Type 2 shuga > Thandizo

Type 2 shuga mellitus (dzina lina ndi la shuga lomwe silimadalira insulin), kapena shuga II, Ndi matenda a metabolic omwe amadziwika ndi matenda osachiritsika a hyperglycemia, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kubisala kwa insulin kapena zovuta zina polumikizana ndi insulin. Mwanjira ina, kudziwika kwa mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga ndi njira imodzi yolowera shuga kuchokera m'matumbo kuti akwaniritse kusintha kwa shuga kuchoka m'magazi kupita kumaselo ena amthupi.

Nthawi zambiri, mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga umayamba ukatha zaka 40 mwa anthu onenepa kwambiri, ndipo umakhala pafupifupi 90% ya mitundu yonse ya matenda ashuga. Zimayenda pang'onopang'ono, nthawi zina zimachitika limodzi ndi ketoacidosis - kuphwanya kwa kagayidwe kazakudya kamene kamayambitsa kuperewera kwa insulin ndikuwonetsedwa mwa mawonekedwe apamwamba a glucose ndi matupi a ketone m'magazi.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira insulin

DM II ndi matenda obadwa nawo. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amtunduwu ndi onenepa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kunenepa kwambiri ndi gawo lofunikira pachitukuko cha matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2.

Zina zomwe zimayambitsa ngozi ndi izi:

Mitundu (mwachitsanzo, matendawa ndiofala kwambiri pakati pa anthu aku Africa aku Africa),
Khalidwe labwino
Zakudya zopanda pake zambiri zamafuta ochulukitsa komanso ochepa mu fiber ndi ma coarse fiber,
Kukhalapo kwa matenda oopsa, i.e. kuthamanga
Kukhalapo kwa matenda amtima.

Kuphatikiza apo, azimayi omwe ali ndi polycystic ovary ndi omwe adabereka mwana wolemera oposa kilogalamu 4 ali m'gulu lowopsa.

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga a Type 2

Kwa matenda ashuga II, njira zotsatirazi zamkati ndizodziwika bwino:

Mkulu kwambiri wamagazi, omwe amatsogolera pakupanga osmotic diuresis, i.e. kutayika kwambiri kudzera impso zamadzi ndi mchere. Izi zimayambitsa kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi (kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi) komanso kukula kwa kuperewera kwa cations wa potaziyamu, sodium, magnesium, calcium ndi anyezi a chlorine, bicarbonate ndi phosphate.
Kuchepetsa mphamvu ya minofu yogwira ndikutulutsa (gwiritsani) glucose.
Kuchulukitsa kwa zina - zina - mphamvu zamagulu (ma amino acid, mafuta acids aulere, ndi zina).

Mlingo wa glucose umatsimikiziridwa ndi kuyesa kwamwazi wamagazi, zambiri zambiri apa.

Kunja, njira zamtunduwu zimadziwonekera mwanjira yazizindikiro zotsatirazi:

Zouma zam'mimba, ludzu lalikulu, ngakhale ndimamwa kwambiri.
Kufooka kwakanthawi ndi minofu komanso kutopa kwambiri,
Pafupipafupi mtima mtima,
Polyuria - pafupipafupi, pokodza,
Kulumikizana
Khungu loyera
Kuchiritsa kwamabala kwambiri,
Kupatuka kunenepa kwakuthupi: kunenepa kwambiri / kuwonda,
Matenda opatsirana pafupipafupi
Zowonongeka, etc.

Kuzindikira matenda osachiritsika omwe amadalira insulin

Vuto lofufuzira matenda pamaziko a zizindikirozi ndi loti mtundu wa matenda ashuga amtundu wa II, zizindikiro zomwe zafotokozedwazo zimafotokozedwa mosiyanasiyana, zimawoneka mosamveka komanso mosagwirizana, nthawi zina zimazimiririka. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kusanthula kwa ma labotale, komwe kumazindikira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, komwe kumayesedwa m'mililita imodzi ndi theka (mmol / l), ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuwunika kwa matenda ashuga a II. Magazi a capillary amatengedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu kuti awunikenso, kenako - maola awiri atatha kudya.

Mwa munthu wathanzi, shuga wabwinobwino amakhala wofanana ndi voliyumu ya 3.5-5 mmol / L. Maola 2 mutatha kudya, shuga wamba amakhazikika mpaka 7-7.8 mmol / L.

Ngati ziwerengero, motere, ndizoposa 6.1 mmol / l ndi zoposa 11.1 mmol / l, titha kuyankhula kale pakufufuza kwa matenda a shuga 2. Kutsimikizira izi kungakhalenso shuga mumkodzo.

Type 2 shuga

Mtundu wachiwiri umawerengedwa kuti ndi mtundu “wofatsa kwambiri” wa shuga kuposa mtundu woyamba: Zizindikiro zake sizitchulidwa kwenikweni ndipo zimapatsa wodwala zovuta komanso kuvutika. Koma kunyalanyaza ngakhale zizindikiritso zilizonse, kuyembekezera kuti matendawa "achita okha," ndizowunikira kwambiri ndipo ndizosavomerezeka. Tsoka ilo, mankhwala sangachiritse matenda a shuga mellitus II, koma matenda ashuga "amawongoleredwa" ndikukhala ndi moyo wautali komanso wathunthu.

Chinsinsi cha moyo wathunthu m'matenda a shuga ndikuwonetsetsa mayeso a shuga m'magazi. Komabe, ndizosatheka kuyeserera ma laboratori kangapo patsiku. Ma glucometer osunthika, mwachitsanzo, SelectTouch Select, adzakuthandizani - ndi yaying'ono, ndizosavuta kutenga nanu ndikuwonetsetsa kuchuluka kwa glucose komwe kuli kofunikira. Imathandizira kutsimikizika kwa mawonekedwe mu Chirasha, chikhazikitso musanadye komanso mutatha kudya. Chipangizocho ndi chosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, pomwe chimasiyana pakukwaniritsa koyeza. Pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer yosunthika, mutha kuthana ndi mavuto pantchito.

Njira zochizira matenda osachiritsika omwe amadalira insulin zimatengera gawo la matendawo. Chifukwa chake, pagawo I, wodwalayo akuwonetsedwa zakudya, kuchepetsa nkhawa, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi (kuyenda mu mpweya wabwino, kuyendetsa njinga, kusambira), popeza kuchepa thupi pang'ono pamenepa kungapangitse kagayidwe kazakudya m'thupi ndi kaphatikizidwe ka shuga m'magazi chiwindi.

