Proinsulin (Proinsulin)

Proinsulin imayambitsa insulini, yomwe imapangidwa ndi maselo a beta a kapamba ndikuwongolera shuga. Kutsika kwakukulu kwa ndende ya proinsulin kumawonedwa mu mtundu 1 wa shuga mellitus (vuto la endocrinological lomwe limadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi motsutsana ndi maziko a insulini yopanga).

Kuwunika kwa zomwe zili mu proinsulin m'magazi kumapangitsa kuti zizindikire za ma cell a beta a islets a Langerhans molondola kwambiri, i.e. shuga mellitus, komanso munthawi yake kudziwa kukula kwa prediabetesic state ndi insulinoma (endocrine chotupa chokhudza insulin).

Proinsulin m'maselo a beta a kapamba amaphatikizidwa m'miyala yapadera yapadera. Mkati mwawo, motsogozedwa ndi PC1 / 3, PC2 ndi carboxypeptidase E prohormones, imagwera mu insulin ndi C-peptide. Pafupifupi 3% yokha ya ma proinsulin samamangirira mahomoni ndipo amazungulira mwaulere. Komabe, kuphatikiza kwake m'magazi kumatha kufika 10-30% ya kuchuluka kwa kuzungulira kwa insulin, popeza theka la moyo wa proinsulin limadaliratu katatu.

Chidziwitso: ntchito ya proinsulin ndi yotsika 10 kuposa insulin. Koma ngakhale izi, kuwonjezereka kwa kuchuluka kwake m'magazi kungayambitse matenda a hypoglycemic (kuchepa kwakukulu kwa shuga m'magazi). Kuwonjezeka kwa milingo ya proinsulin kumawonetsa zovuta ndi impso (kusakwanira, kusowa kwa magazi), chiwindi (cirrhosis), chithokomiro cha chithokomiro (hyperthyroidism), ndi zina zambiri.

Magazi a proinsulin amatha kuwonjezeka atatha kudya, komanso magawo a shuga. Mafuta ambiri a proinsulin amadziwikanso ndi machitidwe owopsa (chotupa cha maselo omwe amatulutsa insulin).

Nthawi zina, kuchuluka kwa ma proinsulin kumawonjezeka ndi kupangika kosakwanira kwa PC1 / 3 converase, puloteni ya endocrine. Izi zimabweretsa chisokonezo pakukula kwa mahomoni a peptide, omwe kunenepa kwambiri, kusabereka, matenda a impso komanso matenda ashuga zimayamba.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi vuto la kutembenuka mtima ali ndi tsitsi lofiira, mosatengera zaka, jenda komanso mtundu.

Zizindikiro zakusanthula

Mayeso a proinsulin adayikidwa pamilandu yotsatirayi:

  • machitidwe a hypoglycemic, kuphatikizapo omwe adapangidwa mwangozi,
  • matenda a pancreatic neoplasms (insulinoma),
  • kuwunika kwa kapangidwe ka maselo a beta,
  • Kutsimikiza kwa converase akusowa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana kusintha kwa molekyulu ya proinsulin,
  • kusiyanitsa matenda a shuga.

Kunamizira pazotsatira za kuyesa kwa proinsulin kumatha kuchitika ndi akatswiri, oncologist, endocrinologist, gynecologist ndi Dokotala wa ana.

Mitundu ya proinsulin

Chiyeso chokhazikika cha mayeso a plasma proinsulin ndi pmol pa lita imodzi ya magazi.

