesedwa kwa insulin ndi chiani? Chiyeso chosavuta cha insulin, chifukwa chomwe mungazindikire matendawa m'njira zamatenda koyambirira ndipo ngati kuli koyenera, muthane ndi njira yochizira matendawa.

Mapuloteni a insulin ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri, ndikupereka mayendedwe azinthu zonse za michere ku ma cell a ziwalo za anthu ndikuthandizira gawo loyenera la chakudya. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti mutatha kudya shuga, kuchuluka kwa insulin m'mwazi kumachepa.

Kuchuluka kwa shuga mu hematopoietic dongosolo kumakhudzanso kupanga kwa insulin m'magazi, ndipo chithunzi cha chipatala pakuwunika kwa insulin ndikuwunikira momwe ntchito yochizira matenda ashuga imayendera.

Matenda omwe afotokozedwawo ndi matenda oopsa omwe glucose omwe amakhala mulingo woyenera samalowa m'matumbo, zomwe zimayambitsa kusokonezeka kwazinthu zonse. Pachifukwa ichi, kuyezetsa magazi kwa insulini kumakupatsani mwayi wodziwikitsa matenda omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga okha, komanso mitundu yake, komanso zovuta zomwe zimayenderana ndi matendawa.

Amayambitsa insulin yotsika komanso yayitali mwa amuna ndi akazi

Komabe, kuwonjezereka pang'ono kwa chizolowezi pakufunikira kwa insulin mwa azimayi ndi abambo kungawonetse kuthekera kwa kupezeka kwa matenda amtsogolo - matenda ashuga a mtundu wa 2 wa minofu atrophy, kupezeka kwa kulemera kwambiri kwa thupi, komanso zinthu zina zotupa za chiwindi.

Kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi kungayambike chifukwa chokhala ndi zochitika zolimbitsa thupi komanso mtundu wa matenda ashuga 1.

Kumva ludzu
Kumva kutopa kwambiri ndi kufooka,
Kuyendetsa mkodzo
Zosasangalatsa kumva kuyabwa.

Gluttony
Chikopa
Manja akunjenjemera ndi ziwalo zina za thupi,
Kuchuluka kwa mtima,
Mikhalidwe yosintha
Thukuta kwambiri.

Mulingo wa insulin m'magazi aamuna ndi aakazi

Kodi chizolowezi cha insulin chachimuna ndi chachikazi ndi chiyani? Mlingo wa insulin mwa amayi ndi abambo ulibe kusiyana kwakukulu. Itha kusinthasintha pazifukwa zina.

Chizindikiro cha insulin mwa munthu wathanzi chimasiyana kuchokera pa 3.0 mpaka 25.0 mcED / ml, ngakhale kuti kukonzekera kudutsa kuyesedwa koyenera kumachitika molingana ndi malamulo onse. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mulingo wa insulin m'mwazi womwe umagwira ntchito moona ungadziwike pokhapokha kuwunikira pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Izi ndichifukwa choti chakudya chimapangitsa kuti ena ayambe kupanga mahomoni ofotokozedwa.

Mu achinyamata panthawi ya kutha, zambiri zimatha kutengera kutengera mtundu wa chakudya,
Mwa azimayi adakali aang'ono, kuyenerera kwa digito kumatha kukhala kosiyana ndi chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito njira iliyonse yazomwe zimachokera mu mahomoni komanso kutengera kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta,
Amayi amtsogolo, kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi nthawi zonse kumakhala kokwera kuposa kwazonse, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe amakhala nazo.

Miyezi yabwinobwino ya insulin m'mwazi wa akazi ndi amuna ndi ofanana. Nthawi zina, kusiyana pang'ono kumakhala kotheka. Mwa akazi, uku ndi kutha msinkhu (kutha) ndi pakati.

Muyeso wa insulin mwa mkazi zimatengera zaka. Popita nthawi, zizindikiro zikuwonjezeka kwambiri.

Mwa amuna, kuchuluka kwa insulin kumadaliranso zaka. Okalamba amafunika mphamvu zowonjezera. Chifukwa chake, patatha zaka 60, kuchuluka kwa insulin komwe kumapangidwa kumawonjezeka.

Ndi zizindikilo ziti zomwe zikuonetsa kuti ndikofunikira kuwunikira? Ndiyenera kuyang'ana chiyani?

Nthawi zambiri, kuyezedwa kwa insulin kumatsimikiziridwa kuti kutsimikizire kapena kukana kuzindikira matenda ashuga. Komanso, chifukwa chodzipereka ndi kupezeka kapena kukayikira kwa matenda a endocrine. Iwo omwe amayang'anira zaumoyo ayenera kuyang'anira zotsatirazi zomwe zikuwoneka m'thupi la munthu:

Kusintha kwa kulemera, mmwamba ndi pansi. Ichi ndichizindikiro chododometsa ngati palibe kusintha kwa zakudya komanso kusuntha komwe kumachitika m'moyo wamunthu. Ndiye kuti, ngati munthu amasuntha ndikudya mgonero womwewo tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo thupi lake limasintha, izi zikutanthauza kuti vuto linalake lachitika m'thupi. Kuti muzindikire izi, ndikofunikira kuchita kafukufuku.
Kufooka, kuchepa kwa ntchito yogwiritsanso ntchito ndi chizindikiro cha kusokonezeka kwa njira zilizonse. Kuti mudziwe zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli, muyenera kulumikizana ndi a chipatala kuti mumupime mayeso ofunika komanso kupititsa mayeso, kuphatikizapo insulini.
Chizindikiro china cha kuphwanya kupanga mahomoni omwe ali pamwambawa ndicho kuchiritsa kwa mabala kwa nthawi yayitali. Mwachitsanzo, mabala kapena ma abrasions amatenga nthawi yayitali kutuluka magazi komanso kutulutsa magazi. Chizindikirochi chikuwonetsanso kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka magazi a munthu.

