Mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga 1 - mitundu yonse yazidziwitso

Matenda oopsa - matenda a shuga 1, amasiya wodwalayo kusankha: kuti apulumuke, ayenera kulandira matenda ake ndikuphunzira kukhala nawo. Dotolo waciroma, Areteus, yemwe adakhala m'zaka za zana loyamba 1, adafotokoza koyamba za matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba. Malinga ndi tanthauzo lake, munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga "amabwera ku madzi ndi shuga" ndipo amakhala moyo wamfupi komanso wopweteka. Masiku ano, munthu amene wapeza mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga ali ndi mwayi wokhala ndi moyo wautali. Mankhwala akupanga, ndipo mwina posachedwa atha kuthana ndi matenda osachiritsika.

Type 1 matenda a shuga - Amayambitsa

Matenda owopsa a mahomoni ogwirizana ndi kuchepa kwathunthu kwa insulin mthupi amayamba chifukwa cha kusokonekera kwa chitetezo cha m'thupi. Maselo apadera a pancreatic amasiya kutulutsa insulin. Ali pachiwopsezo ndi ana omwe ali ndi chibadwa china, momwe matenda aliwonse amtundu wa virus angayambitse autoimmune.

Malinga ndi zomwe zaposachedwa, mtundu 1 wa shuga ndiwotheka ngati:

• Mwanayo anali ndi kachilombo m'mimba,
• Mwanayo akukula mwachangu
• Mwanayo adaletsedwa kuyamwa mwachangu
• Mwana wazaka zisanu ndi zitatu samatha kulumikizana pang'ono ndi ana ena ndi akulu.

Matenda a shuga 1ell nthawi zambiri amawonetsedwa pakakhala nkhawa yayikulu.

Ndinadwala matenda a shuga kwa zaka 31, ndipo pokhapokha ndili ndi zaka 81, ndinatha kukhazikitsa shuga. Palibe chomwe ndinachita chapadera. Nditangopita kudziko lina ndikuwombera pulogalamu ndi Ivan Urgant, ndidagula mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe adandipulumutsa ine ku zovuta za shuga wamagazi ambiri. Pakadali pano sindigwiritsa ntchito kalikonse, popeza kuti shuga adasinthasintha ndipo amasungidwa mulingo wa 4.5-5.7 mmol / l.

Gulu

Pakadali pano pali mitundu iwiri ya matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin:

Matenda a shuga osagwirizana ndi omwe amapezeka mu 98% ya odwala omwe amapezeka ndi shuga omwe amadalira insulin. Pankhaniyi, kuchepa kwa insulin kumalumikizidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa maselo apadera a pancreatic chifukwa cha autoimmune zimachitika chifukwa cha thupi. Nthawi yomweyo, ma autoantibodies kupita ku insulin amapezeka m'magazi a wodwala. Ma antibodies amatha pambuyo pakuwonongeka kwathunthu kwa maselo omwe akufuna.

Ndi mawonekedwe a shuga a idiopathic, ma autoantibodies samayang'aniridwa, ndipo chomwe chimapangitsa kuti zikondwerero zomwe sizigwira ntchito masiku onse sichinadziwikebe. Odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu uwu wa matenda ashuga, ndipo nthawi zambiri amawonedwa mwa anthu ochokera ku Asia ndi ku Africa, ntchito yapachirengedwe imatha kubwezeretsedwanso.

Zotsatira zamankhwala zotsatirazi ndizomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga 1:

• Udzu wokhazikika
• Kufunika kosalekeza pokodza
• Nocturnal enursis (mwa ana),
• Kumva njala mosalekeza
• Kuchepetsa mwadzidzidzi (mpaka makilogalamu 15 m'miyezi ingapo),
• Kutopa.

Zochitika monga:

• Khungu lowuma
• Mawonekedwe ofiira pamwamba pa nsidze, pa chibwano,
• Mabala osachiritsa
• Matenda a pakhungu la fungus
• Misomali ya Brittle.

Kale kale, madokotala adawona kuti mkodzo wa odwala ena umakopa tizilombo. Amutcha "mkodzo wokoma." Chizindikiro ichi ndichofanana kwa odwala matenda ashuga.