Kuphatikiza chakudya chamagulu a shuga II kumaphatikizapo:

zakudya zopatsa thanzi zamagulu asanu (5-6 zakudya patsiku), malinga ndi dongosolo ndi magawo ang'onoang'ono,
Kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta osavuta osakanikirana, mapuloteni ndi mafuta oundana, komanso mchere ndi mowa,
kuchuluka kwa zakudya zopezeka mu zakudya zamafuta, mavitamini ndi zinthu zina zofunika mthupi (kuphatikizapo kudya piritsi multivitamini),
vuto la kunenepa kwambiri, zakudya zamafuta ochepa (mpaka 1800 kcal patsiku).

Mankhwala okhawo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambira matendawa ndi metformin. Pa magawo II ndi III, kudya ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi zimaphatikizidwa ndikumwa mankhwala omwe alibe insulin. Mwa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira shuga, magulu otsatira ndi omwe amadziwika:

Kukonzekera kwa 2nd sulfonylurea (CM) kukonzekera (chlorpropamide, tolbutamide, glimepiride, glibenclamide, ndi zina zotere) kumathandizira kubisalira kwa insulin mu kapamba komanso kuchepetsa kukana kwa zotumphukira (chiwindi, minofu minofu, adipose minofu).
Kukonzekera kuchokera ku gulu la Biguanide: lero ndi metformin yokha. Amachepetsa kaphatikizidwe ka shuga m'chiwindi ndi mayamwidwe ake m'matumbo, amathandizira kuyamwa kwa shuga ndi maselo ndikuwonjezera chidwi cha minofu pazovuta za insulin. Makamaka, metfomin imaperekedwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana zochepetsa thupi.
Thiazolidinone zotumphukira (rosiglitazone, troglitazone) zimachulukitsa zochitika za insulin receptors ndipo potero zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga, kusintha mawonekedwe a lipid.
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (miglitol, acarbose) amasokoneza mayamwidwe am'mimba m'matumbo am'mimba, potero amachepetsa hyperglycemia ndi kufunika kwa insulin yomwe imachitika mutatha kudya.
Dipeptidyl peptidiasis 4 zoletsa (vildagliptin, sitagliptin) zimawonjezera kukhudzika kwa glucose pancreatic β-cell, mwakutero kusintha secretion wa glucose wodalira.
Ma incretins (glucagon-like peptide-1, kapena GLP-1) amatsogolera kutukusira kwa insulin kotengera glucose, kusintha kwa ntchito ya β-cell ndi kuponderezedwa kwa secretion ya glucagon.

Chithandizo cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo chimayamba ndi monotherapy (kumwa mankhwala 1), kenako ndikuphatikizidwa, ndiye kuti, kuphatikiza pa kuphatikiza kwa mankhwala a 2 kapena kupitirira apo a shuga.

Pazovuta, kuphatikiza mankhwalawa kumathandizidwa ndi chithandizo cha insulin. Kukhazikitsidwa kwake ndi mtundu wina wosagwirizana ndi ntchito ya kapamba, yemwe nthawi zambiri amayenera kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga omwe ali m'magazi ndikumasunga insulini yoyenera.

Insulin imalowetsedwa m'thupi monga jakisoni mosakakamiza, popeza kumeza insulin pakamwa (kudzera mkamwa) kudzapangitsa kuti mankhwala awonongeke ndi madzi a m'mimba.

Ndikosavuta kupanga kuthekera kwa kapamba monga kutulutsidwa kwa insulin, i.e. pa nthawi yake. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti wodwalayo athe kuphatikiza, kugwirizanitsa zakudya ndi jakisoni m'njira yoti shugayo amasungidwa bwino, kupewa hyperglycemia, i.e. shuga wamagazi ambiri, ndi hypoglycemia - zake zochepa.

Mavuto a shuga osadalira insulin

Matenda obwera chifukwa cha shuga osaperekedwa ndi wodwalayo amatha kudwalitsa pang'onopang'ono matenda ake ndipo pamapeto pake amabweretsa zovuta zazikulu - zomwe zimatchedwa "zovuta za matenda a shuga" zomwe zimayamba zaka zingapo pambuyo pake. Wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda amtunduwu a shuga amawonjezera kwambiri chiwopsezo cha kugunda kwa mtima komanso kugunda kwa mtima, kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi mafuta a metabolism amachepa, matenda oopsa amawonedwa, chidwi cham'munsi chimatayika, ziwalo zam'maso ndi impso zimakhudzidwa, etc.

Zotsatira zotsatirazi za mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga zimasiyanitsidwa:

Matenda ashuga microangiopathy - kuwonongeka kwa makoma a mitsempha yaying'ono yamitsempha yamagazi: kuphwanya magazi, kuchuluka kwa fragility, mtima wopanga magazi ndikukula kwa mtima wamatenda a mtima.
Mashuga a macroangiopathy - kuwonongeka kwa makoma a mitsempha yayikulu yamagazi.
Diabetesic polyneuropathy - zovuta zamagetsi zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi micropathy: zotumphukira zamitsempha polyneuritis, paresis, ziwalo, etc.
Matenda a shuga ndi "crunch" mu mafupa, kupweteka mkati mwake, kuchepa kwa kayendedwe, kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi am'mimba, kumawonjezera mamasukidwe ake.
Matenda a matenda ashuga a m'mimba ndikubala koyambirira kwa matenda a cataract, i.e. kuthina kwa mandala.
Matenda a shuga a retinopathy ndi mawonekedwe osatupa a retina la diso, etc.
Matenda a shuga - nephropathy - kuwonongeka kwa impso, kuwonetseredwa pamaso pa magazi ndi maselo a protein mu mkodzo, ovuta kwambiri - limodzi ndi glomerulossteosis ndi kulephera kwa aimpso.
Matenda ashuga encephalopathy - amasintha mu psyche wa wodwalayo komanso momwe akumvera, kukhudzika mtima (kusuntha), kukhumudwa, Zizindikiro za kuledzera kwa chapakati mantha dongosolo.

Chithandizo cha zovuta zamatenda a shuga zimachitika motsogozedwa ndi endocrinologist ndi dokotala wa akatswiri ofanana (ophthalmologist, neuropathologist, cardiologist, etc.).

Musaiwale kuti masiku ano matenda ashuga amatenga malo achitatu pakati pa matenda - oyambitsa kufa (pambuyo pamtima ndi matenda a oncological). Chifukwa chake, pazisonyezo zilizonse za matenda ashuga, kunyalanyaza thanzi la munthu, kuyembekezera kuti matendawa "achoke okha", kapena kuyesa kuthana ndi zomwe matendawa amagwiritsa ntchito "njira za agogo" ndikulakwitsa kosavomerezeka komanso kosakhululukidwa.

Gulu

Mu 1999, World Health Organisation idatchula mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga ngati matenda a metabolic omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kupindika kwa insulini kapena kuchepa kwa chidwi cha insulin (insulin kukana).

