Kodi insulini: zochita za mahomoni ndi malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito

Zikondamoyo zimapanga mitundu yambiri yazinthu zofunikira. Amasiyana ndi ziwalo zina za thupi chifukwa zimatha kubisa nthawi imodzi komanso zobisika nthawi imodzi. Mtundu woyamba wa secretion umadziwika ndi kutulutsidwa kwa mahomoni mwachindunji m'magazi, ndi mtundu wachiwiri, zinthu zonse zimasungidwa m'matumbo aang'ono.

Gawo la exocrine limakhala moposa 95% ya kuchuluka kwa kapamba onse. Mpaka 3% imagwera pamabwalo achinyumba (amatchedwanso timadzi tating'ono ta Langerhans), momwe amapangidwira:

Zilumba za Langerhans amazunguliridwa ndi ma capillaries ambiri, motero amalandila michere yambiri yomwe ikufunika kuti zitsimikizike njira zobisika.

Mahomoni omwe amapangidwa mkati mwake amakhudza pafupifupi njira zonse za metabolic m'thupi.

Izi ndi timadzi tambiri tamapuloteni. Imayang'anira kagayidwe kazinthu pafupifupi chilichonse. Choyamba, kuchitapo kwake ndikofunikira kuti kasungidwe kabwino azitsamba azisungunuka. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kudzera mu cell ya cell. Reculin ya insulin ndi njira yofunikira yomwe imayang'anira kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni a nembanemba imayambitsidwa. Ndi magawo omwe amasamutsa mamolekyu a glu mu cell ndipo potero amasintha momwe amawaonera.

Kutumiza kwa glucose kudzera mu insulin ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa minofu ndi adipose minofu, chifukwa amadalira insulin. Amapanga pafupifupi 75% ya maselo am'mimba ndipo amagwira ntchito zofunika monga kusungirako ndikutulutsanso mphamvu, kuyenda, kupumira, ndi ena.

Mphamvu yamagalasi

Kuchita kwa insulin pa kagayidwe kachakudya ka mphamvu ndi michere ndi zovuta. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa zotsatira zake zambiri zimatengera luso la insulin kuti isinthe ntchito za ma enzymes ena. Insulin ndiye mahomoni okhawo amene amayang'anira shuga. Ili ndiye ntchito yake yofunika. Zimapangidwa ndi:

  • Kutsegula kwa ntchito ya ma enzymes omwe amathandizira glycolysis (makutidwe a okosijeni wa glucose kuti apange ma molekyulu awiri a pyruvic acid kuchokera pamenepo),
  • Kuponderezedwa kwa glycogeneis - kupanga shuga ndi zinthu zina m'maselo a chiwindi,
  • Kuphatikiza kwamphamvu ma molekyulu a shuga,
  • Kupangitsa glycogen kupanga ndi mahomoni a insulin omwe amathandizira polymerization a mamolekyulu a glucose kukhala glycogen ndi minyewa ndi maselo a chiwindi.

Kuchita kwa insulin kumachitika chifukwa cha mapuloteni olandirira. Ndi protein ya membrane yovuta ya mtundu wophatikizika. Mapuloteniwa amapangidwa kuchokera ku subunits a ndi b, omwe amapangidwa ndi polypeptide unyolo. Insulin yolumikizidwa ndi tinthu a, ikalumikizidwa, mawonekedwe ake amasintha. Pakadali pano, tinthu b timakhala tyrosine kinase yogwira ntchito. Pambuyo pa izi, gulu lonse la zimachitikira limayambitsidwa ndikuyambitsa ma enzyme osiyanasiyana.

Asayansi sanaphunzirepo bwino momwe kulumikizana kwa insulin ndi zolandirira. Amadziwika kuti nthawi yapakati diacylglycerols ndi inositol triphosphate amapangidwa, omwe amachititsa kuti protein proteinasease C. Zinthu izi zithandizire kuphatikizidwa kwa cytoplasmic vesicles ndi protein yonyamula shuga mu nembanemba. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu onyamula magazi aulere, zambiri zimaperekedwa ku khungu.

Monga mukuwonera, kukhazikitsidwa kwa kuchuluka kwa glucose ndi njira yamagulu ambiri komanso yovuta kwambiri. Zimayendetsedwa ndi ntchito yolumikizana ya chamoyo chonse ndi zinthu zina zambiri. Malangizo a mahormoni ndi amodzi mwofunikira kwambiri pakuyendetsa bwino zinthu motere.Nthawi zambiri, mulingo wa shuga uyenera kukhala pakati pa 2.6 ndi 8.4 mmol / lita imodzi ya magazi. Posunga mulingo uwu (kuphatikiza mahomoni a hypoglycemic), mahomoni okula, glucagon ndi adrenaline amakhudzidwanso. Amakhudzana ndi mahomoni a hyperglycemic.

Ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumagwera pansi pazomwe zikuchitika, thupi la insulin limayamba kuchepa (pomwe siliyenera kusiya).

Minyewa ya shuga ikakhala yotsika kwambiri, mahomoni amtundu wa hyperglycemic amayamba kumasulidwa (amatchedwanso kuti contrainsular). Amakhazikika moyenera shuga. A shuga ochepa kwambiri magazi amatchedwa hypoglycemia. Mkhalidwe uwu ndi wowopsa kwa thupi chifukwa chosowa mphamvu ndi michere yomwe imafunikira pakugwira ntchito yathupi yonse. Kuchuluka kwambiri kwa hypoglycemia ndi hypoglycemic coma.

Zinthu izi zimapangitsa kuti shuga amasulidwe. Kupsinjika kwa mahomoni ndi adrenaline, kuphatikizapo kuletsa kutulutsa kwa insulin m'magazi. Chifukwa chake, mulingo woyenera kwambiri umasungidwa.

Ntchito zina za insulin

Kuphatikiza pa malamulo a shuga, insulin ili ndi zotsatira zingapo za anabolic komanso anti-catabolic,

Zotsatira za anabolic zimathandizira kukhazikitsa ndikupanga maselo ena, minofu, kapena minyewa. Chifukwa cha iwo, kuchuluka kwa minofu m'thupi la munthu kumasungidwa, mphamvu zamagetsi zimayendetsedwa. Mphamvu ya anticatabolic imathandizira kuti kufooka kwa mapuloteni komanso kunenepa kwambiri kwa magazi. Zimakhudzanso kukula kwa minofu ndi% yamthupi.

Ochita masewera amakonda kubaya insulin kuti apange minofu

Zomwe zimachitika mthupi ngati mulibe insulini

Choyamba, mayendedwe a shuga amasokonezeka. Palibe insulin, palibe ma activation omwe amapezeka ndi shuga. Zotsatira zake, mamolekyulu a glucose amakhalabe m'magazi. Pali mavuto ena awiri pa:

  1. Mkhalidwe wamagazi. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga, imayamba kunenepa. Zotsatira zake, magazi amawunda, amatseka kuyenda kwa magazi, zinthu zopindulitsa komanso oxygen sizilowa ziwalo zonse za thupi. Kusala komanso kufa pambuyo pake kwa maselo ndi minofu kumayamba. Thrombosis imatha kudzetsa matenda oopsa monga varicose mitsempha (m'malo osiyanasiyana a thupi), khansa ya m'magazi ndi matenda ena akuluakulu. Nthawi zina, kuundana kwa magazi kumatha kupangitsa kuti magazi azing'ambika.
  2. Njira za masabolic mu cell. Glucose ndiye gwero lalikulu lamphamvu kwa thupi. Ngati sikokwanira, njira zonse za mkati zimayamba kuchepa. Chifukwa chake, khungu limayamba kufooka, silisintha, silikukula. Kuphatikiza apo, shuga yasiya kutembenukira kukhala nkhokwe yamphamvu ndipo, ngati pali kusowa kwa mphamvu, minofu ya minofu singathe, koma minofu yamatenda. Munthu amayamba kuchepa thupi msanga, amakhala wofooka komanso wa dystrophic.

Kachiwiri, njira za anabolism zidzasokonekera. Ma Amino acids m'thupi ayamba kumizidwa kwambiri ndipo, chifukwa chosowa, sipadzakhala mutu wazophatikizira mapuloteni komanso kubwereza kwa DNA. MaIoni pazinthu zingapo amayamba kulowa m'maselo mu zinthu zosakwanira, chifukwa chomwe kusinthanitsidwa kwa mphamvu kudzapangidwira. Izi zimakhudza makamaka maselo am'misempha. Mafuta m'thupi adzafooka, chifukwa chake munthu amalemera.

Popeza anti-catabolic zotsatira zimapangidwanso, njira zamatumbo zimayamba kupezeka mthupi.

Lipolysis imapereka kupanga kwakukulu kwambiri kwa ATP (mphamvu) ikamalephereka - mafuta acids amasandulika kukhala mphamvu, koma kukhala mafuta. Protein hydrolysis imathandizidwanso, chifukwa chomwe mapuloteniwo amawonongeka. Kusowa kwake kumakhudza mkhalidwe wa minofu.

Njira izi za ma cell pafupifupi zimakhudza nthawi yayitali.Zimakhala zovuta kuti munthu achite ntchito zatsiku ndi tsiku, akumva kupweteka mutu, chizungulire, nseru, ndipo amayamba kuzindikira. Ndi kuchepa thupi kwambiri, akumva njala yanyama.

Kuperewera kwa insulin kungayambitse matenda akulu.

Kodi ndimatenda ati omwe amachititsa kuti insulin isasokonezeke

Matenda ofala kwambiri omwe amachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa insulin ndi matenda a shuga. Iagawika m'mitundu iwiri:

  1. Wodalira insulin. Choyambitsa ndichisokonezo cha pancreatic, chimatulutsa insulini yochepa kwambiri kapena sichimatulutsa konse. Mu thupi, njira zomwe tafotokozazi zimayamba. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu woyamba 1 amapatsidwa insulin kuchokera kunja. Izi zimachitika kudzera ndimankhwala apadera a insulin. Amatha kukhala a insulin ya nyama kapena chilengedwe. Ndalama zonsezi zimaperekedwa ngati njira zovomerezeka. Nthawi zambiri, jakisoni amaikidwa pamimba, phewa, phewa kapena kutsogolo kwa ntchafu.
  2. Insulin yodziyimira payokha. Matenda a shuga amtunduwu amadziwika chifukwa chakuti kapamba amapanga insulin yokwanira, pomwe minofu yake imagwirizana ndi izi. Amasiya kuzindikira insulin, chifukwa chomwe wodwala amakhala ndi hyperglycemia. Zikatero, shuga amawongolera ndi kuwongolera zakudya. Zakudya zamafuta ochulukitsa zimachepetsedwa ndipo mndandanda wazakudya zonse zomwe zimadyedwa umaganiziridwa. Wodwalayo amangololedwa kudya zakudya zopatsa mphamvu pang'onopang'ono.

Palinso ma pathologies ena omwe kuperewera kwachilengedwe kumapezeka ndi insulin:

  • Matenda a chiwindi (chiwindi cha mitundu yonse, matenda amitsempha ndi ena),
  • Cushing's Syndrome (kuchuluka kwama mahomoni omwe adrenal cortex imatulutsa)
  • Kunenepa kwambiri (kuphatikiza kunenepa kosiyanasiyana),
  • Insulinoma (chotupa chomwe chimangotulutsa magazi m'magazi)
  • Myotonia (matenda a minyewa ya m'mitsempha yamagazi yomwe mumayenda mosafunikira komanso kukokana kwa minofu),
  • Mahomoni okula ochulukirapo,
  • Kukana insulini
  • Kuwonongeka kwamphamvu kwa pituitary gland,
  • Tumors mu adrenal gland (kaphatikizidwe wa adrenaline, yemwe amawongolera shuga, amakhala operewera),
  • Matenda ena a kapamba (zotupa, kapamba, zotupa, matenda obadwa nawo, ndi zina).

Insulin sikuti ndi mahomoni opangidwa ndi kapamba, komanso mankhwala omwe amafunikira shuga. Ndipo odwala matenda ashuga pawokha amadera nkhawa ngati insulin ndi yoyipa, komanso ngati ingapewe. Poyamba, ndikofunikira kudziwa mtundu wa matendawa, chifukwa ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 sikungatheke popanda insulin, ndipo ndi mtundu 2 umaloledwa, koma pang'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, insulin yochulukirapo ilinso ndi mikhalidwe yake yoyipa.

Ubwino wa insulin

Mu shuga mellitus, dongosolo la endocrine silingathe kupanga kuchuluka kwa insulini - mahomoni ofunikira a metabolism oyenera, omwe amachititsa mphamvu zamagetsi. Amapangidwa ndi kapamba, ndipo amathandizira kupanga chakudya. Thupi limafunikira insulini chifukwa imawonetsetsa kuti likugwira ntchito moyenera. Ubwino wa mahomoni amawonetsedwa motere:

  • imapereka kuchuluka kwa glucose m'maselo kuti asakhazikike mumitsempha yamagazi, ndikuwongolera msinkhu wake,
  • woyang'anira ntchito yama protein,
  • amalimbitsa minofu ndikuletsa kuwonongeka kwawo,
  • imafikitsa ma amino acid kumisempha minofu,
  • imathandizira kulowa kwa maselo a potaziyamu ndi magnesium.

Jekeseni wa insulin mu mtundu 1 wa shuga ndikofunikira, ndipo mu mtundu 2 wa shuga amalepheretsa zovuta m'maso, impso ndi mtima.

Zokhudza thupi la munthu

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ndi mtundu woyamba wa shuga, insulin siyopangidwa kapena yopangidwa pang'ono. Chifukwa chake, jakisoni ndikofunikira. Ndi mtundu 2, timadzi timene timapangidwa, koma sikokwanira kuonetsetsa kuti kunenepa kwa glucose kumachitika kwakukulu chifukwa cha kufooka kwa maselo.Potere, jakisoni safunika kwenikweni, koma odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa zakudya. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kukhala okonzekera kuti mahomoni amakhudza kagayidwe kazakudya, makamaka kowonjezera. Mothandizidwa nawo, kupanga sebum kumakhudzidwa, ndipo m'mafuta osakanikirana, mawonekedwe ake amakhudzidwa. Mtundu uwu wa kunenepa kwambiri ndizovuta kudya. Kuphatikiza apo, mafuta amawaika m'chiwindi, zomwe zimayambitsa hepatosis. Vutoli limadzaza ndi kulephera kwa chiwindi, mapangidwe a miyala ya cholesterol, yomwe imasokoneza kutuluka kwa ndulu.

Zovuta za insulin

Zotsatira zoyipa za insulin pamthupi zimayikidwa motere:

  • Hormalo sililola kuti mafuta achilengedwe asinthidwe kukhala mphamvu, chifukwa chomaliza chimasungidwa m'thupi.
  • Mothandizidwa ndi mahomoni m'chiwindi, kaphatikizidwe wamafuta acids amathandizidwa, chifukwa cha momwe mafuta amadziunjikira m'maselo a thupi.
  • Ma lipase lipase - enzyme yomwe imayambitsa kuphwanya mafuta.

Mafuta ochulukirapo amakhala pamakoma amitsempha yamagazi, amachititsa atherosulinosis, ochepa matenda oopsa komanso kuwonongeka kwaimpso. Atherosclerosis imakhalanso yoopsa pakukula kwa matenda a mtima. Insulin ikhoza kuyambitsa zovuta zina mwanjira ya:

  • kuchuluka kwa madzi mthupi,
  • mavuto amawonedwe
  • hypoglycemia (dontho lakuthwa la shuga),
Insulin imatha kuchepetsa shuga kwambiri ndikupangitsa hypoglycemia.

Kuwonongeka kwa lipodystrophic kumawerengedwa chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wa insulin nthawi yayitali. Ntchito zolimbitsa thupi sizivutika, koma chilema chaumboni chimawonedwa. Ndipo apa, hypoglycemia ndiye vuto lowopsa kwambiri, chifukwa mahomoni amatha kuchepetsa shuga kwambiri kotero kuti wodwalayo amatha kuzindikira kapena kugwa. Izi zitha kupewedwa ndikutsatira malingaliro a dokotala, makamaka, kuyendetsa mahandawo theka la ola limodzi asanadye.

Mu chibadwa cha anthu mumakhala chikhumbo chosagwiritsa ntchito chilichonse, cholembedwa kuti "choyipa", kapena "chabwino." Njira zonga izi “zosawona pang'ono” nthawi zambiri zimavulaza kuposa zabwino. Wina angakhulupirire kuti anthu adaphunzira kale phunziroli mu 1980s, pomwe adalakwitsa kuti adanenanso kuti mafuta omwe amapezeka muzakudya zamachimo onse, koma tsoka.

3. Insulin imakulitsa kaphatikizidwe wamafuta acids. Insulin imakulitsa kaphatikizidwe wamafuta acid m'chiwindi, komwe ndi gawo loyamba pakukwaniritsidwa kwamafuta. Koma zimatengera kupezeka kwa chakudya chamafuta ochulukirapo - ngati kuchuluka kwake kumapitirira muyeso winawake, amatha kuwotchedwa nthawi yomweyo kapena kusungidwa ngati glycogen.

4. Insulin imayambitsa lipoprotein lipase. Insulin imayambitsa enzyme yotchedwa lipoprotein lipase. Ngati mukudziwa bwino terminology yamankhwala, ndiye kuti izi zitha kuzindikiridwa ngati mawonekedwe a insulin. Kupatula apo, lipase ndi enzyme yomwe imaphwanya mafuta, bwanji osangowonjezera voliyumu?

Kumbukirani kuti tangokambirana momwe insulini imathandizira kapangidwe ka mafuta m'thupi la chiwindi. Ma acid ena owonjezerawa atasinthidwa kukhala triglycerides, amagwidwa ndi ma lipoproteins (mwachitsanzo, mapuloteni a VLDL - lipoproteins otsika kwambiri, amatulutsidwa m'magazi, ndikuyang'ana malo oti awasungire.

Pakadali pano, zonse zikuyenda bwino, chifukwa ma triglycerides sangatengeke ndi mafuta maselo. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale mutakhala ndi ma triglycerides okwanira m'magazi anu, simudzadziphatikiza kwenikweni. mpaka lipoprotein lipase idabwera.
Akangoyamba kugwira ntchito ndi insulin, lipoprotein lipase imaphwanya ma triglycerides amenewa kukhala achepetsa mafuta acids, omwe amachedwa mosavuta komanso mosavuta ndi maselo amafuta, amasinthidwanso pamenepo kukhala ma triglycerides, ndikukhalabe m'maselo a mafuta.

5. Insulin imalimbikitsa kusinthana kwa glucose kumaselo amafuta. Insulin imalimbikitsa kulowerera kwa glucose m'maselo a mafuta kudzera m'matumbo awo a maselo amafuta. Monga momwe mungaganizire, kusunga shuga wambiri m'maselo a mafuta sikubweretsa chilichonse chabwino.

Kuthetsa chithunzi cha insulin

Insulin, yokha, siyikofunikira kuti ipangidwe panthawi yake masana. Inu nokha mumalimbikitsa kutulutsa kwa insulin panthawi yoyenera, komanso m'malo oyenera. Ndipo pali njira zowongolera njirayi.

Muyenera kusankha zomwe zimakusangalatsani - kumanga minofu, kapena kuchotsa mafuta.

"Ndimangofuna kumanga minofu!"
Ngati cholinga chanu chachikulu ndikupanga minofu, muyenera kusamalira kuchuluka kwa insulin tsiku lonse.

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire kuchuluka kwambiri kwa insulin mukangolimbitsa thupi, monga panthawiyi, minyewa yam'mimba imakhala yovomerezeka ku insulin ndi zonse zomwe zimanyamula nayo (mwachitsanzo, glucose, BCAA).

"Ndikufuna ndichotse mafuta!"
Ngati cholinga chanu ndi kuchepa kwamafuta kokha, muyenera kukhala ndi, pafupifupi, kuchuluka kwambiri kwa insulin tsiku lonse.

Lingaliro loyamba mwa anthu ena limakhala loti njira yochotsera mafuta ndikusunga insulin tsiku lonse, tsiku lililonse. Inde, koma pokhapokha malingaliro anu ataphunzitsidwa atatsika poyenda ndi alley.

Ngakhale mulibe chidwi pakupanga minofu, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuyambitsa kupanga insulini pambuyo pophunzitsidwa mwamphamvu. Izi zitha kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso kuwongolera glucose ndi ma amino acid m'maselo a minofu. Kupanda kutero, mudzazindikira kuti mukutaya minofu yamtengo wapatali, motero mukusokoneza kayendedwe ka metabolic komwe kamayaka mafuta.