Zaka 17 zakubadwa0,7 – 4,3

Chidziwitso: mfundo zomwe zaperekedwa ndizothandiza pongoyesedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Kuchulukitsa Mfundo

  • Mbiri ya mabanja ya hyperproinsulinemia (mkhalidwe wa proinsulin wokwezeka kwambiri mu matenda a shuga kapena kunenepa kwambiri),
  • Type 2 shuga mellitus (osadalira insulini),
  • Kukula kwa zotupa za cell za pancreatic beta (kuphatikizapo insulinomas),
  • Zotupa zina za endocrine zomwe zimatha kupanga insulin,
  • Mavuto obwera chifukwa cha kupanga ma cell a beta,
  • Kulephera kwa impso,
  • Hyperthyroidism (hypersecretion yamahomoni a chithokomiro),
  • Cirrhosis a chiwindi (kusintha kapangidwe kazinthu zake),
  • Hypoglycemic hyperinsulinemia (mkhalidwe wochepetsa kwambiri shuga ndende) woopsa,
  • Kumwa mankhwala a hypoglycemic (kuphatikizapo sulfonylureas),
  • Sinthani kusowa PC1 3.

Chidziwitso: mwaoposa 80% ya odwala omwe ali ndi insulinoma, proinsulin ndiwokwera kwambiri kuposa wabwinobwino. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuzindikira komanso kutsimikizika kwa kuyesedwa kwa matenda awa ndi 75-95%.

Kupanga kosakwanira kwa converase, proinsulin idzakulitsidwa pambuyo chakudya, ndipo insulin, m'malo mwake, idzatsitsidwa. Matenda enanso a mahomoni amatithandizanso, mwachitsanzo, katemera wotsika wa cortisol, gawo lakuthwa la thupi, kusokonezeka kwa dongosolo la kubereka.

Kukonzekera kwa kusanthula

Kafukufuku wofufuza: magazi a venous.

Njira yoyeserera: kubwezera kwamitsempha yamkono molingana ndi algorithm wamba.

Nthawi yosintha: 8: 00-10: 00h.

Zowongolera: pamimba yopanda kanthu (nthawi yosala usiku osachepera maola 10, kumwa madzi opanda mpweya ndipo mchere umaloledwa).

  • madzulo a mayeso saloledwa kudya mafuta, okazinga, zakudya zonunkhiritsa, kumwa zoledzeretsa komanso zakumwa za tonic (tiyi wa ginger, khofi ndi cocoa, mphamvu, ndi zina).
  • Masiku 1-2 mayeso asanakwane mayeso, zochitika zovutitsa ziyenera kusiyidwa, zochitika zamasewera ziyenera kusiyidwa, kukweza zolemetsa ziyenera kukhala zochepa,
  • kusuta ndikoletsedwa ola limodzi kusanachitike (ndudu, vape, hookah),
  • 20-30 mphindi musanadye, ndikofunikira kuti mukhale pansi kapena kugona, kupumula, kudziteteza ku nkhawa zilizonse zakuthupi kapena zamaganizidwe.

Zofunika! Ngati mukumwa mankhwala a mahomoni kapena mankhwala ena, onetsetsani kuti mwawauza dzina lawo, nthawi yaudindo wake komanso mlingo kwa dokotala musanapange mayeso a proinsulin.

Muyenera kuti mwapatsidwanso ntchito:

Zolemba

  1. Encyclopedia of Clinical Laboratory Test, Ed. N.U. Nkhope. Nyumba yosindikiza
    "Labinform" - M. - 1997 - 942 p.
  2. Z. Ahrat Ali, K. Radebold. - Insulinoma. - http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic2677.htm
  3. Zipangizo za kampani - wopanga ma seti.
  4. Zolemba za Tietz zamankhwala opangira zamankhwala ndi masamu diagnostics (ed. Burtis C., Ashwood E., Bruns D.) - Saunders - 2006 - 2412 p.
  • Kuzindikira matenda a hypoglycemic. Kukayikira kwa insulin.
  • Kuyesa kwa cell ya pancreatic beta (onaninso: insulini (yesero No. 172) ndi C-peptide (yesero Na. 148).