Mu 2009, pulofesa waku America, R. De Fronzo, kwa nthawi yoyamba, adafotokozera zojambula zomwe zinali ngati "octet" wowopsa pamankhwala ofunikira am'thupi omwe amatsogolera ku hyperglycemia. Zinadziwika kuti kuwonjezera pa insulin yolimbana ndi maselo a chiwindi, minofu yolimbana ndi β-cell, gawo lofunikira mu pathogeneis ya matenda a shuga 2 imaseweredwa ndi kuphwanya kwa mphamvu ya kuperewera, kuphatikiza kwa glucagon ndi ma cell a pancreatic, activation ya lipolysis ndi adipocytes, kuchuluka kwa aimpso komanso kubwezeretsanso mphamvu. kufala kwa neurotransmitter pamlingo wamkati wamanjenje. Chiwembu ichi, chomwe chinkawonetsa kusanthula kwa matendawa, mpaka posachedwapa, akuwonetsa bwino za malingaliro amakono pa matenda a shuga a mtundu 2. Komabe, mu 2016, gulu la asayansi, lotsogozedwa ndi a Stanley S. Schwartz, linaganiza kuti lingaliro la "kusinthika" mwanjira inayake, lomwe linawonjezeredwa ndi maulalo ena atatu pakupanga hyperglycemia: kutupa kwamakonzedwe, kusintha kwa zam'mimba m'matumbo microflora ndi kupangika kwa amylin. Chifukwa chake, mpaka pano, njira 11 zolumikizana zomwe zimayambitsa kupitilira kwa shuga ndizodziwika kale.

Sinthani ya masanjidwe |Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 ndi shuga 1

Ngati matenda a mtundu woyamba, omwe amapezeka makamaka mwa ana ndi achinyamata, amapezeka modabwitsa komanso mosayembekezereka, ndiye kuti mtundu wachiwiri wa kusokonekera kwa pancreatic ukukhwima pang'onopang'ono.

Matenda a shuga a Type 1 amayanjana ndi chibadwa chamunthu, chachiwiri - zambiri ndi njira ya moyo.

Loyamba limatengera insulin, popeza mahomoni samapangidwa palokha, chachiwiri, monga lamulo, sichoncho, ngakhale kuti insulini ingafunike pamlingo wambiri.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa WHO, mdziko lapansi (makamaka m'maiko otukuka), anthu 5 mpaka 7% amadwala matenda a shuga. Komanso, pakati paopeza zaka zopitilira 65, odwala matenda ashuga ali kale 20%. Mtundu wachiwiri umapezeka nthawi zambiri kuposa ena (80% ya milandu). Ndipo pofotokoza zaimfa, "mliri wa m'ma 2000" umakhala wachitatu pambuyo pa oncology wobisika komanso mtima wamitsempha. Zoneneratu za WHO ndikukhumudwitsanso: ngakhale kuti mankhwala akupanga, kuchuluka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi "matenda okoma" kukuyenda bwino. Kumbali ina, izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kukalamba kwa anthu padziko lonse lapansi, komanso, ku "kukonzanso" kwakukulu kwa matendawa chifukwa cha kudya kosayenera ndi machitidwe - hypodynamia.

Komanso, popeza tikufuna kuthamangitsa ziphunzitso zambiri zokhudzana ndi matenda ashuga, ndikofunikira kutchula mawonekedwe amakono azamankhwala omwe samangoganizira za chithandizo, koma kuchepetsa matenda a matenda oopsa. Mankhwala ambiri omwe amagulitsidwa muukonde wa malo ogulitsa mankhwala otchuka, ndipo awa ndi opitilira 85% sangatchulidwe ngati mankhwala. Amangoletsa zizindikiro. Zomwezi zimachitikanso ndimankhwala a shuga. Wodwala matenda ashuga amakakamizidwa kumwa mankhwala osachepera awiri kuti achulukitse kuthamanga kwa magazi, bwanji atero? Kupatula apo, kuthamanga kwa magazi kapena magazi ndi chizindikiro cha matenda kapena chizindikiro chomwe chikuonetsa kukula kwa vuto la matenda ashuga. Chifukwa chiyani "kum'chiritsa" pomwe muzu waukulu wazoyipa ukupitabe patsogolo?

Ndizopindulitsa kwa akatswiri azamankhwala kugulitsa mankhwala. Iwo, mwa zina, ali ndi zoyipa zingapo zomwe zimachepetsa thupi. Chifukwa chake amadzipereka okha, chifukwa amapeza makasitomala okhazikika omwe amakakamizidwa kukhala pamapiritsi amoyo wonse.

Kwa odwala matenda ashuga omwe "angopangidwa kumene", ndikofunikira kuphunzira momwe mungayang'anire bwino zakudya, nthawi yanji komanso kuchuluka kwa chakudya, komanso kusinthasintha zochitika tsiku ndi tsiku ndi zochitika zolimbitsa thupi. Simuyenera kuthamangira kupita kuchipatala kukatenga mankhwala onse omwe dokotala amakupatsirani, chifukwa ena mwa iwo sikuti ndi osafunikira komanso owopsa. Sintha shuga m'magazi akhoza kukhala chakudya chochepa kwambiri ngati mafuta olimbitsa thupi. China chake ndikuti matenda ashuga ali patsogolo. Poterepa, osati matendawa okha, komanso zovuta zake, zomwe ndizomwe zikuchititsa kuti chiwerengero cha anthu ambiri padziko lapansi chife, chikuyambitsidwa.

Palibe amene adafunapo chithandizo chamankhwala odwala matenda ashuga. Ndiwopanda phindu! Ngati muwachiritsa tsopano, ndiye kuti akatswiri azamankhwala ataya ndalama zawo zambiri. "Matenda Okoma" ndi matenda agolide omwe amapanga ndalama zambiri.

Ndikosavuta kumvetsetsa pawokha kuti thupi limakulitsa matenda pang'onopang'ono. Nthawi zambiri zimapezeka mu mtundu wina wa kafukufuku wachitatu, pomwe glucose wambiri m'magazi am'magazi (hyperglycemia) wapezeka pamimba yopanda kanthu - ichi ndiye chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda ashuga. Nthawi zambiri izi sizimawonekeranso. Inde, Zizindikiro zina zimapangidwanso mu "matenda okoma", kupezeka kwake komwe nthawi zambiri kumakhala kwa matenda ena. Chifukwa cha izi, ndizovuta kuzindikira. Ambiri amakhala naye kwa zaka zambiri ndipo sakudziwa izi. Munthu sangadziwe matenda amtundu wa endocrine ndipo amayamba kuwomba pokhapokha ngati "chikufika" pamavuto owopsa a matenda ashuga (phokoso la matenda ashuga, kuwonongeka kowonekera, ndi zina). Chifukwa chake, kuzindikiridwa kumapangidwa nthawi zambiri pambuyo poyesedwa m'magazi a shuga.