Simukufuna kuwoneka ngati mafupa ophimbidwa ndi khungu mutachepetsa thupi, sichoncho? Ndipo ndizomwe mungasinthe ngati simupereka minofu yanu ndi ma amino acid omwe amafunikira.

"Ndikufuna ndimange minofu ndikuchotsa mafuta."
Zachisoni, ambiri sakhulupirira kuti ndizosatheka kumanga minofu ndikumataya mafuta.

Sinthani insulin

Chilichonse chomwe mungasankhe, kumbukirani kuti kusinthaku sikuyenera kukhalabe komweko kwa miyezi. Pezani insulin masana, ndipo mutha kupambana, kupewa zovuta.

Makonda anu:

Insulin zachilengedwe

Insulin yokha imapangidwa ndi thupi. Atatha kudya chakudya, chakudya chimagawika m'magazi am'magazi, omwe amakhala ngati mphamvu.

Zikondazo zimatulutsa insulini kuti izithandiza thupi kugwiritsa ntchito komanso kusamutsa shuga m'thupi. Insulin imagwira ntchito zonsezi limodzi ndi mahomoni ena monga amylin ndi glucagon.

Insulin ndi matenda a shuga

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu 1, kapamba sangapangitse insulini. Thupi la anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 amatha kupanga insulin, koma sangathe kuigwiritsa ntchito bwino. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa kuwonongeka kwakuthupi kumapangitsa kuti shuga azikhala wamphamvu, mwachitsanzo:

  • zolembera zimawoneka m'mitsempha yam'munsi, mtima ndi ubongo.
  • ulusi wamitsempha wawonongeka, umayambitsa dzanzi komanso kumva kugunda komwe kumayamba ndi miyendo ndi mikono.
  • chiopsezo chakhungu, kulephera kwa impso, kuwonongeka kwa mtima, kugunda kwa mtima ndi kuduladula manja kapena miyendo kumawonjezeka.

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu woyamba a shuga ayenera kubayira insulin mthupi mwawo kuthana ndi shuga omwe amalowa mthupi kudzera mu chakudya.

Kuchita kwa insulin kumakula mwanjira yoti sikungameze, chifukwa kumafunidwa ndi zinthu zina ndikuphwanyidwa ndi madzi a m'mimba. Ndiye chifukwa chake insulin imalowetsedwa m'thupi kuti nthawi yomweyo ilowe m'magazi.

Odwala onse ndiwachilendo, ndipo zomwe zimapangitsa kudziwa matendawa, ndi moyo wa munthu, ndizofunikira kuthandizidwa. Tsopano insulin ikupezeka mitundu yoposa makumi atatu, ndipo zochita za insulin zimatha kukhala zosiyanasiyana pakanthawi.

Amasiyana wina ndi mnzake momwe amalandirira, mtengo wake komanso momwe amathandizira.Mitundu ina ya insulini imapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito nyama, monga nkhumba, ndipo mitundu ina imapangidwa mwaluso.

Mitundu ya insulin

Mitundu ya insulin yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a shuga ndi monga:

  • Kuchita zinthu mwachangu. Thupi limayamba kugwira ntchito pasanathe mphindi zisanu. Kuchuluka kwake kumachitika mu ola limodzi, koma chochitacho chimatha msanga. Jakisoni amayenera kuchitika pakudya, monga lamulo, insulin "yofulumira" imayendetsedwa limodzi ndi nthawi yayitali.
  • Mwachidule. Kuchita insulin mwachidule kapena insulini yokhazikika. Zotsatira zamtunduwu zimapezeka theka la ola. Itha kuledzera musanadye. Insulin yochita zinthu mwachidule imayendetsa shuga m'magazi kwakanthawi kochepa kwambiri kuposa insulini yothamanga.
  • Insulin ya nthawi yayitali. Mankhwala nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi insulin mwachangu kapena insulin yochepa. Izi ndizofunikira kuti insulini ichitepo kanthu kwa nthawi yayitali, mwachitsanzo, osachepera theka la tsiku.
  • Insulin yokhala nthawi yayitali nthawi zambiri imaperekedwa m'mawa. Imasokoneza shuga tsiku lonse, pokhapokha ngati imagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi insulin yochepa kapena insulin yofulumira.
  • Insulin yosakanikirana ndi ya insulini yapakatikati komanso yochepa. Insulin yotere imayendetsedwa kawiri patsiku, isanadye. Nthawi zambiri, mtundu wa insulini umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu omwe zimawavuta kusakaniza ndi insulin okha, kuwerenga malangizo ndikupeza mankhwala. Mtundu wa insulini yomwe wodwalayo angafune zimatengera zifukwa zosiyanasiyana.

Thupi la munthu aliyense limagwiritsa ntchito mosiyanasiyana pakupereka insulin. Yankho la kudya kwa insulin limatengera zomwe munthu amadya komanso nthawi yanji, kaya akuchita nawo zamasewera komanso kuti ndi wotakataka motani. Kuchuluka kwa ma jakisoni omwe munthu amatha kupanga, msinkhu wake, kuchuluka kwa ma shuga a shuga, zonsezi zimakhudza kusankha mtundu wa insulin komanso njira yomwe ingayambitse thupi.

Source ndi kapangidwe

Ma insulini onse amalowa mthupi la munthu momwe amapangira zakumwa zomwe zimasungunuka. Insulin ikhoza kukhala yosiyanasiyana, koma yayikulu: U-100 ndi magawo zana a insulin pa 1 ml ya madzi.

Zowonjezera zimayikidwa mu yankho lomwe limalepheretsa kukula kwa mabakiteriya ndikukhalabe osalolera acid-base usawa. Mwa anthu ena, zinthuzi zimatha kuyambitsa ziwengo, koma zotere sizachilendo.

Tsopano mitundu yonse ya insulini ku United States ndiyotengera insulin yamunthu. Insulin yoyamba yopanga idapangidwa mu 1980s, idatha kusinthiratu ma insulin a nyama, omwe amapangidwa kuchokera ku kapamba a nkhumba ndi ng'ombe.

Komabe, anthu ena amalekerera insulin ya nyama bwino, chifukwa chake FDA imalola kuitanitsa kwa insulin mwachilengedwe kwa magulu ena a odwala.

Insulin

Dokotala wofunsayo amatsimikiza njira yoyenera ya insulin yoyendetsera wodwalayo, machitidwe ake ndi momwe zinthu zilili m'thupi. Monga lamulo, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1 amayamba kubaya kawiri patsiku, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya insulini ikusakaniza mitundu inayi ya zinthu. Anthu ambiri amavomereza kuti jakisoni 3-4 patsiku limapereka chiwongolero chabwino cha magazi, komanso amalepheretsa kapena kuchepetsa zovuta m'maso, impso, kapena mitsempha yomwe matenda a shuga amayambitsa.

Pakadali pano, njira zingapo zoyendetsera insulin zilipo: kugwiritsa ntchito cholembera (cholembera), syringe kapena pampu.

M'badwo watsopano wa ma syringe ndi singano ndizofowoka kwambiri kuposa zitsanzo zakale, izi zimapangitsa kuti jakisoni asakhale owawa kwambiri. Singano imayikiridwa pansi pa khungu, m'matumbo a adipose, matako, phewa kapena pamimba.

Cholembera

Cholembera cha insulin chimagulitsidwa ndi insulin ndipo chimakhala ndi muyeso. Nthawi zina amakhala ndi makatoni apadera mumakina. Pano, insulin imabayidwa kudzera mu singano, koma choyambitsa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa piston.Chipangizocho chimakhala chosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ana omwe amapangira insulin okha. Zachidziwikire, ndizosavuta kuposa botolo ndi syringe.

Pampu ndi chipangizo chaching'ono chomwe mungathe kunyamula nanu. Insulin imalowetsedwa nthawi zonse kudzera pa chubu kulowa mu catheter, yomwe imayikidwa pansi pa khungu pamimba.

Ubwino waukulu wa pampu ndikuti chipangizochi chimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kukhala kosalekeza, kuchepetsa kapena kuthetsa kwathunthu kufunika kwa jakisoni.

Njira zatsopano

Popita nthawi, wodwala matenda ashuga amakhala atazolowera kugwiritsa ntchito singano, koma jakisoni wokhazikika samakhala wosangalatsa komanso wovuta. Asayansi nthawi zonse akuyesera njira zatsopano kuti apange njira zatsopano zoperekera insulin.

M'mbuyomu, omwe adapanga njira zatsopano adafotokozera jakisoni wa insulin ndi inhalation, koma opanga adasiya kugulitsa izi mu 2007.

Mwina tsiku lina, zophukira za kubayirira insulin mkamwa kapena zigamba zapadera za khungu zidzagulitsidwa. Koma tsopano wodwalayo amangotenga mapampu, ma syringe ndi syringe.

Mankhwala ndi kapangidwe kake

Mphamvu yothandiza ya chinthuchi imalumikizidwa ndi mamangidwe ake. Izi ndi zomwe zidapangitsa chidwi cha asayansi kuyambira pachiyambi pomwe kupezeka kwa timadzi timeneti. Popeza njira yeniyeni yanthawi yomwe amapangira zinthu zoterezi zimatha kudzipatula.

Mwachilengedwe, mtundu wokha wa mankhwala ndiosakwanira kufotokoza kapangidwe kake. Koma zilinso zowona kuti sayansi siyimayima ndipo lero mphamvu zake zamankhwala zadziwika kale. Ndipo izi zimatipangitsa kuti tisinthe mankhwala atsopano komanso ochulukitsa omwe cholinga chake ndi kuchiritsa anthu odwala matenda ashuga.

Kapangidwe kake, kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala kamaphatikizapo ma amino acid ndipo ndi mtundu wa mahomoni a peptide. Kapangidwe ka molekyulu yake kali ndi maunyolo awiri a polypeptide, mapangidwe ake omwe amapanga zotsalira za amino acid, zomwe kuchuluka kwake ndi 51. Maunyolo awa amalumikizidwa ndi milatho yopanda malire yomwe imatanthauziridwa kuti "A" ndi "B". Gulu "A" lili ndi zotsalira 21 za amino acid, "B" 30.

Kapangidwe kake ndi kugwira kwake ntchito kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chilengedwe ndi kosiyana. Mwa anthu, kapangidwe kameneka kamatikumbutsa zambiri osati zomwe zimapangidwa mthupi la nyani, koma zomwe zimapangidwa mu nkhumba. Kusiyana pakati pa kapangidwe ka nkhumba ndi anthu kumangokhala mu amino acid yotsalira, yomwe ili mu unyolo B. Mitundu yotsatira yachilengedwe yomwe imafanana ndi ng'ombe ndi ng'ombe, yomwe ili ndi kusiyana kwamitundu itatu ya amino acid. Pazinyama zoyamwitsa, mamolekyulu a chinthuchi amasiyana kwambiri mabowo amino acid.

Ntchito ndi zomwe mahomoni amakhudza

Mukamadya mapuloteni, insulin, monga peptide hormone, siikumbidwa ngati ina iliyonse m'matumbo, koma imagwira ntchito zambiri. Chifukwa chake, zomwe mankhwalawa amachita, makamaka insulini, amathandizira kutsitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Komanso kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa cell nembanemba kwa glucose.

Ngakhale imagwira insulin ndi ntchito zina zofunika mthupi:

  • Zimathandizira mawonekedwe a chiwindi ndi minofu kapangidwe ka glycogen - mawonekedwe amasungidwe a shuga m'maselo a nyama.
  • Kuchulukitsa kaphatikizidwe ka glycogen,
  • Imachepetsa ntchito zina za enzymatic zomwe zimawononga mafuta ndi ma glycogens,
  • Imapangitsa insulin kuti iwonjezere mapuloteni komanso mafuta,
  • Imawongolera machitidwe ena aumunthu ndipo imakhudza mayamwidwe oyenera amino acid ndi maselo,
  • Imachepetsa mawonekedwe a matupi a ketone,
  • Imalimbikitsa kukomoka kwa lipid.

Insulin ndi mahomoni omwe amawongolera kagayidwe kazachilengedwe m'thupi la munthu. Udindo wake monga mapuloteni m'magazi ndikuchepetsa shuga la magazi.

Kulephera kwa katemera wa insulin m'thupi la munthu, chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa maselo a beta, nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kuperewera kwa insulini komanso kuzindikira matenda a shuga 1.Kuphwanya kulumikizana kwa chinthuchi pamatumbo kumayambitsa kukula kwa matenda a shuga a 2.

Kodi chinthuchi chimanunkhira bwanji? Chizindikiro cha matenda ashuga, omwe, choyamba, chimakopa chidwi ndi kununkhira kwa acetone kuchokera mkamwa. Chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa mahomoni ofotokozedwawo, glucose samalowa m'maselo. Pokhudzana ndi zomwe njala yeniyeni imayambira m'maselo. Ndipo glucose wophatikizika amapezeka pakupanga matupi a ketone, polumikizana ndi komwe kununkhira kwa acetone kuchokera pakhungu ndi mkodzo kumawonjezeka. Chifukwa chake, fungo lotere likaonekera, muyenera kufunsa dokotala.

Kupezeka ndikupanga zinthu izi m'zaka za zana la 20 ngati mankhwala a anthu odwala matenda ashuga kupatsa anthu ambiri mwayi osati wowonjezera moyo wawo ndi matenda oterowo, komanso kuti azisangalala nawo mokwanira.

Kupanga kwa mahomoni m'thupi

Ndi ma cell a "B" okha omwe ndi omwe amapanga zinthu izi mthupi la munthu. Hemuloni ya insulin imayendetsa shuga ndikuchita pazinthu zamafuta. Ndikuphwanya njirazi, shuga amayamba kukula. Mothandizirana ndi izi, malingaliro a asayansi akukumana ndi ntchito m'magawo monga zamankhwala, sayansi ya zamankhwala, sayansi ndi majini opanga maumboni kuti amvetsetse mfundo zonse za biosynthesis ndi machitidwe a insulin pamthupi kuti athe kuwongolera njirazi.

Chifukwa chake, ndi ma cell a "B" omwe amachititsa - kupanga insulini m'magulu awiri, imodzi ndi yakale, ndipo inayo ndi yotukuka, yatsopano. Poyamba, proinsulin imapangidwa - siyogwira ntchito ndipo imagwira ntchito yamafuta. Kuchuluka kwa chinthuchi kumatsimikizika pa 5% ndipo zomwe zimagwira m'thupi sizidziwika bwinobwino.

Hemeni ya insulin imasungidwa ndi maselo a "B" poyamba, monga timafotokozere pamwambapa, ndikusiyana kokhako kuti amapita ku Golgi tata, komwe amakakonzedwanso. Mkati mwa gawo ili lama cellular, lomwe limapangidwira kapangidwe ndi kudziunjikira kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi ma enzymes, C-peptide imasiyanitsidwa.

Zotsatira zake, insulini imapangidwa ndikuchuluka kwake, ikusungilira kuti izisungidwa bwino mumtsuko zazinsinsi. Kenako, ngati pakufunika insulin m'thupi, yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose, maselo a "B" amatulutsa timadzi tambiri m'magazi.

Chifukwa chake thupi laumunthu limapanga mahomoni ofotokozedwawo.

Kufunika ndi gawo la mahomoni ofotokozedwawo

Chifukwa chiyani timafunikira insulin mthupi la munthu, chifukwa chiyani chinthu ichi chimagwira ntchito yanji? Thupi laumunthu la ntchito yolondola ndi yofananira nthawi zonse limapereka lingaliro kuti kwa maselo ake aliwonse amafunikira kwakanthawi:

  • Yokhazikika ndi mpweya
  • Michere yomwe amafunikira,
  • Glucose.

Umu ndi momwe ntchito yake yofunika imathandizidwira.

Ndipo glucose momwe amapangira mphamvu inayake imapangidwa ndi chiwindi ndipo, kulowa m'thupi ndi chakudya, amafunika kuthandizidwa kuti alowe mu cell iliyonse kuchokera m'magazi. Mukuchita izi, insulini yolowetsa glucose m'maselo imagwira m'thupi la munthu ngati galimoto, potipatsa ntchito yoyendera.

Ndipo, zoona, kuperewera kwa chinthuchi kumaphetsa thupi ndi maselo ake, koma owonjezera angayambitse matenda monga mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga, kunenepa kwambiri, kusokoneza kugwira ntchito kwa mtima, mitsempha yamagazi, komanso ngakhale kuyambitsa khansa.

Pokhudzana ndi zomwe tanena pamwambapa, mulingo wa insulini mwa munthu wodwala matenda ashuga uyenera kuyesedwa pafupipafupi, kuyesa mayeso ndikupita kuchipatala.

Kupanga ndi chinthu chimodzi

Insulin yachilengedwe imapangidwa m'mapamba. Mankhwala omwe afotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi, kukhala mankhwala ofunikira, adasintha kwambiri pakati pa anthu omwe akuvutika komanso akudwala matenda ashuga.

Ndiye ndi chiyani ndipo ndimotani momwe insulini imapangidwira mu mankhwala?

Kukonzekera kwa insulin kwa odwala matenda ashuga kumasiyana:

  • Ku mulingo wina kapena wina,
  • Chiyambi (nthawi zina insulin - bovine, nkhumba, munthu),
  • Zinthu zazing'ono
  • Kusintha
  • pH - yankho
  • Kuthekera kophatikiza mankhwala (zochita zazifupi ndi zazitali).

Kubweretsa insulin kumachitika ndi ma syringe ena apadera, kuyerekeza kwake komwe kumayimiridwa ndi njirayi: mutatenga 0,5 ml ya mankhwala ndi syringe, wodwalayo amatenga magawo 20, 0,35 ml ofanana ndi magawo 10 ndi zina zotero.

Kodi mankhwalawa amapangidwa ndi chiyani? Zonse zimatengera momwe mumapezera. Ndi mwa mitundu ili:

  • Mankhwala ochokera ku nyama,
  • Zosiyanasiyana
  • Umisiri wamtundu,
  • Okonzedwa,
  • Zopanga.

Horoni wa nkhumba wautali kwambiri. Koma kapangidwe ka insulin kameneka, komwe kanali kosiyana ndi mahomoni achilengedwe, kunalibe zotsatira zenizeni. Mothandizirana ndi izi, kupambana kwenikweni komanso kuthana ndi matenda ashuga kwakhala njira yogwiritsidwira ntchito insulin, momwe zinthu zomwe zimakhala pafupifupi 100% zimakhutira ndi anthu odwala matenda ashuga, komanso amisinkhu yosiyanasiyana.

Chifukwa chake, zochita za kuphatikiza insulini kunapatsanso mwayi kuti odwala matenda ashuga akhale ndi moyo wabwinobwino.

Mwa kuwonekera batani "Tumizani", mumavomereza mfundo zachinsinsi zachinsinsi ndikupereka chilolezo chanu pakugwiritsa ntchito deta yanu pazokha komanso pazolinga zomwe zafotokozedwazo.

Kodi chifukwa chiyani insulin ili yoopsa?

Insulin sikuti ndi mahomoni opangidwa ndi kapamba, komanso mankhwala omwe amafunikira shuga. Ndipo odwala matenda ashuga pawokha amadera nkhawa ngati insulin ndi yoyipa, komanso ngati ingapewe. Poyamba, ndikofunikira kudziwa mtundu wa matendawa, chifukwa ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 sikungatheke popanda insulin, ndipo ndi mtundu 2 umaloledwa, koma pang'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, insulin yochulukirapo ilinso ndi mikhalidwe yake yoyipa.

Kodi ndizotheka kukana jakisoni wa insulin?

Zinanenedwa kuti matenda a shuga amtundu wa 1 sangachite popanda jakisoni, ndipo mtundu wosadalira insulini umagwiritsa ntchito timadzi tating'onoting'ono ngati kakanthawi. Thupi limatha kuthana ndi ntchito zake, motero mutha kukana jakisoni, komabe, pali zinthu zina zomwe zimakukakamizani kuti mugwiritse ntchito mankhwala a insulin:

Kutengera phindu la mahomoni opindulitsa, kugwiritsa ntchito jakisoni ndikwachiwonekere, ndipo ena odwala matenda ashuga sangathe popanda iyo, pomwe ena angakhale opanda nkhawa. Ngakhale zotsatira zoyipa pambuyo pa utsogoleri, zimatha kuchotsedwa palokha. Mwachitsanzo, kuti muchepetse kunenepa kwambiri, muyenera kusintha kadyedwe.