Ngati mukusowa zizindikiro zoyambirira zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti amachokera ku matenda a shuga, wodwala amatha kukhala ndi ketoacidosis komanso matenda a matenda ashuga panthawi yochepa. Mlingo wa chiwonongeko cha maselo a pancreatic ndi amodzi. Mwa odwala ena, kuchepetsedwa kwa insulin kungatenge zaka zingapo. Kugwedezeka mwamphamvu kwamatenda, matenda, maopareshoni ndi kuvulala zimatha kuyipa kwambiri mu mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo poyambira matenda.

Mwa ana ndi achinyamata, njira zowonongera nthawi zonse zimakhala zamkuntho. Pafupifupi theka la milandu, mtundu 1 wa matenda a shuga umapezeka mwa ana omwe ali kale ndi ketoacidosis wamkulu. Mu ana aang'ono (mpaka zaka 4), matendawa amatha kuthana ndi vuto losakhalitsa.

Kuzindikira

Dokotala wodziwika bwino, dokotala wa ana, katswiri wazonse, endocrinologist amatha kuzindikira matenda a shuga. Maziko okayikira matenda nthawi zambiri amakhala zotsatira za mayeso a hyperglycemia:

• Mwazi wamagazi (musanadye kapena pambuyo pake),
• Shuga wa mkodzo
• Mtengo wa hemoglobin wa glycated.

Maphunziro owonjezera amachitika kuti adziwe mtundu wa shuga:

• Mayeso a Glucose Immunity Zimathandizira kuzindikira gawo la prediabetes, momwe ma cell a kapamba amayamba kuwonongeka ndipo kupanga kwa insulin kumachepa kwambiri.
• Kuyesedwa kwa immunological kwa kukhalapo kwa ma antibodies omwe amakhudzana ndi kuwonongeka kwa maselo a pancreatic.

Matenda a shuga a mtundu wosagwirizana ndi 1 amakhala ndi zinthu zingapo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azindikire ngakhale asanafike kuwonetsa zizindikiro zamankhwala zam'makalasi. Kuti muchite izi, phunzirani za zolembera zamatenda. Asayansi adziwa gulu la ma antigen lomwe limawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda a shuga 1.

Mavuto

Matendawa ndi owopsa pamavuto akuluakulu:

• Hypoglycemic chikomokere chifukwa cha kutsika kwakuthwa kwa shuga m'magazi,
• Ketoacidotic chikomokere chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwambiri kwa shuga m'magazi.

Kukula kwa glycemic coma kumathandizira:

• Kuchuluka kwa insulin
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mopitirira malire
• Mowa woledzera
• Kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi.

Ketoacidotic coma imayamba chifukwa cha insulin yokwanira kapena kukana insulini. Kufunika kowonjezereka kwa mahomoni kumatha kuchitika ndi matenda opatsirana.

Coma imafunika chisamaliro chachipatala mwachangu ndikutumiza wodwala kuchipatala.

Ngati mankhwalawa sanasankhidwe moyenera, lembani matenda amtundu woyamba 1 omwe angayambitse matenda omwewo omwe amadza chifukwa cha mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga:

• Khungu
• Kudulidwa miyendo
• Stroke, mtima,
• Matenda a impso.

Type 1 ndi Type 2 shuga - zimasiyana bwanji

Matenda a shuga nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi shuga wambiri. Ndikofunikira kusiyanitsa mitundu iwiri ya shuga kuti mupange bwino chithandizo.

Gome lofanizira shuga 1 ndi mtundu 2

Jakisoni wa insulin

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa insulin m'thupi mwanjira ya jakisoni ndichofunikira chofunikira kwambiri kwa munthu amene akudwala matenda a shuga. Ngati matendawa afikiridwa ndi munthu patatha zaka 25, kwa nthawi yayitali amatha kuchita popanda jakisoni. Koma matendawa apita patsogolo, ndipo jakisoni wa insulini ayenera kuchitidwa.

M'mbuyomu, ndi insulin yokha ya nyama (bovine ndi nkhumba) yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mankhwala amakono - "anthu a insulin" - amapangidwa mwa njira zopangira ma genetic. Pakukula kwa mphamvu ya mankhwala pthupi, pali mitundu ya insulin:

• Ultrafast (kwa maola 2-4),
• Mwachidule (kwa maola 6-8),
• Pakati (kwa maola 8-16),
• Kutalika (kwa maola 18-26).

Wodwalayo amadzipangira jakisoni wa insulin. Kusiyana ndi ana ndi odwala omwe akudwala. Jakisoni nthawi zambiri amachitidwa pansi pa khungu m'mimba kapena phewa - kuchitapo kanthu msanga, ntchafu - kuti ayambe kuchepa. Ndikosavuta kupanga jakisoni wa insulin pogwiritsa ntchito cholembera - syringe. Ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito pampu ya insulin (dispenser). Ngati ndi kotheka, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito syringe yotaya.