Ndikofunikira kuti muziwongolera zinthuzi mukakhala kuti mukugwirizana ndi zina.

Mowa wambiri wowonjezera wokoma ndi chakudya china.
Moyo - wokhala pansi, wosagwira ntchito.
Kupezeka kwa kulemera owonjezera kapena kunenepa.
Kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi matenda amtima.
Ngati banja kale matenda a shuga.
Age 50.

Ndi kukula kwa matenda ashuga, kuwunika komwe kumachitika m'mimba yopanda kanthu kumawonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'thupi kawiri mpaka katatu.

Muyenera kudziwa kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhala kuchokera pa 3.5 mmol / L mpaka 6.1 mmol / L.

Zonsezi pamwambapa zimadziwika kuti ndi hyperglycemia: yofatsa (mpaka 8,2 mmol / L), yodziwika (mpaka 11.0 mmol / L), kwambiri (pamtunda wa 11.1 mmol / L). Mukatha kudya, chizindikirocho sichikuyenera kupitirira 8.0 mmol / L, ndipo asanagone ndizovomerezeka - kuyambira 6.2 mmol / L mpaka 7.5 mmol / L.

Kodi n'zotheka kuchiza matenda a shuga

Popeza adalandira matenda okhumudwitsa, ayenera kufunsa funso lotere. Tsoka ilo, ndizosatheka kuchira kwathunthu, koma ndizotheka kuchepetsa zomwe zimachitika ndikuwonjezera zaka zokhala ndi moyo momwe zingathere.

Ngakhale mtundu wa 2 wodwala mellitus suchiritsika, tanthauzo la "kuyimitsidwa" kwake limachepetsedwa pakuchepetsa kwakukulu kwa shuga m'magazi kuti kukhale bwino, izi zimatchulidwanso kuti kulipidwa. Kutsatira mosamalitsa malangizo a endocrinologist, wodwalayo amatha kusintha mkhalidwe wake komanso thanzi lake.

Koma pa izi muyenera kuchita nokha. Choyamba, kuyang'anira shuga wamagazi pafupipafupi (kuyesedwa mu labotale, glucometer), ndipo chachiwiri, kusintha njira ya moyo, kusintha mtundu wake.

Kukana zizolowezi zoyipa: kudya kwambiri, kusuta, kumwa mowa.
zakudya achire
Zakudya zopatsa thanzi m'malo ochepa - 6 pa tsiku.
Kuyenda pafupipafupi mu mpweya wabwino komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi (masewera olimbitsa thupi, kusambira, njinga).
Kusunga mulingo woyenera kwambiri, malinga ndi lamulo, jenda komanso zaka.
Kusunga kuthamanga kwa magazi kosaposa 130 mpaka 80.
phytotherapy
Kudya moyenera mankhwala ena (ngati kuli kotheka, insulin).

Ndi angati omwe amakhala ndi matenda ashuga a 2

Zonse zimatengera nthawi yodziwika bwino komanso kutha kusintha mwanjira yatsopano. Mokulira, iwo samafa ndi matendawa omwe, koma ndi zovuta. Ziwerengero zosasunthika zimanena kuti mwayi wokhala ndi zaka zambiri za anthu odwala matenda ashuga ndi wocheperapo ndi 1.6 kuposa anzanga athanzi. Komabe, chowonadi chakuti m'zaka zana zapitazi kufa kwawo kwatsika kangapo ndikulimbikitsa.

Kutalika kwa moyo wa anthu odwala matenda ashuga kumadzidalira. Zochitika padziko lonse lapansi zamankhwala zikuwonetsa kuti mu gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a odwala omwe amatsatira zakudya ndi njira zamankhwala zamasiku amenewo, mkhalidwe umakhala wokhazikika popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Ndipo musagonjere ndi malingaliro osalimbikitsa. Mantha ndi mdani wa odwala matenda ashuga, endocrinologists akuti. Mkhalidwe wopsinjika ukhoza kuyambitsa kuwonongeka msanga pamlingo wambiri komanso kukulitsa zovuta zazikulu.

Mavuto ndiomwe mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga ndi woopsa. Mwachitsanzo, akuti 75% ya anthu omwe amafa ndi matendawa amagwirizana ndi mtima. M'mitsempha yamagazi, chifukwa cha shuga owonjezera, imakhala yowoneka bwino komanso yolimba, chifukwa chomwe mtima umagwira ndi zovuta zambiri. Ndi "zodabwitsa zina" ziti zomwe tingayembekezere?

Ndi matenda a shuga ophatikizidwa ndi matenda oopsa, chiwopsezo cha stroketi ndi kugunda kwa mtima kawiri.
Nephropathy ndi matenda a shuga a impso omwe samatha kupirira ntchito yoyeretsa m'thupi.
Chifukwa cha shuga osakonzedwa, vuto la metabolic m'maselo limayambika m'chiwindi: mafuta hepatosis, omwe pambuyo pake amakhala hepatitis ndikutha ndi cirrhosis.
Kuwopsa kwa minofu yam'mphepete, kuchepa kwa mphamvu, dzanzi, kukokana (makamaka miyendo).
Anthu odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi mapazi ovulala kapena matenda oyamba ndi fungus.
Matenda a shuga a retinopathy ndi kuwonongeka kwa retina komwe kungayambitse khungu lathunthu.

Kulumala shuga mtundu 2

Kukula kwa zovuta zazikulu ndi "matenda okoma" posachedwa kumabweretsa kulumala. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, chiyembekezo choterechi chimayembekezera pafupifupi theka la onse ovutika ndi matenda otere. Dziwani kuti anthu omwe amadya moyenera komanso mosamala kutsatira malangizo a dokotala amatha kupewa mkhalidwe wolumala.

Kuwonongeka kwa gulu lofatsa (lachitatu) limayimiridwira njira yotsatirika ya matendawa, pomwe zovuta zamagulu ofunikira zamthupi zimawonekera pang'ono, koma zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito onse. Anthu otere amakhala ophatikizika muzochitika zovulaza, nyengo yankhanza, maulendo azamalonda ndi masinthidwe ausiku, kupsinjika kwamthupi ndi m'malingaliro, komanso nthawi yogwira ntchito yosagwirizana.

1 ndi gulu 2

Magulu achiwiri ndi oyamba (osagwira ntchito) amapatsidwa odwala omwe akufuna chisamaliro chokhazikika, zoletsa kuyenda komanso kudzisamalira, komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha zovuta zamkati komanso kuzunza koopsa (mitundu yayikulu ya mtima kapena kulephera kwa impso, kusokonezeka kwa mitsempha ndimatenda amisala, matenda ashuga, matenda osokoneza bongo, ovuta kwambiri kusiya mu masomphenya kapena khungu).