Chidziwitsocho chimaperekedwa kuti chizidziwitso chokha chokha ndipo sichingagwiritsidwe ntchito pakudzipanga nokha. Osadzinyengerera, zitha kukhala zowopsa. Nthawi zonse funsani dokotala. Pofuna kukopera mwatsatanetsatane kapena mwatsatanetsatane zinthu zomwe zili pamalowo, kulumikizana kwofunikira kukufunika.

Zotsatira za insulin pa kukula kwa kunenepa kwambiri

Madzi a insulin amatulutsa kapamba poyankha chakudya. Zimathandizira thupi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kuchokera kuzakudya poyendetsa michere ku ma cell. Mitsempha yakam'mimba ikaphwanya chakudya chamagulugigisi ku glucose, insulin imatsogolera glucose kumalo osungira - minofu glycogen, glycogen m'chiwindi ndi minofu ya adipose.

Vomerezani, zingakhale bwino ngati minofu yathu imadya michere, koma insulini sasamala komwe ingawatsogolere. Anthu ocheperako amatha kupindula ndi izi - kuti apangitse mapangidwe ake ataphunzitsidwa kuti apange minofu, koma anthu onenepa kwambiri ayenera kuthera nthawi yayitali kuti akhalebe osasinthasintha.

Ntchito za insulin m'thupi

Osawopa insulini, chifukwa kuwonjezera pa ntchito zake za anabolic (kupanga minofu ndi mafupa am'magazi), imalepheretsa kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni am'mimba, imathandizira kapangidwe ka glycogen, ndikutsimikizira kuperekera kwa amino acid ku minofu. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikusunga shuga wabwino m'magazi.

Mavuto amayamba pamene chidwi cha insulin chikuchepa.Mwachitsanzo, munthu amadya maswiti komanso kunenepa. Samatenga mafuta chifukwa cha insulini, koma chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zopatsa mphamvu, koma m'thupi mwake insulin imakhala yolimba kwambiri - amapitilira shuga m'magazi, kuyesera kuti itsike pang'ono. Kunenepa kwambiri pakokha kumapangitsa kulemera kwa thupi ndikusintha kapangidwe kazinthu ka m'magazi, koma kuchuluka kwa insulini kumapangitsa kuti kapamba azitha kuzimitsa khungu. Umu ndi momwe mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga umakhalira. Inde, izi sizichitika sabata limodzi kapena awiri, koma ngati mukunenepa kwambiri komanso ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito maswiti, muli pachiwopsezo.

Kuchulukitsa kwa insulin kotchinga kumalepheretsa kuwonongeka kwa malo ogulitsa mafuta mkati. Ngakhale ilipo yambiri - simudzachepa. Amachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ngati gwero lamphamvu, kupatutsa thupi kuma chakudya. Kodi izi zikugwirizana bwanji ndi zakudya? Tiyeni tiwone.

Milingo ya insulin ndi zakudya

Thupi limatulutsa insulini poyankha chakudya. Pali malingaliro atatu omwe amathandizira kuwongolera mulingo wake - iyi ndi glycemic index (GI), glycemic mzigo (GN) ndi insulin index (AI).

Mlozera wa glycemic umatsimikizira momwe shuga yanu yamagazi imakhalira mutatha kudya chakudya chamafuta. Mkulu akachuluka m'ndendemo, shuga amawonjezeka mofulumira ndipo thupi limatulutsa kwambiri insulin. Zakudya zokhala ndi GI yotsika ndizodziwika ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba amtundu (mbewu zonse, amadyera ndi masamba osakhazikika), ndipo zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi GI yayitali zimadziwika ndi zoperewera zama fiber (mapira osenda, mbatata, maswiti). Chifukwa chake, mu mpunga oyera, GI ndi 90, ndipo yofiirira - 45. Panthawi yamatenda othandizira, CHIKWANGWANI chamafuta chimawonongeka, chomwe chimakulitsa GI ya malonda. Mwachitsanzo, GI ya karoti yaiwisi ndi 35, ndipo yophika - 85.

Katundu wa glycemic amakupatsani mwayi wodziwa momwe gawo linalake lazakudya zopatsa mphamvu zimakhudzira thupi. Asayansi aku Harvard adapeza kuti kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu, kumakhala kokwanira kuchuluka kwa insulini. Chifukwa chake, mukakonza chakudya, muyenera kuwongolera magawo.

Kuti muwerenge katundu, mawonekedwe ake ndi awa:

(Zogulitsa GI / 100) x zamafuta azakudya pamakonzedwe.

GN Yotsika - mpaka 11, sing'anga - kuchokera 11 mpaka 19, okwera - kuchokera 20.

Mwachitsanzo, muyezo wa oatmeal 50 g umakhala ndi 32,7 chakudya. GI oatmeal ndi 40.

(40/100) x 32.7 = 13.08 - pafupifupi GN.

Momwemonso, timawerengera gawo la ayisikilimu wazirimu 65 g. Mndandanda wa glycemic wa ayisikilimu 60, gawo 65 g, makabatijini pakupatsa 13.5.

(60/100) x 13.5 = 8.1 - GN yotsika.

Ndipo ngati pakuwerengera tikatenga magawo awiri a 130 g, ndiye kuti timapeza 17.5 - pafupi ndi GN yapamwamba.

Mndandanda wa insulin ukuwonetsa momwe timadzi timeneti timadzuka poyankha kudya zakudya zama protein. AI yapamwamba kwambiri ya mazira, tchizi, ng'ombe, nsomba, ndi nyemba. Koma mukukumbukira kuti timadzi timtunduwu timakhudzidwa ndi kayendedwe kazinthu zamagalimoto komanso kayendedwe ka amino acid. Chifukwa chake, izi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Kwa ena onse, ndizosafunika kwenikweni.

Kodi tinganene chiyani pamenepa?

Zogulitsa zokhala ndi index yotsika ya glycemic sizingochepetsa kuteteza insulini, komanso zimapatsa kumverera kwakutali kokwanira satiety chifukwa cha zomwe zimakhala ndi fiber. Zakudya zotere ziyenera kukhala maziko azakudya zochepetsa thupi.

Kuyeretsa ulusi ndi chithandizo cha kutentha kumachulukitsa chakudya cha GI pamene fiber mu chakudya komanso kupezeka kwamafuta kumachepetsa kuyamwa kwa zakudya. Kuchepetsa pang'ono, kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi komanso kuchepa kwa insulini kwambiri. Yesani kudya mapuloteni ndi chakudya chamagulu limodzi, osapewa masamba ndipo musawope mafuta.

Ndikofunikira kuyendetsa magawo. Kuchuluka kwake, kumakhala kofunika kwambiri chifukwa cha kapamba komanso insulin kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, zakudya zazing'ono zingathandize. Kudya pang'ono, mudzapewa kuchuluka kwa glycemic komanso kuphulika kwa mahomoni.

Chakudya chochulukirapo chimabweretsa kunenepa kwambiri, ndipo kunenepa kwambiri nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa matenda ashuga. Muyenera kupanga zoperewera zama calorie m'zakudya zanu, musamadye zakudya zanu komanso muziwongolera kuchuluka kwake kwa zakudya zam'matumbo. Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto losakwanira la insulin ayenera kudya michere yambiri, koma mapuloteni ochulukirapo ndi mafuta monga gawo la zomwe amapeza mkati mwa kalori.

Mutha kudziwa kukhudzika kwanu pang'ono. Ngati gawo lalikulu la chakudya likuwoneka kuti muli ndi chidwi komanso mphamvu, ndiye kuti thupi lanu limatulutsa insulini. Ngati mukumva kutopa komanso kumva njala pambuyo pa ola limodzi, ndiye kuti chinsinsi chanu chikuwonjezeka - muyenera kulabadira kwambiri zakudyazo.

Kuperewera kwa kalori, zakudya zopatsa chidwi, kusankha zakudya zamagetsi ochepa, kuwongolera magawo ndi chakudya kumathandizira kukhala ndi insulin yolimba komanso kuchepetsa thupi mwachangu. Komabe, ngati pali kukayikira kulikonse kwa matenda ashuga, muyenera kufunsa dokotala.

Kukopera nkhaniyi kwathunthu kapena mbali yake nkoletsedwa.

Kodi insulin imawononga chiyani thanzi komanso thupi?

Insulin ndi timadzi tomwe timatulutsa kapamba. Amatenga nawo mbali pamaulalo osiyanasiyana a metabolic ndipo amachititsa kuti thupi lizikhala ndi mphamvu zambiri.

Popanda kupanga, matenda a shuga 1 amayamba ndipo, ngati simuyamba jakisoni, inshuwaransi imakumana ndi imfa. Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, kupanga insulini kumakhala kwabwinobwino komanso ngakhale kukwezedwa, koma minyewa yake sikuidziwa. Zikatero, insulin ndi yoyipa, kayendetsedwe kake sikunawonetsedwa komanso koopsa.

Kuonjezera insulin m'magazi kungayambitse kukula kwa kotchedwa metabolic syndrome - kunenepa kwambiri, kuthamanga kwa magazi, cholesterol yowonjezera, mafuta ndi glucose m'magazi. Mavuto omwewo akhoza kutsagana ndi kuperekedwa kwa insulin popanda kuwonetsa - mwachitsanzo, kukula kwa minofu mu othamanga.

Makhalidwe ofunikira a insulin

Kutulutsidwa kwa insulini kumachitika pamene glucose alowa m'magazi, ndiye kuti chakudya chilichonse chimakhala chothandizira kutulutsa kwa timadzi timeneti.

Nthawi zambiri, zimatsimikizira kuperekera kwa michere m'maselo, omwe amapereka momwe zakhalira.

Mu thupi, insulini imagwira ntchito zingapo zomwe zimatsimikizira ntchito yofunika. Ubwino wa insulin m'thupi umaonekera mwa izi:

  • Amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikuwonjezera kuyamwa kwake ndi maselo.
  • Zimawonjezera kukula kwa minofu ndikulimbikitsa kupanga kwa mapuloteni m'maselo.
  • Zimalepheretsa kuchepa kwa minofu.
  • Amanyamula amino acid kumisempha minofu.
  • Imathandizira kutuluka kwa potaziyamu, magnesium ndi phosphate m'maselo.
  • Imalimbikitsa kapangidwe ka glycogen m'chiwindi.

Zokhudza insulin pa mafuta kagayidwe

Phunziro lomwe limaphunziridwa kwambiri ndi insulin polimbana ndi mavuto a kagayidwe ka mafuta. Zimatsogolera kukukula kwa kunenepa kwambiri, komwe kulemera kumachepetsedwa ndikuvuta kwambiri.

Kukhazikika kwa mafuta m'chiwindi kumabweretsa mafuta a hepatosis - kuchuluka kwa mafuta mkati mwa khungu la chiwindi ndikulowa m'malo mwake ndi minyewa yolumikizana ndikukula kwa chiwindi cholephera. Miyala ya cholesterol imapangidwa mu ndulu, zomwe zimayambitsa kuphwanya kwa mapangidwe a bile.

Kukhazikika kwa mafuta mu mafuta amkati amapanga mtundu wapadera wa kunenepa - komwe kumayambira mafuta m'mimba. Mtundu wa kunenepa kwambiri umadziwika ndi chidwi chochepa chakudya. Mothandizidwa ndi insulin, kupanga sebum kumapangidwira, ma pores pa nkhope amakula, ziphuphu zimayamba.

Njira zoyipa zochitira zinthu zotere zimachitika m'njira zingapo:

  • Enzime ya lipase imatsekedwa, yomwe imaphwanya mafuta.
  • Insulin siyilola kuti mafuta asandulike mphamvu, chifukwa amathandizira pakuphatikizana kwa glucose. Mafuta amakhalabe odzikundikira.
  • Mu chiwindi, mothandizidwa ndi insulin, kaphatikizidwe wamafuta acids amathandizidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafuta azikhala m'maselo a chiwindi.
  • Pansi pa kuchitapo kwake, kulowa kwa glucose m'maselo a mafuta kumawonjezeka.
  • Insulin imalimbikitsa kaphatikizidwe ka cholesterol ndikuletsa kupasuka kwake ndi ma asidi a bile.

Zotsatira zamachitidwe amtunduwu m'magazi, mafuta ochulukitsa kwambiri amawonjezeka, ndipo amawaika pamakoma a mitsempha - atherosulinosis imayamba. Kuphatikiza apo, insulin imathandizira kuchepetsedwa kwa lumen ya mitsempha ya magazi, yolimbikitsa kukula kwa minofu minofu khoma lamitsempha. Zimalepheretsanso kuwonongeka kwa magazi omwe amabisa chotengera.

Ndi atherosclerosis, matenda a mtima amayamba, minyewa yaubongo imakhudzidwa ndi kukula kwa stroko, matenda oopsa oopsa amachitika, ndipo ntchito ya impso imalephera.

Zotsatira za kuchuluka kwa insulin m'mwazi

Insulin ndi othandizira kukula kwa minofu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magawo a cell achulukane. Ndi kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa insulin, chiopsezo cha zotupa zam'mawere zimawonjezeka, pomwe chimodzi mwazinthu zowopsa ndizovuta zamtundu wamtundu wa matenda ashuga a 2 ndi mafuta a m'magazi ambiri, ndipo monga mukudziwa, kunenepa kwambiri komanso matenda a shuga nthawi zonse zimayendera limodzi.

Kuphatikiza apo, insulin ndiyo imayang'anira kusungidwa kwa magnesium mkati mwa maselo. Magnesium ali ndi katundu wopumula khoma lamitsempha. Ngati kuphwanya kwamphamvu kwa insulin, magnesium imayamba kuchotsedwa m'thupi, ndipo sodium, m'malo mwake, imachedwa, zomwe zimayambitsa kuchepa kwamitsempha yamagazi.

Udindo wa insulini pakukula kwa matenda angapo umatsimikiziridwa, pomwe, posakhala chifukwa chawo, umapanga nyengo zoyenera:

  1. Matenda oopsa.
  2. Matenda a oncological.
  3. Njira zotupa zosafunikira.
  4. Matenda a Alzheimer's.
  5. Myopia.
  6. Matenda oopsa a ubongo amayamba chifukwa cha insulin pa impso ndi mitsempha. Nthawi zambiri, pansi pa insulin, vasodilation imachitika, koma zikhalidwe la kutaya chidwi, dipatimenti yachifundo yokhudzana ndi machitidwe amanjenje imagwira ntchito komanso ziwiya zopapatiza, zomwe zimabweretsa kuthamanga kwa magazi.
  7. Insulin imathandizira kupanga zotupa - ma enzymes omwe amathandizira njira yotupa ndipo amalepheretsa kaphatikizidwe ka adiponectin ya mahomoni, omwe ali ndi anti-yotupa.
  8. Pali maphunziro omwe akuwonetsa gawo la insulin pakukula kwa matenda a Alzheimer's. Malinga ndi lingaliro lina, puloteni wapadera amapangidwa m'thupi lomwe limateteza maselo aubongo kuti atulutsidwe ndi minyewa ya amyloid. Ndizinthu izi - amyloid, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma cell a ubongo atha kugwira ntchito yawo.

Mapuloteni omwewo amateteza kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi. Chifukwa chake, pakuwonjezeka kwa insulin, mphamvu zonse zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuchepa kwake ndipo ubongo umakhalabe wopanda chitetezo.

Kuzama kwambiri kwa insulini m'magazi kumapangitsa kuti pakhale vuto lamaso, zomwe zimachepetsa kuthekera kwazowoneka bwino.

Kuphatikiza apo, pakhala kupitapo pafupipafupi kwa myopia mu mtundu 2 wa matenda a shuga komanso kunenepa kwambiri.

Momwe mungakulitsire chidwi cha minofu

Popewa kukula kwa metabolic syndrome, malingaliro otsatirawa akuyenera kuonedwa:

  • Kuletsedwa kwa zakudya zamafuta ambiri mu mafuta m'thupi (nyama yamafuta, offal, mafuta anyama, chakudya chofulumira).
  • Kuchepetsa kudya zamafuta osavuta chifukwa kuchotsedwa kwathunthu kwa shuga muzakudya zanu.
  • Chakudyacho chiyenera kukhala chamagulu, popeza kupanga kwa insulin sikukhudzidwa ndi chakudya, komanso mapuloteni.
  • Kugwirizana ndi zakudya komanso kusapezeka kwa zokhwasula-khwasula, makamaka ndi shuga.
  • Chakudya chotsiriza chimayenera kukhala maola 4 asanagone, chifukwa chakudya chamadzulo chimakhumudwitsa insulin komanso kuvulaza mawonekedwe a mafuta.
  • Ndi kuchuluka kwa thupi, kugwira masiku osala kudya komanso kusala kudya kwakanthawi (kokha kuyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala).
  • Kuyambitsa kudya zakudya zomwe zili ndi fiber zokwanira.
  • Zochita zolimbitsa thupi moyenera ngati mukuyenda tsiku ndi tsiku kapena kuchitira zolimbitsa thupi.
  • Kukhazikitsidwa kwa kukonzekera kwa insulini kungakhale pokhapokha kupanga - ndi mtundu wa 1 shuga mellitus, nthawi zina zonsezi zimabweretsa chitukuko cha matenda a metabolic.
  • Ndi mankhwala a insulin, kuwunika pafupipafupi kuchuluka kwa shuga ndikofunikira kupewa bongo.

Pali zikhulupiriro zambiri zabodza zomwe zimazungulira insulini - mu kanema munkhaniyi adzatsutsidwa bwino.

Ndemanga

Idiots, ndipo mumatenga udindo kwa "abambo" omwe, osaganizira kwambiri, amathamangira ku malo ogulitsira mankhwala a ins, kenako adzayamba kufa m'matumba kuchokera ku hypo ?? Kapena masamba mutatha kudya kuti mukhale moyo?

Otsutsa, kodi udawerengapo nkhaniyi?
Si mawu onena za insulin yovomerezeka.

Nkhani yonena za insulin.

Ponena za zoopsa, ndikuvomera. Chaka chilichonse pamakhala zolima zomwe zimafa chifukwa cha hypoglycemia kapena kusintha masamba. Zachidziwikire kuti salemba izi m'manyuzipepala ndipo samawonetsa pa TV.

chilichonse chomwe mungasankhe, kumbukirani kuti kusinthaku sikuyenera kukhalabe komweko kwa miyezi. Pezani insulin masana ndipo mutha kupambana popanda kupewa

Kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwamafuta, simungathe kudya zakudya zamafuta ndi chisonyezo chambiri cha glycemic mutatha kulimbitsa thupi (kugwira ntchito yayitali), pali mndandanda wazinthu zomwe zili patsamba lino. Ndidzangowonjezera kuti ndisanaphunzitsidwe, ngati mukufuna kuti muchotse mafuta, ndibwino kudya chakudya chamasamba, komanso ndiwo zamasamba zomwe sizikhala ndi wowuma (mukamaphunzitsidwa, mumamva ludzu pang'ono komanso kumadzisangalatsa mosangalala).

Oooh! Tithokoze chifukwa cha kuwola komanso chidziwitso! Ndipo ndimangochita zolakwika.

Superpro , zopatsa mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zimakhala ndi glycemic index yayikulu sizipangika nthawi yomweyo kuchokera pakulimbitsa thupi, koma m'malo mwake zimafunikira ndikufunika
Koma pali zochepa KOMA!
Ndi uti.
Ndilongosola ndi fanizo: kulemera kwanu = 80 makilogalamu, ndiye magalamu 80 amafuta okhala ndi chisonyezo chachikulu cha glycemic ayenera kubzalidwe "(ngati mumalemera 90 makilogalamu, zikutanthauza 90 magalamu) osawopa nokha. Chimenechi ndicho chiyerekezo chomwe chimafotokozera glycogen wathunthu m'thupi. Izi zimakweza msanga shuga, zomwe zimakhudza zinthu zingapo: zitha kuyimitsanso (kusweka) kwa minofu yotsitsa ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yamahomoni owononga (cartisol ndi adrenaline), ndikupangitsa kuti ayambenso kuchira glycogen nthawi yomweyo. Ndipo komabe (zomwe ine ndekha ndinadabwa ndikamawerenga gwero limodzi) zithandizanso kuyaka kwamafuta. Koma chiwerengerochi sichingathe kupitirira. Popeza owonjezera omwe amapanga othamanga "amayatsidwa" kumbali
Ngati mumamwa Aminka nthawi yomweyo kumapeto kwa kulimbitsa thupi, ndiye kuti insulin ikangotulutsidwa nthawi yomweyo mutamwa mankhwalawa (okhala ndi index yayikulu ya glycemic) ayamba kuwanyamula molunjika kumtunda!

