Insulin ndi yapamwamba kuposa momwe zimakhalira

Kodi ndi zinthu zamtundu wanji izi - insulin, yomwe nthawi zambiri imalembedwa komanso kuyankhulidwa pokhudzana ndi matenda a shuga a mellitus? Chifukwa chiyani nthawi ina imaleka kupanga zochuluka kapena, mwanjira ina, imapangidwa mopambanitsa?

Insulin ndi chinthu chogwira ntchito m'magazi (BAS), mahomoni apuloteni omwe amayendetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Hormon iyi imapangidwa ndi maselo a beta omwe ali mu islet apparatus (islets of Langerhans) ya kapamba, yomwe imalongosola chiopsezo chotenga matenda ashuga ndikuphwanya maluso ake ogwirira ntchito. Kuphatikiza pa insulin, mahomoni ena amapangidwa mu kapamba, makamaka, hyperglycemic factor (glucagon), yopangidwa ndi maselo a alpha a pulogalamu ya islet.

Zizindikiro za chizolowezi cha insulin m'magazi (plasma, seramu) ya munthu wamkulu imakhala pamtunda kuyambira 3 mpaka 30 mcU / ml (kapena mpaka 240 pmol / l).

Mwa ana osakwana zaka 12, Zizindikiro sayenera kupitirira 10 μU / ml (kapena 69 pmol / L).

Ngakhale kwina komwe owerenga akakumana ndi zomwe zimakwaniritsidwa mpaka 20 mkU / ml, kwinakwake mpaka 25 mkU / ml - m'malo osungiramo zinthu zachilengedwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosiyana pang'ono, chifukwa chake, nthawi zonse, mukapereka magazi kuti muunikiridwe, muyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri za chidziwitso chokwanira cha ma labotale. zomwe zimapanga kafukufuku, osati pazofunikira zomwe zaperekedwa muzosankha zosiyanasiyana.

Insulin yokwera ikhoza kuwonetsa matenda onse, mwachitsanzo, kukula kwa chotupa cham'mimba (insulinoma), ndi mkhalidwe wazamoyo (pakati).

Kuchepetsa kwa insulin zitha kuwonetsa kukula kwa matenda a shuga kapena kutopa kwakuthupi chabe.

Ndemanga ndi ndemanga

Margarita Pavlovna - Feb 25, 2019 12:59 a.m.

Ndili ndi matenda a shuga a 2 - osadalira insulin. Mnzake adalangiza kuti achepetse magazi ndi DiabeNot. Ndinalamula kudzera pa intaneti. Adayamba kulandira. Ndimatsata zakudya zosasamala, m'mawa uliwonse ndidayamba kuyenda ma kilomita 2-3 ndikuyenda pansi. M'masabata awiri apitawa, ndazindikira kuchepa kwa shuga m'mamawa m'mawa asanadye chakudya cham'mawa kuyambira 9,3 mpaka 7.1, ndipo dzulo ngakhale mpaka 6.1! Ndikupitiliza njira yodzitetezera. Ndileka zolemba zabwino.

Olga Shpak - Feb 26, 2019 12:44 AM

Margarita Pavlovna, inenso ndakhala ku Diabenot tsopano. SD 2. Ndilibe nthawi yodya komanso kuyenda, koma sindimagwiritsa ntchito maswiti ndi chakudya, ndimaganiza XE, koma chifukwa cha zaka, shuga akadali wamkulu. Zotsatira zake sizabwino ngati zanu, koma kwa 7.0 shuga sizituluka sabata limodzi. Kodi mumapima shuga ndi glucometer iti? Kodi akukuwonetsani plasma kapena magazi athunthu? Ndikufuna kufananiza zotsatira ndikumwa mankhwalawo.

Insulin ndi mapuloteni okhala ndi mapuloteni yomwe imapangidwa ndi maselo apachifinya. Ntchito yake yachilengedwe ndikupanga maselo ndi minyewa yokhala ndi michere, makamaka shuga. Kupanga kwake kumagwirizana mwachindunji pamlingo wa shuga m'magazi, ndipo mu kuperewera kwenikweni kumatha kukhala funso la kukhalapo kwa matenda osokoneza bongo. Kodi insulin ndi chiyani mu magazi, zomwe zimatengera ndi momwe tingafufuzire, tikambirana zinanso.

Shuga kukhazikika kwa insulin ndipo kuyambitsa kugawanika kwake , zoyendera ndi kugaya chakudya, zimafufuzidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso a labotale.

Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kupereka magazi kuchokera m'mitsempha, chifukwa magazi a capillary sakhala olemera mu tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Asanapereke kusanthula, maphunziro apadera adzafunika, omwe amafunika kukana chakudya kwa maola 12-14 asanamwe magazi, mtendere wakuthupi komanso wamalingaliro.

Ngati simugona mokwanira, kupsinjika kapena kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, zomwe zimapezeka zitha kusiyana kwambiri ndi zenizeni.

Chifukwa chiyani kuli kofunikira kudziwa mulingo wanu wa insulin?

Kufunika kwa phunziroli kumagwira ntchito ya timadzi timeneti. Popeza glucose amawongolera, kufalitsa ndi kudziunjikira ndi chithandizo chake, chizindikiro cha manambala chimatha kupereka lingaliro la ntchito ya ziwalo ndi machitidwe awa:

• ntchito kapamba,
• chiwindi ntchito
• chiwopsezo cha minofu ya thupi ku glucose,
• chakudya kagayidwe kazakudya ndi kagayidwe kachakudya mthupi lonse.

Oscillation a insulin sangadutse popanda kusiya thupi, kumadziwonetsa mwa mawonekedwe olimba.

Cholinga chakusanthula kugona kosalekeza, kusowa kwamphamvu mphwayi ndi kamwa yowuma.

Kuperewera kwa insulin, komwe kumaphatikizapo kukula kwa matenda a shuga 1, kumafunikira kuwunikira ndi kuwazindikira.

Munthu adzafunika kuyambitsa kuyambitsa mahomoni awa mpaka ziphuphu zikabwezeretsedwa.

Funsani dokotala wanu kuti akuuzeni ngati muli ndi matenda ena

Anna Ponyaeva. Anamaliza maphunziro awo ku Nizhny Novgorod Medical Academy (2007-2014) ndi Residency in Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (2014-2016).

Ngati izi sizingatheke, ndiye kuti insulini yoyendetsera moyo ndiyo njira yokhayo kwa wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga kuti akhale ndi moyo wonse.

Ndikothekanso kuweruza kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa mavuto okhala ndi carbohydrate metabolism pokhapokha kuchuluka kwa insulin kuyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, omwe amaphunzira m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani?

Gawanani zinthu zinayi zofunika zomwe zimatha kubweretsa zotsatira zabodza:

1. Kudya nthawi yomweyo musanalandire magazi - kaphatikizidwe ka insulini kamodzikamodzi kamawonjezeka chakudya chikamalowa m'thupi. Momwemo, magazi pambuyo pa chakudya cham'mawa chopatsa thanzi azikhala ndi shuga ndi insulin, yomwe imafuna kusintha kagayidwe kazachilengedwe.
2. Kudya zakudya zamafuta, zotsekemera, zokometsera dzulo lake, komanso zakumwa zoledzeretsa zamphamvu - zikondwerero zamaphwando zimayambitsa kudya kwambiri, zomwe zimaphatikizira chiwindi ndi kapamba, kukakamira ziwalozi kugwira ntchito molakwika.
3. Kupsinjika ndi kulimbitsa thupi mwamphamvu - kutulutsidwa kwa insulin kumawonjezeka pamene thupi likumana ndi zovuta, chifukwa chake muyenera kupuma ndikugona bwino tsiku lanyengo.
4. Zolakwika zochokera ku labotale, pomwe magazi sayang'aniridwa nthawi yomweyo, koma patapita nthawi. Zinapezeka kuti zotsatira zake zimakhala zolondola ngati magazi atsopano amagwiritsidwa ntchito phunziroli. Mphindi 15 pambuyo pa mpanda, magawo ake amakanidwe, ngakhale motsogozedwa ndi anticoagulants, amachepetsa kwambiri ndipo amasiya kukhala "wamoyo".

Zinthu izi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa, chifukwa kusalowerera kwawo kumapangitsa kuti pakhale zotsimikizika zambiri.

Zizindikiro zofananira

Madzi a insulin zimatengera zizindikirozi :

• zaka
• nthawi yoyeserera magazi (kaphatikizidwe ka mahomoni amasintha tsiku lonse)
• kupezeka kwa kusintha kwa mahomoni (ndi kutha msinkhu, kutenga pakati, kusintha kwazamasamba),
• kusala magazi kapena mutatha kudya,
• kumwa mankhwala a mahomoni.

Chifukwa chake, muyenera kuganizira zikhalidwe za akazi ndi mibadwo yosiyanasiyana, poganizira zomwe zapezeka phunziroli.

Kusala kudya

Kwa ana zizindikiro zidzakhala zosiyana pang'ono poganizira mtundu wa chakudya:

• wakhanda ndi ana a chaka choyamba cha moyo - 3-15 mkU / ml,
• ana amasukulu - 4-16 mkU / ml,
• ana a zaka 7 mpaka 12 - 3-18 mkU / ml.

Chizindikiro cha insulin m'mwazi mwa achinyamata ndi 4-19 mkU / ml.

Nthawi yakutha msinkhu, pamene mphamvu ya mahomoni imasintha pang'ono, malire apansi amakwera pang'ono mpaka 5 mcU / ml.

Muyezo wa insulin m'magazi mwa amuna ndiwosiyanasiyana kuyambira 3 mpaka 23 μU / ml, ndipo ali ndi zaka 25-45, zizindikiritso sizisintha.Pambuyo pa zaka 50, pamene ntchito zolimbitsa thupi zimachepa, ndipo chakudya chokwanira chimafunidwa, malire ake ndi 6-30 μU / ml.

Mlingo wa insulin m'magazi a azimayi pamimba yopanda kanthu umasiyana msinkhu:

• Zaka 25-35 - 3-20 mkU / ml,
• Zaka 35-45 - 3-26 mkU / ml,
• Zaka 45-65 wazaka - 8-34 mkU / ml.

Pa nthawi yoyembekezera, mothandizidwa ndi kusintha kwa ma horoni, mfundo za insulin zimaloledwa kuwonjezeka mpaka 28 mcU / ml, yomwe sioyambitsa matenda ndipo imadutsa yokha itabereka.

Muzochitika kuti mkazi amamwa mankhwala a mahomoni , makamaka pakamwa pakamwa, ndikofunikira kudziwitsa wothandizira ntchito zam'mawu za izi, pambuyo pake cholembedwa china chimapangidwa mu decoding, popeza mulingo wa insulin ukhoza kuchuluka, koma osakhala matenda.

Mankhwala tikatha kudya

Kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi, komanso shuga, kumachitika pakatha maola 1.5-2 mutadya. Kuwerenga kwa chizindikirochi kumatilola kuti tiwunikire momwe kapamba amachitikira ndi kaphatikizidwe ka mahomoni. Mapeto ake amapangidwa osati kokha ndi kuchuluka kwa insulin, komanso ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga. Zizindikiro ziwirizi zimasiyana molunjika, popeza zimadalirana.

Muubwana, mtengo wololedwa kwambiri mukatha kudya ndi 19 mcU / ml. Kwa akazi, chizolowezi chomaliza chakudya chimakhala 26-28 mkU / ml. Mwa amuna, pafupifupi mtengo umakhalabe chimodzimodzi kwa akazi.

Mwa amayi apakati komanso okalamba, kuchuluka kwa insulini kumaloledwa, komwe ndi 28-35 μU / ml.

Kuti mupeze zotsatira zolondola, kusanthula nthawi zambiri kumachitika m'magawo atatu :

1. Pamimba yopanda kanthu m'maola ochepa mutadzuka.
2. Pambuyo kudya pambuyo 1.5-2 maola.
3. Pambuyo maola ena 1.5 mutatsiriza magazi.

Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muyeze kuchuluka kwa insulini m'mphamvu zazikulu, zomwe zimayenera kuchuluka pambuyo pa chakudya ndikuchepa pambuyo pa maola atatu mutatha kudya.

Mitundu Yokhala Ndi Mimba

Si chinsinsi kuti pamaso pa matenda a shuga ndi kunenepa kwambiri kovuta kwambiri kubereka mwana . Izi ndichifukwa thupi limakhala lopanikizika nthawi zonse ndipo limawerengera mwayi wobala. Ntchito yayikulu ya thupi ndikusunga ntchito zofunika, chifukwa chake kutenga pakati ndi mapaundi owonjezera mu 90% ya milandu yonse sikuchitika.

Kuti mukhale ndi mwana wathanzi, makolo onse ayenera kukhala ndi kuchuluka kwa insulini pamlingo wa 3-25 μU / ml.

Kuperewera kapena kuchuluka kwa mahoni kumakhala cholepheretsa kukhala mayi wachimwemwe.

Mlozera wa insulin

Kutsutsana ndi insulin Chizindikiro chosonyeza kuphwanya kuyankha kwa thupi ku insulin yopanga kapena yopanga . Mndandanda wotsutsa wa insulin umathandizira kuwunika momwe thupi limaperekera insulin. Pakuwerengera kwake, ndikofunikira kuyambitsa mayunitsi a 0,1 a insulin pa 1 kg ya wodwala pamitsempha, pambuyo pake mphindi 10 zilizonse kwa ola limodzi kuti azilamulira shuga. Pazifukwa izi, glucometer yosunthika imagwiritsidwa ntchito, kukulolani kuti mupange zotsatira zolondola mwachangu.

Kupatuka kuchoka pazomwe zimachitika

Zosokera ndi mfundo zilizonse zolandilidwa zomwe zimapitilira zomwe zatsimikizidwa.

Zokhotakhota zimatha kukhala zam'mwamba komanso zotsika.

Kuperewera kwa insulin, komwe kukhazikika chizindikiro pansipa 3 μU / ml , imadzetsa kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kusatheka kwa kulowa kwake m'maselo ndi minyewa. Thupi limakumana ndi vuto lalikulu la glucose, lomwe limayimiriridwa ndi zizindikiro monga:

• ludzu lalikuru ndi kupumira kwamantha kwa njala,
• kukodza pafupipafupi,
• thukuta kwambiri
• khungu lowuma,
• kugona kosalekeza komanso kuchepa kwa ntchito,
• mavuto amakumbukiro ndi kuwukira kwaukali.

Kusowa kwadongosolo la insulin kumabweretsa zotsatirapo zoyipa kwa thupi lonse.

Zida zaubongo zimakhudzidwa makamaka.Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusowa kwa mahomoni awa ndizotheka kukhala ndizakudya zazitali komanso kupititsa patsogolo kwa matenda a autoimmune, makamaka matenda a shuga.

Nthawi zina zimachitika kuti munthu akucheperachepera kapena kuchuluka thupi, pali zizindikiro zonse za matenda ashuga, koma zotsatira za kuyesa kwa glucose zimakhalabe zoperewera. Poterepa, kuyesedwa kwa insulin kukaniza ndi kulolera kwa glucose kuyenera. Izi ziwiri zikuwonetsa momwe thupi limazindikirira bwino glucose, ndikuwonetsanso zomwe zingayambitse.

Pankhaniyi, kufufuza kwathunthu kumafunikira, komwe kumaphatikizapo maphunziro a endocrine, komanso ultrasound yam'mimba.

Makhalidwe okwera zomwe zimafikira 25-30 mcU / ml . Ngati chiwerengerochi chikufika pamagawo 45, ndiye kuti munthu akufunika thandizo mwachangu.

Zomwe zimayambitsa izi ndi ma pancreatic pathologies, omwe chiwalochi chimayamba kupanga mosasinthika mahomoni.

Mawonekedwe akunja azachipatala omwe ali ndi insulin yayikulu ndi:

• kuperewera mseru limodzi ndi njala
• thukuta lozizira
• tachycardia
• kukomoka.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kudwala zingakhale matenda monga:

1. Insulinoma ndi chotupa mu kapamba yemwe amasokoneza kugwira ntchito kwa chiwalo chonse.
2. Zakudya zopanda vuto, zomwe zimatsogolera kukula kwa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2.
3. Matenda a autoimmune.
4. Polycystic ovary ndi mahomoni.

Kuchulukitsa kwa insulini kumapangitsa kuwonongeka kwampanda kwamitsempha yamagazi, kupangitsa kuti ikhale yopanda phokoso komanso yopanda phokoso.

Palinso chiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda oopsa, kunenepa kwambiri ndi oncology, kamenenso kikugogomezera kufunikira kwa kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa mahomoni awa.