Zizindikiro za Insulin Yaikulu

Ngakhale kuchuluka pang'ono kwa insulin kumakhudzanso thanzi. Kukwiya, ulesi ndi kutopa zimawonekera. Pang'onopang'ono amayamba kudwala. Kuphatikizika kwa chidwi ndi kukumbukira kumakulirakulira, ndipo potency imachepa. Thupi limachepetsa kuyamwa kwamafuta. Munthu akulemera kwambiri. Popita nthawi, kunenepa kumayamba.

Insulin ilinso ndi vasoconstrictor effect. Izi zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi, kusayenda bwino kwa magazi, kukula kwa kulephera kwa impso. Wodwalayo amadwala matenda osowa tulo komanso vuto la kulankhula, mutu wovuta, komanso vuto lokaona.

Kuwonjezeka kwambiri kwa insulini m'magazi kumapangitsa thukuta kugwira ntchito, kupumira pafupipafupi, tachycardia komanso kugwedeza kwamphamvu m'thupi.

Chizindikiro china chowonjezera cha insulin ndi hypersecretion ya zotupa za sebaceous. Kupezeka kwake kukuwoneka ndi maonekedwe a kuyabwa kwa khungu, ziphuphu zakumaso, dandruff ndi seborrhea. Mafuta ochulukirapo omwe ali m'malo a tsitsi ndi nkhope zimapangidwa.

Kuwonjezeka kwa mahomoni amodzi kumayendera limodzi ndi ludzu lomwe limavuta kuthetsa, ndikulimbikitsa pafupipafupi kukodza. Ngati zinthu za insulin zikupitilirabe, kuchiritsidwa kwa nthawi yayitali kwa mabala, mikwingwirima ndi zikwapu zimawonedwa. Ngakhale kuwonongeka kwa minofu yaying'ono kumabweretsa kutupa ndi kupitilira.

Kuzindikira ndi chizolowezi molingana ndi zaka

Kuzindikira za insulin nthawi zambiri kumayendetsedwa ndi adokotala, koma ndizotheka kuyang'ana kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi, komanso kuchuluka kwa shuga, popanda kutsimikizira, kupewa. Monga lamulo, kusinthasintha pamlingo wa mahomoniwa kumawonekera komanso kumva. Munthu amawona zizindikilo zosiyanasiyana zosasangalatsa ndi zizindikilo zakulephera kugwira bwino ntchito kwamkati.

Muyezo wa mahomoni m'magazi a akazi ndi ana kuyambira 3 mpaka 20-25 μU / ml.
Mwa amuna, mpaka 25 mcU / ml.
Panthawi yapakati, minofu ndi maselo amthupi amafunika mphamvu zambiri, shuga ochulukirapo amalowa m'thupi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mulingo wa insulin ukuwonjezeka. Zomwe zimachitika mwa amayi apakati zimawerengedwa kuti ndi 6-27 mkU / ml.
Mwa anthu achikulire, chizindikiro ichi nthawi zambiri chimakulitsidwa. A pathology amatengedwa ngati chizindikiro pansipa 3 ndi pamwamba pa 35 μU / ml.

Mulingo wa mahomoni amasinthasintha m'magazi tsiku lonse, ndipo umatanthauzanso za anthu odwala matenda ashuga, popeza kuchuluka kwa mahomoni kumadalira gawo la matenda, chithandizo, mtundu wa matenda ashuga.

Monga lamulo, kwa odwala matenda ashuga, kuyezetsa magazi kwa shuga kumatengedwa, kutsimikiza kwa insulin m'magazi kumafunikira pazovuta zazikulu za matenda a shuga omwe ali ndi zovuta komanso zovuta zina za mahomoni.

Mitundu iwiri ya kafukufuku imagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa kuchuluka kwa insulin. Poyamba, kuyesedwa kwa magazi kumachitika m'mawa m'mimba yopanda kanthu - pafupifupi maola 8 mutatha chakudya chomaliza. Mwinanso izi zimangokhala ma labotale.

Pachiwiri, kuyeserera kwa glucose kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Wodwala amapatsidwa chakumwa cha shuga pamimba yopanda kanthu. Pambuyo pa maola awiri, kuyezetsa magazi kumatengedwa. Zomwe zapezedwa zimatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa insulini. Kuti zotsatira zake zizikhala zolondola momwe zingathere, chakudya chamasiku atatu chimafunikira dzulo lake.

Komanso kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kungadziwike kunyumba. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera chida chapadera - glucometer. Miyeso yonse imachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Musanagwiritse ntchito chipangizocho, muyenera kusamba ndikusamba manja anu kuti magazi aziyenda bwino. Kuboola chala pachala kuyenera kuchitika kuchokera kumbali, osati pakati.

Izi zikuthandizira kuchepetsa ululu. Dontho loyamba lamwazi lopukutidwa ndi pepala la thonje.

Yachiwiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji pa mzere woyezera.

Kodi kusanthula kumaperekedwa bwanji?

Mwa munthu wathanzi lathunthu, kuyezetsa magazi kwa insulin kumawonetsa ma 3 mpaka 20 mamililita miliyoni. Mwa ana aang'ono, kuchuluka kumeneku sikusintha. Kutha msambo, maselo amazindikira kuti thupi limachepa (amayamba kugonjera insulin). Kusanthula kwa insulin m'magazi kumawonetsa kusinthasintha kwake masana komanso kutengera chakudya.

Zakudya zilizonse zopatsa mphamvu zimachulukitsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa timadzi tating'onoting'ono. Zotsatira za kuyesedwa kwa magazi pakusintha kwa insulini ndi kulolerana kwa glucose, kukana insulini komanso njira zina za pathological.

Nthawi zina mseru wa mahomoni uwu umakhala wokwera kwambiri. Izi zimachitika:

zotupa mu kapamba,
matenda ashuga
ma pancreatic pathologies ena.