Mafuta okhala ndi index yayikulu ya glycemic (mwachangu) amatsutsana tsiku lonse (kupatula - atangophunzitsidwa nthawi yophunzitsira).
Kulankhula mu Chirasha: ngati wadya chakudya chamagulu am'matumbo am'matumbo, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumangophulika, magazi amayamba kunenepa motero, ndizovuta kupompa magazi okhathamira kumtima kwathunthu. Kenako insulini imamasulidwa kuti muchepetse shuga (m'maso) m'magazi. Ngati kudya kwa (chakudya chofulumira) kunali kolondola pambuyo pa kulimbitsa thupi kapena kumapeto kwa kulimbitsa thupi, ndiye kuti mafuta amthupi othamanga amayamba kusinthika kukhala minofu ndi chiwindi glycogen, ndikuwonjezeranso mbali (ngati mudaposa kuchuluka kovomerezeka. Komano pali lingaliro limodzi apa: mudapereka bwanji zabwino zanu kuntchito) ndiko kuti, kuchuluka kwa glycogen komwe adawononga. Muyenera kuti mudakhala ndi maphunziro obwezeretsa kapena obwereketsa m'njira zonse, ndiye kuti ZINSE ZOFUNIKIRA ZIKUKHALA ZOPANDA BWINO!
Ndipo ngati kudya kwa ma carbohydrate okhala ndi chisonyezo chachikulu cha glycemic kunali masana kutacha kulimbitsa thupi, ndiye kuti amapatsidwanso nthawi yomweyo kumbali zanu ndi mwina 100%. Apa ndipomwe ndikofunikira kudya ma carbohydrate okhala ndi GECEMIC INDEX mkati mwa theka loyamba la tsiku (makamaka m'mawa!).Izi zikuthandizani kukweza shuga m'magazi (kubwezeretsedwanso kwa nthawi yayitali) Pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zingathandize thupi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvuyi kwakanthawi yayitali (poyerekeza ndi chakudya cham'mimba), potero osapatsa thupi lamulo loti muchepetse shuga ndi magazi kulisunga m'mbali.

PS: zomwe zaperekedwa ndizabwino kwambiri ndipo ZOFUNA! Zowonadi, izi zikuthandizani MU NTHAWI YA "kusinthana ndi switch" kuti muthe kukonzanso kapena kukhazikitsa dongosolo lonse lamphamvu ndi mphamvu popanda kumuvulaza ngati mafuta owonjezera mapaundi.
Zonse zimatengera zolinga zanu, phunzirani kusintha kusinthaku kutengera malingana!

Ma receptor a insulin amapezeka makamaka m'chiwindi, minofu ndi minyewa ya adipose. Amakhala ndi 2 α-subunits yomwe ili kunja kwa khungu ndipo ndi gawo lozindikira, ndipo 2 β -igonjera yomwe imaboweka membrane wa khungu ndipo imakhala ndi ntchito ya tyrosine kinase. Insulin imamangirira ku α-subunits, imawonjezera ntchito ya tyrosine kinase ya β-subunits, yomwe imayambitsa phosphorylation ya mapuloteni mkati mwa cell: mapuloteni omwe amayendetsa glucose, mapuloteni omwe amayendetsa potaziyamu ndi phosphate ion ku cell, hexokinase, glycogen synthetase ndi ena, zomwe zimatsogolera kusintha kwa metabolic. Kenako zovuta za insulini ndi receptor zimalowa mu khungu, pomwe zimasweka. Receptor imapanganso mu nembanemba, ndipo insulin imalimbikitsa kuyamwa kwa ma amino acid ndi maselo, imayendetsa ntchito ya mapuloteni a ribosomal, kenako imakumbwa ndi lysosomes.

(glucose transporter, glucose activated infusion system)

Masamba obayira

Insulin ya mayamwidwe othamanga ikhoza kulowa m'mimba. Kuphatikiza apo, odwala amapaka jekeseniyo kumtunda kwa phewa. Kuyambitsa insulini pang'onopang'ono kudzakhala ngati mutalowa m'chiuno kapena matako.

Pochiza matenda ashuga, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito njira imodzi ndi malo a insulin popanda kuwasintha. Komabe, pofuna kupewa kukulitsa kapena kudziunjikira minofu ya adipose, tsamba la jakisoni nthawi zina lingasinthidwe. Ndikwabwino kusinthana mozungulira malo a jakisoni ndikudziwa momwe mungabayire insulin molondola.

Kuwunikira

Monga zowonjezera ku insulin, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumayang'aniridwa. Zonse zomwe zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi: zomwe munthu amadya, akudya, momwe amasewera masewera, momwe akumvera, momwe amachiritsira matenda ena, etc. Nthawi zambiri zomwe zimachitika pa moyo wanu zimatha kukhala zosiyana m'magulu a anthu osiyanasiyana komanso kwa munthu m'modzi, koma pamlingo wina wosiyana. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyeza glucose kangapo patsiku, kutenga magazi kuchokera pachala.

Matenda a shuga a Type 1 ndi matenda omwe amakhala moyo wonse, chifukwa chake, amafunikira chisamaliro chamoyo wonse. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa mbali iliyonse yamatenda, izi zipangitsa kuti kuwunika kuyendetsedwe ndikosavuta komanso kosavuta.

Zotsatira za insulin

Insulin ili ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri mu kagayidwe kachakudya, ndi biocatalyst. Thupi limalimbikitsa kusamutsa kwa glucose kuchokera m'magazi kupita ku zimakhala. Kuphatikiza apo, insulin imakhudzidwa ndikusintha kwa glucose mu minofu ya mafupa ndi chiwindi kukhala glycogen.

Insulin imawonjezera chokwanira chokwanira cha michere ya michere ya amino acid, glucose, oxygen ndi ion. Imalimbikitsa kudya zinthu izi ndi minofu. Insulin imakhudzidwa ndi oxidative phosphorylation chifukwa cha kugwira ntchito kwa hexokinase reaction mzunguko ndi tricarboxylic acid. Ndondomekozi ndizofunikira kwambiri pakupanga shuga.

Glucose imapezeka m'misempha yambiri kwambiri mkati mwa madzi amkati, ndi glucohexokinase mkati mwa maselo. Insulin, kukulitsa kupezeka kwa ma membrane am'maselo, imalimbikitsa kuphatikizidwa kwa glucose mu cytoplasm of cell, komwe enzyme imachita. Ntchito ya enzyme ndikulepheretsa zochitika za glucose-6-phosphatase, zomwe zimapangitsa glycogenolysis.

Insulin imakulitsa zotsatira za anabolic m'maselo, ndiye kuti, kaphatikizidwe wa lipids, mapuloteni ndi ma acid a nucleic amawonjezeka, ndipo izi ndi zomwe insulin imagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira thupi. Kuphatikiza apo, makutidwe a oxidation amafuta amayamba, omwe amakhudza kugwira ntchito kwa thupi lonse. Mphamvu ya anticatabolic imalepheretsa glyconeogeneis komanso kupewa kutayika kwa mafuta acids omasuka komanso mawonekedwe a glucose precursors.

Ndi kuchepa kwa chidwi cha minyewa kuchepa kwa mahomoni am'mimba kapena kuchepa kwa insulin, thupi limataya mphamvu yake yodya glucose, yomwe imatsogolera kukula kwa matenda a shuga. Zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda ashuga ndi:

  1. Polyuria (malita 6-10 patsiku) ndi ludzu,
  2. Hyperglycemia (6.7 mmol-l "1 ndi pamtunda, wotsimikiza pamimba yopanda kanthu),
  3. Glucosuria (10-12%),
  4. Kuchepetsa minofu ndi chiwindi
  5. Kuchepa kwa mapuloteni,
  6. Osakwanira oxidation mafuta ndi kuchuluka kwawo mu magazi (lipidemia),
  7. Metabolic acidosis (ketonymy).

Matenda a shuga amatha kudwala matenda oopsa a shuga. Ngati pali inshuwaransi yotsika kwambiri m'magazi, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga, ma amino acid ndi mafuta achilengedwe omasuka kumawonjezeka. Zonsezi ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhudzidwa mwachindunji ndi pathogenesis ya arteriosulinosis ndi diabetes.

Diso la "insulin + receptor" limalowa mkati mwa selo, pomwe insulin imamasulidwa ndikuchita. Zimapangitsa kuyenda kwa glucose kudzera m'mazira am'magazi ndipo zimakhudza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake ndi adipose ndi minofu minofu.

Insulin imakhudzana ndi kapangidwe ka glycogen, imalepheretsa kusintha kwa amino acid kukhala glucose. Ndiye chifukwa chake kuli kofunika kupanga jakisoni wa insulin mukangolimbitsa thupi. Komanso, insulin imakhudzidwa ndikupereka amino acid ku cell. Ndipo izi zimathandizira pakukula kwa minofu ya minofu.

Kuwonetsera kolakwika kwa insulin kumaphatikizapo kuthekera kwake kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa triglycerides mu minofu ya adipose, ndipo izi zimapangitsa kuti mafuta azikhala ochepa kwambiri, omwe ndi enieniwo omwe ma insulin yotulutsa imatulutsa.

Kuchuluka kwa glucose nthawi zambiri kumakhala mu 70-110 mg / dl, ngati chisonyezo pansi 70 mg / dl chizindikiridwa ngati boma la hypoglycemic. Koma kupitilira muyeso kwa maola angapo mutatha kudya kumakhala chizolowezi.

Pakatha maola atatu, kuchuluka kwa shuga kuyenera kutsika mwanjira yake yanthawi zonse. Ngati mutatha kudya, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumadutsa ndipo kumachokera ku 180 mg / dl, matendawa amatchedwa hyperglycemic.

Ngati mulingo wa glucose munthu atamwa shuga wamadzimadzi amayamba pa 200 mg / dl, osati kamodzi kokha, koma pambuyo poyesedwa kangapo, zitha kunenedwa molimba mtima kuti munthu ali ndi matenda a shuga.

Hormone insulin

Ulemu wopanga ntchito zoyambirira zomwe zidapanga njira yodziwitsira matendawa ndi wa wasayansi waku Russia Leonid Sobolev, yemwe mu 1900 adaganiza zogwiritsa ntchito kapamba kuti apeze mankhwala opatsirana ndipo adapereka lingaliro la insulin. Zoposa zaka 20 zidagwiritsidwa ntchito pakufufuza kwina, ndipo pambuyo pa 1923 kupanga insulini ya mafakitale kudayamba. Masiku ano, maholide amaphunziridwa bwino ndi sayansi. Amatenga nawo gawo la kuwonongeka kwa ma carbohydrate, omwe amayambitsa matenda a metabolism komanso mafuta.

Ndi chiwalo chiti chomwe chimatulutsa insulini

Zikondamoyo, komwe ma bunge a B-cell amapezeka, amadziwika ndi sayansi ngati zilumba za Lawrence's kapena chilumba cha pancreatic, amagwira ntchito monga insulin yopanga insulin. Mphamvu yokhudza maselo ndiyochepa ndipo imangokhala 3% yokha ya kuchuluka kwa kapamba. Kupanga kwa insulini kudzera m'maselo a beta kumachitika, gawo laling'ono la proinsulin limasungidwa ndi timadzi.

Kodi subtype ya insulin siyikudziwika mokwanira. Hormayo imodzimodzi, isanatenge mawonekedwe omaliza, imalowa mu chipinda cha cell cha Golgi, pomwe chimatsirizidwa kukhala boma la mahomoni athunthu.Mchitidwewo umatha pomwe mahomoni amayikidwa m'miyala yapadera ya kapamba, komwe amasungidwa kufikira munthu atadya. Mphamvu za B-cell ndizochepa ndipo zimatha msanga munthu akamagwiritsa ntchito zakudya zosavuta za carbohydrate, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga.

Kodi insulin ya hormone ndi iti - iyi ndiye yofunika kwambiri kuyang'anira metabolic. Popanda izi, shuga wolowa m'thupi kudzera mu chakudya sangalowe mu khungu. Hormayo imachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa ma membrane a maselo, chifukwa chake glucose amalowetsedwa m'thupi la selo. Nthawi yomweyo, timadzi timene timalimbikitsa kusintha kwa glucose kukhala glycogen, polysaccharide yomwe ili ndi malo osungirako mphamvu, omwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi thupi laumunthu ndikofunikira.

Ntchito za insulin ndizosiyanasiyana. Amapereka minofu yamasamba ntchito, kukhudza njira za mapuloteni ndi mafuta kagayidwe. Ma hormone amatenga gawo lazidziwitso za ubongo, zomwe malinga ndi zolandilira zimazindikira kufunikira kwa chakudya chamafuta othamanga: ngati pali zambiri zake, ubongo umazindikira kuti maselo amafa ndi njala ndipo ndikofunikira kupanga zosungira. Zotsatira za insulin thupi:

  1. Zimalepheretsa ma amino acid kuti asagonjetsedwe kukhala shuga wophweka.
  2. Amasintha kaphatikizidwe wa mapuloteni - maziko a moyo.
  3. Simalola mapuloteni m'misempha kuti asokonezeke, amalepheretsa minyewa ya atrophy - anabolic.
  4. Amachepetsa kudzikundikira kwa matupi a ketone, ochulukirapo omwe amapha anthu.
  5. Imalimbikitsa kuyendetsa kwa potaziyamu ndi ion ya magnesium.

Udindo wa insulin mthupi la munthu

Kusowa kwa mahomoni kumalumikizidwa ndi matenda omwe amatchedwa shuga. Omwe akudwala matendawa amakakamizika kupaka jekeseni wowonjezera m'magazi. Choyipa china ndi kuchuluka kwa mahomoni, hypoglycemia. Matendawa amapangitsa kuti magazi azithanso kuchepa komanso kuchepa kwa mtima. Kuchulukitsa kuwonjezeka kwa insulin katulutsidwe ndi glucagon ya mahomoni opangidwa ndi ma alpha maselo a pancreatic a Langerhans.

Minofu yodalira insulin

Insulin imathandizira kupanga mapuloteni m'misempha, popanda minofu minofu sangathe kupanga. Kupanga kwa minofu ya adipose, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwira ntchito zofunika kwambiri, ndizosatheka popanda mahomoni. Odwala omwe amayamba matenda a shuga amakumana ndi ketoacidosis, mtundu wa vuto la metabolic lomwe limapangitsa kuti njala yayambike.

Madzi a insulin

Ntchito za insulin zimaphatikizapo kuthandizira kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi, kuyang'anira kagayidwe ka mafuta ndi mapuloteni, kusintha michere minofu. Nthawi zonse pamakhala zotsatirazi.

  • kapangidwe kazakudya zomanga thupi,
  • mulingo wa kagayidwe ndi katemera amasungidwa,
  • imapangitsa kaphatikizidwe ka glycogen, kamene kamakulitsa kupirira ndikusintha kwamisempha minofu,
  • ma amino acid, shuga, potaziyamu amalowa m'maselo.

Mafuta a insulin amayeza mu µU / ml (0,04082 mg wa mankhwala a kristalo amatengedwa ngati gawo limodzi). Anthu athanzi amakhala ndi chizindikiro chofanana ndi 3-25 pamaudindo otere. Kwa ana, kuchepa mpaka 3-20 μU / ml ndikuloledwa. Mwa amayi apakati, chizolowezi chimakhala chosiyana - 6-27 mkU / ml, mwa anthu achikulire opitilira 60 chizindikiro ichi ndi 6-35. Kusintha kwazomwe zikuchitika kukuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa matenda oopsa.

Wokwera

Kuchulukitsa kwotalikirapo kwamapulogalamu amtundu wa insulin kumawopseza kusintha kwosasintha kwa matenda. Vutoli limachitika chifukwa cha kutsika kwa shuga. Mutha kumvetsetsa kuchuluka kwa insulin ndende ndi zizindikiro: kunjenjemera, thukuta, palpitations, kugwidwa mwadzidzidzi ndi njala, nseru, kukomoka, chikomokere. Zizindikiro zotsatirazi zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa mahomoni:

  • zolimbitsa thupi,
  • kupsinjika kwakanthawi
  • Matenda a chiwindi ndi kapamba,
  • kunenepa
  • kuphwanya kukana kwa maselo ku chakudya,
  • ovary polycystic,
  • Kulephera kwa ntchito yamatumbo
  • khansa ndi chotupa chinyezi cha adrenal gland.

Kutsitsidwa

Kuchepa kwa ndende ya insulin kumachitika chifukwa cha kupsinjika, kulimbitsa thupi kwambiri, kutopa kwambiri, tsiku lililonse kumwa mafuta ambiri oyeretsedwa. Kuperewera kwa insulin kumalepheretsa kuchuluka kwa shuga, ndikuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwake. Zotsatira zake, pamakhala ludzu lamphamvu, nkhawa, kugwidwa mwadzidzidzi ndi njala, kusakwiya, komanso kuyamwa pafupipafupi. Chifukwa cha zofanana ndi insulin yotsika komanso yayikulu, kuzindikira kwake kumachitika ndi maphunziro apadera.

Zomwe insulin imapangira odwala matenda ashuga

Nkhani ya zida zopangira mahomoni ndi yofunika kwa odwala ambiri. Insulin yomwe ili m'thupi la munthu imapangidwa ndi kapamba, ndipo mitundu yotsatirayi imapezekanso:

  1. Nkhumba kapena bovine - zochokera nyama. Zopangira zikondamoyo zogwiritsidwa ntchito. Kukonzekera kwa zopangira nkhumba kumakhala ndi ma proinsulin, omwe sangathe kulekanitsidwa, amakhala magwero azinthu zoyipa.
  2. Biosynthetic kapena nkhumba yosinthidwa - kukonzekera kwapawiri kumapangidwa ndikusintha ma amino acid. Zina mwazabwino ndi kuphatikiza thupi la munthu komanso kusowa kwa ziwengo. Zowonongeka - kuperewera kwa zopangira, zovuta za ntchito, mtengo wokwera.
  3. Genetic engineering recombinant - imatchedwa "insulin yaumunthu" mwanjira ina, chifukwa imafanana kwathunthu ndi mahomoni achilengedwe. Thupi limapangidwa ndi ma enzyme a yisiti tizilombo toyambitsa ndi kusinthidwa kwamtundu wa E. coli.

Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito insulin

Ntchito za insulin ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa thupi la munthu. Ngati muli ndi matenda ashuga, mumalandira chithandizo kuchokera kwa dokotala komanso mankhwala malinga ndi momwe mankhwalawo amaperekedwa kwaulere m'mafakitala kapena zipatala. Pakufunika kwachangu zitha kugulidwa popanda mankhwala, koma muyeso uyenera kuonedwa. Popewa bongo wambiri, werengani malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito insulin.

Zizindikiro zogwiritsidwa ntchito

Malinga ndi malangizo omwe aphatikizidwa phukusi lililonse la kukonzekera kwa insulin, zomwe zikuwonetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mtundu wa 1 shuga mellitus (wotchedwanso insulin) ndipo, mwanjira zina, lembani matenda ashuga a 2 a mellitus (osadalira insulini). Zinthu zotere zimaphatikizira kusalolera kwa othandizira a hypoglycemic, kukula kwa ketosis.

Makulidwe a insulin

Dokotalayo amakupatsirani mankhwalawa pambuyo popezeka ndi kuyezetsa magazi. Zochizira matenda a shuga gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala osiyanasiyana malinga ndi nthawi yochepa: yayifupi komanso yayitali. Chisankho chimatengera kuopsa kwa matendawa, momwe wodwalayo alili, kuthamanga kwa kuyambika kwa mankhwala:

  1. Kukonzekera kwakanthawi kochepa kumapangidwira kwa subcutaneous, intravenous kapena intramuscular management. Imakhala yofulumira, yochepa, yochepetsa shuga, imaperekedwa kwa mphindi 15-20 musanadye kangapo / tsiku. Zotsatira zimachitika mu theka la ola, pazofunikira - mu maola awiri, maola pafupifupi asanu ndi limodzi okha.
  2. Kuchita nthawi yayitali kapena kupitilira apo - kumakhudza maola 10-36, kungachepetse jakisoni tsiku lililonse. Zoyimitsidwa zimaperekedwa kudzera mwa intramuscularly kapena subcutaneally, koma osati kudzera m'mitsempha.