Vuto lalikulu kwambiri la insulin mankhwala ndi matenda a hypoglycemia, omwe amayambitsidwa ndi kulimbitsa thupi kosakonzekera, mankhwala osokoneza bongo a insulini, mowa kapena kudya. Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a insulin ndizosowa kwambiri.

Pampu ya insulin

Chipangizo chamakono chojambulidwa chimatha kusintha kwambiri moyo wa wodwala matenda ashuga. Amakhala ndi microcomputer ndi chidebe chokhala ndi insulin yolumikizidwa ndi catheter. Malinga ndi pulogalamu yomwe ili mkati mwa kompyuta, mlingo woyenera wa insulin umaperekedwa kwa thupi la wodwalayo. Chipangizocho chimayendetsa mabatire.

Catheter imakonzedwa ndi gulu lothandizira pamalo omwe amapezeka jekeseni, nthawi zambiri pamimba. Chipangacho chokha chimakonzedwa ndi chidutswa pazovalazo.

Pobayira, insulin ya ultrafast imagwiritsidwa ntchito, chipangizocho chimagwira ntchito mitundu iwiri:

• Yoyambira, pamene insulin ilowa m'thupi mosalekeza pa liwiro linalake.
• Bonasi momwe mumatha kubayirira insulin kamodzi mthupi kuti muchepetse kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Chipangizocho ndiokwera mtengo, koma kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kukuwonetsedwa makamaka pagulu la anthu:

• Kwa ana
• Amayi oyembekezera
• Anthu omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi mwachangu.

Masewera olimbitsa thupi

Zochita zamasewera sizoletsedwa ngati mwapezeka ndi matenda a shuga 1. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi osalemetsa kumabweretsa phindu m'mitsempha yamagazi ndipo nthawi zambiri kumawongolera moyo wa wodwalayo. Musanaphunzitsidwe, muyenera kufunsa madokotala apadera: katswiri wa zamankhwala wam'maso komanso zamankhwala, pezani upangiri wa dokotala.

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kungakhudze kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Musanaphunzitsidwe, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito glucometer ndikuyeza shuga. Makhalidwe ovomerezeka a kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, pomwe mungayambitse masewera olimbitsa thupi, kuyambira 5 mm / l mpaka 13 mm / l. Kupatuka kuzindikirika kuyenera kusinthidwa moyenerera:

• Tengani mafuta osavuta owonjezera shuga (shuga, maswiti) pamunsi wochepa shuga,
• Yambitsani insulini pamisempha yambiri.

Ndikokwanira kuchita nawo theka la ola tsiku lililonse, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Mukamachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, thupi limayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wabwino kupanga nkhokwe, ndikuphwanya glycogen yokhala ndi glucose.

Kuchita zolimbitsa thupi kwambiri kungayambitse kutopa kwambiri komanso kusokoneza mtima wodwalayo. Pafupifupi mtundu uliwonse wamasewera umaloledwa, kupatula owopsa komanso owopsa, kwa anthu omwe amatha kudziletsa. Sitipangira makalasi omwe angayambitse vuto lalikulu ngati kuli kovuta kuwaletsa:

• Kuyenda pansi pa Scuba
• Kusewera
• Imani pang'ono,
• Kukwera mapiri
• Kupita Kuthambo.

Koma musataye mtima. Ngati mukutsimikiza kuti nthawi zonse muziwongolera zinthu, ndiye kuti sizoyenera kuchita nawo masewera omwe mumakonda.

Pali okwera atatu odziwika - odwala matenda ashuga, omwe adagula nsonga zazitali kwambiri padziko lapansi nthawi imodzi. Mmodzi wa iwo, Msasani Yosu Feyo, akufuna kupanga ndege kuti iwulukire m'mlengalenga.

Sylvester Stalone wodziwika kwambiri adapezeka kuti ali ndi matenda a shuga ogwirizana ndi insulin. Koma izi sizinamulepheretse kuchita zolaula.

Pewani kusewera masewera ngati:

• Simungazindikira kuyambika kwa hypoglycemia,
• Mukukhala ndi zovuta zazikulu zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cholakwika / kusakhazikika kwa mankhwalawa (kuchepa kwa chidwi ndi kupweteka, kuthamanga kwa magazi, chiopsezo chotupa, nephropathy.