Kuchita bwino kwambiri kwa insulin yokhala ndi shuga wabwinobwino kumawonetsa kuti thupi limakhala ndi neoplasms, makamaka mu kapamba, kapena pali mavuto ndi kagwiridwe ka endocrine system yonse, pomwe mahomoni ambiri sagwira ntchito moyenera.

Onerani kanema pamutuwu

Chitetezo Chachilendo

Kupanga kwa mahomoni mwachindunji kumatengera magwiridwe a endocrine system ndi kapamba makamaka.

Monga prophylaxis yamakhalidwe abwinobwino, malingaliro monga:

1. Pewani mowa ndi zinthu zina zopweteka zomwe zimakhala ndi chiwopsezo chochuluka pa kapamba ndi chiwindi.
2. Khazikitsani zakudya, ndikuzipanga kukhala zopatsa mphamvu komanso zochepa.
3. Khalani ndi moyo wokangalika, yang'anirani masewera.

Ndikofunikira kuyezetsa pachipatala chaka chilichonse, kulabadira zizindikiro za shuga.

Ngati akwezedwa, ndiye kuti zizindikiro za insulini ziyenera kupezeka. Pamaso pa kufooka, kugona, kuwonjezeka kwa mafuta m'mimba, ludzu, kuphunzira kuyenera kuchitika osanenedwa. Mitundu yambiri ya insulini, komanso yotsika kwambiri, imakhala yowopsa kwa thupi ndipo imawonetsa kukhalapo kwa kupatuka. Kuzindikira kwakukulu kumawonedwa patatha maola awiri mutatha kudya, pambuyo pake mfundozo zimayambiranso bwino. Kungodziyang'anira nokha ndikudzifufuza kwakanthawi kochepa komwe kumapewe mavuto ambiri ndi zotsatirapo zovuta zaumoyo.

Insulin ndi chinthu chamafuta chomwe ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuchepetsa shuga la magazi. Ndi vuto la kuperewera kwa mahormoni, hyperglycemia imayamba (zomwe zili m'magazi zimatuluka), pomwe kuphatikiza kwake mopitilira muyeso kumawopseza kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa shuga, kapena hypoglycemia. Ganizirani zomwe zimayenera kukhala mulingo wa insulin m'mwazi wa munthu wathanzi.

Insulin ndi chinthu chama protein chomwe chimapangidwa mu kapamba. Ntchito yopanga timadzi timeneti timadalira shuga wambiri m'magazi: ndi hyperglycemia, kuchuluka kwa insulin kumadzuka, ndi hypoglycemia imatsika.Popeza insulini imalimbikitsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa glucose ndi minofu, ikakhala yochepa, maselo athupi lonse amayamba kumva mphamvu yamphamvu, zomwe zimayambitsa kusintha kosiyanasiyana kwa distrophic mwa iwo, ndipo zinthu zakupha (ma ketones, etc.) zimalowa m'magazi. Komabe, kuwonjezereka kwa timadzi timeneti, komwe kumayambitsa vuto lalikulu la mitsempha (mpaka kukula kwa chikomokere), sikuwopsa.

Insulin ndi matenda a shuga

Ngati pazifukwa zina maselo a pancreatic amasiya kupanga insulini mokwanira, matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba amapezeka (chifukwa chake amatchedwa insulin-depact). Mu matenda, kupanga insulin kukonzekera amaperekedwa kwa wodwala mu Mlingo kuonetsetsa khola yokhazikika yokhazikika ya shuga.

Ngati mahomoni ofunsidwawa amasungidwa mokwanira, koma zimakhala kuti sizingathenso kuchitika, matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri (osagwirizana ndi insulini) amapezeka, chifukwa mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mankhwala omwe amakhudza kuperesa kwa shuga m'matumbo, komanso kaphatikizidwe ka "insulin" yolondola, komanso kumva minofu yake. Ndi kukula kwa matendawa, odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga amasinthidwanso kukalandira mankhwala a insulin, popeza kupanga kwawo kwakumachepetsa kwa timadzi ta pancreas kumachepetsa.

Kudziwitsa za insulin ndende m'magazi: zikuonetsa

Kafukufukuyu amatilola kuti tiwunikire ntchito yopanga insulin ya kapamba. Kuphatikiza apo, imagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira insulinomas (chotupa chochokera ku insulin-synthesizing pancreatic cell), komanso kuzindikira zomwe zimayambitsa machitidwe a hypoglycemic.

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga omwe amapezeka kale, kuyezetsa kwa insulin kumachitika ngati pakufunika kusankha pakusintha kwa wodwala kupita ku insulin (mwachitsanzo, pakalibe zovuta za mankhwala ochepetsa shuga). Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufukuyu akhoza kuchitika ngati gawo lowunika kwathunthu kwa odwala omwe ali ndi metabolic syndrome ndi ovary ya polycystic.

Insulin: Magazi abwinobwino

Mchitidwe wamagazi a mahomoni omwe amafunsidwa ndi 3.0 - 25.0 μU / ml, koma pokhapokha ngati wodwalayo adatsata bwino malamulo okonzekera phunziroli (kuwunikiridwa kuyenera kutengedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu, popeza glucose amamuika m'magazi atatha kudya ndipo, motero, kuchuluka kwa hypoglycemic kumawonjezeka) mahomoni). Zokhudzana ndi zomwe zimakhazikika mu gawo la anthu ophunzitsidwa mosiyanasiyana, ndiye kuti mwa akulu ndi mwa ana mfundo izi nzofanana.

Koma mwa amayi omwe ali ndi udindo, kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa insulin kumatheka. Ngati nthawi yomweyo mayi woyembekezera alibe mavuto azaumoyo ndipo ali ndi magawo ena a carbohydrate metabolism (shuga m'magazi a capillary, mayeso a kulolerana kwa glucose) mwadongosolo, izi zimawonedwa ndi madokotala monga chosiyana ndi chizolowezi.

Pansi pa insulin yabwinobwino: zoyambitsa

Kugwa kwa chidziwitso pansipa 3.0 μE / ml kungagwirizane ndi matenda otsatirawa:

• Insulin-wodwala matenda a shuga.
• Matenda a shuga osagwirizana ndi insulin.
• Hypopituitarism (ntchito ya pituitary pituitary).
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa nthawi yayitali komanso mwamphamvu.

Kuphatikiza apo, ena mwa mankhwalawa angakhudze kuchuluka kwa insulin: beta-blockers, phenobarbital, cimetidine, clofibrate, furosemide ndi ena.

Katundu wa insulin

Aliyense amadziwa kuti insulini ndi timadzi tofunikira kwambiri, koma sikuti aliyense anganene motsimikiza zomwe zimayambitsa. Tiyenera kutsimikizira kuti insulini ilibe fanizo m'thupi la munthu, chifukwa chake, kuphwanya kulikonse pakubisala kwake kumayambitsa kuphwanyidwa kwambiri m'thupi.

Hemeni ya insulin imasungidwa ndi β-cell a kapamba, omwe amapezeka kuzilumba zotchedwa Langerhans. Ma cell a β-cell amakhala ndi 70% ya chiwalocho, ndipo gawo lotsalazo limawerengeredwa ndi α- ndi δ-cell, omwe amapanga mahomoni glucagon ndi somatostatin.

Kuyambira kale izi zikuwonekeratu kuti insulin ndiyofunika bwanji pakugwira bwino ntchito kwa thupi. Hormoni iyi ndiyofunikira kupatsa mafuta, omwe ndi gwero lalikulu lamphamvu kwa anthu. Insulin yokha ndiyo ingakulitse kuchuluka kwa ma membrane am'm cell ndikuwonetsetsa kulowa kwa glucose m'maselo.

Izi zimathandizira kukhalabe ndi thanzi lamunthu labwino ndikumukhalitsa wamphamvu. Chifukwa chake, anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la insulin yopanga amakhala ndi vuto nthawi zonse chifukwa chofooka kwambiri komanso alibe chidwi. Komabe, izi ndizotalikirana ndi malo okha a insulini, mahomoni awa amakhalanso mndandanda wonse wa mikhalidwe inanso yofunika.

Ntchito ya insulin m'thupi la munthu:

1. Insulin imathandizira kuchuluka kwa ma membrane am'mimba, chifukwa chake glucose amalowa mu khungu,
2. Chimalimbikitsa kutsika kwa glucose ku pyruvic acid - gwero lalikulu lamphamvu kwa anthu,
3. Ndimangiriza mamolekyu a glucose palimodzi ndikuwasandutsa glycogen, omwe amadziunjikira m'chiwindi ndi minofu ngati mafuta osungira thupi.
4. Imachepetsa machitidwe a ma enzyme omwe amawononga mafuta ndipo motero amalepheretsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta acids ngati magwero amagetsi,
5. Amasintha kuyamwa kwa mapuloteni mwakuthandizira maselo kuyamwa ma amino acid,
6. Mothandizika ndi machulukitsidwe amtundu wokhala ndi ion ya mchere, makamaka potaziyamu, magnesium ndi phosphorous,
7. Zimaletsa mafuta acids kulowa m'magazi,
8. Zimatenga gawo mu kubwereza kwa DNA, potero kusintha kusinthika kwa minofu,
9. Imakulitsa kaphatikizidwe kazakudya zamapuloteni, kuti izi zisathe,
10. Imalimbikitsa kaphatikizidwe wamafuta acimu m'chiwindi.

Mlingo wa insulin m'magazi nthawi zonse

Mamba kapamba amatulutsa insulini kwa maola 24 onse patsiku, koma timadzi tambiri timene timasungidwa tikamadya. Izi ndichifukwa choti mukatha kudya m'magazi a shuga amunthuyo umachuluka, ndipo insulin imathandizira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga ndikuisunga munthawi yochepa.

Ngati thupi la wodwalayo lili ndi insulin yochuluka kwambiri, izi zikuwonetsa kuti maselo ake samva chidwi ndi timadzi tambiri. Insulin yayikulu kwambiri m'magazi imawonedwa mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2, komanso anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kunenepa kwambiri ndipo akudya zinthu zopweteka.

Chowonadi ndi chakuti gawo lalikulu lamafuta sililola kuti insulin ilumikizane ndi minofu ya thupi, potero imapangitsa kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi. Pankhaniyi, insulin ndende imatha kuchepetsedwa kokha ndikutaya mapaundi owonjezera ndikutsatira zakudya zamafuta ochepa.

Kuperewera kwa insulin, monga lamulo, kumakhudza anthu omwe aphwanya kapamba. Pali zifukwa zingapo zochepetsera insulini m'magazi, chachikulu chomwe chimakhala kuphedwa kwa maselo a pancreatic β. Kuphwanya koopsa kotereku kumabweretsa matenda akulu - mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga.

Chifukwa chake, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti ndi inshuwaransi yotani ya ana, achikulire ndi okalamba, komanso zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kukhala ndi insulin yayikulu kumagawo abwinobwino. Tisaiwale kuti insulini ndi mahomoni omwe amachititsa kuti shuga azikhala ndi magazi ambiri, omwe kuchuluka kwake kwa magazi kumakhala kovulaza anthu.

Mitengo ya insulin m'magulu osiyanasiyana a mibadwo:

1. Ana - kuyambira 3 mpaka 20 mced / l
2. Akazi - kuyambira 3 mpaka 25 mked / l
3. Amayi panthawi yoyembekezera - kuyambira 6 mpaka 26 mked / l
4. Amuna - kuyambira 3 mpaka 25 mked / l
5. Akuluakulu - kuyambira 6 mpaka 30 mked / l, kwa okalamba mpaka 35 mked / l.

Anthu ambiri amangophunzira za kusintha kwamankhwala a insulin akamaonetsa zizindikiro za matenda ashuga.

Koma kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mahomoniwa si kovuta kwambiri ndipo kumangoyesa mayeso owerengeka okha.

Kuyesa kwa magazi kwa insulin

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa insulin m'magulu akuluakulu ndi ana kumatha kuchitika m'njira ziwiri - pamimba yopanda kanthu komanso pambuyo ponyamula chakudya.Kuti muzindikire matenda a shuga, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mupambane mayeso onsewa, omwe amakupatsani zotsatira zolondola kwambiri komanso kupatula cholakwika chomwe chingachitike.

Mosiyana ndi kuyesa kwa shuga m'magazi komwe kumatha kuchitidwa kunyumba ndi glucometer, kuyesa kwa insulin kumachitika kokha kuchipatala. Zida zopimira insulin sizinapangidwebe, ngakhale chipangizo choyesera chotere chitha kukhala chothandiza kwambiri kwa anthu omwe amakonda shuga.

Kuthamanga mayeso a insulin.

Monga momwe dzinalo likunenera, kuyesa mayesowa ndikofunikira pamimba yopanda kanthu. Nthawi yomweyo, maola osachepera 8, ndipo opambana maola onse 12-14, akuyenera kutha pakati pa chakudya chomaliza ndi zitsanzo zamagazi. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tichite kafukufukuyu m'mawa mutagona usiku, zomwe zingapangitse wodwalayo kupirira mosavuta kukana chakudya.

Kuyankhula zomwe muyenera kuchita kuti muyesedwe bwino ndi insulin, kufunikira kwake ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti muzindikire matenda a shuga, ndikofunikira kutchula kufunikira kwa kudya. Chifukwa chake, maola 24 musanazindikire, muyenera kusiyitsa zakudya zanu zakudya zamafuta onse ndi shuga, komanso musamwe mowa.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuti tithe kudziwa molondola zomwe zili ndi insulin m'magazi, kulimbitsa thupi mwamphamvu komanso zochitika zam'maganizo, kuphatikizapo zabwino, ziyenera kupewedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kusiya kusuta ndudu kwakanthawi.

M'mawa mutatsala phunziroli, saloledwa kudya kapena kumwa zakumwa zilizonse kupatula madzi oyera opanda mpweya. Magazi kuti athe kuwunika pa mulingo wa insulin amatengedwa kuchokera kumunwe, koma nthawi zina, njira yofulumira ya venous imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita mayesowa.

Nthawi zambiri ndi mtundu wamtunduwu wodziwitsa, endocrinologists amalimbikitsa kuti wodwalayo apimidwe ndikuwunika kwa kapamba. Izi zikuwonetsa kutupa kwakukulu ndi ziwalo zowonongeka, zomwe zidatsogolera kuimfa ya β-cell.

Zotsatira zitha kutsika kuposa zomwe zili pamwambapa. Izi ndizabwinobwino, chifukwa posala kudya kwa maola 8, index ya insulin imachepa ndipo imayambira ku 1.9 mpaka 23 mked / l. Mwa ana, insulini nthawi zambiri pamimba yopanda kanthu ili pamlingo wa 2 mpaka 20 mcd / L. Mwa azimayi omwe ali ndiudindo, chizindikiro ichi chimakhala chokwera kwambiri ndipo chikufanana ndi 6-27 mked / l.

Kusanthula ndi glucose katundu.

Kukonzekera mayeserowa kumatsatiranso njira yofananira ndi kafukufuku wakale. Izi zikutanthauza kuti musanayesere kulolera glucose, ndizoletsedwa kudya chakudya osachepera maola 8. Muyeneranso kutsatira zina zofunika kuchita zomwe zatchulidwazi.

Poyesedwa, wodwalayo amapatsidwa njira ya shuga ya 75 ml ya akulu ndi 50 ml ya ana aang'ono. Kenako amayembekeza maola awiri ndipo atatulutsa magazi a insulin amatengedwa kuti akawunike. Poyesa kuchuluka kwa insulin, wodwalayo ayenera kukhala wodekha kotheratu - osadandaula komanso asamachite masewera olimbitsa thupi, chifukwa izi zimakhudza kwambiri zotsatira za kusanthula.

Mokulira, kuchuluka kwa insulin pambuyo pakulanda kwa glucose kuyenera kukhala kuyambira 13 mpaka 15 mked / l kwa akuluakulu, kuyambira 16 mpaka 17 mked / l kwa amayi apakati komanso kwa ana a insulin 10 mpaka 11 mked / l.

Koma ngati zotsatira za kusanthula zili zocheperapo kapena zapamwamba, koma nthawi yomweyo osapitirira malire abwinobwino mwa munthu wathanzi, ndiye kuti zotere ziyenera kuonedwa ngati zowopsa.

Zizindikiro za insulin yayikulu komanso yotsika

Zizindikiro zomwe zimapezeka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi insulin yayikulu komanso yotsika ndizofanana kwambiri. Monga momwe mukudziwira, mtundu woyamba wa 2 ndi matenda 2 amayamba m'chithunzithunzi chomwechi, ngakhale ali ndi zifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Ndi matenda awa, wodwalayo amadwala kwambiri, koma zizindikilo zake zoyambirira mwina sizingaoneke kwambiri.

Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti matenda ashuga ndi matenda omwe ayenera kupezeka mwachangu, osadikirira kuti pakhale zovuta zowopsa.Zachidziwikire, zizindikiro zake zazikulu ndizosowa ndikuwonjezera kwa insulini, komanso shuga wambiri wamthupi, chifukwa timadzi timeneti timayambitsa matenda a shuga.

Koma mutha kuyang'ana zomwe zili mu insulin m'magazi okha. Chifukwa chake, zizindikiro zina zomwe zikuwonetsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga ziyenera kukumbukiridwa. Izi zikuphatikiza izi:

• Ludzu lalikulu
• Kukodza kwambiri,
• Kuchepetsa thupi mwadzidzidzi
• Kuchulukitsa chilakolako
• Kuuma ndi kusenda khungu
• Kuchulukirachulukira
• Kutopa kwambiri
• Mwendo kukokana
• Dzanzi ndi kumva kunjenjemera miyendo,
• Kuchepetsa bala
• Chimfine pafupipafupi
• Cystitis, urethritis ndi candidiasis mwa akazi,
• Kuchepa kochepa mwa amuna,
• Kuchepetsa tsitsi
• Kuwonongeka kwa shuga,
• Matendawa, ma caries,
• Khungu loyenda, pafupipafupi dermatitis.

Kukhalapo kwa zizindikirozi mwa anthu kumatha kuwonetsa kuphwanya kwakukulu mu kapamba ndi kuphwanya kwa insulin. Vutoli limafunika chisamaliro chamankhwala.

Momwe mungakulitsire ndi kutsika insulin

Podziwa zomwe ziyenera kukhala za insulin, odwala ambiri amafunsa kuti: kukweza kapena kutsitsa insulini m'magazi? Izi zitha kuchitika kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apadera omwe amathandiza kulimbana ndi matenda ashuga.

Kotero mankhwala ochepetsa shuga amathandizanso kuchepetsa kubisalira kwa insulin ya mahomoni ndikuchepetsa kuyika kwake mthupi ndi matenda a shuga a 2. Mankhwala omwe amachepetsa insulini ayenera kumwedwa tsiku lililonse, zomwe zimachepetsa katundu pa kapamba ndikuletsa kufooka kwake.

Koma ndikofunikira kusankha mankhwala omwe amachititsa chidwi cha minyewa kupita ku insulin ndipo potero amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga. Palibe chifukwa muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe zotsatira zake zimachulukitsa kupanga insulin.

Amathandizira pokhapokha poyambira matendawa, ndipo akamagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali amadzaza kapamba ndikukulitsa kuchuluka kwa insulin mthupi kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, pakupita nthawi, amatha kupititsanso matenda a shuga.

Ndizosatheka kuyankha funso loti tingachepetse kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi osanenapo kufunika kotsatira machitidwe azakudya zamtunduwu. Pogwiritsa ntchito zakudya zochepa zama calorie komanso zakudya zotsika mtengo, wodwalayo amasintha kapamba ndi ndewu yolemera kwambiri - zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga a 2.

Chotsani insulin yochepa mu mtundu 1 wa shuga mwa kubayitsa insulin. Amagwiranso ntchito monga insulin, yomwe imasungidwa m'thupi la munthu ndikuthandizira kuti shuga azikhala bwino.

Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti mankhwalawa sakhala operewera kapena opanda tanthauzo, chifukwa izi zitha kukhala zowopsa pamoyo wa munthu wodwala matenda ashuga. Kukonzekera kwa insulin kumagawidwa nthawi yayitali komanso yochepa, yapakati komanso yotalika. Onsewa ndi mankhwala ofunikira kwambiri kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, okhudza mkhalidwe wake ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo wake.

Pankhani ya shuga wodalira insulin, zakudya zokha zokhala ndi index yotsika ya glycemic ziyenera kudyedwa. Zogulitsa zotere sizikhala zovulaza ngakhale kwa wodwala yemwe amatulutsa insulini yochepa kwambiri. Komanso, mukamadya chakudya, sikwapatsa mphamvu kusintha mafuta omwe amapezeka muzakudya.

Mfundo zoyenera kuchita komanso kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi akufotokozedwa mu kanema m'nkhaniyi.

Udindo waukulu wa mahomoni ndi hypoglycemic.

Zochita za insulin mthupi la munthu (osati munthu yekha, pankhani iyi, zolengedwa zonse zomwe zimafanana) zimachita nawo gawo la metabolic:

• Hormoni iyi imathandizira kuti shuga omwe amapezeka ndi chakudya azilowa momasuka m'maselo a minofu ndi minofu yamafuta, ndikukulitsa kupezekanso kwa nembanemba yawo:
• Ndimalimbikitsa kupanga glucogen kuchokera ku shuga m'magazi a minyewa ndi minofu:
• Insulin imathandizira kuti mapuloteni azikhala ochulukirapo, achulukitse kapangidwe kake ndikuletsa kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zamafuta (zimathandizira minofu ya adipose kuti igwire glucose ndikusintha kukhala mafuta (apa ndi pomwe mafuta ochulukirapo amachokera ndi chifukwa chake kukonda kwambiri mafuta owonjezera kumabweretsa kunenepa kwambiri)
• Kuonjezera ntchito ya ma enzymes omwe amathandizira kutsika kwa shuga (glucose)anabolic zotsatira), timadzi timeneti timasokoneza ntchito za ma enzymes ena omwe amafuna kupwanya mafuta ndi glycogen (anti-catabolic zotsatira za insulin).

Insulin ili paliponse komanso kulikonse, imatenga nawo mbali machitidwe onse a metabolic omwe amapezeka m'thupi la munthu, koma cholinga chachikulu cha chinthu ichi ndikupereka kagayidwe kazakudya, popeza ndiye mahomoni okhawo a hypoglycemic, pomwe "otsutsana nawo", mahomoni a hyperglycemic omwe akufuna kuwonjezera magazi, ndiwofunikira kwambiri (adrenaline, mahomoni okula, glucagon).

Choyamba, kamangidwe ka insulin ndi ma β-cell a islets a Langerhans amayambitsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'magazi, koma izi zisanachitike, timadzi timene timayamba kupanga munthu akangotafuna chidutswa cha chinthu china chomeza ndikumupereka m'mimba (ndipo sizofunikira konse) chakudyacho chinali chakudya). Mwanjira imeneyi chakudya (chilichonse) chimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi, ndipo njala yopanda chakudya, m'malo mwake, imachepetsa zomwe zili.

Kuphatikiza apo, mahomoni ena, kuchuluka kwazinthu zina za zinthu m'magazi, monga potaziyamu ndi calcium, komanso kuchuluka kwamafuta acids, kumapangitsa mapangidwe a insulin. Kukula kwa mahomoni somatotropin (STH) kumalepheretsa kupanga kwa insulin kwambiri. Ma mahomoni ena amachepetsa kupanga insulini mpaka pamlingo wina, mwachitsanzo, somatostatin, wopangidwa ndi maselo a delta a islet zida za kapamba, koma zotsatira zake zilibe mphamvu ya somatotropin.

Ndizachidziwikire kuti kusinthasintha pamlingo wa insulin m'magazi kumadalira kusintha kwa glucose zomwe zimachitika m'thupi, chifukwa chake zikuwonekeratu chifukwa chake, pakupenda insulin ndi njira zasayansi, nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumatsimikizika (kuyezetsa magazi kwa shuga).

Kupanga Matenda a shuga

Insulin imakhudza njira zonse za metabolic, koma ntchito yake yayikulu ndikukhazikitsidwa kwa kagayidwe kazakudya, kukonza glucose m'mitsempha yamagazi. Chifukwa cha insulin, glucose yochokera m'magazi imabwezedwanso ku minofu ndi minyewa ina, pomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito, kupatsa mphamvu thupi, kapena kusungidwa ngati glycogen.

Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa insulin mwa anthu akuluakulu ndi chizindikiro cha matenda osachiritsika mu kagayidwe kazakudya. Awa mwina kuyamba kapena kulosera kwa izi. Chifukwa cha kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kudya kwambiri kwa carb, kusowa kwa mavitamini ndi fiber, kunenepa kwambiri kumayamba kukula - kuchepa kwa chidwi cha maselo amthupi kupita ku insulin. Minofu yathu sifunikira mphamvu zochuluka monga momwe imakhalira, ndipo glucose imayamba kudzikundikira m'matumba. Ngati muchepetsa kudya zakudya zamafuta ochulukirapo ndikuwonjezera zochitika panthawiyi, matenda a shuga angathe kupewedwa.

Matenda a shuga ndi kupsinjika kudzakhala chinthu chakale

Matenda a shuga ndi omwe amayambitsa pafupifupi 80% yonse yamikwingwirima ndi kuduladula. Anthu 7 mwa anthu 10 amafa chifukwa cha mitsempha ya mtima kapena ubongo. Pafupifupi nthawi zonse, chifukwa chomaliza chomaliza ndi chimodzimodzi - shuga wamwazi.

Shuga akhoza ndipo amayenera kugwetsedwa, apo ayi. Koma izi sizichiritsa matendawa, koma zimangothandiza kulimbana ndi kufufuza, osati zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa.

Mankhwala okhawo omwe amavomerezeka pamankhwala othandizira odwala matenda ashuga komanso amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma endocrinologists pantchito yawo ndi awa.

Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa mankhwalawa, kuwerengera malinga ndi njira yokhazikika (kuchuluka kwa odwala omwe achiwonjezere kuchuluka kwa odwala omwe ali pagulu la anthu 100 omwe adachitiridwa chithandizo):

• Matenda a shuga - 95%
• Kuthetsa kwa mitsempha thrombosis - 70%
• Kuthetsa kwa kugunda kwamtima kwamphamvu - 90%
• Kuthana ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi - 92%
• Kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu masana, kukonza kugona usiku - 97%

Opanga si bungwe lazamalonda ndipo amalipidwa ndi chithandizo cha boma. Chifukwa chake, tsopano wokhala aliyense ali ndi mwayi.

Kuwonjezeka kwamankhwala a insulin ndi kuyesa kwa thupi kuthana ndi insulin. Amawonedwa pagawo komanso zaka zoyambirira za matenda ashuga. Monga lamulo, pa gawo lino shuga akhoza kukhalabe yabwinobwino kapena kupitirira apo. Pakupita kwa zaka, kapamba amatopa kugwira ntchito mwadzidzidzi, insulini imachepa, kenako imagwera pansi. Pofika pano, wodwalayo ali ndi shuga wambiri, kuti abwezeretse mwanjira yovomerezeka, njira zamankhwala kapena chakudya chofunikira.

Kutsika kwa insulin mwa ana ndi achinyamata nthawi zambiri chizindikiro. Zimayambitsidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa maselo a pancreatic omwe amatulutsa timadzi timeneti. Kuphwanya kumeneku sikugwirizana ndi njira ya moyo, chomwe chimayambitsa kusowa kwa insulin mu mtundu uwu wa shuga ndi njira za autoimmune. Insulin itangotsala pang'onopang'ono, wodwalayo amafunika chithandizo chamankhwala - jakisoni wa insulin.

Mitengo ya insulin

M'mabotolo, mitengo ya insulin ndi yosiyana kwambiri. Izi ndichifukwa cha njira zingapo pakutsimikiza kwake, pogwiritsa ntchito ma reagents osiyanasiyana opanga. Mu ma labotore omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira yogwiritsira ntchito immunochemical, mwa akulu, 2.7-10.4 μU / ml nthawi zambiri imawoneka yabwinobwino. Zoyenera: kusanthula kunachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu, kulemera kwa wodwala kumakhala kwabwinobwino kapena pang'ono kuposa (mpaka BMI 30).

Mukalandira zotsatira za kusanthula, mfundo zoyenera za labotale inayake zimaperekedwa pagawo la tebulo "Zofunikira". Kuwunikiranso mobwerezabwereza kumachitika bwino pamalo amodzi kapena njira yomweyo.

Zotsatira kuchokera kuma labotale osiyanasiyana sizingatheke kudziwa ngati insulini yanu yachuluka kapena yachepa.

Zikhalidwe za amuna

Mwa amuna, kuchuluka kwa insulini ndikokhazikika kuposa azimayi. Zizindikiro zimangotengera kulemera ndi ukalamba:

1. Mukamakula, thupi limafunikira kwambiri insulini. Kuphatikiza apo, minofu ya adipose yowonjezera imayambitsa kutsika kwa kuchuluka kwa insulin receptors, chifukwa chake chidwi cha mahomoni chimachepa.
2. Kukaniza insulin kumayamba ndi zaka. Kutumizira kagayidwe kazakudya kumafuna insulin yochulukirapo, shuga ya m'magazi imakwera pang'ono poyerekeza ndi unyamata.

Malingaliro omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse amuna amaperekedwa patebulo:

Malingaliro achikazi

Mwa akazi, kuchuluka kwa insulin kumadaliranso zaka komanso kulemera. Zowonjezera zomwe zimapangitsa kuti insulin iwonjezeke ndi kulumpha kwa mahormone pakapita nthawi yayitali, kugwiritsa ntchito njira yolerera yolerera pakamwa.

Khalidwe Lodwala	Mulingo wa insulin m'mwazi wa mkazi, μU / ml
	mphindi	max
Atsikana achichepere olemera	2,7	10,4
1 trimester ya mimba	2,7	10,4
2-3 trimester	6	27
Akazi olemera kwambiri	2,7	24,9
Amayi kuyambira wazaka 60	6	36

M'milungu yoyamba ya kubereka, kufunika kwa insulin kumachepetsedwa pang'ono, kotero kuti kutulutsidwa kwake m'magazi kungachepe. Kuyambira kuyambira pa 2nd trimester, nthawi imodzi ndi kukula kwa mahomoni ena, kaphatikizidwe ka insulin iyenera kukulanso. Ngati kapamba angalimbane ndi ntchitoyo, shuga amakhalanso abwinobwino. Ngati kupanga kwa insulin kwakukulu kumakhala kosatheka, mkaziyo amakula. Mu 3 trimester, kukana insulini kumakula ndi 50%, kupanga insulini - pafupifupi katatu. Pambuyo pobadwa, kufunika kwa insulini kumatsika kwambiri, kupanga kwake kumachepa, matenda osokoneza bongo amatha.

Mitundu ya ana

Zochita mu ana nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazikulupo kuposa akulu. Ngakhale kulemera kwawo kochepa, amafunika mphamvu zambiri. Ophunzira achichepere amafunika mpaka 2600 kcal patsiku, zomwe ndizofanana ndi kufunikira kwa akuluakulu. Chifukwa chake, chizolowezi cha insulin muubwana ndi wamkulu: 2.7-10.4.Mwa achinyamata, kukana insulini ndikwambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mahomoni, insulin yambiri imapangidwa. Malingaliro a insulini m'magazi mu achinyamata amakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa 2.7-25 μU / ml.

Ngati mwana ali ndi kulemera kwabwinobwino ndipo samakhala ndi zizindikiro za hypoglycemia, kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa insulini pamwamba pa zisonyezo sizoyambitsa nkhawa. Mwambiri, amayamba chifukwa cha kukula ndi kusasitsa.

Mitundu ya kusanthula

Kuti muzindikire zomwe zili ndi insulin m'matumba, muyenera kudutsa kuwunika kwa "Immunoreactive insulin." Zisonyezo pazolinga za kusanthula ndi:

Doctor of Medical Science, Mutu wa Institute of Diabetesology - Tatyana Yakovleva

Ndakhala ndikuphunzira matenda a shuga kwa zaka zambiri. Zimakhala zowopsa anthu ambiri akamwalira, ndipo makamaka amakhala olumala chifukwa cha matenda ashuga.

Ndithamangira kunena mbiri yabwino - Endocrinological Research Center ya Russian Academy of Medical Sayansi yakwanitsa kupanga mankhwala omwe amachiritsa odwala matenda ashuga mellitus. Pakadali pano, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa mankhwalawa kuyandikira 98%.

Nkhani ina yabwino: Unduna wa Zaumoyo wapanga kukhazikitsidwa komwe kumavomerezana ndi kukwera mtengo kwa mankhwalawa. Ku Russia, odwala matenda ashuga mpaka February 26 nditha kuipeza - Kwa ma ruble 147 okha!

1. Kukayikira kwa chotupa chokhala ndi maselo a pancreatic beta. Pankhaniyi, insulini ikhoza kukhala yokwera kakhumi kuposa momwe imakhalira.
2. Kuwunika kwa opaleshoni mankhwala a zotupa zotere.
3. Kuzindikira zomwe zimayambitsa hypoglycemia.
4. Kuwunika kwa pancreatic ntchito mtundu 2 shuga. Mwazokayikira, kusanthula kumathetsa nkhani yopereka jakisoni wa insulin kapena mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsa kapangidwe ka mahomoni ake.
5. Mu shuga wofatsa wambiri komanso prediabetes, kafukufuku atha kutumizidwa kuti athe kuyesa insulin. Mwanjira iyi, imaperekedwa nthawi yomweyo ndi shuga wamagazi (HOMA-IR test).