Kutanthauzira kwa zotsatira zakufufuzira kumakhala ndi chidziwitso kwa dotolo yemwe akupezekapo ndipo si matenda. Zambiri zomwe zili mgawoli sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito podzifufuza nokha. Dokotala amafufuza molondola pogwiritsa ntchito zotsatirazi polemba izi komanso chidziwitso chofunikira kuchokera kwazinthu zina: mbiri, zotsatira za mayeso ena, ndi zina zambiri.

Mayeso akuyeretsa mu labotale Yoyimira yaITITRO: pmol / l.

Proinsulin

Tsitsani ngati PDF

Kuyamba

Proinsulin, timadzi tambiri, totsegulira insulin, timapangidwa mu ma cell a pancreatic β. Mothandizidwa ndi mapuloteni, C-peptide imachotsedwa mu molekyulu ya proinsulin ndipo insulin yogwira imapangidwa. Pafupifupi pafupifupi proinsulin yonse imasinthidwa kukhala insulin yogwira. Ndi ma proinsulin ochepa chabe omwe amapezeka m'magazi. Mlingo wa proinsulin m'magazi umadziwika ndi ma pancreatic β-cell. Kuwona mulingo wa proinsulin kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira zotupa za pancreatic β-cell (insulin). Odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi insulinomas amawonjezera kuchuluka kwa insulin, C-peptide ndi proinsulin, koma nthawi zina, kuwonjezeka kwa proinsulin kokha kumawonekera. Proinsulin ali ndi zochita zotsika kwambiri (pafupifupi 1:10) komanso moyo wautali (pafupifupi 3: 1) kuposa insulini. Ngakhale ntchito yotsika ya proinsulin, kuwonjezeka kwakutali pamlingo wake kungayambitsenso mikhalidwe ya hypoglycemic. Maselo osinthika a β-cell, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimasungidwa zimasunthira proinsulin. Chiwerengero cha proinsulin / insulin molar cha insulinomas chimakhala pamwamba pa 25%, nthawi zina mpaka 90%. Kuchulukana kwa proinsulin kumatha kuwonetsedwa mwa odwala omwe amalephera aimpso, matenda enaake, hyperthyroidism.

Ndi kuchuluka kwapakati kwa proinsulin ndi kapamba, mwachitsanzo, kukokana ndi minofu kapena insulin kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo (mwachitsanzo, sulfonylureas), kusintha kwa proinsulin kukhala insulin yogwira kumakhala kosakwanira, chifukwa chochepa mphamvu ya mapuloteni. Izi zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa proinsulin m'magazi ndikuchepa kwa ndende ya yogwira insulin. Pazifukwa izi, kuwonjezereka kwa kuchuluka kwa proinsulin m'magazi kumatha kuonedwa ngati chizindikiro cha kuphwanya kwa ntchito ya pancreatic β-cell.

Proinsulin ndi Matenda a 2 Matenda

Type 2 shuga mellitus amadziwika ndi cholowa cha minofu yolimbana ndi insulin komanso secretion ya pancreatic yolakwika. Kukana kwa insulini kumatanthauziridwa ngati vuto la metabolic poyipa ku insulin kapena insulin. Uku ndi matenda wamba, omwe amapezeka mwaoposa 50% ya odwala omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa. Zimakhala zambiri mwa anthu okalamba, komanso zimatha kuyambira ndili mwana. Kutsutsa kwa insulin nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosadziwika mpaka kukula kwa zovuta zama metabolic. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa, kunenepa kwambiri, kukomoka kwa glucose, kapena kulekerera shuga wambiri ali ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha insulin. Makina athunthu a chitukuko cha insulin kukana sanadziwikebebe. Zovuta zomwe zimatsogolera kukana kwa insulin zimatha kuchitika m'magawo otsatirawa: prereceptor (abnormal insulin), receptor (kuchepa kwa chiwerengero kapena kuyanjana ndi ma receptors), mayendedwe a glucose (kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha ma molekyulu a GLUT4), ndi postreceptor (chizindikiro transduction ndi phosphorylation). Tsopano akukhulupirira kuti chachikulu chomwe chimapangitsa insulini kukana ndi zovuta za postreceptor za kufalikira kwa chizindikiro cha insulin.