Ntchito yayikulu ya dotolo ndi wothamanga wodwala ndikuletsa hypoglycemia, yomwe ingachitike chifukwa chophunzitsidwa.

Hypoglycemia ndi mkhalidwe wowopsa womwe umadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi mpaka 3,3 mM / L.

Mfundo zoyenera kupewa kupewa hypoglycemia mu masewera othamanga ndi odwala matenda ashuga:

• Kusamalira shuga musanaphunzire kapena mutaphunzira,
• Kulandila kwa owonjezera ochulukirapo ola lililonse pakulimbitsa thupi (gwirizanitsani mlingo ndi dokotala)
• Nthawi zonse muzikhala ndi mafuta ophikira (maswiti, tiyi wokoma, msuzi, chidutswa cha shuga).

Njira zodzitetezera kupewa kutsika kwa shuga m'magazi mudzalangizidwa ndi dokotala.

Timakhala nthawi yayitali ndi matenda ashuga

Tikukumbukira kuti mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri. Ziwerengerozo ndizowopsa - ngati simuyang'anira chenicheni cha matendawa, patadutsa zaka zana zitatha kuonekera zizindikilo zoyamba, kusintha kwamphamvu kwa minyewa kumayamba, komwe kumayambitsa matenda a stroko kapena gangore. Ngati simumapereka chithandizo cha matenda a shuga 1, pambuyo pa zaka 40 kuchokera pomwe matendawa amayamba, kulephera kwa impso kumabweretsa kutha kosapeweka.

Mwayi wopulumuka wokalamba mwa wodwala matenda amishuga 1 ndi wocheperapo ndi kawiri kuposa munthu wathanzi. Muubwana, kulephera kuyendetsa bwino kwa achikulire pakubwera koyenera kwa mankhwala mu thupi la mwana kumatha kubweretsa zotsatira zakupha. Mukakula, mathero omvetsa chisoni abweretsa kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika zakumwa zoledzeretsa, fodya ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Masiku ano, odwala matenda ashuga ali ndi mwayi uliwonse wokhala ndi moyo nthawi yayitali. Zida zotsika mtengo za insulin ndi zida zamakono zimawathandiza kulimbana ndi matendawa. Wodwala matenda ashuga ali ndi mwayi wapadera wodziwonetseratu nthawi yomwe adzakhale mdziko lapansi. Adzakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji akafuna kukhala ndi moyo!

Woyenera kutsatira - wobwereranso ku United States, yemwe adakondwerera zaka 90 zapitazo. Matendawa adapezeka mwa iye ali ndi zaka 5. Muunyamata, adaganiza zopewa matendawa. Chinsinsi cha kupambana kwake ndichosavuta - kuyang'anira shuga wamagazi ndi kudya mosamalitsa.

Kupewa komanso zoletsa zovuta

Matenda a shuga 1 amakhala oopsa chifukwa cha zovuta zake zomwe zimayambitsa kulumala ndikufupikitsa nthawi ya moyo. Pofuna kupewa matenda, matendawa amafunikanso "kuyendetsa bedi la Procrustean" malamulo ena a moyo:

• Muzicheza ndi shuga
• Nthawi ndi nthawi muyeze hemoglobin,
• Tsatirani mankhwala a insulini pazoyeserera za dokotala,
• Tsatirani zakudya
• Landirani zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi.

Aliyense amene ali ndi matenda ashuga ndi oletsedwa kwambiri omwe angayambitse kulumpha kwakuthwa m'magazi:

• Kulimbitsa thupi kwakukulu,
• Kusokoneza kwamphamvu.

Matenda a shuga a Type 1 nthawi zambiri amakhala limodzi ndi khungu. Kutsalira pang'ono pamiyendo kumatha kubweretsa zilonda zam'mbuyo zopweteka. Malangizo athandiza kupewa izi:

• Valani nsapato zotayirira.
• Mukamayala, pewani kudula zinthu zakuthwa. Gwiritsani ntchito pumice ndi fayilo ya msomali.
• Madzulo aliwonse, kusambitsana phazi, kudzola mafuta ndi zonona.
• Sanjani mabala ndi antiseptic mosamala, gwiritsani ntchito chigamba cha bactericidal.