Odwala ambiri sakudziwa kuti awa ndi mayeso a magazi a insulin ndipo m'njira iliyonse amaopa kuchita. Izi ndi zachabechabe: kusankha kuyezetsa magazi kwa insulin kumathandizira kudziwa matenda ambiri owopsa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amatha kuuza dokotala momwe angachitire matendawa.

Kudziwa zomwe kusanthula kwa insulin kumawonetsa, mutha kumuuza wodwala nthawi yomwe imayenera kumwa. Nawa milandu ena omwe amauza wodwalayo kuti kusintha kumachitika mu kapamba ake ndipo ndikuyenera kuwunika zomwe zili pazinthu izi.

Kuchulukitsa thupi. Poterepa, chiwopsezo cha minofu chimachepa pang'onopang'ono.
Cholowa chamtsogolo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati pali munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga m'banjamo, ndikofunikira kupereka magazi kuti adziwe momwe timadzi timene timakhalira.
Kusuta.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zakumwa zoledzeretsa.
Zakudya zoperewera m'thupi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chakudya chamagulu ochulukirapo.
Matenda a mtima.

Onetsetsani kuti mwawonana ndi dokotala kuti apange kafukufuku wamankhwala, momwe mungayang'anire kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi kuti mupeze chithandizo china, ngati:

popanda zifukwa zomveka, kulemera kwa thupi kumasintha kwambiri,
ludzu lidawoneka popanda zolimbitsa thupi,
pakamwa lowuma
wokhala ndi zofooka zochulukirapo,
ngati pali kuwuma ndi pakhungu
ngati mabala ang'ono ndi mabala amachira pang'onopang'ono.

Ambiri ali ndi chidwi ndi momwe mayeso a insulin amaperekedwera. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti magazi amatengedwa kuti awoneke kuchokera mu mtsempha. Amayikidwa mu chubu chapulasitiki kenako ndi ayezi. Osapitirira mphindi 15, itha kukhala pakati. Labotale imagwira ntchito ndi zitsanzo zachisanu za zinthu zachilengedwe.

Magazi amasonkhanitsidwa m'mitundu iwiri. Mmodzi wa iwo amayikidwa mu chubu chopanda kanthu, ndipo chachiwiri mumtsuko wodzaza ndi sodium fluoride kapena potaziyamu oxalate. Izi ndizofunikira kuti tidziwe kuchuluka kwa shuga.

Magazi atatengedwa, malo opangira mitsempha ayenera kuphwanyidwa ndi mpira wa thonje. Izi zimachitika kuti hematoma isapangidwe. Ngati zidawonekera, ndiye kuti kutentha kwadzuwa kumathandizira.

Pambuyo pakuwunikira, wodwalayo amatha kumwa mankhwalawa ndikudya zakudya zamasiku onse.

Ambiri sadziwa momwe angatengere mayeso a insulin. Ena amaphwanya mfundo zofunika kukonzekera phunzirolo. Pakalipano, kulondola kwa kusanthula ndi chithandizo chamankhwala zimadalira momwe angaperekere magazi chifukwa cha insulin. Chifukwa chake, kuti mupange kusanthula kolondola, kukonzekera kotero ndikofunikira.

Kwa maola khumi ndi awiri (!) Maola musanatenge zinthu zomwe muyenera kufa ndi njala.
Asanapange kusanthula, glucocorticosteroids, ACTH sayenera kumwedwa. Ngati sizotheka kuletsa mankhwalawa, muyenera kudziwitsa dokotala.
Amayi saloledwa kutenga njira yolerera pakamwa.
Musanatenge magazi, muyenera kugona pansi kwa theka la ola. Izi zimawongolera kulondola kwa zotsatira.

Insulin ndi amodzi mwa mapuloteni omwe amapezeka m'thupi la munthu omwe amachititsa kagayidwe kazakudya ndi michere. Insulin imapangidwa ndi kapamba, ndipo mukamachita kafukufukuyu, mutha kudziwa osati zomwe zili mumapuloteni m'magazi okha, komanso kuwunika ntchito ya gland palokha. Dzina lina loyesedwa ndi kusanthula kwa insulini.

Mothandizidwa ndi mankhwalawa, wodwalayo amatenga magazi a venous, omwe ma plasma amapatulidwa kenako ndikuwonetsetsa kuti insulin ili mu labotale imatsimikiziridwa momwemo. Izi zimachitika pomanga ma mamolekyulu amadzi a plasma ku ma antibodies omwe amakhala ndi enzyme inayake, motero amatha kusuntha.

Zotsatira zake kuti ma antibodies oterewa amayamba kumanga mapuloteni, kuchuluka kwa njira yothetsera momwe plasma idayikidwira imayamba kusintha, ma antibodies ochulukirapo amakumana ndi insulin.

Ndikosatheka kuyesa kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi kunyumba: izi zimafunikira zida zapadera zofufuzira, ndipo katswiri wodziwa bwino yekha ndi amene angadziwe zotsatira zake.

Kuchulukitsa kwa insulini mwa munthu wathanzi labwino, kutengera zinthu zambiri, kumatha kusinthasintha pamlingo wa 3-20 mU / ml. Ngati zotsatira za kusanthula zikuwonetsa mtengo wotsika, kupezeka kwa matenda osokoneza bongo amapangidwa.

Zizindikiro pamwambapa zimawonetsera ma neoplasms (chosaopsa kapena chovunda) mu kapamba, ndipo munthuyo adzayenera kuyesedwa ndi oncologist. Munkhani ina, timalankhula zambiri za kuchuluka kwa insulini.

Mayeso apakhomo a insulin sanapezebe, njira yokhayo yotsimikizira mahomoni ndikupereka magazi kuti awunikidwe.

Pofufuza, plasma kapena seramu imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Amasonkhanitsidwa mu chubu chosabala, chomwe chimasamutsidwa ku labotale yotsimikizira.

Kuphatikizika kwa mahomoni kumatsimikiziridwa ndi enzyme immunoassay. Chofunikira chake ndicho kumangiriza insulin m'madzi a m'magazi omwe ali ndi ma antibodies ena okhala ndi enzyme.