Pankhani ya shuga wodalira insulin, kuyezetsa kwa insulin sikumagwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa insulin ya insulin sitha kusiyanitsidwa ndi njira zolembetsera kunja. Kuyesa ntchito za kapamba, kafukufukuyu amagwiritsidwa ntchito "".

Kusala insulin

Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa insulin kumatsimikiziridwa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Malamulo okonzekera kusanthula:

1. Kuthamanga kwa ora la 8-14 musanapereke magazi. Mkhalidwe wa insulin mukatha kudya ndiwokwera kwambiri (mpaka 173), chifukwa chake, kulephera kutsatira izi kungapangitse kuti musokonezeke kwambiri chifukwa chake, ndikuwazindikira koyipa.
2. Ngati ndi kotheka, kuthetsedwera kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi zakudya zowonjezera kwa maola 24.
3. Kusiyidwa kwa zakudya zochuluka kwambiri zamafuta ndi mowa patsiku lisanathe kusuta.
4. Kutseka kwa maphunziro ndi zina zolimbitsa thupi patsiku loti lisinthe.
5. Popewa kupsinjika kwa m'maganizo m'mawa komanso m'mawa maphunziro asanafike.

Kupanikizika insulin

Kusanthula uku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri pakakhala koyenera kuti ayang'anire mayankho a kapamba kuti asinthe shuga. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika nthawi yomweyo. Gawo 1, shuga ndi insulin amayesedwa mwachangu. Kenako kapamba "amadzaza" ndi shuga (nthawi zambiri njira yake imaperekedwera kumwa). Kuchita mwachizolowezi pamtolo woterewu ndi kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi ndipo, ndikuchedwa pang'ono, kuwonjezereka kwa insulin, kenako kutsika pang'onopang'ono kuzisonyezo zonse ziwiri. Pambuyo 2 maola, shuga ayenera kukhala 11.1, insulini - mpaka 79. Onetsetsani kuti mwapeza zolemba zanu za inshuwaransi posindikiza zotsatira, zimasiyana.

Zotsatira zoyipa za insulin

Ngati insulin ikwezedwa, zovuta zimakhudza machitidwe onse amthupi:

1. Malangizo a glucose amakhala spasmodic: poyamba mulingo wake umakhala wokwera kwambiri, koma kutulutsidwa kwa insulin kumachepa kwambiri. Munthu amamva hypoglycemia wofatsa: mantha, njala, kulakalaka maswiti. Zakudya zamafuta ochulukitsa zimangokhala zokha, wodwalayo ndi gawo limodzi loyandikira shuga.
2. Insulin yayikulu imalimbikitsa kapangidwe ka mafuta, imalepheretsa kusweka kwawo. Munthu akuchulukirachulukira.
3. Pamodzi ndi kukula kwa minofu yamafuta, lipids yamagazi imakulanso. Minofu ya adipose yomwe ili m'mimba mwa m'mimba imakhala yowopsa kwambiri: triglycerides kuchokera m'matumbo imalowa m'magazi mwachangu.
4. Mu chiwindi, cholesterol synthesis imachulukirachulukira, chiopsezo cha atherosulinosis chikukula.
5. Insulin yochulukirapo imakhudza zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa magazi, zomwe zimaphatikizana ndi atherosulinosis zimasokoneza thrombosis.
6. Kutalika kwa insulin kwambiri kumawonjezera mamvekedwe a mitsempha, kumakhala ndi mitsempha yamagazi, yomwe imayambitsa kuchuluka kwa magazi.

Momwe mungasinthire insulin

Kukula kwa insulin ndi gawo limodzi mwazinthu zovuta kupanga zamatenda a metabolic. Zosintha mu metabolism zimadziunjikira, munthu amakhala mozungulira woipa: kulemera - kukula kwa insulini - kulakalaka kwambiri - kupanga mafuta atsopano. Ndizotheka kuthana ndi izi pokhapokha pakusintha kwamakadinala munjira ya moyo.

Choyamba, zakudya zopatsa mphamvu zopatsa mphamvu zamafuta zimalembedwa. Aliyense ali oletsedwa kwambiri, chifukwa ndi omwe amachititsa kwambiri insulin. Kuchuluka kwa zovuta za chakudya zamagulu mu menyu ndizochepa 20-25% ya kuchuluka kwa michere yonse. Popewa matenda a atherosulinosis, mafuta amanyama amachotsedwa muzakudya.

Kubwezeretsa minofu ya m'magazi, muyenera kuwonjezera katundu pa iwo. Zochita zamtundu uliwonse ndizothandiza. Maphunziro a Cardio ndi ovomerezeka kwakanthawi: kupopera shuga kumachulukitsidwa ndi masiku awiri, motero amawaika mu ndandanda yophunzitsidwa katatu pa sabata. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumalimbikitsa kukula kwa minofu - wogula wamkulu wa shuga. Njira yabwino yodziwira matenda a shuga ndikusinthana kwa mitundu yonse iwiri ya katundu.

Onetsetsani kuti mwaphunzira! Kodi mukuganiza kuti kuyamwa kwa mapiritsi ndi insulini kwa nthawi yonse yokhayo ndi njira yokhayo yothanirana ndi shuga? Sichowona! Mutha kutsimikizira izi nokha ndikuyamba kuzigwiritsa ntchito.

Chifukwa chiyani?

Insulin ndi mahomoni a protein. Imagwira gawo lalikulu mthupi la munthu. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuyendetsa zinthu zomwe zimadyetsa khungu. Insulin imapereka chakudya chokwanira m'thupi la munthu.

Kupanga kwa timadzi timeneti kumachitika m'zinthu zina. Mwachitsanzo, munthu akamadya, msinkhu wake udzakhala wokwezeka kwambiri kuposa pambuyo poti wasiya kudya.

Bwanji mukuyesa mayeso a insulin? Amawonetsa chiyani?

Insulin imapangidwa ndi kapamba ndipo imakhala ndi mapuloteni. Kuchuluka kwake kumatengera kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi a munthu. Kuchuluka kwa insulini kumawonetsa kutsogolo kwa thupi ku matenda ashuga. Kuzindikiritsa zopatuka kuzikhalidwe zomwe zikuwoneka kuti zikuyenera kuchitidwa kuti chitetezo chikhale chathanzi.

Matenda a shuga amayesedwa ngati matenda oopsa. Ngati thupi la munthu lidwala matendawa, ndiye kuti izi sizingatheke kulowa m'thupi. Chifukwa choti sichilowa mulingo woyenera, kulibe magetsi, omwe amafunikira moyo wabwinobwino. Pankhani imeneyi, pakhoza kukhala kutayika mu ziwalo ndi machitidwe a wodwala.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuyesa kwa insulin kukuwonetsa mtundu wanji wa matenda a shuga omwe amapezeka m'thupi la munthu. M'malo pamene kapamba amasiya kupanga insulin mokwanira, izi zikutanthauza kuti mtundu 1 wa shuga ukupezeka.

Muyenera kudziwa kuti wodwalayo amamuona ngati wodalira insulini ngati kuchuluka kwa mahomoni omwe amapanga sikupitirira makumi awiri pa zana.

Palinso mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga. Ndi iyo, insulin imapangidwa moyenera. Koma samatengekedwa ndi maselo amthupi. Matendawa amatchedwa shuga omwe amadalira insulin.

Mavuto a matendawa

Chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa shuga m'thupi, zovuta zotsatirazi zitha kuchitika mthupi la munthu:

1. Matenda a mtima.
2. Retinopathy, yomwe pambuyo pake ingayambitse kudwalitsa kwathunthu kwa wodwalayo.
3. Polyneuropathy.
4. Kulephera kwina.
5. Kusintha kwa ma trophic monga gangrene.

Zoyenera kuchita ndi munthuyu? Njira zotheka

Chofunikira ndikuwazindikira kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi a anthu. Ngati mungapeze izi kumayambiriro, njira zoterezi zikuthandizira kupewa matendawa:

1. Kutsatira ndi zakudya zapadera. Dokotala wanu adzakulemberani, kutengera mawonekedwe a thupi lanu (tsankho la chinthu, zina).
2. Zochita zolimbitsa thupi.

Ngati mutsatira zakudya zapadera ndikuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, mutha kuthana ndi matenda ashuga ndikubweretsanso kagayidwe kazakudya. Kutsindika kuyenera kukhala kuti izi zitha kuchitika popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala aliwonse.

Ndi zizindikilo ziti zomwe zikuonetsa kuti ndikofunikira kuwunikira? Ndiyenera kuyang'ana chiyani?

Nthawi zambiri, kuyezedwa kwa insulin kumatsimikiziridwa kuti kutsimikizire kapena kukana kuzindikira matenda ashuga. Komanso, chifukwa chodzipereka ndi kupezeka kapena kukayikira kwa matenda a endocrine. Iwo omwe amayang'anira zaumoyo ayenera kuyang'anira zotsatirazi zomwe zikuwoneka m'thupi la munthu:

1. Kusintha kwa kulemera, mmwamba ndi pansi. Ichi ndichizindikiro chododometsa ngati palibe kusintha kwa zakudya komanso kusuntha komwe kumachitika m'moyo wamunthu. Ndiye kuti, ngati munthu amasuntha ndikudya mgonero womwewo tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo thupi lake limasintha, izi zikutanthauza kuti vuto linalake lachitika m'thupi. Kuti muzindikire izi, ndikofunikira kuchita kafukufuku.
2. Kufooka, kuchepa kwa ntchito yogwiritsanso ntchito ndi chizindikiro cha kusokonezeka kwa njira zilizonse. Kuti mudziwe zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli, muyenera kulumikizana ndi a chipatala kuti mumupime mayeso ofunika komanso kupititsa mayeso, kuphatikizapo insulin.
3. Chizindikiro china cha kuphwanya kupanga mahomoni omwe ali pamwambawa ndicho kuchiritsa kwa mabala kwa nthawi yayitali. Mwachitsanzo, mabala kapena ma abrasions amatenga nthawi yayitali kutuluka magazi komanso kutulutsa magazi. Chizindikirochi chikuwonetsanso kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka magazi a munthu.

Kodi kusanthula kumachitika bwanji? Zosankha Phunziro Kufotokozera

Chiyeso cha insulin chitha kuchitika m'njira ziwiri:

1. Njira yoyamba yodutsira kusanthula kwamtunduwu imatchedwa yanjala. Zimakhala m'chenicheni kuti kufunafuna kwakuthupi kumachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu. Mukamaliza kusanthula motere, chakudya chatha, maola 8 ayenera kudutsa. Pankhaniyi, kuperekera kusanthula kwakonzedwa m'maola.
2. Njira yachiwiri yodziwira tsogolo la munthu kudzera mu shuga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito shuga. Wodwalayo amamwa kuchuluka kwake, amadikirira maola awiri kenako ndikupereka magazi.

Pali njira inanso yoyeserera magazi kuti mupeze insulin. Muli kuphatikiza njira ziwiri. Njira iyi ndi yolondola kwambiri. Choyamba, munthu amayesa magazi a insulin pamimba yopanda kanthu, kenako kudya shuga, pambuyo pake amadikirira maola angapo ndikuperekanso magazi. Njira iyi imakuthandizani kuti muwone chithunzi cha zomwe zikuchitika m'thupi mokwanira. Komabe, pakuyezetsa matenda, ndikokwanira kupereka magazi m'mawa wokha, pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Kukonzekera phunzirolo. Kodi tiyenera kuchitanji tisanapendeketse? Madokotala malangizo

Tsopano mukudziwa kuyesa kwa insulin, momwe mungatengere. Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane momwe kukonzekera bwino. Izi ndizofunikira kuti zotsatira zake zitheke.

1. Asanapereke magazi pamimba yopanda kanthu, kudziletsa pazakudya kuyenera kuchitika kwa maola asanu ndi atatu. Pakadali pano, simungathe kudya ndi kumwa zakumwa. Madzi oyera okha ndi omwe amatha kuthiridwa.
2. Simungathe kuyeseza ngati wodwala adwala, ndiye kuti amamwa mankhwala. Chowonadi ndi chakuti amatha kusintha zotsatira zake. Mwazi wa insulini uyenera kuperekedwako chithandizo chisanachitike, kapena masiku asanu ndi awiri atamalizidwa.Wodwala amafunikiranso kudziwitsa dokotala kuti akupeza chithandizo, kapena atasiya kumwa ndalamazo. Ngati mankhwalawa atatha, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti insulini ndi yofunika kwambiri pakukonzekera mankhwalawa, ndikofunikira kugwirizanitsa ndi adotolo kuti athe kusokoneza kudya kwa mankhwalawa kuti azitha kupanga magazi.
3. Maola 24 asanafike phunziroli, muyenera kutsatira zakudya zinazake, zomwe ndi, kukana kudya zamafuta ndi kumwa mowa. Komanso, simuyenera kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
4. Ngati mukuwonjezera magazi, wodwalayo amakupatsani mayeso monga ultrasound kapena X-ray, ndiye kuti muyenera kupititsa kaye zomwe mwayesedwa, kenako nkumapita kukapereka njira zina.

Kuyesa kwa insulin (kuyezetsa magazi): kusanthula kwazonse, kolemba

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi a anthu kumatha kusinthasintha malinga ndi kudya. Chifukwa chake, pofuna kulondola pamimba yopanda kanthu, kuyesa kwa insulin kumachitika.

Chikhalidwe cha kukhalapo kwa chinthuchi m'magazi a anthu ndi 1.9-23 μm / ml. Izi ndi za munthu wamkulu. Chizolowezi mwa ana ndichofunikira kuyambira pa 20 mpaka 20 ma microns / ml. Kwa amayi oyembekezera, pali zizindikiro. Kwa iwo, chizolowezi chimachokera pa sikisi mpaka 27 μm / ml.

Zizindikiro zamakhalidwe a insulin m'magazi. Kodi zimatanthawuza chiyani ngati timadzi timeneti tili ochulukirapo kapena mochepera?

M'malo momwe insulin m'magazi a anthu ilipo m'munsi kwambiri, izi zikuwonetsa kuti mtundu woyamba wa shuga ulipo m'thupi. Mosiyana, ndi mtengo wowonjezereka, titha kulankhula za kukhalapo kwa matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira insulin.

Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti amayi apakati amakhala ndi zizindikiro zina zamtundu wake, phindu lawo limachulukira.

Pomaliza pang'ono

Tsopano mukudziwa kuyesedwa kwa insulin. Kutanthauzira kwa kusanthula ndi chizindikiritso cha chizindikirocho tikukambirana m'nkhaniyi.

Munthu aliyense ayenera kukumbukira kuti ndikwabwino kudziwa za matendawa kuyambira koyambirira kusiyana ndi kuchiza mitundu yake yomwe yanyalanyazidwa.

Insulin ndi mahomoni opangidwa ndi kapamba. Cholinga chake chachikulu ndikuyendetsa zinthu zofunika zofunikira pantchito yake ndikusamalitsa chomanga thupi m'maselo a thupi. Norm magazi insulin mwa akazi ikuwonetsa kugwira ntchito bwino kwa minyewa ya endocrine yamkati ndikusunga shuga wambiri.

Kusintha kokhudzana ndi zaka muyezo wa mahomoni

Gome likuwonetsa izo ndi zaka kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi ukuwonjezeka kwambiri. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndikuti pakapita nthawi, azimayi amafunika mphamvu zambiri zolowa mthupi ndi glucose. Pazifukwa zomwezo, zomwe zimakhala zake nthawi zambiri zimawonjezeka panthawi yapakati, pamene kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kumawonjezeka ndi 1.5-2 nthawi.

Mlingo wa insulin amasintha masana, womwe umatha kutsagana ndi mawonekedwe apadera, komanso mukangodya. Komanso, ili mkati mwamagulu. Kwa odwala matenda ashuga, njira zambiri zotchulidwa zimakhazikitsidwa zomwe zimadalira gawo la nthendayi, mtundu wa shuga, mtundu wamankhwala.

Mwa akazi, kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi kumawonjezeka ndi zaka.

Kudalira kwa zochita za thupi pamlingo wa mahomoni

Insulin imagwira ntchito ngati kondakitala, yemwe amatsogoza glucose onse obwera kumisempha kapena minofu yamafuta. Ngati kuchuluka kwa timadzi timene timakhala ndi malire, titha kunena mosakayika kuti kwa anthu azaka zilizonse machitidwe onse ofunikira amapita popanda kupatuka:

• Zogwira popanga ma ribosomes.
• Kukonzanso minyewa.
• Kupereka kwamaselo am'misempha ndi ma amino acid.
• Kupanga kwa glycogen yofunikira.