Malingaliro a dokotala anu athandizira kuyimitsa kukhazikitsa matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba. Onetsetsani kuti pachaka mumayesedwa ndi akatswiri apadera - akatswiri a maso, akatswiri am'mitsempha, okonda zamankhwala, a nephrologist.

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga

Mankhwala sanakhalepobe omwe amatha kubwezeretsa maselo a pancreatic ndikubwezeretsa kuthekera kwawo kwa insulin.Njira yokhayo yopulumutsira wodwala yemwe wapezeka ndi matenda a shuga a grade 1 ndikugwiritsa ntchito insulin yakale yamoyo wonse. Chifukwa cha izi, mogwirizana ndi malingaliro omwe adokotala adalandira, wodwalayo amadzipangira jakisoni wa insulin.

Kuti m'malo mwa basal / ntchito yokhazikika ya katulutsidwe ka mahomoni, ma insulin apakatikati ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, amagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku lililonse kamodzi. Ma insulin othamanga / oyambira mwachangu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha kukula kwa shuga m'magazi. Wodwalayo amasankha yekha Mlingo wa insulin yayifupi, malinga ndi malingaliro a madokotala.

Mankhwala ndi jakisoni wa insulin, adotolo amakulitsa payekhapayekha malinga ndi mankhwala omwe wodwala aliyense amapereka, omwe amapereka mtundu wa insulin, mlingo komanso ndandanda. Njira zotsatirazi zimatengedwa:

• Zachikhalidwe, momwe ma jakisoni amaperekedwera tsiku lililonse mu Mlingo wokhazikika panthawi yokhazikika.
• Maziko ndi bonasi. Madzulo ndi / kapena m'mawa, jakisoni wa insulin yayitali imaperekedwa. Asanadye chilichonse, amapatsidwa jakisoni wa insulin yochepa / yothamanga kwambiri.

Chithandizo cha matenda a matenda a shuga 1 amtundu wakale zimatha kubweretsa mavuto akulu. Maziko - dongosolo la bonasi limatsata njira yachilengedwe ya insulin yolowera m'magazi motero amalimbikitsidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito.

Chithandizo chothandizira cha mtundu woyamba wa shuga chimapangidwa kuti muchepetse mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo.

• Zakudya zoyenera
• Zololedwa zolimbitsa thupi,
• Kupitiliza kosalekeza kwamagulu a shuga.

Wodwala akangomupeza, mankhwalawa amayamba matenda a shuga 1 amayamba nthawi yomweyo. Amatumizidwa ku "School of Diabetes", komwe amalandila nzeru zonse zofunikira ndikupanga maluso:

• Zakudya zoyenera
• Kudzilamulira nokha kwa insulin
• Kusintha kwa insulin,
• Mphamvu yamagalasi.

Madokotala akugwira ntchito pafupipafupi ku vuto la chithandizo chokwanira cha matenda ashuga. M'tsogolomu, kugwiritsa ntchito insulin mwanjira ya inhalation ndikotheka. Kulonjeza kuphatikizika kwa maselo apadera a pancreatic akuchitika.

Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa zidziwitso, anthu 52% am'dzikoli amapezeka ndi matenda ashuga. Koma posachedwa, anthu ochulukirachulukira akutembenukira kwa akatswiri amtima ndi ma endocrinologists omwe ali ndi vutoli.

Matenda a shuga amathanso kuyambitsa kukula kwa zotupa za khansa. Njira imodzi kapena ina, zotsatira zake zimakhala zofanana - wodwala matenda ashuga mwina amwalira, akulimbana ndi matenda opweteka, kapena amasintha kukhala munthu wolumala, yemwe amangothandizidwa ndi chithandizo chachipatala.

Ndikuyankha funsoli ndi funso - chingachitike ndi chiyani muzochitika zotere? Tilibe pulogalamu yapadera yolimbana ndi matenda ashuga, ngati mungalankhule. Ndipo m'makiriniki tsopano sizotheka kupeza dokotala wodzipereka kumene, osanena kuti mwapeza katswiri kapena wodwala wazachipatala yemwe angakupatseni thandizo labwino.

Tidalandira mwalamulo mankhwala oyamba omwe adapangidwa monga mbali yapadziko lonse lapansi. Kuphatikizika kwake kumakupatsani mwayi pang'onopang'ono kuchita zinthu zofunikira zamankhwala m'mitsempha ya thupi, kulowa m'mitsempha yamagazi. Kulowerera m'magazi kumapereka zinthu zofunika kuzungulira kwa magazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kutsika kwa shuga.