Ma molekyulu a insulin omwe amamangilira ma antibodies, m'pamenenso mphamvu zowonjezereka za yankho zimasinthika atatha kuwonjezera reagent. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni amawerengedwa.

Madzulo a phunziroli, muyenera kupewa kudya chakudya chochuluka, kudya zakudya zopatsa mphamvu (maswiti, zipatso, ma muffins), mowa. Ola limodzi zinthu zisanatengedwe, simungathe kusuta, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kumwa zakumwa zotsekemera. Magazi amatengedwa kuti aunikidwe m'mawa, pamimba yopanda kanthu - pafupifupi maola 8 ayenera kutha kuyambira nthawi yomaliza yomaliza. Kudalirika kwa zotsatirazi kungakhudzidwe ndi:

mankhwala (hypoglycemic, maantibayotiki),
plasma lipid machulukitsidwe (chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chakudya usiku kapena patsiku la kafukufuku),
chithandizo cha nthawi yayitali ndi insulin - pakukhazikitsa mahomoni opanga, odwala amapanga ma antibodies omwe amasokoneza kupenda kwawonekera.

Ndikofunikira kudziwitsa dokotala wanu wopezeka nawo kuti amwe mankhwala ena mosalekeza, kotero kuti awonetse chidziwitso pafomulo kuti mutumize. Pankhaniyi, kutanthauzira kwa zotsatirazi kumakhala kodalirika kwambiri.

Palibe chifukwa chokonzekera kwambiri kuwunikaku. Ndikokwanira kugona madzulo, ndipo m'mawa, kudzuka, osadya kapena kumwa chilichonse. Kuti zotsatira zake zizikhala zolondola, muyenera kupewa kudya nyama yokazinga ndi mafuta patsiku. Ngati kusanthula kumafunika kuchitika nthawi ina, kwa maola asanu ndi atatu mumangomwa madzi ochepa ochepa kuti muwunike pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Magazi samalimbikitsidwa kumwa pambuyo pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi kuledzera. Komanso bweretsani njira pambuyo mitundu yonse yazidziwitso:

malalachi
Ultrasound
radiology
physiotherapy
mayeso a rectal.

Mu thupi lathanzi, insulin yokhazikika ya 3 mpaka 20 ma Edml amapangidwa. Kulowetsa chakudya kumachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni.

Chifukwa chake, simungadye musanakonze. Odwala omwe amalandira jakisoni ndi insulin sangathe kupeza zotsatira zomaliza, chifukwa zotsatira za mayeso zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni - achilengedwe komanso jakisoni.

Ngati mulingo wa insulin m'thupi suupezeka, ndimazindikira matenda a shuga. Ngati hormoneyo ndi yayikulupo, ndiye chisonyezo cha ma neoplasms omwe angathe kutuluka mu kapamba.

Zisumbu za Langerhans zimachulukana, maselo awo amakula, ndipo amapanga mahomoni ochulukirapo. .

Insulin imapangidwa ndi kapamba ndipo imakhala ndi mapuloteni. Kuchuluka kwake kumatengera kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi a munthu. Kuchuluka kwa insulini kumawonetsa kutsogolo kwa thupi ku matenda ashuga. Kuzindikiritsa zopatuka kuzikhalidwe zomwe zikuwoneka kuti zikuyenera kuchitidwa kuti thupi likhale lathanzi.

Tsopano mukudziwa kuyesa kwa insulin, momwe mungatengere. Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane momwe kukonzekera bwino. Izi ndizofunikira kuti zotsatira zake zitheke.

Asanapereke magazi pamimba yopanda kanthu, kudziletsa pazakudya kuyenera kuchitika kwa maola asanu ndi atatu. Pakadali pano, simungathe kudya ndi kumwa zakumwa. Madzi oyera okha ndi omwe amatha kuthiridwa.
Simungathe kuyeseza ngati wodwala adwala, ndiye kuti amamwa mankhwala. Chowonadi ndi chakuti amatha kusintha zotsatira zake. Mwazi wa insulini uyenera kuperekedwako chithandizo chisanachitike, kapena masiku asanu ndi awiri atamalizidwa. Wodwala amafunikiranso kudziwitsa dokotala kuti akupeza chithandizo, kapena atasiya kumwa ndalamazo. Ngati mankhwalawa atatha, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti insulini ndi yofunika kwambiri pakukonzekera mankhwalawa, ndikofunikira kugwirizanitsa ndi adotolo kuti athe kusokoneza kudya kwa mankhwalawa kuti akwaniritse zitsanzo za magazi.
Maola 24 asanafike phunziroli, muyenera kutsatira zakudya zinazake, monga, kukana kudya zamafuta ndi kumwa mowa. Komanso, simuyenera kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Ngati mukuwonjezera popereka magazi, wodwalayo amakupatsani mayeso amtundu wotere monga ultrasound kapena X-ray, ndiye kuti muyenera kupititsa kaye zomwe mwayesa, kenako nkumapita kukapereka njira zina.

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi a anthu kumatha kusinthasintha malinga ndi kudya. Chifukwa chake, pofuna kulondola pamimba yopanda kanthu, kuyesa kwa insulin kumachitika.

Chikhalidwe cha kukhalapo kwa chinthuchi m'magazi a anthu ndi 1.9-23 μm / ml. Izi ndi za munthu wamkulu. Chizolowezi mwa ana ndichofunikira kuyambira pa 20 mpaka 20 ma microns / ml. Kwa amayi oyembekezera, pali zizindikiro. Kwa iwo, chizolowezi chimachokera pa sikisi mpaka 27 μm / ml.

Pali njira ziwiri zowunikira:

Kuyesa kwanjala. Pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi, wodwalayo amawayeza pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Uphungu! Kuyambira mphindi yomaliza, pafupifupi maola 8 ayenera kudutsa chakudya chisanachitike. Chifukwa chake, kusanthula uku kumayikidwa m'mawa.