Proinsulin monga chiopsezo cha matenda amtima

Kukaniza kwa minofu kumayenderana ndi insulin kumayenderana kwambiri ndi kupezeka kwa myocardial infarction, stroke, ndi zovuta zina zazikulu. Chifukwa chake, kuwunika kwa minofu kukana insulin ndikofunikira kwambiri. Mpaka pano, kupezeka kwa matenda a insulini kwakhala kotheka pogwiritsa ntchito njira zovuta kwambiri. Kafukufuku waposachedwa wazaka wazitsimikizira kufunikira kwa proinsulin monga chizindikiro chotsutsa insulin 6, 7.

Kuchulukitsa kwa proinsulin ndi des-31,32-proinsulin (chinthu chosokonekera cha proinsulin) chikugwirizana bwino ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka cha matenda a mtima ndi matenda a mtima. Mpaka pano, palibe njira imodzi yofotokozera momwe kukana kwa insulin kumayambitsa zotupa za mtima. Insulin ikhoza kukhala ndi vuto la atherogenesis, chifukwa cha mphamvu yake yolimbikitsira kaphatikizidwe ka lipid mu khoma lazakale ndi kuchuluka kwa minofu yosalala ya khoma lakale. Komabe, matenda a atherosulinosis, atha kukhala chifukwa cha kusokonekera kwa metabolic, monga matenda oopsa, kusokonekera kwa glucose, dyslipidemia.

Proinsulin monga cholembera

Kutsimikiza kwa kuchuluka kwa ma serum proinsulin ndikofunikira pakuwunika ntchito zachinsinsi za ma pancreatic β-cell. Kutengera ndi phunziroli, njira zochizira zitha kutsimikiziridwa ndikuwunika moyenera pamankhwala.

Zotsatira za kafukufuku wa proinsulin mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2

Proinsulin 11.0 pmol / L

(kuphwanya chinsinsi cha ma β-cell a kapamba)

Mwachiwonekere kuti kukana kwa minofu kumayenderana ndi insulin. Mankhwala a kukana insulini tikulimbikitsidwa. Ndi chithandizo chathanzi (patatha pafupifupi miyezi itatu), kuchuluka kwa proinsulin m'magazi kumatsika.

Zotsatira za kafukufuku wa proinsulin mwa odwala matenda a shuga

Proinsulin> 11.0 pmol / L

Kafukufuku akulimbikitsidwa kuti adziwe matenda a shuga kapena insulinoma ndikuzindikira zoopsa zomwe zingayambitse matenda a mtima.

Zisonyezo pacholinga cha phunziroli:

  • Matenda a hypoglycemic zinthu
  • Insulin Wokayikira
  • Kuyeserera kwa ntchito ya pancreatic β-cell
  • Kuzindikira kwa insulin kukana

Chulukitsani chizindikiro:

  • Matenda a shuga a II
  • Banja hyperproinsulinemia
  • Pancreatic β-cell tumors (insulinomas)
  • Zotupa zopanga insulin
  • Pancreatic β-secretion secretion
  • Kukana insulini
  • Kulephera kwa impso
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Cirrhosis
  • Mkulu hypoglycemic hyperinsulinemia
  • Zotsatira za sulfonylureas (mankhwala a hypoglycemic)

Kukonzekera kuwerenga

Magazi amaperekedwa kuti afufuzidwe pamimba yopanda kanthu m'mawa, ngakhale tiyi kapena khofi sikhala kunja. Ndizovomerezeka kumwa madzi opanda kanthu.

Kutalika kwa nthawi kuchokera pachakudya chotsiriza mpaka kuyesedwa ndi maola osachepera asanu ndi atatu.

Tsiku lisanafike phunzirolo, musamamwe zakumwa zoledzeretsa, zakudya zamafuta, kuchepetsa masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Kutanthauzira kwa Zotsatira

Norm: 0.5 - 3.2 pmol / L.