Chifukwa cha timadzi timeneti, glucose amalowa m'maselo a minyewa, pomwe imang'ambika, limodzi ndi kutulutsidwa kwa mphamvu yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi thupi.Imalepheretsa mapangidwe a mamolekyulu atsopano m'chiwindi, omwe amachepetsa katundu pa chiwalo.

Kusintha kwachikhalidwe munthawi zonse

• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mopitirira malire.
• Zovuta zapafupipafupi.
• Kunenepa kwambiri.
• Kumwa mankhwala a mahomoni.
• Matenda a chiwindi.

Mavuto onsewa amatengedwa kuti ndi chifukwa chamakhalidwe osayenera, kuwongolera komwe, mutha kuchepetsa insulin. Koma izi sizikukwanira nthawi zonse, muzochitika zotere, kukhalapo kwa kupatuka kungakhale chizindikiro cha matenda owopsa.

Kulondola kwa kusanthulaku kuli koyenera.

Kupanga kwa mahomoni kumachulukana nthawi zonse pakudya, chifukwa chake, zitsanzo za magazi zimachitika pokhapokha pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Izi zimathandiza kupewa mitengo yokwezeka yabodza. Cholondola kwambiri ndikuwunika magawo awiri. Pankhaniyi, nthawi yoyamba yomwe biomaterial imachotsedwa kwa wodwala pamimba yopanda kanthu, ndiye kuti amamwa yankho la glucose ndipo atatha maola 2 akubwereza kusanthula.

Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa insulini yanu, muyenera kudutsa mayeso onse ofunikira.

Mulingo wokwera

• Type 2 shuga
• Cushing's Syndrome.
• Polycystic ovary.
• Adrenal neoplasms.
• Kuphwanya kwa pituitary England.
• Insulinomas
• Pancreatic neoplasms.
• Acromegaly.
• Myotonic dystrophy.

Chiwopsezo cha matenda chikukula ndi ukalamba. Kuchulukitsidwa kwotalikilira kwa insulini kumabweretsa zotsatira zosasinthika pamakina onse ofunikira, ndikupangitsa kuwonongeka kwa mtima, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol, ndi matenda oopsa. Zolemba zake zapamwamba zimawerengedwa kuti ndizomwe zimayambitsa kunenepa kwambiri, zomwe, zimayambitsa mavuto azaumoyo atsopano kwa amayi. Popeza mahomoni amatha kupangitsa kukula kwa maselo a chotupa, kuthamanga kwake kungayambitse matenda a khansa.

Mlingo wa insulini ukakwera, kutsika kwofanana kwa shuga kumachitika, komwe kumadzipangitsa kumva thukuta lakuthwa, kupindika, kunjenjemera, kukomoka, kumverera kwadzidzidzi kwamanjala. Vutoli limachoka ngati mudya kena kokoma.

Mulingo wotsika

Ngati kuchuluka kwa insulin mwa akazi ndiwotsika, izi zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa misempha ya shuga ndikuwonongeka kwakulowa kwake kulowa m'maselo. Izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha:

• Mtundu woyamba wa shuga.
• Matenda opatsirana.
• Kukanika kwa pituitary.
• Kutopa.

Kusowa kwa mahomoni nthawi zambiri kumadziwika mwa azimayi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ufa woperewera ndi shuga, kupsinjika pafupipafupi komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mopitirira, pomwe kuchuluka kwa glucose kumatha.

Amayi onse omwe amakhala moyo wongokhala.

Oimira ogonana ofooka amakhala pachiwopsezo, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amakhala moyo wongokhala (ntchito ya muofesi), ndipo akakhala pamavuto ambiri amakhala ndi maswiti ambiri. Komabe chifukwa chachikulu chosowa insulin ndi matenda amtundu 1, omwe angayambitse ngozi.

Ndi timadzi totsika tambiri, glucose samatengeka kwathunthu kupita ku ma cell, omwe amachititsa kuti azikwana m'magazi ndi ludzu, thupi loyenda, kukoka pafupipafupi, kugwidwa ndi njala mwadzidzidzi, kukwiya. Kuchepetsa thupi, kunenepa, kutopa zimadziwika.

Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa insulin mwa akazi kumakhala kofanana ndi kusintha kwa zaka. Kuphatikiza pa ukalamba, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zimadalira kuchuluka kwa zochitika zolimbitsa thupi komanso zakudya. Chifukwa chake, zidzakhala zothandiza kwa azimayi onse kuti achepetse zakudya zamafuta ambiri ndikuwonjezera ntchito zina zakunja kwazomwe amachita tsiku ndi tsiku.

Kuphatikiza insulin imakhudzanso kagayidwe kazakudya ndipo imathandiza kuonetsetsa kuti shuga amachokera m'mitsempha yamagazi kulowa m'matumbo amitundu yonse yofunika.

Kuchuluka kwa insulini kuyenera kukhala koopsa, koma ambiri samalabadira chifukwa kulibe zovuta zaumoyo. Pakadali pano, poyang'ana koyamba, kuchuluka kwambiri kwa insulini kungayambitse zovuta zoyipa.

Insulin yokwera ndi zizindikiro zake

Ngati insulin ya magazi ndi yokwera, zizindikilo zimatha kukhala ndi izi:

• Munthu amakhala ndi nkhawa nthawi zonse panjala, ngakhale amadya mokwanira komanso pafupipafupi.
• Munthu amatopa msanga ndipo nthawi zambiri amayamba kufooka.
• Wodwalayo amatha kuyamba thukuta.
• Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa insulini kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti munthu apume movutikira, ngakhale kuti amalimbitsa thupi pang'ono.
• Ululu umatha kumveka m'misempha, kukokana kwamiyendo ndikothekanso.
• Kuyamwa kumamveka pakhungu, pomwe mabala ndi mafinya amachira pang'onopang'ono.

Zowona, zofananira zimatha kuwonedwa ndi matenda ena, komabe, ndi zoyamba kufotokoza zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambapa, muyenera kufunsa dokotala ndikupimidwa kokwanira kuti mudziwe zomwe zimayambitsa odwala. Katswiriyu adzaunikira insulini ndipo azichita zonse zofunikira kuti athe kuchepetsa zizindikirazo kuti zizikhala bwino komanso kuti asachotse zizindikiro zosafunikira.

Mitundu yambiri ya insulini komanso zifukwa zowonjezera zake

Mafuta ambiri a insulini m'magazi amatha kuyang'aniridwa mwa odwala omwe amakonda maswiti, nthawi zambiri amadya zakudya zokhala ndi shuga ndi zakudya zambiri. Pofuna kuti musamve ludzu, muyenera kudya bwino ndikumanga mitundu yofunikira. Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kudya pafupipafupi, koma pang'ono ndi pang'ono, ndikumapanga zokhwasula-khwasula pakati pa kadzutsa, nkhomaliro komanso chakudya chamadzulo.

Muyenera kudya pafupipafupi maola angapo. Zakudya zochiritsira zapadera zimakuthandizani kusankha zakudya zabwino komanso zopatsa thanzi menyu tsiku lililonse.

Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti insulin iwonjezeke m'magazi imatha kugona m'thupi chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri thupi. Komanso matenda amanjenje, kupsinjika mosalekeza komanso nkhawa, makamaka mwa azimayi, kumatha kuwonetsa.

Pakalipano, zifukwa zazikulu nthawi zambiri zimabisidwa mumunthu ndi kukhalabe ndi moyo wopanda thanzi. Makamaka, kunenepa kwambiri kumatanthauza kuti munthu akukumana ndi mavuto azaumoyo. Kuchuluka kwa thupi mwa akazi ndi abambo kumachepetsa njira yolembera ma cell amafuta ndikuchepetsa mphamvu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kufalikira kwamitsempha yamagazi kumatha kusokonekera, komanso wodwalayo atha kulephera.

Ndikusowa vitamini E ndi chromium, kuwonjezereka kwa insulin m'magazi kungawonedwenso.

Izi zikutanthauza kuti munthu ayenera kupanga zosowa za mavitamini ndi michere mothandizidwa ndi Vitamini ndikukonzekera bwino, monga zakudya. Kudya mavitamini osiyanasiyana kumathandizira kulimbitsa ma membala am'mimba ndikupanga kukana mafuta oxidation. Izi zikutanthauza kuti palibe chifukwa chogwira ntchito popanga insulini kuti muwononge mafuta.

Makamaka, matenda opatsirana, matenda a impso, kupezeka kwa zotupa pamimba yam'mimba, ndi zotupa mu gren adrenal zimatha kuwonjezera insulin.

Kutsimikiza kwa insulin m'mwazi

Kusanthula kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwa insulini yamagazi nthawi zambiri kumachitika kuti muwone momwe kapamba amagwirira ntchito bwino. Zizindikiro zilizonse zakuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa kwa mahomoni zimayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa ntchito yofunikira.

Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu yoyesa magazi kuti mupeze zofunikira pakuwonekera kwa mahomoni.

1. Poyamba, mu labotale, magazi amatengedwa kuchokera kwa wodwala pamimba yopanda kanthu. Chakudya chomaliza, pafupifupi maola asanu ndi atatu ayenera kudutsa.
2. Pachiwiri, kuyeserera kwa glucose kumagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kuti muchite izi, shuga wosungunuka amamwa pamimba yopanda madzi, kenako, patatha maola awiri, kuyezetsa magazi kumachokera kwa wodwalayo.

Malinga ndi zomwe zapezeka, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kuchuluka kwa insulin kumatsimikiziridwa. Kuti mupeze zambiri zodalirika, zakudya zamasiku atatu zimafunikira musanapange kusanthula.

Muthanso kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kunyumba pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo cha glucometer.Miyeso yonse imachitika kokha pamimba yopanda kanthu. Musanagwiritse ntchito mita, muyenera kutsuka manja anu ndikusambitsa chala chanu kuti magazi azisintha. Kuti muchepetse kupweteka, kuponyera pakhungu la chala kumachitika bwino kwambiri pakatikati ndi mbali. Dontho loyamba la magazi limapukutidwa ndi chikopa, ndipo lachiwiri limayikidwa pa mzere woyesera.

Momwe mungachepetse insulin yokwera

Asanapereke mankhwala, dokotala amayenera kufufuza mozama kuti adziwe zomwe zinayambitsa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni m'thupi. Kutengera ndi mayeso a labotale ndi maphunziro owonjezera, mankhwala ofunikira amalembedwa, zakudya zochizira zimayikidwa, ndipo tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mupite ku malo olimbitsa thupi kuti mupitirize kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Mukatsatira malingaliro onse a madokotala, posachedwa insulini ibwerera mwakale.

Zakudya zimaphatikizapo kuyang'anira kudya komanso kudya zakudya zabwino zokha. Zakudya za shuga ndi zotsekemera zimayenera kuchotsedwa mu zakudya. M'malo mwawo ndi zipatso ndi masamba, marmalade, marshmallows, komanso zotsekemera zapamwamba kwambiri. Chakudyacho chimaphatikizanso kuwerengera mosamalitsa kwa chakudya chamagulu omwe amadya. Sikoyenera kuti tiziwasiya kwathunthu, koma muyenera kungopeka menyu ndikugawa mbale momwemonso.

Ndi insulin yowonjezera, mchere uyenera kutayidwa. Zakudyazo siziyenera kuphatikizapo zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi sodium yayikulu, monga soseji, katundu wamzitini, mtedza wamchere, wobera.

Kuphatikiza kufunikira kusiyiratu kumwa zakumwa zoledzeletsa zakumwa. Pakadali pano, muyenera kumwa osachepera malita 2,5 amadzi patsiku kuti mupange thupi ndi zinthu zomwe zikusowapo. Chifukwa chake tikulimbikitsidwa:

1. shuga wopanda compote
2. zakumwa za zipatso
3. zakumwa zachilengedwe,
4. msuzi wazipatso,
5. tiyi wobiriwira, momwe shuga sawonjezeredwa, mwa njira, adalimbikitsidwanso.

Chakudyacho chimalola kumwa zamkaka zilizonse zokhala ndi mafuta ochepa. Pakati pa mbewu monga chimanga, tirigu, tirigu, mpunga wamafuta sitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika.

Komanso, zakudya zothina zimalola kuphatikizidwa muzakudya zamafuta, nkhuku komanso nsomba zamafuta ochepa. Mazira amaloledwa, koma amathanso kudyedwa mopitilira katatu pa sabata.

Masamba amalimbikitsidwa kuti adyedwe yaiwisi kapena yophika, kuwonjezera shuga m'mbale. Zakudya zimakulolani kudya mavwende, mavwende, mapeyala ndi maapulo. Zipatso za citrus mu mawonekedwe a malalanje ndi mphesa ndizofunikira kwambiri. Mwa zipatso, chakudyacho chimalola sitiroberi, rasipiberi, sitiroberi, yamatcheri.

Insulin ndi mahomoni a protein omwe amapangidwa ndi kapamba. Imakhala ndi chothandiza kwambiri pakapangidwe kazakudya zambiri m'thupi lathu. Chimodzi mwa ntchito zake zazikulu ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Chifukwa cha insulini, njira yogwiritsira ntchito shuga ndikupanga maselo am minofu imathandizira, kupanga maselo atsopano a shuga m'chiwindi kumalepheretsa. Zimapanga nkhokwe ya glycogen - mtundu wa glucose - m'maselo, zimathandizira pakusunga komanso kudziunjikira kwazinthu zina zamphamvu, monga mafuta, mapuloteni. Chifukwa cha insulin, kuchepa kwawo ndikugwiritsa ntchito sikulephereka.

Zomwe zikuchitika kuti ntchito ya pancreatic singavulaze ndipo gland ikonzedwa, amapanga nthawi zonse kuchuluka kwa insulini yofunikira kwa chamoyo chonse. Mukatha kudya, kuchuluka kwa insulin kumakwera, izi ndizofunikira pakukonzanso kwapamwamba kwambiri kwa mapuloteni obwera, mafuta ndi chakudya.

Pakakhala kuti pali zododometsa zochitika pantchito ya kapamba, pamakhala kugwira ntchito bwino kwa chamoyo chonse. Matendawa amatchedwa matenda a shuga.

Kupanda insulin yokwanira, mtundu 1 wa shuga umachitika. Mu matendawa, maselo a pancreatic beta omwe amapanga insulin amawonongeka. Thupi silingafanane ndi chakudya chomwe chikubwera.

Kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito bwino, wodwalayo amapatsidwa "insulin" chakudya asanadye.Kuchuluka komwe kumayenera kuthana ndi kukonzanso bwino kwa zakudya zomwe zikubwera. Pakati pa chakudya, insulin imathandizidwanso. Cholinga cha majekesowa ndikuwonetsetsa kuti thupi likugwira ntchito pakudya.

Nthawi yomwe insulin m'thupi imapangidwa molondola, koma mawonekedwe ake amakhala osalimba, matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri amapezeka. Ndi matenda amtunduwu, mtundu wa insulini umachepetsedwa, ndipo sungakhale ndi chidwi ndi maselo amthupi. M'malo mwake, mulibe nzeru mu insulin yotere. Satha kusintha shuga m'magazi. Ndi mtundu uwu, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokopa insulin kuti ichitepo kanthu.

Insulin Zomwe zimachitika mwa akazi akamabadwa (patebulo)

Mlingo wa insulin wabwinobwino mwa amuna ndi akazi ndi wofanana, pali kusiyana pang'ono pazochitika zina.

Nthawi zina pamene glucose wambiri m'thupi akwera, kapamba amayamba kupanga insulin mwachangu. Nthawi ngati izi mu thupi la mkazi wathanzi limachitika nthawi yakutha, pakati komanso kukalamba.

Zonsezi zikuwonetsedwa bwino pama tebulo omwe ali pansipa:

Mulingo wa insulin m'mwazi wa mkazi umasiyanasiyana malinga ndi zaka zake. Pakupita kwa zaka, imakwera modabwitsa.

Madzi a insulin. Zomwe zimachitika mwa ana ndi achinyamata

Ana ndi achinyamata amapanga gulu lapadera. Ana safunanso mphamvu zowonjezera, motero kupanga mahomoni awa sikukuwoneka pang'ono. Koma nthawi yakutha msuzi, chithunzicho chimasintha kwambiri. Poyerekeza ndi kufalikira kwa mahomoni ambiri, kuchuluka kwa insulin m'mwazi mwa achinyamata kumakulirakulira.