Mayeso a kulolera a glucose. Phunziro loyambirira limapatsidwa 75 ml ya shuga kuti amwe, pambuyo pake patatha maola awiri ndikofunikira kutenga zitsanzo zamagazi.

Kuti zotsatira za phunzirolo zikhale zolondola, nthawi zina ndikofunikira kuphatikiza mayeso onse awiri. Pankhaniyi, wodwala ayenera kupereka zomwe ziwonetsedwe kawiri:

m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu
itatha kuyesedwa koyamba, wodwalayo amapatsidwa chakumwa cha glucose solution ndikuwapanganso sampuli yatsopano ya magazi pambuyo pake.

Kuchita mayeso ophatikizidwa otere kumakupatsani chithunzi chatsatanetsatane ndikudziwikitsa moyenera. Komabe, popewa kuphunzira, monga lamulo, ndikokwanira kuchita mayeso "anjala" okha.

Momwe mungakonzekerere phunzirolo?

Kuti mayesowo akhale olondola, ndikofunikira kukonzekera bwino kusakanikirana kwa magazi.

Kukonzekera mwaluso kuli motere:

perekani magazi mwamphamvu pamimba yopanda kanthu, simungadye kapena kumwa chilichonse kupatula madzi oyera okha maola 8 zinthuzo zisanaperekedwe,
ndikofunikira kuyendetsa kusanthula musanayambe maphunziro anu kapena sabata yatha.

Uphungu! Ngati ndizosatheka kusokoneza njira yamankhwala, ndiye kuti muyenera kukambirana nkhaniyi ndi dokotala, chifukwa mankhwala ambiri angakhudze zotsatira zake.

tsiku loti lisanachitike, muyenera kuchepetsa zakudya zamafuta, osapatula mowa, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi,
ngati kupimidwa kwathunthu kwakhazikitsidwa, ndiye kuti ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mupereke magazi musanapite kukasanthula ndi ma radiology, radiology, ndi zina zambiri.

Kuchulukitsa kapena kuchepa kwa thupi, pomwe mukusunga zakudya zomwe mumadya tsiku lililonse komanso zinthu zolimbitsa thupi,
Kumva kutopa komanso kufooka
Kuchira pang'ono ndi kuphwanya umphumphu wa khungu,

Kuyesedwa "pamimba yopanda kanthu." Kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi kumatanthauza kupititsa mayeso pamimba yopanda kanthu,
Yesani "kulolerana" kwa thupi ku glucose. Wodwala yemwe akuwunikiridwa ayenera kumwa makapu 0,5 a shuga pasadakhale, ndikupereka magazi pambuyo maola angapo.

Mtundu womaliza wazomwe amathandizira kumvetsetsa momwe munthu amapangira shuga. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuchititsa mayeserawa kuti mupeze matendawa limodzi kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino komanso zabwino.

Kodi kapamba imagwira ntchito bwanji?
Ndipo kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a munthu.

Insulin m'magazi a munthu wathanzi iyenera kukhala 6 mmol / L. Koma ngati mungayang'anire kusanthula kwake ndi chizindikiro chake chikhale pamtunda kuchokera 6 mpaka 11 mmol / l - izi zidzatanthauzira chinthu chimodzi kuti kulolera kwa glucose kumachepetsedwa, ndiye kuti, sikukonzedwa kwathunthu kugwiritsa ntchito insulin. Ndi kusanthula koteroko, ngati njira sizikutsatiridwa munthawi yake, pali chifukwa chilichonse chopititsira patsogolo shuga.

Ngati ndende ya glucose imaposa 11 mmol pakuyesedwa mobwerezabwereza, imati ndi matenda a shuga.

Kuti mayeso agwiritse ntchito molondola, ndikofunikira, mwa malamulo onse, kukonzekera kuyesedwa kwa magazi a insulin.

Magazi amayenera kuperekedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu, ndipo simungadye kapena kumwa chilichonse musanayeze mayeso, osawerengera madzi maola 6 mpaka 7 asanaperekedwe gawo loyenerera.
Kusanthula kumayenera kuchitika asanalandire chithandizo, kapena kuti atatha masiku 10,
Ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwamafuta zakudya pakumupanga njira zofunika, komanso kupatula kumwa mowa, komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri,
Ngati mayeso amachitika, muyenera kaye kufufuza koyenera, monga kufufuza kwa ultrasound, x-ray, kenako ndikungoyeserera insulin m'magazi.

Kuti magazi atulukire olondola, osapotoza chilichonse, muyenera kutsatira malangizo a momwe mungapatsirane insulin moyenera:

Muyenera kutenga mayeso a insulin pamimba yopanda kanthu, m'mawa kwambiri.
Tsiku lisanayambe kumwa insulini, zochitika zilizonse zolimbitsa thupi siziyikidwa pambali.
Maola 12 musanatenge magazi kuti mupange kafukufuku, simuyenera kudya zakudya zokhala ndi shuga, chakudya chamagulu ambiri - kutsatira zakudya. Maola 8 asanafike panjira musadye, tiyi konse. Madzi osasinthidwa amaloledwa asanachitike.
Kwa masiku awiri, momwe mungaperekere magazi, muyenera kutsatira zakudya zopanda mafuta (kupatula zakudya zamafuta).
Madzulo a mayeso, pewani zakumwa zoledzeretsa.
Ma 2 - 3 omwe atsala musanachite njirayi musasute.
Zotsatira za phunziroli ndi pafupifupi zodziyimira pakusintha kwa mahomoni ogonana, kotero atsikana amatha kuyezetsa magazi ngakhale atakhala kuti ali ndi msambo.

Pofuna kudziwa kuchuluka kwa kapangidwe kake ndi kapangidwe kake, mapangidwe amwazi wa venous amachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu. Masiku angapo izi zisanachitike, tikulimbikitsidwa kupatula kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amachititsa shuga wamagazi (glucocorticosteroids, njira zakulera, Cardio-beta blockers).