Kuchulukitsa:

2. Kuperewera kwa kutembenuka PC1 / 3.

3. Banja hyperproinsulinemia.

4. Kulephera kwa impso.

5. Lembani matenda ashuga a 2.

6. Hyperthyroidism - hyperthyroidism.

7. Kumwa mankhwala a hypoglycemic - zotumphukira za sulfanylurea.

Kuchepetsa:

1. Mtundu 1 wa shuga mellitus (wodalira insulin).

Sankhani zizindikiro zomwe zikukuvutitsani, yankhani mafunso. Dziwani kuti vuto lanu ndi lalikulu bwanji komanso kuti mukaonana ndi dokotala.

Musanagwiritse ntchito zomwe zaperekedwa ndi tsamba la masamba la mareportal.org, chonde werengani mawu omwe mungagwiritse ntchito.

Pangano la ogwiritsa ntchito

Medportal.org imapereka ntchitozo malinga ndi zomwe zafotokozedwazi. Kuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito webusaitiyi, mumatsimikizira kuti mudawerengera Panganoli Pamagwiritsidwe musanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito tsambalo, ndipo mukuvomereza zonse zomwe mgwirizanowu unakwaniritsa. Chonde osagwiritsa ntchito tsamba la webusayiti ngati simukugwirizana ndi izi.

Kufotokozera Kwa Ntchito

Chidziwitso chonse chomwe chatumidwa pamalowo ndi chongowerenga chokha, chidziwitso chomwe chatengedwa kuchokera ku magawo ena ndichachidziwitso ndipo sichotsatsa. Webusayiti ya medportal.org imapereka ntchito zomwe zimapangitsa Wogwiritsa ntchito kusaka mankhwala pazinthu zomwe adalandira kuchokera kuzipatala monga gawo la mgwirizano pakati pa malo ogulitsa mankhwala ndi tsamba la masamba a medportal.org. Kuti zitheke kugwiritsa ntchito tsambalo, zambiri zamankhwala ndi zothandizira pazakudya zimakonzedweratu ndikuchepetsedwa kuti zilembedwe chimodzi.

Webusayiti ya medportal.org imapereka ntchito zomwe zimaloleza Wogwiritsa ntchito kuti apeze masamba azachipatala ndi zidziwitso zina zamankhwala.

Kuchepetsa ngongole

Zambiri zomwe zalembedwa muzotsatira zakusaka sizoperekedwa pagulu. Kuwongolera tsamba la tsambalo medportal.org sikutsimikizira kulondola, kutsimikiza ndi / kapena kufunikira kwa zomwe zikuwonetsedwa. Kuwongolera tsamba la tsambalo medportal.org sikuti kumayambitsa kuvulaza kapena kuwonongeka komwe mungakhale nako chifukwa chakutha kupeza kapena kulephera kufikira malowa kapena kuchokera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kapena kulephera kugwiritsa ntchito tsambali.

Pakuvomereza mfundo za panganoli, mumamvetsetsa bwino komanso mukuvomereza kuti:

Zambiri zomwe zili patsamba lino ndizongotchulidwa kokha.

Kuwongolera tsamba la tsambalo medportal.org sikutsimikizira kusowa kwa zolakwika ndi kusiyana pa zomwe zalengezedwa pamalowo komanso kupezeka kwake kwa katundu ndi mitengo ya zinthu zomwe zili mufesi.

Wogwiritsa ntchitoyo amafunikira kuti amfotokozere zomwe zimamuchititsa kuti azimupatsa foni kapena kumuwuza kuti azigwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru zake.

Kuwongolera tsamba la tsambalo medportal.org sikutsimikizira kusakhalapo kwa zolakwika ndi zosiyanazi zokhudzana ndi ndandanda ya zipatala, zambiri zawo - manambala amfoni ndi ma adilesi.