Zoletsedwa Zazakudya Zosiyanasiyana Zazakudya Zosiyanasiyana

Mu matenda ashuga, kudya zakudya zoyenera kumathandiza kwambiri. Posankha chakudyacho, njira yokhayokha ndi yabwino, poganizira magawo ambiri, koma amalimbikitsidwa. Zakudya ziyenera kukhala 25% ya mapuloteni, ndipo mafuta ndi chakudya sayenera kupitilira 20% ndi 55%, motsatana. Pankhaniyi, zokonda ziyenera kuperekedwa kwa mapuloteni amachokera ku mbewu, polyunsaturated mafuta acids ndi omwe amadziwika kuti "carbohydrate aatali" - okhala ndi index yotsika ya glycemic.

Kuchepetsa kwambiri momwe mungathere, ndipo ndibwino kupatula zinthu zomwe zimaletsedwa: mitundu yonse ya maswiti ndi ma confectionery (maswiti, makeke, makeke, jams ndi uchi, timadzi tokonzedwa, timadzi tokoma ndi madzi otumphukira), zinthu kuchokera ku ufa woyera wa premium, ma muffins, komanso mbatata, beets shuga, semolina, mpunga wopukutidwa, pasitala.
Kuchepetsa kumwa kwamafuta acids, omwe amapezeka munyama ndi mafuta (nkhumba, bakha, mwanawankhosa, nyama zamtundu uliwonse) ndi zinthu zamkaka (zonona wowawasa, kirimu, ayisikilimu, tchizi, batala).
Yesani kupewa zipatso zokhala ndi fructose: nthochi, mphesa, sitiroberi, kuchokera ku zouma zipatso - madeti, mphesa zamphesa, nkhuyu.
Pankhani ya zovuta za metabolic, thupi limafunanso kubwezeretsanso zinthu zofunikira: mavitamini (C, D, A, E, gulu B), kufufuza zinthu (magnesium, chromium, zinki, manganese, potaziyamu ndi ena), amino acid, coenzyme Q10, ndi zina zambiri.

Kusala ndi matenda a shuga

Mpaka posachedwa, akatswiri azakudya adakhulupirira kuti kufa ndi njala ndi shuga m'magazi ndizosagwirizana. Koma tsopano zatsimikiziridwa kuti kuletsa kokhazikika m'zakudya sikothandiza kokha pakuchepetsa thupi, kumatha kuyeretsa m'mimba, chiwindi ndikuyambiranso zosokoneza za thupi. Izi zimathandizira kukonza kapamba, kuwonjezera insulini ndikupanga shuga. Malangizowa ali othandizira makamaka odwala matenda ashuga a mtundu wachiwiri magawo oyambira. Pali zitsanzo za kuchira kwathunthu pogwiritsa ntchito kusala kwachiwonetsero motsogozedwa ndi madokotala. Pankhaniyi, chidwi chiyenera kulipidwa pakuwonjezera kuyeretsa (kuthirira kwamatumbo, enemas), komanso kukonzekera koyenera ndi kutuluka kwa thupi kuchokera pamenepa.

Komabe, simungathe njala nokha! Nthawi yonse yosala kudya ndiyofunikira motsogozedwa ndi dotolo yemwe amayang'anira njira zonse ndikuthandizira kuzolowera nyengo yanjala "yokwanira".

Ngati matenda amtundu wa endocrine amachititsa kuti muchepetse kuwonda osafunikira, sizoyenera kuti musiye zakudya zanu komanso zakudya zanu. Poterepa, mukungofunika kuwonjezera zomwe zili mkati mwa chakudya. Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kuyamba kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi osavuta. Tinakambirana zambiri za zochitika zolimbitsa thupi za anthu odwala matenda ashuga mu nkhani yomwe imanena za mndandanda wamatenda a glycemic komanso zoyambira za zakudya za anthu odwala matenda ashuga.

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Zambiri

Liwu loti "shuga" limamasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chigriki kuti "kumatha, kutanthauza" matendawa amatanthauza "kutuluka kwa shuga", "kutayika kwa shuga", lomwe limafotokozera chizindikiro chachikulu - kuchuluka kwa shuga mkodzo. Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga a mellitus, kapena matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira insulin, amakula motsutsana ndi maziko a kuchuluka kwa minofu yolimbana ndi insulin komanso kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa magawo a ma islets a Langerhans. Mosiyana ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 shuga, momwe kuperewera kwa insulin kumayambira, matenda amtundu wa 2, kuchepa kwa ma cell ndi chifukwa chokhala ndi insulin nthawi yayitali. Ma data a Epidemiological ndi opambana kwambiri, kutengera mtundu, chikhalidwe chachuma. Ku Russia, kuchuluka kwakukulu ndi 7%, 85% ya mitundu yonse ya matenda ashuga. Izi zimachuluka pakati pa anthu azaka zopitilira 40-45.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga 2

Kukula kwa matendawa kumayambitsidwa ndi kuphatikizika kwa cholowa chamtsogolo ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhudza thupi moyo wonse. Mwa kukula, zovuta zakunja zimachepetsa chidwi cha maselo a thupi kupita ku insulin, chifukwa chomwe amasiya kulandira kuchuluka kwa shuga. Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga wachiwiri:

Kunenepa kwambiri Minofu ya Adipose imachepetsa kuthekera kwa maselo kugwiritsa ntchito insulin. Kunenepa kwambiri ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwa matendawa, kunenepa kwambiri kumatsimikiziridwa mu 80-90% ya odwala.
wongokhala. Kuchepa kwa ntchito zamagalimoto kumayipira ntchito ya ziwalo zambiri ndipo kumathandizira kuchepetsa njira ya metabolic m'maselo. Khalidwe la hypodynamic limayendera limodzi ndi shuga wambiri ndi minyewa yake komanso kuchuluka kwake m'magazi.
Zakudya zopanda pake. Choyambitsa chachikulu cha kunenepa kwambiri mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ndi kudya kwambiri - kudya kwambiri zopatsa mphamvu. Choipa china ndikugwiritsa ntchito shuga wambiri woyengeka, yemwe amalowa m'magazi mwachangu, ndikupangitsa "kudumpha" mu insulin yotulutsa.
Endocrine matenda. Mawonekedwe a shuga amatha chifukwa cha endocrine pathologies. Pali zochitika zina zotsutsana ndi kapamba, zotupa za pakhungu, kuchepa kwa pituitary, hypo- kapena hyperfunction ya chithokomiro cha chithokomiro kapena gland ya adrenal.
matenda opatsirana. Mwa anthu omwe ali ndi katundu wobadwa nawo, chiwonetsero chachikulu cha shuga chimalembedwa ngati chovuta cha matenda oyamba ndi kachilombo. Oopsa kwambiri ndi fuluwenza, herpes ndi hepatitis.