Miyezo ya insulin ikamasinthasintha kuposa manambala omwe akuwonetsedwa, izi zikutanthauza kuti munthuyo amakhala wathanzi. Nthawi yomwe mahomoni omwe ali pamwambapa, matendawa amapezeka pakapita zaka zambiri, njirazi zimatha kusintha.

Insulin ndi mahomoni okhala ndi khalidwe. Zinthu zambiri zimatha kukhudza kuchuluka kwake - kupsinjika, kupsinjika kwa thupi, matenda a kapamba, koma nthawi zambiri kusokonezeka kumachitika chifukwa cha matenda a shuga.

Zizindikiro zonena kuti pali kuchuluka kwa insulini - kuyabwa, pakamwa pouma, mabala amtundu wochiritsa, chilimbikitso chokwanira, koma nthawi yomweyo chizolowezi choonda.

Zomwe zimachitika ngati insulini ili pansi pazomwe zikuwonetsa kuti ikuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwakanthawi kapenanso kuti munthu ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba. Matenda a kapamba sayeneranso kutsutsidwa. Nthawi zambiri pamizerezi pamawonjezeredwa pallor, palpitations, kukomoka, kusakwiya, thukuta.

Momwe mungadziwire kuchuluka kwa insulin?

Kusanthula kumafunika kuti mudziwe zomwe zili mu insulin. Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu yosanthula - mutatha kukweza shuga komanso pamimba yopanda kanthu. Kuti muzindikire matenda a shuga, muyenera kuyeseza zonsezi. Phunziro lotere litha kuchitidwa mu chipatala chokha.

Kusanthula kumeneku kumachitika m'mimba yopanda kanthu m'mawa, kuti zotsatira zake ziziwoneka bwino, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti musadye osachepera maola 12 musanatenge magazi. Chifukwa chake, kuwunika kumeneku kumayikidwa m'mawa, komwe kumakupatsani mwayi wokonzekera bwino magazi.

Tsiku loti lisanachitike, zakudya zamafuta onse, maswiti amachotsedwa pamakonzedwe a wodwala, mowa uyenera kupewedwanso. Kupanda kutero, zotsatira zomwe zapezedwa sizingafanane ndi zenizeni, zomwe zingapangitse njira yodziwira bwino matenda.

Kuphatikiza pakusintha menyu, ndikofunikira kuti mukhale ndi moyo wopumula kwambiri musanafike pokonzanso - siyani masewera olimbikira, olimbikira ntchito, yesani kupewa zomwe zikukumana ndi mavuto. Kusiya kusuta tsiku lisanafike kusanthula sikungakhale kopusa.

Pambuyo pakugona, musanapereke magazi kuti muwoneke, simungadye kapena kumwa chilichonse kupatula madzi oyera okha.Magazi amatengedwa kuchokera pachala, nthawi zina, magazi a venous amatengedwa, komanso pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Kuphatikiza pa kuyezetsa magazi, madokotala nthawi zambiri amakupatsirani kuyesa kwa mapangidwe a chiphuphu, zomwe zimathandizira kudziwa zifukwa zomwe amapangira insulin.

Zotsatira zitha kukhala zochepa poyerekeza ndi tebulo lomwe lili pamwambapa. Chifukwa chake chisonyezo chokhazikika kwa munthu wamkulu chizikhala magawo kuchokera pa 1.9 mpaka 23 mked / l. Kwa ana ochepera zaka 14, chizindikiro ichi chimatha kukhala pakati pa 2 mpaka 20 mcd / l. mwa amayi omwe ali ndiudindo, chizindikiro ichi chikhala 6 mpaka 27 mced / l.

Kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa insulin

Kuti mumvetsetse momwe thupi limapangira ndi insulin mosachedwa komanso kuchuluka kwake, kuyezetsa kumachitika kuti mupeze timadzi tambiri tosungidwamo. Kukonzekera njira yodziwitsira matenda kumachitika chimodzimodzi monga momwe zinalili kale. Simungathe kudya osachepera maola 8, kusuta, kumwa mowa komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kuyenera kusiyidwa.

Asanayambe kuyesa insulin m'magazi a wodwalayo, maola awiri asanalembedwe magazi iye amapatsidwa shuga - 75 ml ya akulu ndi 50 ml ya ana. Njira yothetsera vutoli itatha, thupi limayamba ntchito yopanga insulin ndi ntchito yake kuti igwetse shuga.

Nthawi yonseyi, simungathe kupanga zochita zolimbitsa thupi, kusuta. Pambuyo maola awiri, magazi amatengedwa kuti awunikidwe, kuyeza mulingo wa insulin.

Pakupereka zitsanzo, wodwalayo amafunika kukhala wodekha, apo ayi zotsatira zake sizingakhale zolondola.
Pambuyo pa kusanthula koteroko, magawo otsatirawa amakhala zizizindikiro wamba: kwa munthu wamkulu, manambala amachokera pa 13 mpaka 15 mced / L, kwa mayi yemwe ali ndi mwana, ziwerengero kuyambira 16 mpaka 17 mced / L zidzakhala chizindikiro chokwanira, kwa ana ochepera zaka 14, manambala kuyambira 10 azikhala abwinobwino mpaka 11 mced / l.

Nthawi zina, kungakhale koyenera kuwunikira kawiri kuti muzindikire zomwe zili m'madzi a insulin. Kusanthula koyamba kumachitika m'mimba yopanda kanthu m'mawa, pambuyo pake wodwalayo amapatsidwa shuga kuti amwe ndipo pambuyo maola awiri kuyezetsa magazi kumabwerezedwa. Kusanthula kophatikizidwa kudzapereka chithunzithunzi chowonjezera cha zotsatira za insulin.

Kodi kuchuluka kwa insulin kumatha bwanji?

Pambuyo podya, mapuloteni, mafuta ndi zakudya zimaloŵa m'thupi, kapamba amayamba kupanga mwachangu mahomoni kuti athe kunyamula mitundu yonseyi. Ndiye kuti, kuchuluka kwa insulin kumawonjezeka kwambiri, chifukwa chake ndizosatheka kudziwa molondola kuchuluka kwa insulin mthupi la munthu mutatha kudya. Chakudya chikakonzedwa, zinthu za insulin zimabweranso mwakale.

Insulin ndi matenda a "shuga" a mitundu yonse iwiriyi

Nthawi zambiri, zobisika komanso ntchito za mahomoni omwe akufotokozedwawa amasintha ndi matenda amitundu iwiri (osagwirizana ndi insulin - amadalira matenda a shuga - NIDDM), omwe amapangidwa nthawi zambiri pakati anthu achikulire ndi okalamba omwe onenepa kwambiri. Odwala nthawi zambiri amafunsa kuti bwanji kunenepa kwambiri kumatha kutenga matenda ashuga. Ndipo izi zimachitika motere: kudzikundikira kwamafuta ochulukirapo kwamafuta kumayendetsedwa ndi kukwera kwa lipoprotein yamagazi, yomwe, imathandizira kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha ma receptor a mahomoni ndikusintha kwa kuyanjana kwake chifukwa chake. Zotsatira za kuphwanya kotereku ndikuchepa kwa kupanga kwa insulin ndipo, motero, kuchepa kwa magazi ake m'magazi, zomwe zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa glucose, komwe sikungagwiritsidwe ntchito panthawi chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa insulin.

Mwa njira, anthu ena, atazindikira zotsatira za kusanthula kwawo (hyperglycemia, kusokonezeka kwa lipid), atakwiya kwakanthawi pazifukwa izi, ayamba kufunafuna njira zopewera matenda oopsa - "mwachangu" amakhala pansi "pazakudya zomwe zimachepetsa thupi.Ndipo akuchita bwino! Zochitika zoterezi zimatha kukhala zothandiza kwambiri kwa odwala onse omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha matenda ashuga: njira zomwe zimatengedwa panthawi yake zimachedwetsa kukula kwa matendawa omwewo komanso zotsatira zake kwakanthawi, komanso kudalira mankhwala omwe amachepetsa shuga ya magazi (plasma) shuga.

Chithunzi chosiyana ndi chomwe chimawonedwa ndi matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba, omwe amatchedwa insulin-wate (IDDM). Pankhaniyi, glucose ndi okwanira kuzungulira maselo, amangosamba m'malo a shuga, komabe, sangathe kuyamwa mphamvu yayikulu chifukwa cha kuchepa kwathunthu kwa wochititsa - palibe insulin. Maselo sangatenge glucose, chifukwa cha izi, njira zina zimayamba kusokonekera mthupi:

• Mafuta osungira, osatentha kotheratu mumjikelezo wa Krebs, amatumizidwa ku chiwindi ndipo amakhudzidwa ndikupanga matupi a ketone,
• Kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa shuga m'magazi kumabweretsa ludzu lodabwitsa, kuchuluka kwa glucose kumayamba kutulutsidwa mkodzo,
• Carbohydrate metabolism imayendetsedwa kudzera njira ina (sorbitol), ndikupanga sorbitol yochulukirapo, yomwe imayamba kuyikidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana, ndikupanga matenda: patharact (m'maso a mandala), polyneuritis (mu ma processor a nerve), processher atherosranceotic (khoma la mtima).

Thupi, poyesera kulipirira zovuta izi, limalimbikitsa kuwonongeka kwa mafuta, chifukwa chomwe zomwe zimachitika m'magazi a triglycerides zimawonjezeka, koma gawo la gawo lothandiza la cholesterol limatsika. Atherogenic dysproteinemia amachepetsa chitetezo chamthupi, chomwe chimawonetsedwa ndikusintha kwa magawo ena a labotale (fructosamine ndi glycosylated hemoglobin kuchuluka, kapangidwe ka magazi ka magazi kamasokonezeka). Munthawi yakusowa kwathunthu kwa insulin, odwala amakhala ochepa mphamvu, amakhala ndi ludzu nthawi zonse, ndipo mkodzo waukulu umamasulidwa kuchokera kwa iwo.

Mu matenda a shuga mellitus, kuchepa kwa insulini kumapeto kwa pafupifupi ziwalo zonse ndi machitidwe, ndiko kuti, kuperewera kwake kumapangitsa kuti pakhale zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa chithunzi cha matenda "okoma".

Zomwe "zowonjezera" ndi zolakwitsa "zimatiuza"

Insulin yowonjezera, ndiye kuti, kuchuluka kwake mu plasma ya magazi (ma seramu) kungayembekezeredwe ngati zochitika zina za pathological:

1. Ma insulinomas ndi zotupa za timadzi tating'onoting'ono ta Langerhans, tomwe timayang'anira mosasamala komanso tambiri timatulutsa timadzi tambiri timagulu tambiri. Mitsempha imeneyi imapatsa insulin yokwanira, ndipo glucose othamanga amachepa. Kuti muwone ma pancreatic adenomas amtunduwu, kuchuluka kwa insulin ndi glucose (I / G) amawerengedwa ndi kakhazikitsidwe: kuchuluka kwa mahomoni m'magazi, μU / ml: (okhutira shuga omwe amatsimikiziridwa m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu, mmol / l - 1.70).
2. Gawo loyambirira la mapangidwe a shuga osagwirizana ndi insulin, pambuyo pake misempha ya insulin iyamba kugwa, ndipo shuga iwonjezeka.
3. Kunenepa kwambiri. Pakalipano, pano ndi pankhani ya matenda ena, pakufunika kusiyanitsa pakati pa zoyambitsa ndi zotsatira: pamagawo oyamba, osati kunenepa kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa insulini, koma m'malo mwake, kuchuluka kwambiri kwa mahomoni kumawonjezera chilimbikitso ndipo kumalimbikitsa kusintha kwa glucose mwachangu kuchokera ku chakudya kukhala mafuta. Komabe, zinthu zonse zimalumikizana kotero kuti sizotheka kudziwa bwinobwino zomwe zimayambitsa.
4. Matenda a chiwindi.
5. Acromegaly. Mwa anthu athanzi, kuchuluka kwambiri kwa insulin kumachepetsa shuga wamagazi, omwe amachititsa kuti mahomoni azomwe akukula azikula, odwala omwe ali ndi acromegaly, kuwonjezeka kwa mfundo za insulin komanso hypoglycemia yotsatira sikumayambitsa chidwi chapadera pakukula kwa mahomoni. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mayeso olimbikitsa kuyang'anira kuwongolera kwa mahomoni (kulowetsedwa kwa insulin sikumayambitsa chiwonjezeke chapadera cha GH mwina ola limodzi kapena maola a 2 pambuyo pa insulin management.
6. Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome.Kuchepa kwa kagayidwe kazakudya mu matenda amayamba chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, omwe amachepetsa njira yogwiritsira ntchito shuga, omwe, ngakhale amakhala ndi insulini yambiri, amakhalabe m'magazi kwambiri.
7. Insulin imakwezedwa ndi minyewa ya dystrophy, yomwe inali chifukwa cha zovuta zingapo za metabolic.
8. Mimba ndizabwinobwino, koma ndi chidwi chambiri.
9. Kuvuta tsankho kuti fructose ndi galactose.

Kubwera kwa insulin (kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu) pakhungu kumayambitsa kuthina kwakuthwa m'magazi a wodwalayo, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa wodwala mumkhalidwe wa hyperglycemic coma. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya shuga ndi glucose pochiza matenda a shuga kumathandizanso kuti insulin iwonjezeke.

Tiyenera kudziwa, ngakhale anthu ambiri amadziwa kale kuti palibe mankhwala ochizira ma insulini okwanira, pali mankhwala ochizira matenda omwe ali ndi "misozi" yofananira mu mahomoni ndi kuphwanya njira zosiyanasiyana za metabolic.

Kutsika kwa insulin kumawonedwa mu mtundu 1 ndi mtundu 2 shuga. Kusiyanitsa kokhako ndikuti ndi INDM, kuchepa kwa mahomoni kumakhala kofanana ndipo kumachitika chifukwa cha zinthu zina kuposa kuperewera konse mu IDDM. Kuphatikiza apo, zochitika zopsinjika, zolimbitsa thupi kwambiri, kapena zinthu zina zovuta zimayambitsa kutsika kwa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni m'magazi.

Momwe mungatenge ndikuwunikira?

Phunzirolo lisanachitike, wodwalayo amafotokozeredwa za kusanthula kwake, zomwe amapanga. Kuchita kwa kapamba pazakudya, zakumwa, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, zolimbitsa thupi ndizofunikira kuti wodwalayo azitha kufa ndi njala maola 12 asanafike phunzirolo, osagwira nawo ntchito yolimbitsa thupi, kupatula kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a mahomoni. Ngati izi sizingatheke, ndiye kuti, mankhwalawo sangathe kunyalanyazidwa mwanjira iliyonse, ndiye kuti pa fomu yosanthula pamachitika kuti mayesowo amachitika motsutsana ndi maziko a mankhwala a mahomoni.

Hafu ya ola limodzi asanathenso (magazi amatengedwa kuchokera mu mtsempha), munthu amene akudikirira pamzere kuti aunikiridwe amapatsidwa mwayi kuti agone pabedi ndi kumasuka momwe angathere. Wodwalayo ayenera kuchenjezedwa kuti kusatsatira malamulowo kungakhudze zotsatira ndikuyambiranso ku labotale, chifukwa chake, kuletsa kubwereza sikungapewere.

Kuwongolera kwa insulin: jakisoni woyamba yekha ndi wowopsa, ndiye chizolowezi

Ngati chisamaliro chachikulu chidalipira mahomoni a hypoglycemic omwe amapangidwa ndi kapamba, zingakhale zothandiza kukhazikika pang'onopang'ono pa insulin ngati mankhwala omwe amafotokozedwera matenda osiyanasiyana a matenda am'mimba ndipo, choyambirira, kwa matenda a shuga.

Kubweretsa insulin ndi odwala omwewo kwakhala ponseponse, ngakhale ana amapirira nawo. zaka za sukulu, zomwe dokotala wophunzirayo amaphunzitsa nzeru zonse (gwiritsani ntchito chida chothandizira kupatsa insulini, tsatirani malamulo a asepsis, yang'anani momwe mankhwalawo amadziwika ndi mtundu uliwonse wa mtundu uliwonse). Pafupifupi odwala onse omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu woyamba 1 komanso odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira kwambiri insulin "amakhala" pa jakisoni wa insulin. Kuphatikiza apo, zovuta zina zadzidzidzi kapena zovuta za matenda ashuga, pakalibe zovuta zamankhwala ena, amayimitsidwa ndi insulin. Komabe, panjira ya matenda ashuga a mtundu 2, pakukhazikika kwa mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo, mahomoni obwera jekeseni amatha m'malo mwanjira zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mkati kuti asasokoneze ndi syringes, kuwerengera ndi kudalira jakisoni, zomwe zingakhale zovuta kudzipangira nokha popanda chizolowezi, ngakhale pali zina luso losavuta lazachipatala.