Ngakhalenso Kuwongolera tsambalo medportal.org, kapena gulu lina lililonse lomwe likugwira nawo ntchito popereka chidziwitso ndiloyenera kuvulaza kapena kuwonongeka komwe mungavutike chifukwa chodalira kwathunthu pazomwe zili patsamba lino.

Oyang'anira tsambali medportal.org amayesetsa kuchita zonse mtsogolomo kuchepetsa kusiyana ndi zolakwika pazidziwitso zomwe zaperekedwa.

Kuwongolera tsamba la tsambalo medportal.org sikutsimikizira kuti kulibe kulephera kwaukadaulo, kuphatikiza pa ntchito ya pulogalamuyi. Oyang'anira tsambali medportal.org amayesetsa kuchita zonse zomwe angathe kuti athetse vuto lililonse lomwe lingachitike.

Wogwiritsa ntchito akuchenjezedwa kuti Kuwongolera kwa tsambalo medportal.org sikuyendetsa ntchito ndikuyendera zinthu zakunja, maulalo omwe atha kukhala pamalowo, samapereka chidziwitso pazomwe zili ndipo siziwachititsa kupezeka.

Oyang'anira tsambali medportal.org ali ndi ufulu wa kuyimitsa ntchito tsambalo, pang'ono kapena kusintha zonse zake, asintha pa Chigwirizano cha ogwiritsa ntchito. Zosintha zotere zimachitika pokhapokha pakuwona kwa Administration popanda kuzindikira kwa Wogwiritsa ntchito.

Mukuvomereza kuti mudawerengera panganoli.

Zotsatsa zotsatsa zomwe patsamba lake limagwirizana ndi wotsatsa limalembedwa kuti "malonda."

Proinsulin Assay - Kuyesa β-Cell Ntchito

Kuyesedwa kwa labotale kwa matenda, kuphatikizapo matenda ashuga, kumatenga gawo lalikulu. Osati nthawi zonse zizindikiro za matendawa komanso kuchuluka kwa magazi m'magazi a glycemia kumawonetsa njira yeniyeni yachipatala m'thupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azindikire zolakwika pokhazikitsa mtundu wa matenda ashuga.
Proinsulin ndi mtundu wina wa protein womwe umapangidwa ndi insulin yopangidwa ndi ma cell a β-cell a ma isanc mu ma pancreas mwa anthu. Pambuyo pa cleavage kuchokera ku proinsulin, tsamba lamapuloteni (lomwe limadziwikanso kuti C-peptide), molekyulu ya insulin imapezeka, yomwe imayang'anira kagayidwe kake mthupi la munthu, makamaka mphamvu ya shuga ndi shuga wina.

Izi zimasungidwa m'maselo am'misika ya Langerhans, pomwe imasandulika kukhala insulin yothandizira. Komabe, pafupifupi 15% ya chinthucho imalowabe m'magazi osasinthika. Poyesa kuchuluka kumeneku, pankhani ya C-peptide, munthu amatha kudziwa ntchito ya maselo a β-kuthekera kwawo ndi kuthekera kwawo kutulutsa insulin. Proinsulin ali ndi zochitika zochepa za catabolic ndipo amakhala nthawi yayitali mthupi la munthu kuposa insulin. Koma, ngakhale izi zitachitika, Mlingo wambiri wa proinsulin (womwe umawonedwa mu ma pancreas (insulinoma, ndi zina)) umatha kudzetsa hypoglycemia mwa anthu.

Kukonzekera mayeso a proinsulin

Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa proinsulin mwa anthu, magazi a venous amatengedwa. M'mbuyomu, wodwalayo ayenera kutsatira njira zingapo zosavomerezeka, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofanana ndi kukonzekera kusintha kwa zamankhwala kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa shuga:

  1. Kupereka magazi kumachitika m'mawa musanadye nkhomaliro, pamimba yopanda kanthu. Amaloledwa kutenga madzi ochepa kuti awerenge, popanda zowonjezera zina.
  2. Tsiku lisanafike phunziroli, ndikofunikira kupatula zakumwa zoledzeretsa, kusuta, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso kuyendetsa mankhwala, ngati zingatheke, makamaka mankhwala ena ochepetsa shuga (glibenclamide, shuga, amaryl, ndi zina).