Ma syringe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera kulowetsedwa ndi kutsata mlingo. Gawo limodzi limafanana ndi ziwerengero zingapo. Malangizo a insulin

  • sungani zokonzekera mufiriji, ndipo zomwe zimayambira firiji, konzekerani mankhwala musanalowe, chifukwa ozizira ndi ofooka.
  • ndibwino kubaya mahomoni osakhalitsa pakhungu la m'mimba - jekeseni mu ntchafu kapena pamwamba pa matako mumagwira pang'onopang'ono, moyipa kwambiri phewa.
  • mankhwala ogwira ntchito yayitali adalowetsedwa kudzanja lamanzere kapena lamanja,
  • jekeseni aliyense m'malo osiyanasiyana,
  • jekeseni wa insulin, gwira gawo lonse lathupi lathunthu - kuti mupewe kuwawa ndi zisindikizo.
  • kutali ndi jakisoni womaliza osachepera 2 cm,
  • musagwire khungu ndi mowa, mumawononga insulin,
  • ngati madziwo akutuluka, singano idayikidwa molakwika - muyenera kuigwira pakhale madigiri 45-60.

Zotsatira zoyipa

Ndi subcutaneous makonzedwe a mankhwala, kukula kwa lipodystrophy pamalo jakisoni ndikotheka. Osowa kwambiri, koma amawoneka ngati thupi lawo siligwirizana. Ngati zikuchitika, monga chithandizo chamankhwala ndi wogwirizira zimafunikira. Zoyipa zotsutsana ndi:

  • hepatitis pachimake, matenda amkati, jaundice, kapamba,
  • nephritis, urolithiasis,
  • mtima wowonongeka.

Mtengo wa insulin

Mtengo wa insulin umatengera mtundu wa wopanga, mtundu wa mankhwalawa (nthawi yayitali / yayitali, chochita chodyetsa) komanso kuchuluka kwa ma CD. Mtengo wa 50 ml ya insulinum ya mankhwala pafupifupi ma ruble 150 ku Moscow ndi St. Insuman yokhala ndi cholembera - 1200, Protafan yoimitsidwa ili ndi mtengo pafupifupi ruble 930. Mlingo wa mankhwala amakhudzanso kuchuluka kwa insulin.

Pali malingaliro ambiri olakwika okhudza insulin. Kulephera kufotokozera motere chifukwa chomwe anthu ena amakhalira kulemera kwa 90 kg pa 250 g yamafuta tsiku lililonse, pomwe ena samangokhala ndi kulemera kwa 80 kg pa 400 g yamafuta, kumabweretsa mafunso ambiri. Yakwana nthawi yoti mudziwe zonse.

Zambiri zokhudzana ndi insulin

Insulin ndi mahomoni omwe amayang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Munthu akadya chakudya chamafuta, kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumakwera. Zikondazo zimayamba kupanga insulini ya mahomoni, yomwe imayamba kugwiritsa ntchito shuga (itayimitsa njira yakeyake yopanga shuga ndi chiwindi), imafalitsa m'maselo a thupi lonse. Mwa munthu wathanzi, misempha ya m'magazi itachepa, insulin imaleka kupanga. Ubwenzi wapakati pa insulin ndi maselo ndi wathanzi.

Ndi vuto la insulin, ziphuphu zimatulutsa insulin yambiri. Njira yolowera glucose m'maselo ndiyovuta, kupezeka kwa insulini m'magazi kumakhala lalitali kwambiri, zomwe zimabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa (zimachedwa).

Komabe, insulini sili kokha yowongolera shuga. Zimathandizanso kaphatikizidwe kazitape. Imalepheretsanso lipolysis (kuchepa kwamafuta) ndikulimbikitsanso lipogenesis (kudzikundikira kwa nkhokwe zamafuta).

Insulin imathandizira kutulutsa shuga m'maselo ndikulowerera kudzera m'mimba

Ndi ntchito yotsiriza yomwe mbiri yake yoyipa imalumikizidwa. Chifukwa chake ena amati kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi zomwe zimalimbikitsa kupangika kwa insulin kwenikweni kumadzetsa kunenepa kwambiri. Ichi sichinthu chongopeka kuposa nthano chabe, yomwe idzalembedwe pansipa.

Zokhudza thupi insulin zosiyanasiyana pamthupi:

  • Kuwonetsa glucose m'maselo. Insulin imakulitsa kuchuluka kwa maselo a ma cell ma 20 nthawi ya glucose, potero amawupatsa mafuta.
  • Imapangitsa kaphatikizidwe, imalepheretsa kuwola m'chiwindi ndi minofu.
  • Amayambitsa hypoglycemia (kutsitsa shuga wamagazi).
  • Imayambitsa kaphatikizidwe ndikuletsa kupunduka kwa mafuta.
  • Imapangitsa mafuta kuyika mu adipose minofu.
  • Zimapangitsa chidwi cha kaphatikizidwe ndipo zimalepheretsa kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni.
  • Kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa maselo a ma cell a amino acid.
  • Imayambitsa kaphatikizidwe ka i-RNA (chinsinsi cha njira ya anabolism).
  • Imalimbikitsa kupangika ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ya kukula kwa mahomoni.

Mndandanda wathunthu wazintchito ungapezeke mu buku la V.K. Verin, V.V. Ivanov, "HORMONES NDI ZOTHANDIZA ZAWO" (St. Petersburg, TOLIANT, 2012).

Kodi insulin ndi bwenzi kapena mdani?

Kuzindikira kwa maselo kuti apange insulin mwa munthu wathanzi kwambiri zimatengera kapangidwe kazomwe thupi limapanga (kuchuluka kwa minofu ndi mafuta). Minofu yambiri mthupi, mphamvu zochulukirapo zomwe mumafunikira kuti muwadyetse. Maselo a minyewa yaumunthu amatha kudya michere.

Chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa chikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa insulin mwa anthu omwe ali ndi mafuta ochepa komanso onenepa kwambiri. Monga tikuwonera, ngakhale munthawi ya kusala, kuchuluka kwa insulin kwa anthu onenepa kwambiri kumakhala kwakukulu.Mwa anthu omwe ali ndi mafuta ochepa, kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi kumakhala kwakukulu, chifukwa chake, kupezeka kwa insulin m'magazi kumakhala kochepa kwambiri kuposa nthawi zonse, kuphatikiza kwa michere komwe kumachedwa kwambiri.

Insulin ndi mahomoni apamba. Ndiwo mahomoni okha omwe amatha kutsitsa shuga. Zimakhudza kwambiri kugwira ntchito kwa chiwindi ndi minofu. Ndi kuperewera kwake, amaletsa ntchito yawo.

Kupanga kwa insulin kumalimbikitsidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi. Kuphatikiza apo, mahomoni ena, potaziyamu, calcium, mafuta acids, ali ndi katundu wofanana. Ndi kupangidwa kwamphamvu kwa glucagon (hormone ina yapancreatic), insulin katulutsidwe kamachepetsa.

Insulin siyipangidwe ndi maselo onse apachirengedwa, koma ndi amodzi okha: maselo a beta.

Ntchito yayikulu ya insulin ndikuwongolera mayamwidwe a shuga, kuchepetsa kuchepa kwake m'magazi. Motere, ili ndi ntchito zingapo:

  • kukondoweza kwa glucose komwe kumachitika ndi maselo,
  • kupanga ma enzyme omwe amachititsa glycolysis (glucose oxidation process),
  • kukondoweza kwa kupanga kwa glycogen, kuchuluka kwa glucose komwe kumachitika ndi chiwindi ndi minofu minofu,
  • kupewa kutsekeka kwa glycogen ndi mafuta,
  • kuponderezana mphamvu za chiwindi, umalimbana ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga.

Chowonadi: Mlingo wa mahomoniwa amasintha tsiku lonse: umachulukanso kwambiri mukamadya, makamaka wokoma, ndikuchepa kwambiri pakusala kudya.

Insulin imayang'aniranso njira zina za anabolic:

  • kukondoweza kwa mayamwidwe amino acid, potaziyamu, magnesium, phosphates ndi maselo,
  • kutenga nawo mapuloteni kagayidwe,
  • nawo kutembenuka kwamafuta acid.

Kuphatikiza apo, amatenga nawo mbali pokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni, kuonjezera kupanga kwawo ndikuletsa kupasuka kwawo. Ndi chithandizo chake, minofu ya adipose imadziunjikira shuga, ndikusintha kukhala mafuta - chifukwa chake kumwa kwambiri zakudya zotsekemera komanso zosakhudzika kumakhudza chithunzi.

Kuyesa ndi kuchuluka kwa insulin

Kusanthula kumachitika nthawi zonse pamimba yopanda kanthu, chifukwa mukatha kudya, kuchuluka kwa insulin kumawonjezeka. Musanapereke magazi mwachindunji, mutha kumwa madzi oyera okha, chakudya chotsiriza sichikhala mochedwa kuposa maola 8. Zakudya m'masiku angapo omalizira kusanthula kusanakhale mafuta, zonunkhira, zamchere, mowa samayikidwa.

Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kusiya kumwa mankhwala onse. Ngati izi sizingatheke, ndikofunikira kudziwitsa wothandizira wa labotale popereka magazi chifukwa cha insulin.

Zoona: mwa ana, kuchuluka kwa insulini sikumayima pazakudya, motero amatha kupereka magazi kuti athe kuwunikira nthawi iliyonse masana.

Muyezo wa insulin m'magazi ndiwofanana kwa akazi ndi abambo, umachokera ku 3 mpaka 25 mcED / ml, mwa ana ndi wotsika pang'ono - 3-19 mcED / ml, mwa okalamba - 6-35 mcED / ml. Mwa amayi apakati, chizolowezi chitha kuchuluka, chifukwa thupi limafunikira mphamvu zambiri kuti lipange mwana wosabadwayo.

Mahomoni owonjezera

Ngati insulin ikwezedwa, ndiye kuti palibe shuga yokwanira m'magazi. Kukula kwake kopitilira kwa nthawi yayitali kumabweretsa mkhalidwe wotchedwa "hypoglycemia." Izi nthawi zambiri zimayendera limodzi ndi izi:

  • kuponderezedwa kwa psyche,
  • kukhumudwa
  • kusokonezeka kwa kukumbukira
  • zosokoneza
  • kunenepa kwambiri, komwe kumakula msanga,
  • kutopa ndi ntchito yaying'ono,
  • kuthamanga.

Zizindikirozi zimawonekera koyambirira kwa hypoglycemia. Ndi nthawi yayitali ya matenda, kusowa tulo kumawonekera, khungu limakulirakulira - limayamba kukhala mafuta, matenda a impso, matenda am'miyendo.

Zoona zake: hypoglycemia imakula msanga, ndipo ngati sanapatsidwe, kusowa kwa magazi kungachititse kuti musamaganso kapena kugona.

Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti shuga asakwanitse ndi hyperinsulinism, i.e. kupanga insulin kwambiri. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa mitundu yoyambira ndi yachiwiri ya matenda.

Fomu yoyambayo imadziwika ndi mahandiredi okwera kwambiri mumapangidwe ndi shuga ochepa. Amayamba kupangika kosiyanasiyana kapamba kapamba kapenanso shuga.

Hyperinsulinism yachiwiri ndi kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi mwa akazi ndi amuna omwe ali ndi shuga. Potere, zowonongeka zamkati zamanjenje, kupanga kwambiri kwa ACTH, kukula kwa mahomoni ndi glucocorticoids kumachitika. Pali zifukwa zambiri zamtunduwu wamatenda: kulephera kwa chiwindi, matenda aubongo, mawonekedwe a zotupa m'mimba, kutsekeka kwa metabolism.

Hormone kuchepa

Kusakwanira katulutsidwe ka timadzi timeneti kumapangitsa kuti shuga awonjezeke, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maonekedwe a ziwalo za endocrine ziwoneke. Nthawi zambiri, matenda a shuga amakula. Ana ndi omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda amtunduwu kuposa achikulire, chifukwa matupi awo amafunikira michere yambiri. Zimaphatikizidwanso ndi kukula kwa thupi la mwanayo - ziwalo zina sizikugwira ntchito mokwanira, chitetezo chochepa mphamvu chochepa kuposa cha munthu wamkulu.

Chofunikira: kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri madzi kapena mkaka ndi mwana wamng'ono, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana kuchuluka kwake kwa insulin kupatula shuga.

Kumwa kwambiri ndi ludzu losatha ndi chizindikiro chotsimikizika cha matenda a shuga

Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga:

  • shuga wamagazi ambiri
  • mkodzo wambiri, makamaka usiku,
  • kufunikira kwakukulu kwamadzimadzi - kumwa pafupipafupi komanso kuchuluka, komwe kumachitika chifukwa chochotsa madzi ambiri mthupi.
  • kudya kwambiri, chakudya chamafuta ambiri
  • nthawi yayitali ya matenda opatsirana omwe amachepetsa chitetezo chokwanira,
  • kupsinjika
  • kusowa kochita masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena kuchuluka kwambiri.

Njira zowonjezera insulin

Pachifukwa ichi, makonzedwe apadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito omwe amakhala ndi ma analogue opanga mahomoni kapena amathandizira mwachinsinsi. Kupanga insulini kumapangitsanso kuchuluka kwa shuga ndikuthandizira kupanga mahomoni achilengedwe. Kuphatikiza pa chithandizo chamankhwala, physiotherapy imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri - electrophoresis.

Chofunikira: Mlingo wa mankhwala uyenera kusankhidwa ndi adokotala pokhapokha mayeso onse ofunikira.

Mphamvu yayikulu pamankhwala imakhala ndi chakudya. M'pofunika kudya zakudya zazing'ono monga momwe mungathere. Muyenera kupatula mbatata, mpunga, uchi, ufa ndi zakudya zotsekemera kuchokera kuzakudya. Mukamadya nyama, zinthu zamkaka, masamba atsopano ndi zitsamba, insulin mu kapamba imapangidwa bwino. Monga njira yamankhwala othandizira, mavitamini a mineral-calcium omwe ali ndi calcium ndi zinc angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Zinthu izi zimapangitsa kuti magazi azithamanga komanso kuti magazi azituluka.

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumathandizanso. Zitha m'malo mwa kukwera maulendo. Kuyenda kotala kwa ola limodzi kuli kokwanira kuti glucose alowe m'matumbo a minofu, omwe amachepetsa kuyika kwake m'magazi. Kuphunzitsa pankhaniyi ndikofunika kwambiri kuposa kuyenda, chifukwa Pa mphamvu zolimbitsa thupi, minofu imafuna kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa glucose kuposa katundu wopepuka.

Njira zochepetsera insulin

Monga momwe mulili ndi kuchuluka kwa mahomoni awa, muyenera kutsatira zakudya zomwe zili ndi zochepa zamafuta. Ndikwabwino kudya zakudya zazing'ono, koma nthawi zambiri zokwanira. Pofuna kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi, chakudya sichiyenera kukhala ndi calorie yayikulu.

Malangizo: mmalo mwa shuga, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zotsekemera zapadera kapena fructose - zonsezi zitha kugulidwa ku pharmacy wamba.

Kugwiritsa ntchito ulusi ndikofunikira kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Chimakhuta mwachangu, chimaphwanya chakudya, chimachepetsa insulini m'magazi. CHIKWANGWANI chochuluka chimapezeka mumasamba ophika ndi mbewu monga chimanga.

Zakudya ndi gawo lofunika la chithandizo cha matenda ashuga, koma mankhwala amafunikanso. Mwa izi, mankhwala a causative matenda amachitika.Pa mishuga yambiri, mankhwala amaikidwa omwe amatha kuwonjezera insulin sensitivity.

Pomaliza

Insulin yopangidwa ndi kapamba amunthu imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mthupi. Chithandizo cha kuphwanya kubisika kwake nthawi zambiri kumatenga nthawi yayitali ndipo kumayendetsedwa ndimakina okhwima. Kuti mupewe izi, muyenera kudya moyenera, onetsetsani kuti mumachita masewera olimbitsa thupi tsiku lililonse, muzichita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi.

Chikhumbo chofuna kumvetsetsa momwe insulin imagwirira ntchito komanso zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zikuwoneka ngati dokotala atakufotokozerani mankhwalawa pofuna kuchiza matenda a shuga (makamaka) kapena matenda ena omwe amaphatikizana ndi kuchepa kwa chinthuchi mthupi.

Malinga ndi mawonekedwe ake komanso kapangidwe kake ka insulini, ndi mahomoni a peptide omwe amapangidwa ndi kapamba - maselo a beta omwe amakhala m'mphepete mwa Langerhans. Idalandira dzina kuchokera ku liwu Lachilatini la Indula, lotanthauza "chilumba" potanthauzira. Nthawi zambiri, insulini m'thupi imakhudza kagayidwe kachakudya, koma kuphatikiza kwake ndikuthandizira kutsika kwa glucose. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri m'masewera, chifukwa ali ndi anabolic.

Chifukwa cha kupanga insulin, anthu ambiri omwe amadwala matenda a shuga ali ndi mwayi wothandizira moyo, popanda mankhwala awa adaweruzidwa.

Mndandanda wa ntchito zomwe zimathetsedwa ndi insulin zimaphatikizapo ntchito zotsatirazi:

  • kutumiza kwa amino acid, shuga, komanso potaziyamu ndi mafuta kumaselo,
  • kukhalabe ndi glucose yokhazikika m'magazi,
  • malamulo a chakudya muyezo.

Izi sizingokhala ndi ntchito za insulin mthupi, chifukwa zimakulitsa kupezekanso kwa michere ya plasma, zimalimbikitsa kupangika kwa glycogen mu chiwindi ndi minofu minofu, komanso zimakhudza kapangidwe ka mafuta ndi mapuloteni.

Zimagwira bwanji?

Zimakhala zofunikira mukazindikira mtundu wa shuga. Ngati matenda amtundu wa 2 amayamba, ndiye kuti timadzi timene timagwiritsidwa ntchito malinga ndi zomwe zikuwonetsa. Kuchita kwa insulin kumalumikizidwa ndi kapangidwe ka molekyulu yake, momwe mumakhala ma cell awiri a polypeptide omwe ali ndi zotsalira za 51 amino acid: A-chain - 21 ndi B-chain - 30. Ali ndi kulumikizana mu mawonekedwe a milatho yopanda malire.

Kutsegulira kwa kapangidwe ka kapamba ka insulin mthupi la munthu kumachitika ngati ndende ya glucose imakhala yapamwamba kuposa 100 mg / dl. Horm lomwe limalowa m'magazi limamangirira glucose owonjezera ndikumayendetsa kupita ku minofu - mafuta (komwe amasinthidwa kukhala mafuta) kapena minofu (ndikusintha kukhala mphamvu).

Chochita chofunikira kwambiri cha insulin m'thupi la munthu ndikufulumizitsa kayendedwe ka glucose kudzera mu membrane yam'm cell ndikusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka mapuloteni omwe amapezeka mu nembanemba. Komanso timadzi tating'onoting'ono timene timachitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

  • Insulin imayambitsa ma ribosomes omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi kuphatikizika kwa mapuloteni - chinthu chachikulu chomanga cha minofu minofu, chomwe chimathandizira pakulimbitsa.
  • Hormone iyi imakhala ndi zinthu zotsutsa-catabolic zomwe zingalimbane ndi kuwonongeka kwa ulusi wa minofu, zomwe zimathandizira kuti zisungidwe zawo zokha, komanso kukonzanso.

Ndi kuchuluka kwa insulini, zingapo zoyipa zimachitika:

  • kunenepa
  • kulephera pakugwira ntchito kwa mtima.

Zimalepheretsa lipase - enzyme yomwe imayambitsa kuphwanya mafuta, yomwe imapangitsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta ochulukirapo. Kuphatikiza apo, imathandizira kapangidwe ka mafuta acids - lipogeneis. Zotsatira zake, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa triglycerides, ntchito ya zotupa za sebaceous imayambitsa. Khungu limakhala mafuta, kutsekeka kwa ma pores kumachitika, mawonekedwe a ziphuphu.

Komanso, insulin yayikulu imakhala yomwe imapangitsa kuti matenda a mtima apangidwe. Kuwonetsera kwina koyipa ndikumapanikizika kowonjezereka, komanso kumalimbikitsa kukula kwa maselo owopsa.

Njira zogwiritsira ntchito: syringe, cholembera, pampu, njira zina

Insulin imalowetsedwa kudzera m'njira zingapo.

  • Chodziwika kwambiri ndi syringe wa insulin. Chochita ichi, chopangidwa ndi pulasitiki yowoneka, chili ndi zigawo zinayi: thupi looneka ngati silinda lokhala ndi chisonyezo, ndodo ikusunthira mkati mwake, singano ndi kapu yotseka. Singano imatha kukhazikika pamitundu inayake, koma njira yochotsera ndiyofala.