Pa mtima wa mtundu wa 2 shuga ndikuphwanya kagayidwe ka chakudya chifukwa cha kukana kwa maselo ku insulin (insulin kukana). Kuthekera kwa minofu kutenga ndikugwiritsa ntchito glucose kumachepetsedwa, mkhalidwe wa hyperglycemia, kuchuluka kwa shuga wa plasma, ukupanga, njira zina zopangira mphamvu kuchokera ku mafuta acids aulere ndi ma amino acid amathandizidwa. Kulipiritsa hyperglycemia, thupi limachotsa kwambiri glucose kudzera mu impso. Kuchuluka kwake mu mkodzo kumawonjezeka, glucosuria amakula. Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'madzi azinthu zachilengedwe kumapangitsa kuti magazi azikhala ochepa, zomwe zimakwiyitsa polyuria - kukodza kambiri pafupipafupi ndi kuchepa kwamadzi ndi mchere, zomwe zimapangitsa kusowa kwamadzi komanso kusowa kwa madzi m'magetsi. Zizindikiro zambiri za matenda ashuga zimafotokozedwa ndi njirazi - ludzu kwambiri, khungu lowuma, kufooka, arrhythmias.

Hyperglycemia amasintha njira ya peptide ndi lipid metabolism. Zotsalira za shuga zimaphatikizidwa ndi mamolekyulu a mapuloteni ndi mafuta, kusokoneza ntchito zawo, kusokonekera kwa glucagon mu kapamba kumachitika, kuwonongeka kwa mafuta komwe kumapangitsa mphamvu yamagetsi, kubwezeretsedwanso kwa glucose ndi impso kumakulitsidwa, transmitter imalekeka mu dongosolo lamanjenje, ndipo minofu yamatumbo imakhala ikuvulazidwa. Chifukwa chake, njira za pathogenetic za matenda ashuga zomwe zimayambitsa maselo pathologies (angiopathy), dongosolo lamanjenje (neuropathy), dongosolo logaya chakudya, komanso timimba ta endocrine secretion. Njira yotsatira ya pathogenetic ndikusowa kwa insulin. Amapangidwa pang'onopang'ono zaka zingapo, chifukwa cha kufooka komanso kufa mwachilengedwe kwa β-cell. Popita nthawi, kuchepa kwa insulini m'malo mwake kumasinthidwa. Kudalira kwachiwiri kwa insulin kumachitika, odwala amadziwika ndi insulin.

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga a 2

Matendawa amakula pang'onopang'ono, poyambira mawonekedwe sawonekera, izi zimasokoneza mayesowo. Chizindikiro choyamba ndikuwonjezera ludzu. Odwala amamva pakamwa pouma, amamwa malita atatu ndi atatu patsiku. Momwemo, kuchuluka kwa mkodzo ndi chidwi chotsitsa chikhodzodzo. Ana amatha kukhala ndi enursis, makamaka usiku. Chifukwa chokodza pafupipafupi komanso shuga wambiri mumkodzo wowonjezera, khungu la inguinal limasokonekera, kuyabwa kumachitika, redness imawonekera. Pang'onopang'ono, kuyabwa kuphimba pamimba, m'khosi, m'miyendo ndi m'mawondo. Kusakwanira kwa glucose wokwanira minofu kumapangitsa kuti munthu azikhala ndi chidwi chofuna kudya, odwala amakhala ndi njala pokhapokha maola awiri atatha kudya. Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa kudya kwa caloric, kulemera kumakhalabe komweko kapena kuchepa, chifukwa glucose samamwa, koma amatayika ndi mkodzo wothira.

Zizindikiro zowonjezera ndikutopa, kumangokhala wotopa, kugona kwanthawi masana, ndi kufooka. Khungu limakhala louma, lionda, limakonda kupindika, matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi. Thupi mikwingwirima mosavuta. Mabala ndi abrasions amachiritsa kwa nthawi yayitali, nthawi zambiri amatenga kachilomboka. Atsikana ndi amayi, amisala amtundu wa chibadwa amakula, mwa anyamata ndi amuna, matenda amkodzo. Odwala ambiri amafotokoza kutulutsa kwamphamvu m'minwe, dzanzi. Mukatha kudya, mumatha kumva kusanza komanso kusanza. Kuthamanga kwa magazi kumakwezedwa, kupweteka mutu komanso chizungulire sizachilendo.

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga 2

Mu endocrinology yothandiza, njira yodziwira bwino yothandizira mankhwalawa ndiofala. M'mayambiriro oyamba a matendawa, cholinga chachikulu ndikuwonetsa kusintha kwa moyo wa odwala ndi upangiri komwe akatswiri akukambirana za njira za shuga ndi shuga. Ndi hyperglycemia yosatha, funso la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala limathetsedwa. Mulingo wathunthu wa zochizira umaphatikizapo:

Zakudya. Njira yayikulu yazakudya ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zakudya zopezeka m'mafuta ndi chakudya chamafuta ambiri. Makamaka "owopsa" ndizopangira shuga - zotsekemera, maswiti, chokoleti, zakumwa zotsekemera za kaboni.Zakudya za odwala zimakhala ndi ndiwo zamasamba, zamkaka, nyama, mazira, kuchuluka kwa chimanga. Zakudya zowoneka bwino, zoperewera zochepa, kukana mowa ndi zonunkhira ndizofunikira.
Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi. Odwala omwe alibe zovuta zovuta za matenda ashuga amawonetsedwa masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe amalimbitsa njira za oxidation (masewera aerobic). Kutalika kwawo, kutalika ndi kulimba kwake kumatsimikiziridwa payekhapayekha. Odwala ambiri amaloledwa kuyenda, kusambira ndi kuyenda. Nthawi yapakati pa phunzilo limodzi ndi mphindi 30-60, pafupipafupi ndi katatu pa 3-6 pa sabata.
Mankhwala. Ntchito mankhwala a magulu angapo. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma gluuanides ndi thiazolidinediones, mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kukana kwa insulin, maselo omwe amachepetsa shuga m'magawo am'mimba komanso momwe amapangira chiwindi, afala. Ndi mphamvu yawo yokwanira, mankhwalawa amayikidwa kuti apititse patsogolo ntchito za insulin: DPP-4 inhibitors, sulfonylureas, meglitinides.