Zambiri zolondola pakugwiritsa ntchito shuga ndi momwe maselo a gland amatha kupezeka ndikudutsa mayeso a insulin ndi katundu. Magazi amatengedwa kawiri, nthawi yoyamba kuchuluka kwa insulin ya m'magazi kutsimikizika pamimba yopanda kanthu. Kenako patatha maola awiri mutamwa njira yotsekemera (kuyesa kwa glucose).

Kuti muzindikire matenda ashuga komanso matenda ena omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kulephera kwa mahomoni, ndikofunikira kuganizira kuchuluka kwa insulini kumbuyo kwa mayeso ena (makamaka glucose). Kunyengerera:

Matenda a shuga a Mtundu 1 amasankha shuga wambiri wa insulin (ngakhale mutakhala ndi mayeso).
Matenda a shuga a Mtundu 2 amadziwika ngati insulin yayikulu m'magazi a magazi. (kapena digiri yoyamba ya kunenepa kwambiri).
Chotupa cha pancreatic - insulin yayikulu, shuga yochepa (pafupifupi 2 nthawi yotsika kuposa zabwinobwino).
Mlingo wa kapangidwe ka pancreatic mwachindunji zimatengera ntchito ya chithokomiro ndipo imawonetsa kupatuka.

Mlozera wotsutsa wa insulini umawonetsa momwe maselo amakhudzidwira ndi mahomoni, atatha kukondoweza kapena kuyambitsa kwake mwa njira yochita kupanga. Zolondola, pambuyo pa madzi otsekemera, kuphatikiza kwake kumayenera kuchepa, kutsatira mayamwidwe a shuga.

Njira yachiwiri, kuwunika kwa glucose, kumakonzekera kukonzekera kofanana ndi njira yapita. Pa phunziroli, wodwala ayenera kumwa 75 ml ya shuga. 50 ml akuwonetsedwa kwa ana aang'ono. Kenako amayembekeza maola awiri. Kusintha kwa magazi posanthula kumachitika pambuyo pa kutulutsidwa kwa insulin.

Chiyeso cholondola kwambiri cha insulin ndi chowirikiza, ndikupanga kuyesedwa kwa magazi pamimba yopanda kanthu ndikutsatira katundu.

Mukamayesa kuchuluka kwa insulin, ndikofunikira kuti mukhale chete. Zotsatira zake zimawunikira ndikusokoneza zochitika zolimbitsa thupi komanso psycho-maikutlo.

Chidziwitso chotsimikizika kwambiri chitha kupezeka ngati mupenda kawiri za insulin m'magazi. Kuyesa koyamba kumachitika m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Kenako njirayi imabwerezedwa, koma patatha maola awiri mutatha kudya shuga. Njira yofufuzira yophatikizirayi ipereka chithunzi chonse chazomwe zimagwira ntchito kapamba.

Zizindikiro za phunziroli

Kudziwitsa insulin ndende ndi njira yoyesera yopezera matenda a chotupa chopanga mahomoni awa (insulinomas). Zikatero, kuwunika kwa insulini kumachitika limodzi ndi muyeso wa shuga wamagazi, nthawi zambiri kuchuluka kwake sikupitirira 30. Kupitilira chizindikiro ichi kukuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni ambiri, kapangidwe kake ka maselo otupa.

Zizindikiro zazikulu ndi zomwe zimayambitsa lactic acidosis mu shuga

Lactic acidosis ndi imodzi mwazovuta zosowa za matenda ashuga, omwe amatha kupezeka ndi lactic acid mthupi. Mkhalidwewo ndi wowopsa komanso wokula msanga. Thandizo la kuchipatala lomwe siliperekedwa panthawi yake limabweretsa kukomoka kwa lactic acidosis ndi kufa. Kupereka chithandizo chanthawi yofanana ndi lactic acidosis mu matenda ashuga, ndikofunikira kudziwa zizindikirazo.

Zizindikiro za lactic acidosis

Vutoli limayamba patangopita maola ochepa. Zizindikiro zake zazikulu ndi:

dontho mu kuthamanga kwa magazi
kufooka
kulephera kwa mtima
Zizindikiro zam'mapapo mwanga,
kulemera m'miyendo
kusanza ndi kusanza
kusokonezeka kwa mtima
kupumira msanga
kugwedeza
kupweteka m'mimba komanso kumbuyo kwa sternum.

Zizindikirozi ndizofanana ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa shuga m'magazi. Mkhalidwe wa ketoacidosis amakhalanso pansi pazizindikiro.

Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pawo ndi kukhalapo kwa zowawa m'misempha, monga pambuyo pophunzira zolimbitsa thupi. Ndi ketoacidosis, palibe ululu.

Ngati wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga akudandaula za kupweteka kwa minofu, ndikofunikira kuyeza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikuwona momwe munthu aliri. Kuwonongeka kowopsa mu thanzi, kupezeka kwa zizindikirozi kumawonetsa lactic acidosis. Muyenera kuyimba ambulansi. Ndikosatheka kudzipereka nokha thandizo lanu.

Amayambitsa lactacidemia

Lactic acidosis imatha kukhala mukumwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga. Kapangidwe ka mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi chinthu chachikulu. Chosakaniza chotere chimalepheretsa chiwindi kuti chiwononge lactate owonjezera. Ndi owonjezera lactate m'thupi la munthu, kukula kwa chikomokere mkaka ndikotheka.

Kudzikundikira kwa lactic acid m'thupi lathu kumachitika chifukwa cha kufooka kwa mpweya wa zimakhala, zomwe, zimayambitsa kutsika kwa pH m'magazi.