Zingwe zotayirira zowonongeka ndi voliyumu imodzi ya 1 ml zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pozunguliridwa ndi insulin ya 40 U / ml. Kuyika chizindikiro pamlanduwo kumayikidwa mu ma insulin. Pali ma syringes a 2 ml omwe amapangidwira anthu omwe amafunikira insulini yoposa 40 kwa jakisoni imodzi.

  • Kufunitsitsa kukonza njira zoperekera insulin kunalola Novo Nordisk kupanga cholembera ndi 1983, chomwe m'zaka zaposachedwa chafala ku Russia. Papangidwe, chipangizochi chimafanana ndi cholembera.

Zina mwazabwino za cholembera ndimtundu wothandizira kupatsidwa insulin kulikonse osavula zovala zanu. Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa singano yopyapyala, ululu pakhungu jakisoni sakumva kwenikweni ndipo khungu silinavulala. Chingwe chomwe chimadzazidwa ndi insulin chimayikidwa mkati mwa singano. Kulondola kwa mlingo womwe umayendetsedwa umayendetsedwa ndi makina apadera omwe, pomwe batani la shutter limakanikizidwa, limatulutsa, kuwonetsa kuyambitsa kwa gawo limodzi la mankhwalawa. Cholembera cha syringe chimayikidwa mumlandu ndipo chili ndi malangizo atsatanetsatane kuti agwiritse ntchito.

  • Pampu ya insulin imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ku Western Europe ndi USA. Anthu ochepa amagwiritsa ntchito chipangizochi chifukwa cha zovuta zina, zomwe zimaphatikizapo zovuta za chipangizocho, kufunika kwake kukonza pathupi, zovuta zotheka chifukwa cha kuyika kwa singano komwe kumadyetsa timadzi tambiri m'thupi. Mavuto ena amabwera posankha njira yoyenera yothandizira munthu wina.

Mwa zabwino za njira yodabwitsayi, pali insulin yolowerera m'magazi, kusowa kwa kufunikira kwa kuperekera mahomoni pawokha, popeza kuchuluka koyenera kumayendetsedwa ndi pampu. Ndi njira iyi, zovuta zochepa zimadziwika.

Malo a jekeseni

Kuti insulini ichite mwanjira yofunika kukwaniritsa zochizira, magawo ena amawunikidwa pa thupi la munthu komwe amalimbikitsidwa kuti apange jakisoni wa insulin. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mphamvu ya mankhwalawa imasiyanasiyana kwambiri.

  • Mimba ndi malo m'mbali mwa navel. Kuchita bwino kwa mayamwidwe ndi 90% ndi kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu.
  • Ndege yakunja ya nkono, yomwe imachokera pachiwuno mpaka phewa. Kugwira bwino ntchito kwa mayamwidwe kumakhala kofanana ndi 70% kochepa pang'onopang'ono kuposa jakisoni m'mimba.
  • Kutsogolo kwa ntchafu, kuyambira mawondo mpaka m'mphepete mwake. Zizindikiro za mayamwidwe ndi kuchitapo kanthu ndizofanana chifukwa zimafanana ndi dera lamanja.
  • Malo a khungu pansi pamapewa. Kuchita bwino kwa mayamwidwe kumakhala pafupifupi 30% pa liwiro lochepetsetsa pochita ndi madera ena.

Poyerekeza, zimamveka chifukwa chake jakisoni wa insulin pansi pa scapula sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri.

Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino

Ma jakisoni othandiza kwambiri m'mimba amachitidwa pafupipafupi kuposa ena, koma amamvera kwambiri. Ndikosavuta kuyika singano m'makhola pamimba, omwe ali pafupi kwambiri ndi mbali. Pamaso pa jekeseni, khungu limakoka ndi dzanja lamanzere, ndipo singano imayilowetsedwa molunjika mu khola lopangidwira kapena pakati pake pafupi ndi 45 °. Kanikizani tsinde pang'onopang'ono komanso bwino. Pambuyo pobweretsa mankhwalawa mu chiwerengero cha "khumi", singano imachotsedwa mosamala. Jakisoni m'manja ndiwosapweteka kwambiri, ndipo amasiya miyendo yake.

Chojambulira sichimachotsedwa mu botolo musanayimbe, chifukwa chimabooleredwa ndi singano.Ngati insulini yapakatikati komanso yayitali imagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndikofunikira kuti mukupukutira botolo pakati pa manja kwa masekondi angapo. Izi zimalola prolongator, yomwe imakonda kupendekera, kusakanikirana ndi insulin. Palinso gawo lina labwino la njirayi - Kutenthetsera kosavuta kwa mankhwalawa, chifukwa insulin yofunda ndiyosavuta kuyipeza.

Kugwiritsa ntchito syringe nthawi zambiri kumafuna thandizo lakunja, chifukwa siwense amene amapanga jakisoni wake. Cholembera cha syringe ndichopepuka pankhaniyi, chifukwa chimakupatsani mwayi wodzibayira pawebusayiti iliyonse. Ndi njira iliyonse, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale mtunda pakati pa magawo awiri a 2 cm ndi nthawi ya masiku atatu kapena kupitilira apo. Izi ndizofunikira, chifukwa ngati mumalandira insulin pamalo amodzi kwa masiku angapo motsatana, kufunikira kwake kwa zotsatira zake kumachepa.

Kupanga kwa insulin mthupi

Kasitomala ndi amene amapanga insulini - chifukwa amakhala ndi maselo a beta apadera. Mu thupi la munthu, timadzi timeneti timayendetsa kagayidwe kazachilengedwe, motero, katulutsidwe kake ndikofunikira. Kodi zikuyenda bwanji? Njira yopanga insulin ndi mbali zingapo:

  1. Pancreas yoyamba imapanga prroinsulin (insulin preursor).
  2. Nthawi yomweyo, peptide ya siginolo (L-peptide) imapangidwa, ntchito yomwe imathandizira preproinsulin kulowa cell ya beta ndikusintha kukhala proinsulin.
  3. Kupitilira apo, ma proinsulin amakhalabe mu mawonekedwe apadera a khungu la beta - Golgi zovuta, pomwe amapsa kwa nthawi yayitali. Pakadali pano, proinsulin imayikidwa mu C-peptide ndi insulin.
  4. Insulin yotulutsidwa imakhudzana ndi zinc ion ndipo mu mawonekedwe awa amakhalabe mkati mwa maselo a beta. Kuti ilowe m'magazi, shuga m'magazi amayenera kukhala ndi chidwi kwambiri. Glucagon imayang'anira zoletsa za insulin - zimapangidwa ndi ma cell a pancreatic alpha.

Zotsatira za ntchito

Kuwona momwe insulini imagwirira ntchito, njira zitatu zoyambira zake zimatha kusiyanitsidwa.

Izi zimawonetsedwa pakupangitsa mphamvu ya maselo kuyamwa zinthu zofunika zambiri, kuphatikizapo shuga. Komanso, kuphatikizika kwambiri kwa glycogen kumayamba ndi kuwonjezeka kwa voliyumu yake ndipo glycogeneis imatsika, chifukwa chomwe kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumayendetsedwa, kulola kuti zikuwonetse kuti zikuwonekera.

Chifukwa cha anabolic zotsatira za insulin, mapuloteni biosynthesis, mayamwidwe amino acid ndi maselo, komanso kudya kwa magnesium ndi potaziyamu mkati mwake kumakulitsidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, shuga amawonongeka ndikusinthidwa kukhala triglycerides.

Mwa njira iyi, insulin imaletsa kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni ndikuchepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwamafuta omwe amalowa m'magazi.

Kodi insulin ndi chiyani?

Ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya insulin ndikuwunika kagayidwe kazakudya pochita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi za insulin. Kodi zikuyenda bwanji? Insulin imalumikizana ndi cholandirira cha membrane wa cell (membrane), ndipo izi zimayamba ntchito ya michere yofunika. Zotsatira zake ndikuyambitsa kwa protein kinase C, yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi metabolism mkati mwa cell.

Thupi limafunikira insulini kuti magazi a shuga azikhala nthawi zonse. Izi zimatheka chifukwa chakuti mahomoni:

  • Zimathandizira kukonza shuga.
  • Imachepetsa ntchito yopanga shuga m'magazi.
  • Imayamba ntchito ya ma enzyme omwe amachititsa kuti shuga azithamanga.
  • Imathandizira kusintha kwa glucose owonjezera kukhala glycogen.

Mlingo wa insulin m'magazi umakhudzanso njira zina za thupi:

  • Kutsimikizika kwa amino acid, potaziyamu, phosphorous ndi magnesium ndi maselo.
  • Kusintha kwa shuga m'chiwindi ndi maselo amafuta kukhala triglycerides.
  • Kupanga kwamafuta acid.
  • Kubereka koyenera kwa DNA.
  • Kuponderezedwa kwa kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni.
  • Kuchepetsa kwa kuchuluka kwamafuta omwe amalowa m'magazi.

Insulin ndi shuga wamagazi

Kodi shuga wamagazi amawongolera bwanji ndi insulin? Mwa munthu yemwe alibe matenda ashuga, magazi a magazi amakhalabe ofanana, ngakhale sanadye kwa nthawi yayitali, chifukwa kapamba amapangira insulini kumbuyo. Mukatha kudya, zakudya zam'magazi zimaphwanyidwa kukhala mamolekyulu a shuga mkamwa ndipo amalowa m'magazi. Minyewa ya glucose imachuluka, ndipo zikondamoyo zimatulutsira insulin m'magazi, ndikusintha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi - iyi ndi gawo loyamba la kuyankha kwa insulin.

Kenako chitsulo chimapanganso mahomoni kuti abwezeretse ntchito, ndikupita pang'onopang'ono magawo atsopano mukuchepa kwa zinthu zomwe zimapezeka m'matumbo - gawo lachiwiri la kuyankha. Zotsalira za glucose zosagwiritsidwa ntchito zimasinthidwa pang'ono kukhala glycogen ndikusungidwa mu chiwindi ndi minofu, ndikuyamba kukhala mafuta.

Pakapita nthawi yambiri mutadya, kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumatsika, ndipo glucagon imamasulidwa. Chifukwa cha izi, glycogen yomwe imapezeka m'chiwindi ndipo minofu imasweka ndikupanga shuga, ndipo shuga ya magazi imakhala yachilendo. Chiwindi ndi minofu yotsalira yopanda glycogen imalandira gawo latsopano la chakudya chotsatira.

Zotsatira zake ndi anabolic.

Monga mukudziwa, insulin imathandizira kuyamwa ma amino acid ambiri momwe angathere m'maselo a minofu. Valine ndi leucine amamwa kwambiri, ndi amino acid odziimira. Horm imapangitsanso DNA, mayendedwe a magnesium, phosphate ndi mapuloteni a biosynthesis. Mothandizidwa ndi insulin, kaphatikizidwe wamafuta acids, omwe amalowetsedwa mu minofu ya adipose ndi chiwindi, amalimbikitsidwa. Ndikusowa kwa insulini m'magazi, kukhathamiritsa kwamafuta kumachitika.

Kugwiritsa ntchito insulin pomanga thupi

Pomanga thupi, insulini imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha, kapena ultrashort.

Insulin yofupikitsa imagwira ntchito motere: pambuyo poti subcutaneous makonzedwe (jekeseni) amayamba kuchita theka la ola. Insulin iyenera kuperekedwa kwa theka la ola musanadye. Kuchuluka kwa insulini kumafika pakatha mphindi 120 pambuyo pa kupangika, ndikusiyiratu ntchito yake yoyendera thupi pambuyo maola 6.

Mankhwala abwino kwambiri omwe amayesedwa ndi nthawi ndi Actrapid NM ndi Humulin Regul.

Insulin yokhala ndi yochepa-pang'ono imagwira ntchito molingana ndi mfundo iyi: itatha kuilowetsa m'magazi, imayamba kugwira ntchito yake pambuyo pa mphindi 10, ndipo kutha kwakukulu kumachitika pambuyo pa mphindi 120. Insulin ya Ultrafast imayima pambuyo pa maola 3-4. Pambuyo pokhazikitsidwa ndi insulin, ndikofunikira kutenga chakudya nthawi yomweyo, kapena mutatha kunyamula, kulowa mu mahomoni a mayendedwe.

Mankhwala abwino kwambiri a ultrashort insulin ndi awiri, awa ndi a Penfill kapena FlexPen.

Mtengo wa maphunziro a insulin wa masiku makumi asanu ndi limodzi udzakhala pafupifupi ma ruble 3,000 a ku Russia. Chifukwa chake, othamanga omwe amalandira ndalama zochepa amatha kugwiritsa ntchito insulin.

Tiyeni tikambirane za zabwino ndi zoyipa zama hormone onyamula.

Ubwino:

  1. Maphunzirowa ali ndi masiku 60, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti nthawi yochepa.
  2. Ubwino wa mankhwalawa uli wonse pamlingo wapamwamba. Mwayi wogula zabodza ndi 1% poyerekeza ndi anabolic steroids.
  3. Insulin ikupezeka. Itha kugulidwa pa mankhwala aliwonse popanda mankhwala a dokotala.
  4. Hormayo imakhala ndi mitengo yambiri ya anabolic.
  5. Kuopsa kwa zotsatirapo ndizochepa, bola ngati maphunzirowa atapangidwa moyenera.
  6. Kumapeto kwa maphunzirowa, chithandizo chamankhwala chosinthira sizofunikira, chifukwa insulin siyimabweretsa zotsatirapo.
  7. Kubwezeretsa kumapeto kwa maphunzirowa ndikocheperako.
  8. Simungagwiritse ntchito nokha, koma ndi ma peptides ena ndi ma anabolic steroids.
  9. Palibe mphamvu ya androgenic pa thupi la munthu.
  10. Insulin sikuvulaza chiwindi ndi impso, komanso sizikhala ndi poizoni. Sizimayambitsa mavuto a potency pambuyo pa maphunzirowa.

Zoyipa:

  1. Glucose wotsika m'thupi (pansi pa 3.3 mmol / L).
  2. Adipose minofu mkati maphunziro.
  3. Mitundu yovuta ya mankhwalawa.

Monga mukuwonera, insulini imakhala ndi Ubwino wopindulitsa katatu kuposa zovuta. Izi zikutanthauza kuti insulini ndi imodzi mwamankhwala abwino kwambiri a pharmacological.

Zotsatira zoyipa za insulin.

Choyipa choyamba komanso chofunikira kwambiri ndi hypoglycemia, ndiko kuti, shuga wamagazi ochepa. Hypoglycemia imadziwika motere: miyendo imayamba kugwedezeka, kusiya kuzindikira, ndikumvetsetsa zomwe zikuchitika kuzungulira, ndiyotinso thukuta. Mlingo wochepetsedwa wa glucose umaphatikizidwanso ndi kuchepa kwa mgwirizano ndi malingaliro, kumverera kwamphamvu kwa njala. Kusweka mtima kumayamba kuchuluka. Zonsezi pamwambapa ndi zizindikiro za hypoglycemia.

Ndikofunika kwambiri kudziwa izi: ngati mungazindikire zodziwika za kuperewera kwa shuga, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kuti mubwezeretsenso thupi ndi zotsekemera kuti mubweretse kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi.

Zotsatira zoyotsatira, koma zosafunikira kwenikweni, ndikuluma ndi kuwawa pamalo a jekeseni.

Thupi la aller ndi losowa, koma ndilofunika kwambiri.

Ngati mumamwa insulin nthawi yayitali, ndiye kuti kutulutsa kwanu insulin komweko kumachepetsedwa kwambiri. N`zothekanso chifukwa cha bongo wa insulin.

Tsopano tikudziwa kuti insulini ndi iti ndipo ndi iti yomwe ili yoyenera kwa ife. Ntchito yotsatira ndikupenda molondola njira ya insulin masiku 30-60. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti musapite kwa miyezi yopitilira iwiri kuti thupi likhale ndi chinsinsi chake. Ngati mutsatira malangizowo molondola, ndiye kuti mukapeza insulini imodzi mutha kufikira ma kilogalamu 10 a minofu yopendekera.

Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti nthawi yomweyo muyambe ndi milingo yaying'ono mpaka ma unit awiri modumphira, ndikuwonjezera pang'onopang'ono kwa magawo 20. Izi ndizofunikira kuti poyambirira onani momwe thupi limatengera insulini. Ndikukhumudwitsidwa kwambiri kugulitsa mayunitsi opitilira 20 patsiku.

Musanagwiritse ntchito mahomoni oyendera, muyenera kuyang'anira zinthu ziwiri:

  1. Yambani ndi mlingo wocheperako ndikuwonjezera pang'onopang'ono mpaka mufika 20. Sizoletsedwa kusintha mwadzidzidzi kuchoka pa 2x kupita ku 6, kapena 10 mpaka 20! Kusunthira lakuthwa kumatha kubweretsa zotsatira zoyipa mthupi lanu.
  2. Osapitirira magawo makumi awiri. Ndani amene sangatipangitse kutenga pafupifupi mayunitsi 50 - osawamvera, chifukwa thupi lililonse limatenga insulini mosiyanasiyana (kwa wina, magawo 20 angaoneke ochulukirapo).

Kukula kwa kudya kwa insulin kungakhale kosiyana (tsiku lililonse, kapena tsiku lililonse, kamodzi patsiku, kapena kupitilira apo). Ngati mumayendayenda tsiku lililonse komanso kangapo, ndiye kuti maphunzirowa atha kuchepetsedwa. Ngati mungayende tsiku lina lililonse, ndiye kuti masiku 60 ndiokwanira.

Kubaya insulini kumalimbikitsidwa pokhapokha ngati mutaphunzitsidwa mphamvu, kenako ndikudya chakudya chama protein ndi zakudya zazitali zamatumbo. Ndikofunikira kumangoyamwa mutangomaliza maphunziro, popeza mahomoni onyamula, monga tafotokozera kale, ali ndi mphamvu yotsutsa-catabolic. Imabweza m'mbuyo ntchito ya catabolism, yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri.

Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito insulin pambuyo poti mugwiritse ntchito bwino kumakhala ndiubwino wina: mukabweretsa thupi pafupifupi hypoglycemia, yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi kuyambitsa kwa insulin, izi zimakhudzanso kuchepa kwachilengedwe kwa glucose m'magazi. Pambuyo pakuphunzitsidwa, amaponyedwa kunja. Nthawi zina masana, kubaya insulini sikulimbikitsidwa. Ngati mumaphunzitsanso katatu pa sabata, ndikupumula masiku 4, ndiye kuti mutha kubaya jakisoni m'mawa musanadye chakudya cham'mawa masiku omwe kulibe ntchito. Pankhaniyi, ndikulimbikitsidwa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito insulin (Actapid) yochepa ndikudya theka la ola mutatha kubayidwa. Pamasiku ophunzitsira, pokhapokha mutaphunzitsidwa.

Mapeto ake amadzitsimikizira nokha: ngati mutaba jakisoni yotulutsa tsiku lililonse, ndiye kuti maphunzirowo sayenera kupitirira masiku 30. Ngati tili ndi boma lodekha kapena lachuma, ndiye kuti timatenga masiku 60. Patsiku lophunzitsidwa pambuyo pake, timagwiritsa ntchito insulin (Novorapid) yayikulu kwambiri, komanso masiku opumula - asanadye chakudya cham'mawa, a insulin (Actrapid) apambuyo pake.

Ngati mankhwala "achidule" agwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye kuti timamwa jakisoni theka la ola musanadye chakudya chachikulu.

Ngati tigwiritsa ntchito "ultrashort", ndiye kuti timapanga jakisoni mukangomaliza kudya.

Kuti jakisoni ichitike popanda kuyabwa ndi ziwengo, ndipo khungu silikuuma malo a jakisoni, muyenera kuwapanga m'malo osiyanasiyana a thupi.

Zolakwika zazikulu potenga mahomoni oyendetsa.

Choyipa choyamba - Mlingo waukulu komanso nthawi yolakwika yogwiritsira ntchito. Yambani ndi yaying'ono Mlingo ndipo muwone thupi likuchita.

Chachiwiri cholakwika - jekeseni wolakwika. Ndikofunikira kumanamiza mosadziwa.

Cholakwika chachitatu - Kugwiritsa ntchito insulin musanaphunzire komanso pogona, zomwe ndizoletsedwa.