Mankhwala abwino omwe ali ndi mavuto pang'ono komanso osaphatikizana kwambiri ndi yankho la insulin, lomwe maziko ake ndi insulin.

Mu kapangidwe kake, mahomoni a hypoglycemic a kapamba a nkhumba amakhala ofanana kwambiri ndi insulin yaumunthu, ndipo nthawi zambiri amapulumutsa anthu zaka zambiri kale (pogwiritsa ntchito ma genetic engineering) a semi-synthetic kapena DNA recombinant mitundu ya insulin. Zochizira matenda a shuga kwa ana, ndi insulin yokha yamunthu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pano.

Jakisoni wa insulini umalimbikira kukhalabe ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi, kupewa kuchulukitsitsa: kudumpha (hyperglycemia) ndikugwera m'magulu ovomerezeka (hypoglycemia).

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mitundu ya insulin, kuwerengetsa kwake mlingo molingana ndi mawonekedwe a thupi, zaka, zokhudzana ndi zam'mimba zimachitika pokhapokha ngati dokotala amatsatira. Amaphunzitsanso wodwala momwe angapangire jakisoni yekha, osafuna thandizo lakunja, amasankha madera omwe amayang'anira insulin, amapereka malangizo pazakudya (kudya zakudya kuyenera kumagwirizana ndi kudya kwa mahomoni a hypoglycemic m'magazi), moyo wawo, zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku, komanso zolimbitsa thupi. Mwambiri, muofesi ya endocrinologist, wodwalayo amalandira chidziwitso chonse chofunikira monga momwe moyo wake umadalira, wodwalayo amangofunika kugwiritsa ntchito molondola ndikutsatira mosamalitsa malingaliro onse a dokotala.

Mitundu ya Insulin

Odwala omwe amalandila mahomoni a hypoglycemic mu mawonekedwe omwe angathe kubayidwa ayenera kudziwa kuti ali ndi mitundu yanji ya insulin, nthawi yanji patsiku (ndi chifukwa)

1. Ma insulin ofupika, koma osakhalitsa (Humalog, Novorapid) - amawonekera m'magazi kuyambira masekondi angapo mpaka mphindi 15, nsonga ya zochita zawo imafika ola limodzi ndi theka, koma pambuyo pa maola 4 thupi la wodwalayo mulibenso insulin ndipo izi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa ngati izi mphindi yomwe akufuna kudya.
2. Ma insulin achidule (Actrapid NM, Insuman Rapid, Humulin Regular) - zoterezi zimachitika kuchokera hafu ya ola mpaka mphindi makumi atatu pambuyo pa jekeseni ndipo zimatha maola 6 mpaka 8, nsonga ya hypoglycemic ikuchitika pakadutsa maola 2 mpaka 4 pambuyo pa kuperekedwa.
3. Ma Medium-dut insulins (Humulin NPH, Insuman Bazal, Protafan NM) - palibe chifukwa choyembekezera zotsatira kuchokera ku kayendetsedwe ka insulin yamtunduwu, zimachitika pambuyo pa maola 1 - 3, pakukwana kwake pakati pa maola 6 - 8 ndikutha pambuyo pa maola 10 - 14 ( nthawi zina, mpaka maola 20).
4. Ma insulin omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali (mpaka maola 20-30, nthawi zina mpaka maola 36). Omwe akuyimira gululi: mankhwala apadera omwe alibe chiwonetsero - Insulin Glargin, yomwe odwala amadziwa kwambiri pansi pa dzina la "Lantus."
5. Ma insulin owonjezerapo (mpaka maola 42). Monga nthumwi, mutha kuyitanitsa mankhwala a Danish Insulin Degludek.

Ma insulin omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali komanso owonjezera nthawi yayitali amathandizidwa kamodzi patsiku, sayenera zochitika zadzidzidzi (mpaka atafika magazi). Zachidziwikire, pankhani ya chikomokere, ma insulin omwe amagwira ntchito mwachidule amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amabwezeretsa insulin ndi glucose msanga, zomwe zimawabweretsa pafupi kwambiri.

Kupereka mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya insulin kwa wodwalayo, adokotala amawerengera kuchuluka kwa njira iliyonse, njira yoyendetsera (pansi pa khungu kapena minofu), ikuwonetsa malamulo osakanikirana (ngati kuli kofunikira) ndi maola othandizira malinga ndi kudya. Mwinanso, owerenga adamvetsetsa kale kuti chithandizo cha matenda ashuga (insulin, makamaka) sichilekerera mtima wokonda kudya. Chakudya (choyambira) ndi "zokhwasula" ndizolumikizana kwambiri ndi nthawi ya insulin panthawi yakudya, chifukwa chake ayenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamalitsa ndi wodwalayo - thanzi lake limadalira.

Kodi insulini iyenera kukhala yambiri bwanji m'magazi?

Popeza mahomoni amapangidwa ndi kapamba mwachangu panthawi yakudya, ndizotheka kudziwa kuti insulin ndiyabwinobwino, pokhapokha pamimba yopanda kanthu. Pali mitundu yofunikira ya insulin, izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kusintha kwa mphamvu mukatha kudya.

Mulingo wa insulin m'magazi a munthu wathanzi amasonyezedwa pagome:

mwa ana	2.9-19,00 mkU / ml
mwa akulu	3.5-26 mcU / ml
zaka zopitilira 50	5.0-35 mcU / ml

Mwa amayi ndi abambo, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni ndi ofanana. Kupanga kumadalira kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zamagetsi zofunika. Mwa amayi apakati okha omwe kuchuluka kwake kumakwera chifukwa cha zosowa zamphamvu zambiri.

Zofunika kwa achikulire, komanso amayi apakati, mphamvu zowonjezereka pamene akuchita minyewa yogwira ntchito. Izi zimabweretsa kuchuluka kwa okalamba.

Mu ana, mahomoni amapangidwa ochepa, omwe amalumikizidwa ndi kuchepa mphamvu kwa mphamvu, kotero mawonekedwe ndiwotsika poyerekeza ndi akuluakulu.

Kupatuka kwa mfundo izi kuchokera mulingo wamba kumawonetsa kukhalapo kwa matenda a kapamba.

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa kuchuluka kwa insulini mwa ana, popeza ndi matenda omwe amayamba mtundu wa 1 shuga. Ndi matenda, kusowa kwathunthu kwa insulin kumatsimikiziridwa.

Izi zikutanthauza kuti ma cell a gland samatulutsa mahomoni. Chifukwa chake, kutsimikiza kwa insulin pamkhalidwewu kumachita gawo lofunikira.

Zisonyezo za kuyesa kwa insulin

Kusanthula kumayikidwa ngati akukayika matenda a pancreatic. Anthu omwe

Ngati achibale apafupi ali ndi matenda monga matenda ashuga, amafunika kuyang'ana kuchuluka kwa shuga wawo kamodzi pachaka.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa kusanthula kwa mwana kumachitidwanso ndi adokotala - endocrinologist. Kukula kwa matenda amtundu wa shuga 1 kwa mwana nthawi zonse kumayendetsedwa ndi kuchepa kwambiri kwa thupi, kukula kotheka kwa mikhalidwe ya hypoglycemic. Zizindikiro monga kuchepa thupi, ludzu lowonjezereka, komanso kuchuluka kwamkodzo tsiku lililonse ndizizindikiro zakuyesa.

Mitundu ya insulin imadziwikanso kuti mudziwe momwe mankhwalawo amathandizira. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amalandila mankhwala tsiku lililonse. Chifukwa chake, kuperekera kuwunikira ndikofunikira kwambiri.

Chizindikiro choyamba cha kusayenda bwino kwa masamba a pancreatic ndikudzipereka kwa shuga m'magazi. Kusanthula uku kumachitika ndi aliyense akavomerezedwa ku chipatala kapena chipatala. Kuphatikiza apo, mulingo wa hemoglobin wa glycated umatsimikiziridwa. Chizindikirochi chikuwonetsanso kuchuluka kwa mahomoni m'magazi.

Nthawi yomweyo, glycated hemoglobin ndi mtundu wodalirika kwambiri wofufuza: glucose amatsimikiza, omwe maselo ofiira a m'magazi "adatola" kumtundu wawo.

Popeza kuchuluka kwa moyo wa erythrocyte ndi miyezi 4, titha kuganiza kuti kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin chifukwa cha kusintha kwa glucose osati panthawi, koma kupitirira miyezi 4.

Kusanthula mwa akulu

Kutsimikiza kw labotale kumachitika ndi kutenga magazi m'mawa, musanadye. Izi ndichifukwa choti mukamadya, kuchuluka kwa timadzi timatulutsa. Chifukwa chake, onani kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Tsiku lisanafike mayeso silikulimbikitsidwa kumwa mankhwala. Zachidziwikire, pankhaniyi, muyenera kufunsa dokotala zakuchotsa mankhwala musanapange mankhwala.

Ndikofunikanso kuchepetsa kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, tsiku lisanafike kusanthula.

Posankha kuchuluka kwa kulolera kwa glucose, magazi amatengedwa kawiri. M'mawa, mpanda woyamba umachitika, ndiye kuti amapatsa shuga shuga kuti amwe ndipo pambuyo pa ola limodzi magazi amatengedwa kachiwiri. Chifukwa chake, wunikirani kusinthika kwa kusintha kwa mahomoni. Pankhaniyi, wodwalayo sayenera kudya pakadutsa mpaka nthawi yachiwiri yotsatsira magazi.

Njira imodzi yosavuta yoweruzira kuchuluka kwa timadzi timenewu ndi kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a capillary. Ngati mulingo wapitilira, izi zikuwonetsa kusowa kwa mahomoni kapena kuchepa kwa chidwi cha insulin ku glucose.

Kudziwitsa za kuchuluka kwa insulin mwa mwana

Mu makanda, kuchuluka kwa insulin nthawi zonse kumakhala kofanana. Izi ndichifukwa cha machitidwe awo achilengedwe. Kudalira kwa insulin pa shuga kumayamba pambuyo pa kutha. Glucometer ndi imodzi mwanjira zosavuta komanso zosavuta zophunzirira insulin mwa ana ndi akulu.Njirayi imakhazikitsidwa ndikuwonetsetsa kuchuluka kwa glucose, omwe mosaloledwa amakulolani kuweruza mahomoni.

Izi zimafuna izi:

• Sambani m'manja mwamwana,
• mankhwalawa gwiritsirani ntchito mowa kapena mankhwala ena aliwonse
• muyenera kukhazikitsa chipangizochi molingana ndi malangizo,
• ikani mkanda wapadera kuchokera m'bokosi,
• kubaya chala pang'ono ndi singano ya glucometer,
• ikani dontho la magazi pamalo omwe ali pachiwonetsero malinga ndi malangizo,
• sinthani zotsatira pambuyo masekondi 30.

Mulingo wotsika

Kutsika uku kukuwonetsa matenda otsatirawa:

• mtundu 1 shuga
• hypoglycemic coma,
• kusokonezeka kwa pituitary gland.

Mwa amuna, mwakuchita zolimbitsa thupi, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni kumachepa.

Kuperewera kwa insulin kumatha kukhala m'mitundu iwiri, ndizosakwanira komanso kuperewera kwathunthu. Yoyamba imapezeka mu mtundu 2 shuga. Nthawi yomweyo, pamakhala kuchuluka kwa insulin, koma sikutha kukhudza maselo am'matumbo kuti amwe glucose.

Vutoli, lomwe limayambitsa matenda a shuga a mtundu 2, amatchedwa kukana insulini. Kubwerera kwathunthu kumachitika mu mtundu woyamba wa shuga, ndipo nthawi zambiri sikungasinthike, kutanthauza kuti kapamba sikutchiritsa mahomoni konse.

Kusintha kulikonse kwa mahomoni kumatha kunena za matenda a gland.

Zizindikiro za kusintha kwa insulin

Zosintha pamasamba a mahomoni nthawi zonse zimawonetsedwa ndi kusintha kwina pakugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo ndi machitidwe.

Zizindikiro zakuchepa kwambiri kwa insulin komanso kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi zotsatirazi (zizindikiro za matenda ashuga):

• ludzu lalikulu
• kulakalaka
• Khungu
• kukonzanso kwapang'onopang'ono kwa mabala owoneka,
• Kuchepetsa kwambiri thupi
• polyuria.

Kuchepa kwambiri kwa ndende ya glucose, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1 amatha kudwala matenda a hypoglycemic. Izi ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri kuchipatala.

Zizindikiro za kusintha kwa insulin mwa ana ndi:

• machitidwe omwe amangokhala, osafuna kusewera,
• ulesi, kugona,
• kusinthasintha
• kulakalaka kosalekeza
• kuwonda
• kukopa kwa pakhungu.

Ngati zizindikirozi zikuwoneka, muyenera kufunsa dokotala - endocrinologist.

Mungapezenso zolemba zothandiza pamutuwu:

Mululin zambiri mwa akazi malinga ndi zaka

Insulin ndi mahomoni a protein omwe amapangidwa ndi kapamba. Imakhala ndi chothandiza kwambiri pakapangidwe kazakudya zambiri m'thupi lathu. Chimodzi mwa ntchito zake zazikulu ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Chifukwa cha insulini, njira yogwiritsira ntchito shuga ndikupanga maselo am minofu imathandizira, kupanga maselo atsopano a shuga m'chiwindi kumalepheretsa. Zimapanga nkhokwe ya glycogen - mtundu wa glucose - m'maselo, zimathandizira pakusunga komanso kudziunjikira kwazinthu zina zamphamvu, monga mafuta, mapuloteni. Chifukwa cha insulin, kuchepa kwawo ndikugwiritsa ntchito sikulephereka.

Zomwe zikuchitika kuti ntchito ya pancreatic singavulaze ndipo gland ikonzedwa, amapanga nthawi zonse kuchuluka kwa insulini yofunikira kwa chamoyo chonse. Mukatha kudya, kuchuluka kwa insulin kumakwera, izi ndizofunikira pakukonzanso kwapamwamba kwambiri kwa mapuloteni obwera, mafuta ndi chakudya.

Pakakhala kuti pali zododometsa zochitika pantchito ya kapamba, pamakhala kugwira ntchito bwino kwa chamoyo chonse. Matendawa amatchedwa matenda a shuga.

Kupanda insulin yokwanira, mtundu 1 wa shuga umachitika. Mu matendawa, maselo a pancreatic beta omwe amapanga insulin amawonongeka. Thupi silingafanane ndi chakudya chomwe chikubwera.

Kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito bwino, wodwalayo amapatsidwa "insulin" chakudya asanadye. Kuchuluka komwe kumayenera kuthana ndi kukonzanso bwino kwa zakudya zomwe zikubwera. Pakati pa chakudya, insulin imathandizidwanso. Cholinga cha majekesowa ndikuwonetsetsa kuti thupi likugwira ntchito pakudya.

Nthawi yomwe insulin m'thupi imapangidwa molondola, koma mawonekedwe ake amakhala osalimba, matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri amapezeka.

Ndi matenda amtunduwu, mtundu wa insulini umachepetsedwa, ndipo sungakhale ndi chidwi ndi maselo amthupi. M'malo mwake, mulibe nzeru mu insulin yotere. Satha kusintha shuga m'magazi.

Ndi mtundu uwu, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokopa insulin kuti ichitepo kanthu.

Mulingo wa insulin m'magazi mwa amuna

Mwa amuna, komanso mwa akazi, zomwe zimapezeka mu insulin zimasiyana ndi zaka.

Amuna kuyambira wazaka 25 mpaka 50	Amuna 60 ndi akulu
3 mpaka 25 mced / l	6 mpaka 35 mced / l

Mukakalamba, mphamvu zowonjezera zimafunikira, chifukwa chake, pambuyo pa makumi asanu ndi limodzi mwa amuna, monga akazi, kuchuluka kwa insulin komwe kumapangidwa kumakhala kochuluka ndikufika 35 mced / l.

Mlingo wa insulin m'mwazi wa amayi ndi abambo pamimba yopanda kanthu

Kusanthula kumeneku kumachitika m'mimba yopanda kanthu m'mawa, kuti zotsatira zake ziziwoneka bwino, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti musadye osachepera maola 12 musanatenge magazi. Chifukwa chake, kuwunika kumeneku kumayikidwa m'mawa, komwe kumakupatsani mwayi wokonzekera bwino magazi.

Tsiku loti lisanachitike, zakudya zamafuta onse, maswiti amachotsedwa pamakonzedwe a wodwala, mowa uyenera kupewedwanso. Kupanda kutero, zotsatira zomwe zapezedwa sizingafanane ndi zenizeni, zomwe zingapangitse njira yodziwira bwino matenda.