Matenda omwe amadziwika ndi hypoxia amatha kupweteka lactacidemia. Awa ndimatenda a mtima. Molumikizana ndi matenda a shuga, chiopsezo cha lactic acidosis chimakulanso.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kukula kwa mkaka ukhoza kukhala kulephera kwa kagayidwe kachakudya. Lactacidic chikomoko kwenikweni sichimakula mwa ana omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Njira zochizira

Chithandizo cha lactic acidosis mu matenda a shuga amachitika mu chisamaliro chokwanira ndipo chimaphatikizanso izi:

mtsempha wamagazi wa bicarbonate wa sodium,
kuyambitsa kwa methylene buluu kuti muchepetse chikomokere,
ntchito mankhwala trisamine - amachotsa hyperlactatacidemia,
hemodialysis ndi kuchepa kwa pH mu magazi Kupewa lactic acidosis

Njira yayikulu yopewa matenda a lactic acidosis ndi chithandizo chokwanira komanso chosamala kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga. Maulendo a panthawi yake kwa dokotala, m'malo mwa mankhwalawa mumakhala othandiza kwambiri, muyezo wokhazikika wambiri wamagulu a shuga ndi mfundo zazikulu. Njira zopewera matenda ashuga zimathandizira kukhalanso athanzi.

Zakudya ziyenera kukhala zambiri zamasamba, lactic acid product, zipatso zokhala ndi shuga ochepa. Zosavomerezeka kuti zigwiritsidwe:

chimanga
Zinthu zophika buledi
zipatso zokoma.

Pewani mowa, shuga, soseji, misuzi ya zipatso pa shuga. Timadziti tating'ono tofinyidwa timaloledwa pang'ono. Malo ofunika ndi ndandanda yazakudya. Ziyenera kumveka nthawi yomweyo tsiku lililonse, ngati jakisoni wa insulin.

Mapiritsi ayenera kumwedwa nthawi yomweyo tsiku lililonse. Kudzilowetsa kapena kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndizoletsedwa. Kusintha koteroko kutha kuchitika kokha ndi dokotala.
Thirani insulin m'malo osiyanasiyana kuti jakisoni malo omwewo nthawi zambiri osabwerezedwa. Onani kuyera kwa malo omwe mankhwalawa amathandizira.

Malangizo apadera

Tenga khadi la matenda ashuga nanu.
Yesetsani kuti musadwale ndi matenda a virus. Mavuto amatha kukupweteketsani.
Nthawi zonse muzikhala ndi maswiti kapena ma shuga ochepa ngati muli ndi hypoglycemia.
Pitani ku dokotala wanu pafupipafupi ndikuyesa mayeso ofunika.
Yang'anirani zizindikiro zowopsa ndipo posakhalitsa pitani kuchipatala.

Kutsatira malamulowa, mutha kukhala moyo wabwinobwino kwa zaka zambiri.

Chofunika kwambiri chokhudza insulin ndi mitundu yake

Insulin ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyananso omwe amachititsa moyo kukhala wosavuta kwa ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, mwachitsanzo, ndi phazi la matenda ashuga. Komabe, gawo ili silokonzekera zachipatala chokha, komanso mahomoni omwe amapangidwa mothandizidwa ndi kapamba. Mitundu ya insulin ndi mitundu yanji ya iwo?

Pochizira mafupa, owerenga athu adagwiritsa ntchito DiabeNot bwino. Kuwona kutchuka kwa malonda, tidaganiza zoperekera chidwi chanu.

Magulu a insulin

Gawoli, lomwe lili loyenera pazomwe zili, ndizosavuta. Pakati pawo, amagawidwa ndimankhwala molingana ndi kuthamanga kwa kutulutsa kwake komanso kutalika kwa zotsatira, komanso kuchokera komwe adachokera. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zina, insulin imayikidwa pamapiritsi, omwe amayeneranso kutengedwa ndi shuga kuti apulumutse ku gangrene. Zochita za insulin pankhaniyi sizisintha.

Chigawochi chapamwamba chimaperekedwa mwa mitundu isanu:

kuwonetsedwa mwachangu (kosavuta), komwe kumadziwikanso kuti ultrashort insulin,
yochepa kuchita insulin
nthawi yayitali yodziwonetsa, yomwe imathandiza pamene miyendo yatupa,
insulin yowonekera yayitali kapena yayitali,
kuphatikiza (kapena kusakanizika).

Chifukwa chake, mapangidwe a insulin akhoza kukhala osiyana kwambiri kutengera nthawi ndi mtundu wa chinthucho. Ndi iti yomwe ingakhale yothandiza komanso yothandiza kuti munthu wodwala matenda ashuga azitsimikizika pamodzi ndi katswiri, ndi amene amadziwa zovuta zonse, makamaka, zokhudzana ndi dzanzi. Zimatengera machitidwe a matendawa, kuuma kwake, komanso mavuto ake omwe amakhalanso okhudzana ndi zifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Kenako, tikambirana za mtundu uliwonse wa chinthu chimodzi mosiyana.

About ultrashort

Ultrashort insulin, nthawi zina imapanganso mtundu wa engineering, imayamba kupereka mphamvu yake mutangoyendetsa kwa thupi la munthu, zomwe ndizofunikira kwa encephalopathy. Komabe, imafika pachimake, nthawi zambiri pakatha ola limodzi ndi theka, ndikuchita zonse kuyambira maola atatu mpaka anayi.

Insulin yotere ya ultrashort imayendetsedwa pokhapokha isanayambe kudya, ngakhale itakhala kadzutsa, nkhomaliro kapena chakudya chamadzulo.Mitundu ya zinthu zomwe zimaperekedwa zimaphatikizapo mankhwala monga Insulin Apidra, Novo-Rapid, Insulin Humalog - onsewa amasinthidwa. Mayina awa mosakayikira amadziwika ndi aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga. Zotsatira zoyipa chifukwa cha kumwa zimayamba kuoneka nthawi yomweyo kapena sizimachitika konse. Chifukwa chake, ndi uti wa iwo amene angakhale bwino kusankha payekhapayekha. Kuchita kwa insulin mwachindunji kumadalira kuvomerezeka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito kwake komanso nthawi yayitali.