Cholakwika chachinayi - Chakudya chochepa mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito insulin. Ndikofunikira kudya chakudya cham'mimba ndi mapuloteni momwe ndingathere, chifukwa mahomoni amtunduwu amafalitsa mwachangu ma enzymes ofunikira kwa minofu. Ngati simudzaza thupi ndi chakudya chochuluka, ndiye kuti pali chiopsezo cha hypoglycemia.

Kulakwitsa kwachisanu - kugwiritsa ntchito insulin pakuyanika. Chowonadi ndi chakuti zakudya zomwe mumadya zimakhala zochepa m'makoko, kapena ayi. Ndiponso, zimayambitsa kutsika kwakukuru m'magazi a magazi, ndipo ziyenera kubwezeretsedwanso ndi china chake. Ndipo lokoma, monga tikudziwa, ndi gwero la chakudya champhamvu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe sichofunikira m'chigawo chowumitsa thupi.

Mndandanda ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito jekeseni.

Mulingo woyenera wazakudya zomwe muyenera kudya zimatengera mwachindunji muyezo wa mahoni oyendetsa. Zambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi shuga m'magazi a anthu, malinga ndi athanzi - 3-5 mmol / l. Gawo limodzi la insulini limatsitsa shuga ndi 2.2 mmol / L. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati mutaba jekeseni wa insulin kangapo nthawi, mutha kupeza mosavuta hypoglycemia. Ngati simumadzaza shuga m'magazi munthawi yake, mutha kupeza zotsatira zoyipa. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kudya zakudya zamafuta ambiri pambuyo pa jekeseni.

Insulin ndi mahomoni omwe amapezeka ku dipatimenti ya endocrinology. Pali lingaliro la "mkate mkate", wachidule wa XE. Gulu limodzi la mkate limakhala ndi magalamu 15 a chakudya. Kungoti mkate umodzi umodzi umakweza shuga ndi 2.8 mmol / l. Ngati inu, mosazindikira, kapena pazifukwa zina, mwalowa mayunitsi 10, ndiye kuti muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito 5-7 XE, yomwe malinga ndi chakudya - 60-75. Onani mfundo yoti zakudya zopatsa thanzi zimawonedwa ngati zoyera.

Musanalowe jakisoni wa insulin, muyenera kukhala ndi chilichonse chotsekemera (shuga, uchi, chokoleti, ndi zina). Izi zikutsimikizirani chitetezo chanu ngati mungagwiritse ntchito hypoglycemia.

Muyenera kubaya ma hormone ndi syringe yapadera, yomwe imatchedwa syringe ya insulini.

Syringe yotereyi imachepera kwambiri kuposa yokhazikika, ndipo pamakhala kachigawo kakang'ono ka kiyubiki. Syringe yonse ya insulin ikhoza kugwira cube chimodzi, i.e. 1 ml. Pa syringe, magawikawa agawika zidutswa 40. Ndikofunikira kuti musasokoneze syringe yokhazikika ndi syringe ya insulin, apo ayi pamakhala zotsatira zakupha kuchokera ku mankhwala osokoneza bongo ambiri. Muyenera kuchita jakisoni pa ngodya ya madigiri 45.

Musanagwiritse ntchito, sonkhanitsani kuchuluka kwa insulini, tengani ndi dzanja lanu lamanzere ndikupanga khola pakhungu, makamaka pamimba, kenako pang'onopang'ono, kulowa pansi kwa singano, kenako insulini. Gwirani masekondi angapo, ndikuchotsa singano pakhungu. Osamabailidwa malo amodzi nthawi zonse.

Musawope kuti kachilomboka kazalowa mujekeseni. Singano ya insulini yocheperako ndiyochepa kwambiri, kotero kuti matenda sawopseza. Ngati mumayenera kubaya jakisoni wokhazikika, ndiye kuti muyenera kusamba m'manja ndikusambitsa malo omwe jakisoniyo amapangidwira ndi mowa.

Kuti tipeze zotsatira zabwino kwambiri kuchokera ku insulin, tifunika kuganizira malamulo atatu:

  1. Kugwirizana ndi zakudya zamafuta.
  2. Phunzitsani bwino.
  3. Pumulani bwino.

Kodi ndizotheka kuphatikiza insulin ndi anabolic steroids?

Mutha kuphatikiza insulin ndi mankhwala ena a pharmacological, monga momwe zilili zomveka. Kuphatikizidwa kwa milandu 99% kumapereka mphamvu kwambiri kuposa insulin solo.Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito insulin ndi mankhwala ena kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka kumapeto kwa mapangidwe a mahoni anyama. Ndikofunika kupitiliza kuthamanga pambuyo pa insulin kwa masiku 14-21, kotero kuti kubwezeretsanso ndikung'ono momwe kungathekere.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mankhwala aliwonse a pharmacological, kuphatikiza insulin, angotengedwe ndi akatswiri othamanga omwe amakhala mwamphamvu zopanga thupi ndikulipeza. Ngati cholinga chanu ndikungoyang'ana bwino, ndiye kuiwalani za "chemistry", chifukwa izi sizoyenera mwanjira iliyonse.

Ngati munthu ali ndi matenda ashuga, ndiye kuti akufunika mlingo wa insulin.

Musaike moyo wanu pachiswe kuti mudzapeze zotsatira zomwe mukufuna posachedwa. Ngati mwatsimikiza kuti mukufuna kuchita nawo masewera olimbitsa thupi ndikukhala othamanga, ndiye kuti pitani kumalo anu achilengedwe, pomwe simulinso ndi vuto lanyama lanyama. Pazonse, ndikofunikira kuti mukwaniritse "denga" lanu lachilengedwe, kenako ndikuyamba kupanga "mankhwala".

Kumbukirani kuti musanagwiritse ntchito mankhwala aliwonse a pharmacological, muyenera kupimidwa kwathunthu. Sikoyenera kuchita mayeso aliwonse ngati muli ndi insulin. Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito insulin ndi chinthu china, ndiye kuti muyenera kuyesa mayeso ofunika musanayambe maphunzirowa, panthawi ndi pambuyo pake. Komanso, musaiwale zamankhwala am'mbuyomu.

Mapeto ake, muyenera kukumbukira malamulo angapo ogwiritsira ntchito insulin, kuti isakhale yovulaza:

  1. Dziwani thupi lanu, onetsetsani kuti lili mwadongosolo komanso mwakonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito insulin.
  2. Yenderani phunzirolo molondola komanso ndiudindo wonse.
  3. Onani bwino zakudya ndi mndandanda wophunzitsira kuti muchepetse thupi lanu lonse.

Ngati mwasankha mwanzeru zomwe mukufuna kutulutsa, ndikofunikira kuti muyambe kutsata insulini kuti muphunzire momwe thupi lanu limayambira, chifukwa zimakhala zovuta kuzimvetsetsa pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ngati pali zovuta zina mthupi. Ndikofunika kuti musagwiritse ntchito mankhwala opangira mankhwala, chifukwa sizikudziwika kuti zingakhudze bwanji thupi lanu.

Piana Wolemera pa Insulin - Video

Chikhumbo chofuna kumvetsetsa momwe insulin imagwirira ntchito komanso zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zikuwoneka ngati dokotala atakufotokozerani mankhwalawa pofuna kuchiza matenda a shuga (makamaka) kapena matenda ena omwe amaphatikizana ndi kuchepa kwa chinthuchi mthupi.

Malinga ndi mawonekedwe ake komanso kapangidwe kake ka insulini, ndi mahomoni a peptide omwe amapangidwa ndi kapamba - maselo a beta omwe amakhala m'mphepete mwa Langerhans. Idalandira dzina kuchokera ku liwu Lachilatini la Indula, lotanthauza "chilumba" potanthauzira. Nthawi zambiri, insulini m'thupi imakhudza kagayidwe kachakudya, koma kuphatikiza kwake ndikuthandizira kutsika kwa glucose. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri m'masewera, chifukwa ali ndi anabolic.

Chifukwa cha kupanga insulin, anthu ambiri omwe amadwala matenda a shuga ali ndi mwayi wothandizira moyo, popanda mankhwala awa adaweruzidwa.

Mndandanda wa ntchito zomwe zimathetsedwa ndi insulin zimaphatikizapo ntchito zotsatirazi:

  • kutumiza kwa amino acid, shuga, komanso potaziyamu ndi mafuta kumaselo,
  • kukhalabe ndi glucose yokhazikika m'magazi,
  • malamulo a chakudya muyezo.

Izi sizingokhala ndi ntchito za insulin mthupi, chifukwa zimakulitsa kupezekanso kwa michere ya plasma, zimalimbikitsa kupangika kwa glycogen mu chiwindi ndi minofu minofu, komanso zimakhudza kapangidwe ka mafuta ndi mapuloteni.

Kuphatikiza Mankhwala a Insulin

Zotsatira zoyipa za insulin yotsika mtengo sizowopsa ngati momwe zimakhalira ndi miyezo yapamwamba kwambiri. Kuwonetsera kofala kwambiri ndi mtundu woyamba wa shuga, womwe umakhala ndi kutsika kwamisempha m'magazi, chifukwa chomwe munthu amamva ludzu mosalekeza, kukodza mwachangu, kutopa kwambiri, kufooka.Type 1 shuga mellitus imachitika maselo a beta atawonongeka mu kapamba, ndipo ma antibodies awo kwa insulin opangidwa ndi thupi amawonongeka.

  • nsomba zamafuta
  • ng'ombe yopanda mafuta
  • maswiti ena - caramel, chokoleti, makeke, ayisikilimu,
  • mitundu ya mkaka - tchizi, yogati popanda zowonjezera, mkaka wonse,
  • chimanga, buledi, pasitala, mpunga, oatmeal,
  • zipatso - nthochi, mphesa, maapulo, malalanje.

Nthawi yomweyo, insulin yachilengedwe imatha kulimidwa m'munda wake womwe. Izi zikutanthauza chomera monga "dothi loumba" (Yerusalemu artichoke), momwe zomwe zili pamalowo zili pafupifupi 40%. Raw kapena yophika Yerusalemu artichoke, yomwe imapangitsanso kagayidwe, imapangitsa kuchepa kwa mavuto.

Panthaŵi inayake, kupezeka kwa insulin kunali chinthu chosintha. Koma ndikofunikira kuti anthu omwe, mwachilengedwe matendawa, azisinthasintha kuchuluka kwa shuga, aziganiza kuti ndizosavomerezeka kuyesa kudziwerengera pawokha mankhwalawa. Kuvomerezedwa ndikuchezera kwa katswiri, ndipo pambuyo pake kukhazikitsidwa kwa malingaliro ake onse kuti apitirize moyo wabwino.

  1. Kuwongolera kwamtundu wa shuga wachiwiri kwa odwala matenda a shuga mwachikhalidwe: mitsinje kwa akatswiri wamba (madokotala a mabanja) / I. S. Petrukhin. - Tver: b. ndi., 2003. - 20 s.
  2. Diabetesic glaucoma: malangizo othandiza madokotala / D.V. Lipatov, ed. I.I.Dedov, M.V. Shestakova. - Moscow: Medical News Agency, 2013. - 187 p. : pic - Bibilia: p. 174 - 187.
  3. Matenda a shuga a matenda ashuga: matenda, mankhwala ndi kupewa / M. B. Antsiferov, E. Yu. Komelyagina. - Moscow: Medical News Agency, 2013. - 304 p. : pic - Bibliog. kumapeto kwa mitu.

Anamaliza maphunziro awo ku Kirov State Medical Academy mu 2006. Mu 2007, adagwira ntchito mu chipatala cha Tikhvin Central District mothandizidwa ndi dipatimenti yochiritsa. Kuyambira 2007 mpaka 2008 - wogwira ntchito pachipatala cha kampani yopanga migodi ku Republic of Guinea (West Africa). Kuyambira 2009 mpaka pano, akhala akugwira ntchito yopanga zidziwitso zamankhwala. Timagwira ntchito ndi makina ambiri otchuka, monga Sterilno.net, Med.ru, tsamba

Mwazi waukulu wamagazi ndi chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda ashuga komanso vuto lalikulu kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Magazi okwera m'magazi ndi chinthu chokhacho chomwe chimayambitsa matenda ashuga. Kuti muthane ndi matenda anu moyenera, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa bwino komwe glucose amalowa m'magazi ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito.

Werengani nkhaniyo mosamala - ndipo mudzazindikira momwe malamulo a shuga wamagazi aliri enieni komanso zomwe zimasintha ndikusokoneza kagayidwe kazakudya, i.e. wodwala matenda ashuga.

Zakudya zomwe zimapezeka m'magulu a shuga ndi ma protein ndi mapuloteni. Mafuta omwe timadya alibe phindu lililonse pa shuga wamagazi. Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani anthu amakonda kukoma kwa shuga ndi zakudya zotsekemera? Chifukwa imathandizira kupanga ma neurotransmitters (makamaka serotonin) mu ubongo, omwe amachepetsa nkhawa, amachititsa kumva kukhala bwino, kapena ngakhale euphoria. Chifukwa cha izi, anthu ena amayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, omwe ali ndi mphamvu kwambiri monga momwe amalembera fodya, mowa, kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Anthu omwe amadalira Carbohydrate omwe adakumana nawo amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa serotonin kapena kuchepetsa chidwi cha receptor kwa icho.

Miyezo ya shuga yamagazi - yovomerezeka komanso yeniyeni

Mwa anthu athanzi lopanda matenda a shuga, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhala kosamalidwa bwino kwambiri - kuyambira 3.9 mpaka 5.3 mmol / L. Ngati mumayesa magazi nthawi iliyonse, mosasamala zakudya, mwa munthu wathanzi, ndiye kuti magazi ake adzakhala pafupifupi 4,7 mmol / L. Tiyenera kulimbana ndi chiwerengerochi mu matenda ashuga, i.e., shuga wamagazi tikatha kudya siapamwamba kuposa 5.3 mmol / L.

Magazi a pachikhalidwe cha shuga ndi okwera kwambiri. Amatsogolera pakupanga zovuta za matenda ashuga mkati mwa zaka 10-20.Ngakhale mwa anthu athanzi, chakudya chikadzaza ndi chakudya chamafuta ambiri, shuga m'magazi amatha kudumphira mpaka 8-9 mmol / l. Koma ngati palibe shuga, ndiye kuti mukatha kudya imayamba kuzimiririka patangopita mphindi zochepa, ndipo simuyenera kuchita chilichonse chifukwa chake. Mu matenda ashuga, "nthabwala" ndi thupi, kumudyetsa wamafuta owonjezera, sizili bwino.

M'mabuku a sayansi azachipatala komanso otchuka a shuga, 3.3-6.6 mmol / L ngakhale mpaka 7.8 mmol / L amadziwika kuti ndi shuga. Mwa anthu athanzi lopanda matenda a shuga, shuga wamagazi samadumphira mpaka 7.8 mmol / L, pokhapokha mutadya chakudya chochuluka, kenako mumikhalidwe yotere imatsika mofulumira kwambiri. Miyezo yachipatala ya shuga ya magazi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuonetsetsa kuti dokotala “wapakati” samakhala wovuta kwambiri pakuzindikira komanso pochiza matenda ashuga.

Ngati wodwala m'magazi atadya amadumphira 7.8 mmol / l, ndiye kuti izi sizitchulidwa kuti ndi shuga. Mwambiri, wodwala wotereyu amatumizidwa kunyumba osalandira chithandizo chilichonse, ndikuwachenjeza motsimikiza kuti ayese kuchepa thupi pazakudya zochepa zopatsa mphamvu ndikudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi, ndikudya zipatso zambiri. Komabe, zovuta za matenda a shuga zimayamba ngakhale mwa anthu omwe shuga yawo itatha kudya sapitirira 6.6 mmol / L. Inde, izi sizichitika mwachangu kwambiri. Koma mkati mwa zaka 10 - 20, ndizotheka kupeza zovuta za impso kapena mavuto amawonedwe. Wonaninso ““.

Kodi magazi a shuga amawongoleredwa bwanji mwa munthu wathanzi

Tiyeni tiwone momwe insulin imalamulira shuga m'magazi mwa munthu wathanzi popanda matenda a shuga. Tiyerekeze kuti munthuyu wadya chakudya cham'mawa, ndipo pakudya m'mawa adasenda mbatata ndi chidule - chisakanizo cha chakudya chokhala ndi mapuloteni. Usiku wonse, kuzungulira kwa insulin m'magazi ake kunalepheretsa gluconeogeneis (werengani pamwambapa, zomwe zikutanthauza) ndikukhalabe ndi ndende yambiri ya shuga m'magazi.

Chakudya chokhala ndi chakudya chamagulu ambiri chikalowa mkamwa, ma michere am'mimba nthawi yomweyo amayamba kuwola chakudya "zovuta" m'magulu a glucose osavuta, ndipo glucoseyo nthawi yomweyo amatengeka ndi nembanemba. Kuchokera ku chakudya chamagulu, shuga wamagazi amatuluka nthawi yomweyo, ngakhale munthu sanathebe kumeza chilichonse! Ichi ndi chizindikiro kwa kapamba kuti ndi nthawi yofunika kuponyera mwachangu kuchuluka kwa mafuta a insulin m'magazi. Gululi lamphamvu kwambiri la insulin lidapangidwa kale ndikusungidwa kuti muigwiritse ntchito mukafunikira "kuphimba" kulumpha mu shuga mutatha kudya, kuphatikiza insulin yomwe ili m'magazi.

Kutulutsa mosalekeza kwa insulin m'magazi kumatchedwa "gawo loyamba la mayankho a insulin." Amachepetsa mwachangu kulumikizidwa koyambirira m'magazi a shuga, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha chakudya chamafuta, ndipo amatha kupewa kuwonjezereka. Mafuta a insulin osungidwa mu kapamba amatha. Ngati ndi kotheka, imapanga insulin yowonjezera, koma zimatenga nthawi. Insulin, yomwe imalowa m'magazi pang'ono pang'onopang'ono, imatchedwa "gawo lachiwiri la kuyankha kwa insulin." Insulin iyi imathandizira kuyamwa glucose, yomwe idachitika pambuyo pake, patatha maola ochepa, mukugaya zakudya zama protein.

Pamene chakudyacho chikugayidwa, glucose akupitilizabe kulowa m'magazi, ndipo kapamba amapanga insulini ina kuti "iwapangitse". Gawo la shuga limasinthidwa kukhala glycogen, chinthu chosakhazikika chomwe chimasungidwa m'maselo am'misempha ndi chiwindi. Pakapita kanthawi, "zotengera" zonse zosungira glycogen zidzaza. Ngati pali shuga wambiri m'magazi, ndiye kuti mothandizidwa ndi insulini amasintha kukhala mafuta, omwe amawaika m'maselo a adipose minofu.

Pambuyo pake, misempha ya shuga ya ngwazi yathu imatha kutsika. Pankhaniyi, maselo a pancreatic alpha adzayamba kupanga mahomoni ena - glucagon.Zili ngati wotsutsana ndi insulin ndipo amalembera ma cell a minofu ndi chiwindi kuti ndikofunikira kutembenuza glycogen kukhala glucose. Mothandizidwa ndi glucoseyu, shuga wamagazi amatha kukhalabe wabwinobwino. Pachakudya chotsatira, masitolo a glycogen adzabwezedwanso.

Makina ofotokozedwa a glucose omwe atengedwa ndi insulin amagwira ntchito kwambiri mwa anthu athanzi, kuthandiza kukhalabe ndi shuga wamagazi mokhazikika - kuyambira 3.9 mpaka 5.3 mmol / L. Maselo amalandira glucose wokwanira kuti agwire ntchito zawo, ndipo chilichonse chimagwira monga momwe amafunira. Tiyeni tiwone chifukwa chake ndikuchita izi kwaphwanya mtundu 1 komanso matenda a shuga.

Zomwe zimachitika ndi matenda a shuga 1

Tiyerekeze kuti m'malo mwa ngwazi yathu munthu amakhala ndi matenda a shuga 1. Tiyerekeze, usiku asanagone, adalandira jakisoni wa insulin "yowonjezera" ndipo chifukwa cha izi adadzuka ndi shuga wabwinobwino wamagazi. Koma ngati simukuchitapo kanthu, ndiye kuti patapita kanthawi shuga wamagazi ake ayamba kukwera, ngakhale osadya chilichonse. Izi ndichifukwa choti chiwindi nthawi zonse chimatenga insulini yaying'ono kuchokera m'magazi ndikuwaphwanya. Nthawi yomweyo, pazifukwa zina, m'maola, chiwindi "chimagwiritsa ntchito" kwambiri insulin.