Kuphatikiza pakusintha menyu, ndikofunikira kuti mukhale ndi moyo wopumula kwambiri musanafike pokonzanso - siyani masewera olimbikira, olimbikira ntchito, yesani kupewa zomwe zikukumana ndi mavuto. Kusiya kusuta tsiku lisanafike kusanthula sikungakhale kopusa.

Pambuyo pakugona, musanapereke magazi kuti muwoneke, simungadye kapena kumwa chilichonse kupatula madzi oyera okha. Magazi amatengedwa kuchokera pachala, nthawi zina, magazi a venous amatengedwa, komanso pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Kuphatikiza pa kuyezetsa magazi, madokotala nthawi zambiri amakupatsirani kuyesa kwa mapangidwe a chiphuphu, zomwe zimathandizira kudziwa zifukwa zomwe amapangira insulin.

Zotsatira zitha kukhala zochepa poyerekeza ndi tebulo lomwe lili pamwambapa. Chifukwa chake chisonyezo chokhazikika kwa munthu wamkulu chizikhala magawo kuchokera pa 1.9 mpaka 23 mked / l. Kwa ana ochepera zaka 14, chizindikiro ichi chimatha kukhala pakati pa 2 mpaka 20 mcd / l. mwa amayi omwe ali ndiudindo, chizindikiro ichi chikhala 6 mpaka 27 mced / l.

Momwe mungakhalire wabwinobwino

Kwa anthu omwe akukumana ndi mavuto ndi kupanga bwino kwa insulini, zakudya zamafuta ochepa ndizofunikira. Kusunga shuga wabwinobwino, motero insulin, ndizovuta, koma ndizotheka.

Muyenera kusiya kuphika batala ndi sinamoni ndikungoyang'ana zamasamba, chimanga, zipatso zosapsa, tiyi. Kuchuluka kwa lokoma kuyenera kuwongoleredwa momveka bwino ndipo kumakhala koyenera kusintha m'malo mwazipatso zosapsa ndi zipatso zouma. Kuyambira nyama ndibwino kukonda ng'ombe ndi nyama ina yopendekera.

Kuphatikiza pa zakudya, pali maphikidwe ambiri a mitundu ina ya mankhwala omwe amathandizira kuti shuga asamangidwe ndipo osalola kuti kudumpha kwakukulu kuchuluka kwa insulin.

Dziwani zikhalidwe za insulin

Insulin ndi mapuloteni okhala ndi mapuloteniyomwe imapangidwa ndi maselo apachifinya. Ntchito yake yachilengedwe ndikupanga maselo ndi minyewa yokhala ndi michere, makamaka shuga.

Kupanga kwake kumagwirizana mwachindunji pamlingo wa shuga m'magazi, ndipo mu kuperewera kwenikweni kumatha kukhala funso la kukhalapo kwa matenda osokoneza bongo.

Kodi insulin ndi chiyani mu magazi, zomwe zimatengera ndi momwe tingafufuzire, tikambirana zinanso.

Ndi kusanthula kotani komwe kumatsimikiziridwa?

Shuga kukhazikika kwa insulin ndipo kuyambitsa kugawanika kwake, zoyendera ndi kugaya chakudya, zimafufuzidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso a labotale.

Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kupereka magazi kuchokera m'mitsempha, chifukwa magazi a capillary sakhala olemera mu tinthu tating'onoting'ono.Asanapereke kusanthula, maphunziro apadera adzafunika, omwe amafunika kukana chakudya kwa maola 12-14 asanamwe magazi, mtendere wakuthupi komanso wamalingaliro.

Ngati simugona mokwanira, kupsinjika kapena kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, zomwe zimapezeka zitha kusiyana kwambiri ndi zenizeni.

Magazi a insulin abwinobwino - okwera komanso otsika mtengo

Pakulimbitsa chakudya, thupi la munthu limatulutsa mahomoni ambiri osiyanasiyana.

Chofunikira kwambiri ndi insulin, yomwe imapereka njira zama metabolic m'maselo.

Mlingo wa mahomoniwa mwa munthu wathanzi sayenera kupitirira malire ena.

Ngati zizindikiro zake zimapitilira zomwe zimafunikira, izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha ma pathologies osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa cha izi, ndikofunikira kuwongolera mulingo wake, komanso kudziwa mtundu wanji wa insulini m'magazi wokwanira.

Udindo wa insulin m'mwazi

Insulin ndi mtundu wa mahomoni omwe amalimbikitsa kusamutsa michere mthupi ndipo amapangidwa ndi kapamba.

Insulin yamagazi imagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Mitu ikuluikulu ndi:

• kutumiza ndi kuthandizira mayamwidwe a shuga ndi minyewa yama cell ndi mafuta,
• kukhazikitsa njira yopanga glucogen mu chiwindi,
• kuwongolera momwe mapuloteni amapangira, chifukwa amayamba kuwola pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zimawonjezera kuchuluka kwawo ndi maselo amafuta,
• kutsegula kwa shuga kagayidwe,
• kuletsa ntchito zamapuloteni omwe amawononga mafuta ndi glycogen,
• mayendedwe a potaziyamu, magnesium, calcium ndi zinthu zina zofunikira.

Kuchita ntchito zake, insulin imatenga nawo mbali iliyonse ya metabolic. Zotsatira zake, ndiye mahormone akuluakulu omwe zimapangitsa kuti chakudya chamagulu azikhala mthupi la munthu.

Ndiye chifukwa chake, kuphwanya kulikonse mwa kuchuluka kwa insulini kumapangitsa kuti mukhale osalemerera kapena musatope kwambiri. Zizindikiro zotere zimafunikira kukakamiza munthu kuti awonane ndi dokotala kuti adziwe ngati insulini yake ili yabwinobwino.

Mitengo yabwinobwino mwa akazi

Mlingo wa insulin m'magazi mwa akazi umatengera zaka. Komanso, kutenga pakati kumakhudza kuchuluka kwa mahomoni omwe amapangidwa. Malire a mfundo zovomerezeka amafotokozedwa pagome:

Zaka 25-50 wazaka 50 kapena kupitirira

3 – 25	6 – 35	6 – 27

Zikuwoneka kuti chizolowezi cha insulin m'magazi a akazi chimawonjezeka ndi zaka, komanso nthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati. Izi ndichifukwa choti nthawi imeneyi thupi limafunikira mphamvu yayikulu, yomwe imaphatikizira kuchuluka kwa mahomoni.

Kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi mwa amuna kumadaliranso zaka zomwe adakhala. Ngati titenga zomwe zimachitika pachaka, ndiye kuti chiwerengero chovomerezeka cha mahomoni chizioneka motere:

Zaka 25-50 wazaka 50 kapena kupitirira

3 – 25	6 – 35

Poyerekeza zisonyezo za abambo ndi amayi, zikuwonekeratu kuti ndi zofanana ndikuwonjezereka pofika zaka zapenshoni.

Mlingo wa insulin mwa ana zimatanthauzanso zaka. Mpaka kutha msinkhu, ndizochepa, popeza palibe chifukwa chofunikira mphamvu zambiri.

Komabe, patatha zaka 14, thupi la achinyamata limayamba kusinthika kwambiri pamlingo wa mahomoni. Mwanjira iyi, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zamagetsi omwe achinyamata amapereka kumawonjezeka kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwonetsero cha insulin chiwonjezeke. Zikhalidwe zimafotokozedwa pagome:

mpaka wazaka 14 Kuyambira wazaka 14 mpaka 25

3 – 20	6 – 25

Pa masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso pamimba yopanda kanthu

Kusanthula kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwa insulini kumachitika m'njira ziwiri - pamimba yopanda kanthu komanso panthawi yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Komanso, kuti muwone mulingo wofanana, muyenera kuchita zonse ziwiri kuti muwone zosintha.

Njira yoyamba imawonetsa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni panthawi yomwe sakupangidwa ndi kapamba. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa insulin pamimba yopanda kanthu, monga akazi, amuna ndi ana, nthawi zambiri amachepetsa ndipo amakhala m'munsi, omwe amaperekedwa patebulopo:

Pochiza matenda a shuga kunyumba, akatswiri akulangizani DiaLife. Ichi ndi chida chapadera:

• Amasinthasintha shuga
• Amayang'anira ntchito ya pancreatic
• Chotsani puffness, limayendetsa madzi kagayidwe
• Amawongolera masomphenya
• Zoyenera akulu ndi ana.
• Alibe zotsutsana

Opanga alandila ziphaso zonse zofunika ndi ziphaso za mbiri ku Russia komanso m'maiko oyandikana.

Timapereka kuchotsera kwa owerenga tsamba lathu!

Gulani pa tsamba lovomerezeka

wazaka 14 zakubadwa 14-25 Amuna ndi akazi a zaka 25-50 Amuna ndi akazi azaka za 50 ndi Amayi okalamba panthawi yapakati

2 – 4	4– 7	1,9 – 4	5 – 7	4,5 – 8

Pambuyo pa kusanthula pamimba yopanda kanthu, mtundu wachiwiri umachitidwa - wokhala ndi shuga. Nayo, itha kuchitika m'njira ziwiri - pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya shuga kapena chakudya chosavuta.

Mu mawonekedwe oyamba, munthu amapatsidwa njira yotseka shuga (kwa ana 50 ml., Kwa akuluakulu 75 ml.) Ndipo dikirani mphindi 45-60, pambuyo pake amatenga magazi kuti awunikenso. Panthawi imeneyi, thupi liyenera kuyamba kupanga insulin kuti itenge shuga. Kukula kwa mahomoni kumayenera kukhala kokugwirizana ndi kusanthula koyamba ndikukhala m'magulu otsatirawa:

wazaka 14 zakubadwa 14-25 Amuna ndi akazi a zaka 25-50 Amuna ndi akazi azaka za 50 ndi Amayi okalamba panthawi yapakati

10 – 20	13 – 25	13 – 25	17 – 35	16 — 27

Panjira yachiwiri, kutsitsa shuga kumachitika mwa kudya zakudya wamba. Pankhaniyi, insulini iyenera kukulira pafupifupi 70% yokhudzana ndi kusanthula pamimba yopanda kanthu. Izi zikufotokozedwa pagome:

wazaka 14 zakubadwa 14-25 Amuna ndi akazi a zaka 25-50 Amuna ndi akazi azaka za 50 ndi Amayi okalamba panthawi yapakati

6 – 10	8 – 13	8 – 13	9 – 17	8 — 16

Posankha kuchuluka kwa mahomoni ndi chakudya, zizindikilo zimasiyana ndi zomwe zidadyedwa.

Ngati index ya insulini idakwezedwa kapena kutsitsidwa, ndiye kuti izi zikuwonetsa zovuta ndi kupanga kwake. Potere, adotolo amafufuza mayeso owonjezera kuti adziwe zomwe zimayambitsa kuperewera kwa kapamba.

Wotsika insulin

Ngati insulini imatsitsidwa, shuga amayamba kudziunjikira chifukwa chakuti samakonzedwa m'maselo. Izi zimabweretsa kuti magwiridwe antchito a ziwalo zambiri amasokonekera chifukwa chosowa mphamvu.

wazaka 14 zakubadwa 14-25 Amuna ndi akazi a zaka 25-50 Amuna ndi akazi azaka za 50 ndi Amayi okalamba panthawi yapakati 2 – 44– 71,9 – 45 – 74,5 – 8

Pambuyo pa kusanthula pamimba yopanda kanthu, mtundu wachiwiri umachitidwa - wokhala ndi shuga. Nayo, itha kuchitika m'njira ziwiri - pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya shuga kapena chakudya chosavuta.

Mu mawonekedwe oyamba, munthu amapatsidwa njira yotseka shuga (kwa ana 50 ml., Kwa akuluakulu 75 ml.) Ndipo dikirani mphindi 45-60, pambuyo pake amatenga magazi kuti awunikenso. Panthawi imeneyi, thupi liyenera kuyamba kupanga insulin kuti itenge shuga. Kukula kwa mahomoni kumayenera kukhala kokugwirizana ndi kusanthula koyamba ndikukhala m'magulu otsatirawa:

wazaka 14 zakubadwa 14-25 Amuna ndi akazi a zaka 25-50 Amuna ndi akazi azaka za 50 ndi Amayi okalamba panthawi yapakati

10 – 20	13 – 25	13 – 25	17 – 35	16 — 27

Panjira yachiwiri, kutsitsa shuga kumachitika mwa kudya zakudya wamba. Pankhaniyi, insulini iyenera kukulira pafupifupi 70% yokhudzana ndi kusanthula pamimba yopanda kanthu. Izi zikufotokozedwa pagome:

wazaka 14 zakubadwa 14-25 Amuna ndi akazi a zaka 25-50 Amuna ndi akazi azaka 50 ndi Amayi okalamba pa nthawi yoyembekezera

6 – 10	8 – 13	8 – 13	9 – 17	8 — 16

Posankha kuchuluka kwa mahomoni ndi chakudya, zizindikilo zimasiyana ndi zomwe zidadyedwa.

Ngati index ya insulini idakwezedwa kapena kutsitsidwa, ndiye kuti izi zikuwonetsa zovuta ndi kupanga kwake. Potere, adotolo amafufuza mayeso owonjezera kuti adziwe zomwe zimayambitsa kuperewera kwa kapamba.

Matenda a magwiridwe a insulin

Mosasamala kanthu kuti mulingo wa insulin m'mwazi ukuwonjezeka kapena kuchepetsedwa, ziyenera kukhala zofananira kuti zilepheretse kukula kwa matenda a pathologies m'thupi.

Kutsitsa hormone kumakonza pakubaya. Insulin yachitatu ndi yamitundu ingapo, yomwe imasiyana mosiyana ndi kuthamanga kwazowonekera komanso nthawi yayitali.

Mtundu, mlingo, malo oyendetsedwera komanso maola akumwa ma jakisoni a mahomoni ndi okhawo omwe amapezeka ndi adokotala. Kuphatikiza apo, adokotala amawonetsa zakudya zofunika, zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zitsatire.

Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi, zakudya ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka.Zakudya zake zimatengera kupatulidwa kwa zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi shuga.

Maziko amapangidwa ndi mbale kuchokera masamba, nyama yochepa mafuta, nsomba zam'nyanja ndi zamkaka.

Kuphatikiza pa kadyedwe, ndikofunikira kumangolimbitsa thupi ndi katundu wambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti shuga asinthe m'thupi kukhala mphamvu, ndipo, chifukwa chake, kutsika kwa insulin.

Ngati zakudya ndi kupsinjika sizikuthandizira, ndiye kuti mankhwala amaikidwa kuti abwezeretse mayankho a kapamba mpaka kuchuluka kwa shuga mthupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matenda a insulin akhale nawo.

Kukana insulini

Mukamayesa insulin ndi shuga, vuto limatha kuchitika, ngati kuwerenga kwabwinobwino shuga, mulingo wa mahomoni umachoka. Nthawi zambiri izi zimawonetsa kukana kwa insulin - kuphwanya zomwe thupi limachita mu kagayidwe kachakudya kake kapena ka insulin. Ndipo sizingagwire ntchito ngati imodzi mwa ntchito zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mahomoni, kapena zonse nthawi imodzi.

Kukana kwa insulini ndichinthu chowopsa chomwe chingayambitse matenda oopsa a mtima komanso matenda a shuga 2.

Kupewa ndi malingaliro

Njira yabwii ndikusunga insulin yokwanira.

Izi zimafuna izi:

• tsatirani zakudya zina, zomwe mumazidya shuga wambiri.
• onjezerani kuchuluka kwa zakudya patsiku, ndikuchepetsa zopatsa mphamvu patsiku limodzi,
• lekani zizolowezi zoyipa (zakumwa ndi kusuta) zomwe zimawononga kapamba,
• masewera olimbitsa thupi
• tchera khutu poyenda mumweya watsopano.

Kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi sikuyenera kupitilira muyeso ina. Ngati pali zizindikiro za kuchuluka kapena kuchepa kwa mahomoni, muyenera kufunsa dokotala kuti muwadziwitse.

Ngati mayesowa atsimikizira kuti insulini ikupitilira zomwe mukuyenera, ndiye muyenera kufunsa dokotala za njira zobwezeretsera kuchuluka kwake. Kutsatira malangizo a dotolo, komanso malingaliro oyendetsera kuchuluka kwa mahomoni, mutha kuchepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo cha kusintha kwakukuru m'thupi m'thupi.

Matenda a shuga nthawi zonse amayambitsa zovuta zakupha. Mwazi wamagazi ochulukirapo ndi woopsa kwambiri.

Lyudmila Antonova mu Disembala 2018 adapereka chidziwitso chokhudza chithandizo cha matenda ashuga. Werengani kwathunthu