Pafupifupi

Insulin yochepa imayamba kukhudza osachepera 20 komanso osapitilira mphindi 30.

Mulingo woyenera kwambiri umakwaniritsidwa maola awiri kapena atatu pambuyo pa kuperekedwa kwa mankhwalawa, ndipo nthawi yonse yowonekera ikuchokera maola asanu mpaka asanu ndi limodzi.

Insulin yogwira ntchito yayifupi iyenera kuperekedwa musanadye, imatha kupirira pakapakati pa jakisoni ndi zakudya kuyambira mphindi 10 mpaka 15. Pokonzekera zigawo zoterezi, ndikofunikira kuchita zokhazokha. Nthawi yoyenera ya izi ndi maora awiri kapena atatu atatha jakisoni. Ndikofunikira kuti nthawi yodyerayi izigwirizana ndi nthawi yomwe ikuyembekezedwa kuti ipatsidwe. Zovala zazifupi, zosinthika komanso kusinthidwa, zotsatira zake zomwe ndizosafunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, ndi:

"Insulan Actrapid",
"Humulin pafupipafupi" ndi ena ambiri.

Ndi ndani amene angachite bwino pa matenda ashuga amatsimikizidwanso payekhapayekha, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi insulin.

Pafupifupi pafupifupi nthawi yayitali

Gawo la zinthu zotalika nthawi yayitali limaphatikizira ma insulini omwe amadziwika ndi nthawi yawo kuchokera maola 12 mpaka 16.

Mankhwalawa sadzafunikira jakisoni woposa awiri kapena atatu tsiku limodzi. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika ndi nthawi ya maola 8 mpaka 12, chifukwa amayamba kuthandiza pambuyo maola awiri kapena atatu. Mphamvu ya insulin iyi imafotokozedwa ndikuwonjezera mphamvu kwa thupi. Sikuti ndi mtundu wothandiziranso zokha, komanso wamtundu wamajini.

Kuwonekera kwakukulu komwe kumayamba kumayamba kuwonekera patatha maola asanu ndi limodzi kapena asanu ndi atatu. Zina mwa zinthuzi ndi monga Protafan, Insulan Humulin NPH, Humodar br ndi ena ambiri. Ndani mwa iwo amene angakhale bwino ayenera kusankha katswiri, kutengera mbiri yachipatala. Zotsatira zoyipa ndizosowa kwambiri mukatha kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali.

About gawo lina

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti gawo lotere limadziwikanso ndi magawidwe ena. Kugawidwa koteroko kumachitika ndi chiyambi ndipo kumatha kukhala mtundu kapena mtundu.

Zina mwa izo ndi mahomoni a kukhudzika kwanthawi yayitali.

Choyambirira cha izi ndi chinthu chomwe chimadziwika kuti ng'ombe, chomwe chimapezeka kuchokera kukapamba kwa ng'ombe. Ndiwosiyana kwambiri ndi gawo lina lomwe munthu adachokera, zomwe zimachitika mthupi lawo zimachitika kawirikawiri. Mankhwalawa ndi monga: "Insulrap GPP", "Ultralent." Imapezekanso ngati insulin m'mapiritsi.

Chotsatira, ndikofunikira kuzindikira chiwiya cha nkhumba, chomwe chingakhale nthawi yayitali. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi insulin yaumunthu ndi gulu limodzi lokha la amino acid, lomwe limapangitsanso zovuta zina.

Chidziwitso chinanso cha zinthu zaumunthu ndichilengedwe komanso uinjiniya. Izi zimapangidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana:

mu mawonekedwe oyambilira, gawo lopangira anthu linapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito Escherichia coli,
lachiwiri - limachotsedwa ku nkhumba ndikusintha ma amino acid. Ndi liti lomwe limatsimikiziridwa bwino pambuyo povomerezeka.

Mayina otsatirawa ayenera kuphatikizidwa ndi chinthu chomwe chimafanana ndi munthu: "Actrapid", "Novorapid", "Lantus" ndi ena ambiri.

Gulu lotsiriza limaphatikizapo zofanizira zaposachedwa zamunthu zomwe zimapangidwa pamtundu wa chibadwa, komanso insulin. Akatswiri amawawona kuti ndi abwino kwambiri kwa matenda ashuga, chifukwa zovuta, komanso matupi awo sagwirizana, amachepetsa. Izi zimatheka chifukwa chosowa mapuloteni. Kugawidwa kotereku kumapangitsa kuti kumveke bwino mtundu wanji wa chinthu chomwe chingakhale chothandiza kwambiri kwa odwala matenda ashuga.

Zokhudza wotsutsa

Monga mukudziwa, amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ndipo chinthu monga glucagon chimawonjezera. Izi zikuchokera pamenepa kuti glucagon ayenera kuvomerezeka ngati wotsutsana ndi insulin ya mahomoni.

Chifukwa chake, amakhalanso ndi adrenaline wa mahomoni ndi ma catecholamine ena, cortisol ndi corticasteroids, somatotrapin, mahomoni ogonana, mahomoni a tizroedny (thyroxine, triiodothyranine).

Wotsutsa aliyense wofanana ndi gawo la insulin amawonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ndiko kuti, amachita mosiyana ndi insulin. Amatha kukhala owonetserako nthawi yayitali, kuphatikiza apo, ma anti-hormonal analogues a chinthu chotere, mwachitsanzo, sinamlbumin, apangidwa. Tisaiwale kuti mapangidwe awo amachitidwe adawerengedwa mosamala kwambiri.

Insulin yogwira insulin, yomwe ndi imodzi mwazinthu zatsopano kwambiri za matenda ashuga, imagweranso m'gulu lino.

Chifukwa chake, pali mitundu yambiri yamitunduyi masiku ano. Ena a iwo amakhala nthawi yayitali, ndipo ena satero. Kuvomerezeka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa kokha mothandizidwa ndi katswiri payekha.