Insulin yayitali, yomwe idabayira madzulo, imatulutsidwa bwino komanso osasunthika. Koma kutulutsa kwake sikokwanira kungophimba chiwindi chakudya ”kwa chiwindi. Chifukwa cha izi, shuga wamagazi amatha kuchuluka m'mawa, ngakhale munthu amene ali ndi matenda a shuga 1 asadye chilichonse. Izi zimatchedwa "chodabwitsa cha m'bandakucha." Zikondamoyo za munthu wathanzi zimatulutsa insulin yokwanira kuti izi zisakhudze shuga. Koma ndi matenda amtundu woyamba, chisamaliro chikuyenera kuchitika kuti "chisasinthe". Werengani momwe mungachitire.

Malovu amtundu wa anthu ali ndi ma enzymes amphamvu omwe amaphwanya chakudya chambiri chamagalasi kuti azikhala ndi glucose, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amalowetsa m'magazi. Mwa odwala matenda ashuga, zochitika za ma enzymes amenewa ndizofanana ndi munthu wathanzi. Chifukwa chake, zakudya zamafuta zimapangitsa kulumpha lakuthwa mu shuga. Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, maselo a pancreatic beta amapanga insulin yochepa kapena samayipanga konse. Chifukwa chake, palibe insulin yopanga gawo loyamba la yankho la insulin.

Ngati panalibe jakisoni wa insulin "yifupi" musanadye, ndiye kuti shuga yamagazi imakwera kwambiri. Glucose sadzasinthidwa kukhala glycogen kapena mafuta. Mapeto ake, gululo limatha kusefukira ndi impso ndikuthira mkodzo. Mpaka izi zitheke, shuga okwera kwambiri amawononga kwambiri ziwalo zonse ndi mitsempha yamagazi. Nthawi yomweyo, maselo amapitilira "kufa ndi njala" osalandira zakudya. Chifukwa chake, popanda jakisoni wa insulin, wodwala wokhala ndi matenda a 1 amwalira m'masiku ochepa kapena milungu ingapo.

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga 1 amtundu wa insulin

Kodi zakudya zama shuga a carb otsika ndiziti? Chifukwa chiyani muyenera kusankha pazomwe mukugulitsa? Bwanji osangolowa jakisoni wokwanira kuti akhale ndi zonse zokwanira zophatikiza ndi mafuta onse omwe amadya? Chifukwa majakisoni a insulin "amaphimba" kuwonjezeka kwa shuga wamagazi omwe zakudya zopatsa mphamvu zimapangika.

Tiyeni tiwone zovuta zomwe zimapezeka kawirikawiri kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu 1 komanso momwe angawongolere matendawa moyenera kupewa zovuta. Ichi ndi chidziwitso chofunikira! Masiku ano, "ndizopezedwa ku America" ​​kwa akatswiri am'banja makamaka, makamaka kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Popanda kudziona wabodza, ndinu mwayi kwambiri kuti mudafika patsamba lathu.

Insulin yolowetsedwa ndi syringe, kapena ngakhale ndi pampu ya insulin, sigwira ntchito ngati insulin, yomwe nthawi zambiri imapanga kapamba. Insulin ya anthu mu gawo loyambirira la mayankho a insulin nthawi yomweyo amalowa m'magazi ndipo nthawi yomweyo amayamba kutsika shuga. Mu matenda a shuga, jakisoni wa insulin nthawi zambiri amachitika mu mafuta osunthika.Odwala ena omwe amakonda chiopsezo komanso kusangalala amakhala ndi jakisoni wa insulin (musachite izi!). Mulimonsemo, palibe amene amavulala ndi insulin kudzera m'mitsempha.

Zotsatira zake, ngakhale insulin yothamanga kwambiri imayamba kugwira ntchito pambuyo pa mphindi 20. Ndipo mphamvu zake zonse zimawonekera mkati mwa maola 1-2. Izi zisanachitike, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhalabe kokwezeka kwambiri. Mutha kutsimikizira izi mosavuta mwakuyeza shuga m'magazi anu pakatha mphindi 15 mutatha kudya. Izi zimawononga mitsempha, mitsempha yamagazi, maso, impso, ndi zina. Matenda a shuga amakula, ngakhale zolinga zabwino za dotolo ndi wodwala.

Chifukwa chake chithandizo choyenera cha matenda a shuga 1 amtundu wa insulin sichothandiza, akufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane pa ulalo "". Ngati mumatsatira zakudya “zachikhalidwe” zomwe zili ndi matenda amtundu woyamba, mathero omvetsa chisoni - imfa kapena kulemala - ndiwosapeweka, ndipo amabwera mwachangu kwambiri kuposa momwe tingafunire. Tikutsindikanso kuti ngakhale mutasinthira, sizingathandize. Chifukwa amathandiziranso insulin m'matumba a subcutaneous.

Zoyenera kuchita? Yankho likupitilira kuthana ndi matenda ashuga. Pazakudya izi, thupi limasintha pang'ono mapuloteni azakudya kukhala glucose, motero, shuga wamagazi amawonjezerabe. Koma zimachitika pang'onopang'ono, ndipo jakisoni wa insulin amakulolani "kuphimba" kuwonjezeka. Zotsatira zake, zitha kuchitika kuti mutatha kudya ndi wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, shuga m'magazi nthawi iliyonse sidzapitirira 5.3 mmol / l, i.e., zidzakhala ngati anthu athanzi.

Zakudya Zochepa Zopatsa Thupi Za Matenda A shuga Aakulu

Zakudya zocheperako zomwe wodwala matenda ashuga amadya, amakhala ndi insulin yochepa yomwe angafune. Pazakudya zamafuta ochepa, mapiritsi a insulin nthawi yomweyo amagwa kangapo. Ndipo izi zili choncho ngakhale poti kuwerengetsa kuchuluka kwa insulin musanadye, timaganizira kuchuluka kwa zomwe zingafunikire kuphimba mapuloteni omwe adyedwa. Ngakhale mankhwalawa amathandizira odwala matenda ashuga, mapuloteni nthawi zambiri satchulidwa.

Insulin yocheperako yomwe mumafunikira jakisoni, imachepetsa mwayi wamavuto otsatirawa:

  • hypoglycemia - shuga wotsika kwambiri,
  • kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi ndi kutupa,
  • Kukula kwa insulin kukana.

Ingoganizirani kuti ngwazi yathu, wodwala matenda amtundu 1, asintha kudya zakudya zamafuta ochepa. Zotsatira zake, shuga yake yam'magazi sidzadumphira m'mwamba, monga momwe idalili m'mbuyomu, pomwe adadya zakudya zoyenera zam'thupi. Gluconeogenesis ndikusintha kwa mapuloteni kukhala glucose. Njirayi imawonjezera shuga m'magazi, koma pang'onopang'ono komanso pang'ono, ndipo ndizosavuta "kuphimba" ndi jekeseni wa insulin yaying'ono musanadye.

Momwe thupi lamunthu yemwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 amagwira

Ngwazi yathu yotsatira, wodwala matenda a shuga a 2, amalemera makilogalamu 112 pamlingo wa 78 kg. Mafuta ochulukirapo amakhala pamimba pake ndi m'chiuno mwake. Zikondwerero zake ndikupangabe insulin. Koma popeza kunenepa kwambiri kunayambitsa kwambiri, insulin iyi sikokwanira kuti ikhale ndi shuga wabwinobwino.

Wodwala akachita bwino kuti achepetse thupi, ndiye kuti kukana insulini kudzadutsa ndipo shuga m'magaziwo amatha kusintha kotero kuti matenda a shuga athe. Komabe, ngati ngwazi yathu isintha mwachangu moyo wake, ndiye kuti ma cell a beta a kapamba wake "adzatentha" kwathunthu, ndiye kuti adzayamba kudwala matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba. Zowona, ndi anthu ochepa omwe amakhala ndi izi - nthawi zambiri odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2 amapha kugunda kwa mtima, kulephera kwa impso, kapena zilonda m'miyendo.

Kukana kwa insulini kumayambitsidwa chifukwa cha majini, koma makamaka chifukwa cha njira yovuta. Ntchito yolimbitsa thupi komanso kudya zakudya zopatsa mphamvu kumabweretsa kuchuluka kwa minofu ya adipose. Ndipo mafuta ochulukirapo m'thupi omwe amalumikizidwa ndi minofu, amakhala okwera kwambiri pakulimbana ndi insulin. Kapamba adagwira ntchito kwa zaka zambiri ndi nkhawa zambiri.Chifukwa cha izi, amatha, ndipo insulin yomwe imatulutsa sikokwanira kuti shuga akhale ndi shuga. Makamaka, kapamba wa munthu wodwala matenda ashuga a 2 samasungira masitolo ena aliwonse a insulin. Chifukwa cha izi, gawo loyamba la yankho la insulini limalephera.

Ndizosangalatsa kuti nthawi zambiri odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2 omwe ali onenepa kwambiri amapanga insulini yochepa kwambiri, ndipo mosinthana - katatu kuposa momwe anzawo amawonda. Panthawi imeneyi, ma endocrinologists nthawi zambiri amalembera mapiritsi - zotumphukira za sulfonylurea - zomwe zimapangitsa kapamba kuti apange insulin yambiri. Izi zimabweretsa "kutentha" kwa kapamba, chifukwa chomwe mtundu 2 wa shuga umasandulika kukhala mtundu wa 1 wa shuga.

Shuga wamagazi mutatha kudya ndi shuga yachiwiri

Tiyeni tiwone momwe chakudya cham'mawa chophika ndi mbatata, ndiko kuti, chisakanizo cha chakudya ndi mapuloteni, zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa shuga mu ngwazi yathu. Nthawi zambiri, m'mayambiriro a 2 matenda a shuga, shuga m'magazi m'mimba yopanda kanthu amakhala abwinobwino. Ndimadzifunsa kuti asintha bwanji akatha kudya? Onani kuti ngwazi yathu imakonda kwambiri. Amadyanso chakudya kawiri kawiri kuposa anthu onenepa.

Momwe michere imakopedwa, kumakidwa ngakhale mkamwa ndipo nthawi yomweyo kumachulukitsa shuga wamagazi - zomwe takambirana kale. Wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, chakudya chamafuta amadziwikanso mkamwa momwemo ndikumapangitsa kulumpha kowopsa mu shuga. Poyankha, zikondazo zimatulutsa insulini m'magazi, kuyesa kuzimitsa kulumpha uku. Koma popeza kulibe masheya okonzeka, insulin yaying'ono kwambiri imamasulidwa. Izi zimatchedwa.

Cancreas athu otchuka amayesetsa kwambiri kukhala ndi insulin yokwanira komanso shuga wotsika wamagazi. Posakhalitsa, zinthu zidzamuyendera bwino ngati mtundu 2 wa shuga sunapite patali ndipo gawo lachiwiri la insulini silinakhudzidwe. Koma kwa maola angapo, shuga wamagazi amakhalabe okwera, ndipo zovuta za matenda ashuga zimayamba panthawiyi.

Chifukwa cha kukana insulini, wodwala wamtundu wa 2 wodwala matenda ashuga amafuna kawiri kawiri insulini kuti amwe chakudya chomwenso chimakhala ndi mnzake wocheperako. Zodabwitsazi zimakhala ndi zotsatira ziwiri. Choyamba, insulin ndiye mahomoni akuluakulu omwe amalimbikitsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta mu minofu ya adipose. Mothandizidwa ndi insulin yochulukirapo, wodwalayo amakhala wokulirapo, ndipo kukana kwake kwa insulin kumakulitsidwa. Iyi ndi nthawi yoyipa. Kachiwiri, kapamba amagwira ntchito ndi katundu wambiri, chifukwa ma cell ake a beta "ayambiranso". Chifukwa chake, mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga umamasulira mtundu 1 shuga.

Kukana kwa insulin kumapangitsa kuti maselo asamagwiritse ntchito shuga, omwe wodwala matenda ashuga amalandira ndi chakudya. Chifukwa cha izi, amamvabe ludzu, ngakhale atadya kale zochuluka. Nthawi zambiri, munthu amene ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 amadya kwambiri, mpaka amadzimva kuti m'mimba mwadzaza, ndipo izi zimakulitsa mavuto ake. Momwe mungachiritsire kukana kwa insulin, werengani. Iyi ndi njira yokhayo yosinthira thanzi lanu ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 shuga.

Kuzindikira ndi zovuta za matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri

Madokotala osaphunzira amakonda kupereka kuyeserera kwa shuga kwa magazi kuti atsimikizire kapena kutsimikiza kuti matendawa ali ndi matenda ashuga. Kumbukirani kuti ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 shuga, kuthamanga kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhalabe kwabwinobwino kwa nthawi yayitali, ngakhale nthendayo ikapita patsogolo komanso zovuta za matenda ashuga zikukula. Chifukwa chake, kuyezetsa magazi koyenera m'magulu sikokwanira! Lowani kapena, makamaka, mu labotale yodziyimira payokha.

Mwachitsanzo, mwa munthu, shuga yamagazi atatha kudya amadumphira 7.8 mmol / L. Madokotala ambiri omwe ali ndi vutoli salemba kuti ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, kuti asalembetse wodwalayo komanso asamachite nawo mankhwala. Amalimbikitsa lingaliro lawo chifukwa chakuti wodwalayo amapangabe insulini yokwanira, posakhalitsa shuga wake wamagazi atatha kudya amayamba kuchita bwino.Komabe, muyenera kusinthira nthawi yomweyo kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi, ngakhale mutakhala ndi shuga ya 6.6 mmol / L mukatha kudya, komanso zowonjezereka ngati zili zapamwamba. Tikuyesa kupereka njira yoyenera komanso yofunika kwambiri yothandizira matenda a matenda amtundu 1 komanso mtundu wa 2, womwe ungachitike ndi anthu omwe ali ndi ntchito yambiri.

Vuto lalikulu ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 ndikuti thupi limasweka pang'onopang'ono zaka makumi angapo, ndipo izi sizimayambitsa zizindikiro zopweteka mpaka litachedwa. Wodwala wodwala matenda ashuga a mtundu wina 2, ali ndi zabwino zambiri kuposa iwo omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba. Mwazi wake wamagazi sudzafika pamlingo waukulu ngati wodwala matenda ashuga 1 akaphonya jakisoni wa insulin. Ngati gawo lachiwiri la mayankho a insulini silikukhudzidwa kwambiri, ndiye kuti shuga ya magazi ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu ndi odwala popanda kuigwira. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 sangayembekezere "freebie" ngati imeneyi.

Momwe mungachitire bwino matenda a shuga a 2

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, njira zochizira zowonjezera zitha kutsika pancreas, njira "yakuwombera" kwa maselo ake a beta idzaletsa.

Zoyenera kuchita:

Chifukwa cha kuchepa thupi komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mosangalatsa, kukana insulini kudzachepa. Ngati chithandizo chinayambika panthawi yake, ndiye kuti ndizotheka kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi wamba popanda jakisoni wa insulin. Ngati mukufunabe jakisoni wa insulin, ndiye kuti Mlingo wake umakhala wochepa. Zotsatira zake zimakhala moyo wathanzi, wachimwemwe wopanda zovuta za matenda ashuga, kuukalamba kwambiri, ku nsanje ya anzanga "athanzi".

Kupanga kwa insulin

Homoni imapangidwa mu maselo a endocrine a mchira wa kapamba. Kuphatikizika kwa maselo amenewa kumatchedwa islets of Langerhans polemekeza wasayansi yemwe adazipeza. Ngakhale kukula kocheperako, aliyense chisumbucho chimawonedwa ngati kanthu kakang'ono kwambiri ndi kapangidwe kovuta . Amayambitsa kutulutsa insulin. Umu ndi momwe insulin imapangidwira:

  1. Kupanga kwa prroinsulin. Mu kapamba, maziko a mahomoni amapangidwa - preproinsulin.
  2. Signal peptide synthesis. Pamodzi ndi maziko, purroinsulin conductor, peptide, imapangidwa; imapereka gawo m'magulu a endocrine. Pamenepo, amapangidwira mu proinsulin.
  3. Kukula. Kwakanthawi, zigawo zomwe zimathandizidwa zimakhala m'maselo a endocrine system - mu zida za Golgi. Amakhala okhazikika kwakanthawi ndikuphwanya insulin ndi C-peptide. Zochita za kapamba nthawi zambiri zimatsimikiziridwa ndi peptide pa diagnostics ya labotale.
  4. Kulumikizana ndi zinc. Insulin yopangidwa imalumikizana ndi ma ioni a mineral, ndipo shuga ya m'magazi ikamatuluka, timadzi timene timatuluka m'maselo a beta ndikuyamba kutsitsa mulingo wake.

Ngati mulingo wamthupi ndi wokwera, ndiye kuti kuphatikiza kwa mahomoni mu kapamba kumachepetsedwa. Glucagon imapangidwa mu ma alpha cell a islet of Langerhans.

Zochita za insulin

Chochita chachikulu cha mahormoni ndikuwongolera njira zama metabolic m'thupi. Zimakhudza chilichonse: mayamwidwe a mavitamini, mchere, michere, komanso kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zina. Popanda insulini, maselo sangathe kupeza shuga.

Mothandizidwa ndi chinthu, kupezeka kwa ziwalo zam'mimba kumawonjezera, ndipo shuga imalowa mwa iwo. Mofananamo, insulin imatembenuza shuga kukhala polysaccharide - glycogen. Zimagwira ngati gwero lamphamvu lachilengedwe kwa anthu.

Kuchepetsa ntchito

Chifukwa cha kupsinjika ndi kudya, insulini silingangokulitsa, komanso kuchepa. Ndikulakwitsa kuganiza kuti izi ndizotheka koma sizovulaza thanzi. Yambani ntchito yotsitsa mahomoni:

  • zakudya zamafuta okhala ndi chakudya cham'magazi komanso zopatsa mphamvu - insulin yopangidwa ndi gland sikokwanira kuyamwa zinthu zomwe zikubwera. Izi zimapangitsa kuti timadzi tambiri timene timapanga, timatulutsa maselo a beta,
  • kukonda kwambiri kudya kwambiri, ngakhale zakudya zopatsa thanzi zochuluka sizingakhale zothandiza,
  • kusowa tulo kumasokoneza kupangika kwa mahomoni, makamaka ngati munthu wagona tulo kwa maola 4-5,
  • ntchito yochulukirapo, yolimba kapena yowopsa, yolimbikitsa kumasulidwa kwa adrenaline,
  • kuchepa kwa chitetezo chathupi, zotupa zopatsirana,
  • moyo wongokhala womwe umayambitsa ntchito, momwe glucose wambiri amalowa m'magazi, koma osakonzedwa moyenera.

Kuti mumvetsetse bwino momwe insulini imakhudzira thanzi la anthu mu matenda ashuga, muyenera kuganizira momwe machitidwe amtunduwu amakhudzana ndi shuga.

Insulin ndi shuga

Mwa munthu wathanzi, ngakhale mu nthawi yomwe chakudya sichilowa mthupi kwanthawi yayitali, msinkhu wa shuga ndi wofanana. Insulini ikupitilizidwa kupangidwa ndi kapamba nthawi yomweyo. Munthu akadya, chakudya chimasweka, ndipo zakudya zina zimalowa m'magazi a glucose m'magazi. Izi ndizomwe zimachitika:

  1. Chiwindi chimalandira chizindikiro, ndipo mahomoni ophatikizidwa amamasulidwa. Pogwira ndi shuga, imachepetsa shuga ndikuyipangitsa kukhala mphamvu.
  2. Gland imayamba gawo latsopano pakupanga insulin pamalo omwe adagwiritsa ntchito.
  3. Zigawo zatsopano za mahomoni zimatumizidwa m'matumbo - kukhetsa shuga, omwe amakonzedwa pang'ono.
  4. Zotsalira za glucose zosagwiritsidwa ntchito zimasinthidwa pang'ono kukhala glycogen, yomwe imapuma. Ili ndi minofu ndi chiwindi, zomwe zimayikidwa pang'onopang'ono mu minofu ya adipose.
  5. Nthawi itatha kudya, shuga amayamba kutsika. Glucagon imatulutsidwa m'magazi, ndipo glycogen wophatikizika umayamba kugwera mu shuga, zomwe zimapangitsa kukula kwa shuga.

Insulin ndi mahomoni ofunikira omwe mulingo wake umagwirizana kwambiri ndi ntchito ya thupi. Zophwanya zake zimayambitsa matenda omwe amafupikitsa moyo wa munthu zaka makumi angapo, ndikusokoneza ndi zovuta zambiri.

Kusiya Ndemanga Yanu