Zotsogola ndi kupewa

Kuzindikira kwakanthawi ndikuwonetsetsa momwe odwala akuwathandizira ku matenda ashuga kungathe kubwezeretsedweratu, momwe standardoglycemia imapitilira kwanthawi yayitali, ndipo moyo wa odwala amakhalabe wokwera. Popewa matendawa, ndikofunikira kutsatira zakudya zopatsa thanzi zomwe zimakhala ndi fiber yayikulu, kuletsa zakudya zotsekemera ndi zamafuta, njira yabwino yazakudya. Ndikofunika kupewa kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kupatsa thupi ntchito zolimbitsa thupi ngati mukuyenda tsiku lililonse, kusewera masewera kawiri pa sabata. Kuwunikira pafupipafupi shuga kumakhala kofunikira kwa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo (onenepa kwambiri, okhwima ndi ukalamba, milandu ya matenda ashuga pakati pa abale).

Mudzakhala ndi chidwi chowerenga izi:

Momwe mungasungire thanzi: malangizo a dokotala wamkulu Nikolai Amosov

Matenda a shuga m'magulu amuna, ndi zomwe muyenera kudziwa

Mowa ndi zakumwa zozizilitsa kukhosi za shuga

Zipatso Zabwino Zabwino Zapamwamba Zokhalira ndi shuga

Ubwino wodabwitsa wa tiyi wa rooibos

KULAMBIRA KWA CATASTROPHIC KWA ZIWANDA

Matenda a shuga ndi World Health Organisation

Etiology ya mwadzidzidzi

Monga mukudziwa, pali mitundu iwiri ya matenda ashuga - T1DM ndi T2DM, omwe ndiofala kwambiri pochita zamankhwala. Pali mitundu yanji ya matenda, koma amapezeka mwa anthu nthawi zambiri.

Ngati mtundu woyamba wamatenda umakula msanga, ndiye kuti mtundu wachiwiri umayamba pang'onopang'ono mwa munthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu asazindikire kusintha kwakuthupi kwa nthawi yayitali.

Kuchokera pachidziwitso ichi ndikofunikira kunena kuti patatha zaka 40, kuwunikira mosamala kuchuluka kwa glucose m'thupi kumafunikira kuti athe kuzindikira mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko.

Pakadali pano, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda osachiritsika sizikudziwika. Komabe, zinthu zomwe zingagwiritsane ndi chiyambi cha matenda a matenda zimafotokozedwa:

Kutengera kwam'tsogolo matendawa. Kuthekera kwa kufalikira kwa matenda "ndi cholowa" kuchokera pa 10% (ngati kholo limodzi ndiwodwala) mpaka 50% (ngati matenda ashuga ali mu anamnesis a makolo onse awiri).
Kulemera kwambiri. Ngati wodwalayo ali ndi minyewa yambiri ya adipose, ndiye motsutsana ndi maziko a izi, ali ndi kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa minofu yofewa kuti apange insulin, yomwe imathandizira kukulitsa matendawa.
Zakudya zopanda pake. Kuthiridwa kwakukulu kwa chakudya kumaonjezera ngozi ya kukhala ndi matenda.
Kupsinjika ndi mantha wamanjenje.
Mankhwala ena, chifukwa cha poizoni, amatha kubweretsa mavuto m'thupi, omwe umawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi matenda a shuga.

Zomwe zimatha kudwalitsa matenda opatsirana zimaphatikizapo kukhala panokha. Izi zimabweretsa osati kulemera kwambiri, komanso zimakhudza mayendedwe a shuga m'thupi.

Oimira chiwerewere choyenera, chomwe ovomerezeka ya polycystic ili pachiwopsezo. Komanso amayi omwe adabereka mwana wolemera oposa kilogalamu zinayi.

Mtundu 2 shuga: Zizindikiro ndi magawo

Mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga umadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'thupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale osmotic diuresis. Mwanjira ina, madzi ndi mchere wambiri amachotsedwa m'thupi kudzera mu impso.

Zotsatira zake, thupi laumunthu limataya chinyezi mwachangu, kuchepa kwa thupi kumawonedwa, kuchepa kwa zinthu zam'madzi mkati mwake kumawululidwa - ichi ndi potaziyamu, sodium, magnesium, chitsulo, phosphate. Potengera momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito, minofu imataya gawo lawo ndipo imagwira shuga.

T2DM imayamba pang'onopang'ono. Muzochitika zambiri, pamakhala maphunziro aubongo, omwe amawululidwa mwangozi mukapita ku chipatala kapena ngati akupita kokayezetsa kuchipatala.

Chithunzi cha matenda matendawa ndi motere:

Kuchuluka kwa madzi akumwa pamene wodwala amakhala ndi ludzu pafupipafupi (munthu amatha kumwa mpaka malita 10 patsiku).
Pakamwa pakamwa.
Kwambiri kukodza mpaka 20 pa tsiku.
Kulakalaka kudya, khungu louma.
Matenda opatsirana pafupipafupi.
Matenda ogona, kuchepetsedwa mphamvu yogwira ntchito.
Kutopa kwambiri.
Zowonongeka.

Mwa azimayi atatha zaka 40, matendawa amapezeka ndi dermatologist kapena gynecologist, chifukwa matenda amtunduwu amayenda ndi kuyabwa kwa khungu komanso mavuto ena a khungu, komanso kuyabwa kumaliseche.

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga umayamba pang'onopang'ono, ndipo nthawi zambiri pakati pakupezeka kwake ndi kuzindikiridwa kwake kumakhala nthawi ya zaka ziwiri. Pankhaniyi, akapezeka, odwala amakhala ndi zovuta.

Kutengera mapangidwe, mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ungagawidwe m'magawo ena:

Mkhalidwe wa shuga. Zizindikiro zakuwonongeka kwa wodwala sizikuwonetsedwa, kuyesedwa kwa labotale kuli mkati moyenera.
Mtundu womaliza wa matenda. Zizindikiro zowopsa kulibe, mayeso a labotale sangathenso kuvumbula zonyansa. Komabe, kusintha mthupi kumadziwika kudzera pakuyesedwa komwe kumatsimikiza kulolera kwa glucose.
Mawonekedwe enieni a matenda. Mwanjira iyi, chithunzi cha chipatala chimadziwika ndi zambiri zizindikiro. Ndipo matenda a shuga a 2 amatha kuwonekedwa kudzera mu mayeso a labotale.

Kuphatikiza pa magawo, muzochitika zamankhwala, mtundu wachiwiri wa matendawa umagawika m'magulu ena, omwe amawona kukula kwa mkhalidwe wa munthu. Pali atatu okha a iwo. Ndiwofatsa, odziletsa komanso ovuta.