Zisonyezo zakusanthula kwa zasayansi

Kusanthula kwa proinsulin kumachitika molingana ndi mawonekedwe azachipatala, kuti mumvetse bwino izi:

  • Kufotokozera kwa zomwe zimayambitsa mwadzidzidzi zinthu za hypoglycemic.
  • Kuzindikiritsa insulinomas.
  • Kudziwitsa kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito a pancreatic β-cell.
  • Katswiri azachipatala a mtundu wa matenda a shuga (mtundu 1 kapena 2).

Proinsulin Assay - Kuyesa β-Cell Ntchito

Udindo wofunikira pakuwunikira koyenera umayesedwa ndi mayeso a labotale. Zizindikiro za matendawa ndi shuga wamagazi sizimawonetsa njira zenizeni zamatenda mthupi, mutha kulakwitsa mosavuta kuzindikira mtundu wa matenda ashuga.

Proinsulin ndi prohormone (mtundu wosagwiritsa ntchito wa molekyulu ya insulin), yomwe imapangidwa ndi maselo a beta amtundu wa anthu. C - peptide (tsamba lamapuloteni) limapukusidwa kuchokera ku proinsulin, molekyulu ya insulin imapangidwa, yomwe imayang'anira kagayidwe ka thupi la munthu, imathandizira kwambiri pakuwonongeka kwa glucose ndi shuga wina.

Thupi limasinthidwa kukhala insulin yogwira timadzi tating'onoting'ono tomwe timaselo tating'onoting'ono ta Langerhans. Koma 15% imalowa m'magazi m'makhalidwe ake oyambirirawo. Ngati muyeza kuchuluka kwa chinthu ichi, mutha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa β - maselo omwe amatha kupanga insulini. Mu proinsulin, zochitika za catabolic sizitchulidwa kokwanira, ndipo zimatha kukhalabe m'thupi motalika kuposa insulin. Koma Mlingo wambiri wa kapamba mu kapamba (wa ma oncological mu chiwalochi) umatha kudzetsa hypoglycemia mwa anthu.

Kukonzekera kusanachitike kusanthula kwa pronesulin
Zambiri pa kuchuluka kwa ma proinsulin m'thupi amasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku magazi a venous. Asanalandire sampuli, wodwalayo amatsatira malingaliro angapo ofanana ndikukonzekera kusanachitike kuphatikiza zamankhwala kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi:
- Kuyamwa magazi kumachitika m'mawa m'mimba yopanda kanthu. Ndizotheka kumwa madzi oyera popanda zowonjezera.
- Kwa maola 24, mowa, kusuta, masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kumwa mankhwala, makamaka mankhwala ochepetsa shuga monga glibenclamide, shuga, amaryl, etc.

Zizindikiro zakusanthula
Kusanthula kumeneku kumawerengedwa ndi dokotala kuti adziwe zotsatirazi:
- Hypoglycemia mwadzidzidzi
- Tanthauzo la insulinomas
- Kuwona zochitika za β-cell za kapamba
- Kuzindikiritsa mtundu wa matenda ashuga

Kuchotsera kwa kusanthula deta
Proinsulin mwa munthu wathanzi sapitirira 7 pmol / l, kupatuka kwa 0,5 - 4 pmol / l ndikuloledwa, komwe kumatheka chifukwa cholakwika ndi zida.

Ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 shuga, pali kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kuchuluka kwa proinsulin m'magazi. Kuwonjezeka kwa gawo labwino kumawonetsa mtundu wa 2 shuga, pancreatic oncology, chithokomiro, chiwindi ndi impso.

Kusiya Ndemanga Yanu