Ndi digiri yofatsa, kuchuluka kwa shuga mthupi la wodwalayo sikupitilira magawo 10; mkodzo, suwoneka. Wodwalayo samadandaula za thanzi labwinobwino, palibe zopatuka mthupi.

Ndi digiri yapakati, shuga mthupi umaposa chisonyezo cha magawo 10, pomwe mayeso amawonetsa kupezeka kwake mkodzo. Wodwalayo amadandaula za kusasamala komanso kufooka, kuyenda pafupipafupi kupita kuchimbudzi, pakamwa pouma. Komanso chizolowezi cha zotulutsa khungu.

Woopsa milandu, pali kusintha koyipa kwa kagayidwe kachakudya kamunthu mthupi la munthu. Shuga mthupi ndipo mkodzo umachoka, zizindikiro zimatchulidwa, pali zizindikiro za zovuta zamtumbo ndi zamkati.

Kuchepa kwa kudwala matenda ashuga kumawonjezeka kangapo.

Njira zoyesera

Anthu ambiri amafunafuna thandizo lakuchipatala osati ndi zizindikiro komanso zizindikiro za matenda ashuga, koma ndi zovuta zake. Popeza matenda a pathology sangawonetse kuchitika kwa nthawi yayitali.

Ngati mtundu wina wa matenda a shuga wakayikiridwa, dokotalayo amakupatsani njira zodziwitsira zomwe zimathandiza kutsimikizira kapena kutsutsa matendawa, kudziwa mtundu wake komanso kuuma kwake.

Vuto lodziwira matenda a m'mitsempha ndikuti sadziwika ndi zizindikiro zazikulu. Nthawi yomweyo, zizindikiro za matendawa zimatha kuchitika kwathunthu. Ndiye chifukwa chake maphunziro a labotale ndi ofunikira kwambiri kuti azitha kudziwa matenda ashuga.

Kuzindikira matenda, dokotala amafotokozera zotsatirazi:

Zitsanzo zam'mamwa zala (kuyesa kwa shuga). Kupenda kumeneku kumakupatsani mwayi wodziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'thupi la wodwalayo pamimba yopanda kanthu. Chizindikiro cha mpaka 5.5 mayeso ndichizolowezi. Ngati pali kuphwanya kulekerera, ndiye kuti mwina kuchulukitsa kapena kuchepa. Ngati zotsatira zake ndizoposa mayunitsi 6.1, kafukufuku woleketsa shuga amapatsidwa.
Kuphunzira kulekerera kwa gluyose. Kuyeza kumeneku ndikofunikira kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa matenda a carbohydrate metabolism m'thupi la wodwalayo. Kuchuluka kwa mahomoni ndi shuga kumatsimikiziridwa pamimba yopanda kanthu, komanso mutatha kudya shuga, yomwe kale imasungunuka ndi madzi (75 shuga yowuma pa 250 ml yamadzimadzi).
Kusanthula kwa glycated hemoglobin. Kudzera mu phunziroli, mutha kukhazikitsa kuchuluka kwa matenda. Mitengo yayikulu imawonetsa kuti wodwalayo ali ndi vuto losowa chitsulo kapena matenda amtundu wa 2. Ngati chizindikirocho ndichoposa 7%, matenda a shuga akupezeka.

Ndizofunikira kuti mupereke mayeso a mkodzo kuti pakhale matupi a ketone ndi shuga mkati mwake. Munthu wathanzi sayenera kukhala ndi shuga mkodzo.

Njira zowonjezera zodziwikirazi ndi monga kupenda khungu ndi miyendo yodwala, kuyendera kwa ophthalmologist, ECG.

Matenda opatsirana

Type 2 shuga mellitus siziwopseza moyo wa wodwalayo, mosiyana ndi zovuta zomwe zimapezeka mwa odwala mu 98% yazochitika zonse zamankhwala.

Matenda obwera pang'onopang'ono, pang'onopang'ono amakhudza magwiridwe antchito am'thupi ndi machitidwe amthupi, zomwe zimabweretsa zovuta zingapo pakapita nthawi.

Odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, mwayi wokhala ndi ziwonetsero za mtima umachulukana kangapo. Poterepa, kuphwanya kufalikira konsekonse kwa magazi mthupi kumapezeka, matenda oopsa akuwonekera, malekezero am'munsi amataya chidwi chawo.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, mavuto obwera otsatirawa akhoza kukhala:

Matenda a shuga a shuga a shuga, chifukwa chake makoma amitsempha yamagazi ochepa amakhudzidwa. Macroangiopathy imabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yayikulu yamagazi.
Polyneuropathy ndikuphwanya magwiridwe antchito amkati wamanjenje.
Arthropathy, yomwe imatsogolera kupweteka kwambiri kwapawiri. Popita nthawi, pali kuphwanya kwamisempha.
Zosokoneza zowoneka: mphaka, glaucoma imayamba.
Kulephera kwina.
Zosintha mu psyche, lability yamunthu wamalingaliro.

Ngati zovuta zapezeka, chithandizo chamankhwala chimalimbikitsidwa, chomwe chimalamulidwa ndi endocrinologist ndi dokotala wofunikira (ophthalmologist, cardiologist ndi ena).

Kupewa matenda a shuga

Madokotala amatha kuneneratu za matendawa kale asanachitike. Chifukwa cha "nthawi yochenjeza", malire amtundu wa nthawi amawonekera kuti akwaniritse njira zoyambirira zodzitetezera.

Ngati matenda a mtundu wachiwiri wapezeka kale, ndiye kuti zovuta za matendawa zitha kuyembekezedwa pakatha zaka 10 kapena pang'ono. Pankhaniyi, kupewa kwachiwiri ndikofunikira.

Kutengera maphunziro ambiri omwe anachitidwa popewa njira zodzitetezera, ena anena kuti:

Ngati mukukhalanso ndi moyo wachangu, kusewera masewera komanso kusuntha kwambiri, ndiye kuti izi zingachedwetse matendawo.
Ngati muphatikiza zolimbitsa thupi mokwanira ndi matenda ashuga komanso zakudya zoyenera, simungachedwe osati zamomwe zimachitika zokha, komanso zovuta zake.
Kuti muchepetse zovuta, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga mthupi, komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti pakadali pano, "matenda okoma" amatenga malo wachitatu pakati pa omwe amafa. Chifukwa chake, pazisonyezo zilizonse za matendawa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisazinyalanyaza, poganiza kuti zinthu zitha kudzikwanira tokha.

Kuphatikiza apo, simukuyenera kuyesetsa kuthana ndi vutoli nokha, kugwiritsa ntchito njira za "agogo anu" kapena njira zina, chifukwa kulakwitsa kosakhululukidwa kungawononge moyo wanu. Kanemayo munkhaniyi akufotokoza za moyo ndi matenda ashuga a 2.